WO2010149806A1 - Stiffening the blade root of a wind turbine - Google Patents

Stiffening the blade root of a wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010149806A1
WO2010149806A1 PCT/ES2010/000276 ES2010000276W WO2010149806A1 WO 2010149806 A1 WO2010149806 A1 WO 2010149806A1 ES 2010000276 W ES2010000276 W ES 2010000276W WO 2010149806 A1 WO2010149806 A1 WO 2010149806A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
wind turbine
root
inserts
rigid element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2010/000276
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Javier Echarte Casquero
Juan Redin Miqueleiz
Original Assignee
Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. filed Critical Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.
Publication of WO2010149806A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010149806A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the manufacture of the root of
  • Ia blade of a wind turbine and more specifically with its stiffening proposing a solution that incorporates a rigid element cohesive to the inserts forming a set that joins the wind turbine and provides greater structural rigidity while significantly improving manufacturing tolerances of Ia blade interface, ensures the repetitiveness of the process and facilitates the assembly tasks of the blade.
  • the structural components of the wind turbine blades must be designed to withstand the stresses derived from their continuous working conditions, being desirable that they have the lowest possible weight. This is why composite materials are being used for their manufacture.
  • the blade of a wind turbine is constituted by a structural beam, an upper shell or extrados and a lower shell or intrados, the structural beam being formed by a first body or body-root and a second body or body-trunk.
  • the root body is formed by a first part of cylindrical shape, a second transition part and a third part with a drawer shape, while the trunk body is shaped like a drawer with a decreasing section towards the tip of the blade, having to support its upper face, which is in contact with the extrados, and its lower face, which is in contact with the intrados, tensions higher than its lateral faces during the life of the blade.
  • each of these pieces of the blade of the Wind turbine is carried out by molding and is based on the use of fiber blankets, which can be impregnated in resin, which are wound on a mandrel or mold, obtaining the different parts of the blade that after curing will be assembled together.
  • the free ends of the bushings must be located in the same plane to guarantee a correct distribution of the load between the different screws or bolts of the wind turbine connection and, consequently, an optimal transmission of the forces.
  • the PCT WO 2007/010064 describes a method of manufacturing the root of a blade by means of the compilation of fibers and resins by vacuum, for later curing and demolding.
  • the face of the blade attached to the bushing is drilled and holes are inserted in the holes with a precision machine.
  • the problem that arises with this method of manufacturing is that in curing the blade can be oval and consequently the holes will determine a deviation from its theoretical position. This fact requires a greater amount of fiber laminated in the base of the blade to provide a greater thickness in the area of drilling of the holes in case of deformation.
  • US Patent 4 915 590 describes a method of joining between the root of
  • the blade and the hub of a wind turbine in which the wall of the root of the blade is provided with multiple rod-shaped inserts fixed by deposition of fiber blankets, the inserts being constituted in one of its ends, specifically in the corresponding one to the final face of the root of the blade, by a threaded bush for coupling the blade by means of screws to the wind turbine hub.
  • the fixing of the rods to the root of the blade results from a great complication, usually producing wrinkles that weaken the area of union and that can cause delamination due to the strong dynamic loads that the joint must withstand, given the large dimensions they have the blades of the current wind turbines.
  • US Patent 2005/0106029 describes a method for manufacturing composite fiber material elements to be inserted in juxtaposition forming a circular crown at the root of the wind turbine blade, determining in one of its ends some fastening means - TO -
  • US Patent 2007/122283 describes a root of a wind turbine blade that determines through holes transverse to the longitudinal axis of the blade in which transverse pins are inserted provided with through holes for fastening the blade to the flange.
  • the PCT WO 2007/073735 describes a method of manufacturing a shovel with fully molded rod ends at its root to make a direct or indirect connection with the flange of the wind turbine hub, by using a leveling element of said bushings that guarantees Ia fullness of the root of the blade.
  • PCT WO 2006/070171 describes a method of manufacturing the inserts of the root of the blade of a wind turbine that uses guiding means to align the inserts with each other and with respect to the mold of the root of the blade, to subsequently mold the set by vacuum resin transfer.
  • the PCT WO 01/42647 describes a wind turbine whose hub and blades are joined by means of screws inserted in holes made in the root of the wind turbine blade.
  • the holes made in the root of the blade weaken its structure and provide a concentration of stress, so it is necessary to provide greater strength to this part of the blade, which makes it heavier and increases stress in the joint .
  • PCT WO 2004/110862 describes a method of manufacturing the root of a wind turbine blade in an aerodynamic way for the coupling of the blade to the wind turbine hub, determining, said blade root, inserted threaded bushings that determine a first portion and an extensible portion of incremental flexibility in the direction of the outside of the first portion, to screw in them some screws securing the bushing, providing a light blade of high force.
  • European Patent EP 1 398 499 describes a wind turbine blade that for its coupling to the hub determines at its root some holes as cells in which transverse pins are inserted to which the metal flange of the bushing is screwed, forming two crowns clamping circular.
  • US Patent 5 660 527 describes a method and structure for transferring the loads in the joint between the blade and the hub of a wind turbine.
  • Said structure comprises two or more annular rings in contact with the inner surface of the root of the blade and with the outer surface of the spindle of the bushing that are joined by adhesives.
  • a rigid element that acts as a link between the blade inserts and also serves as an interface with the wind turbine; avoiding on the one hand the deformation of the blade root, which can hinder the assembly operations of the blade in the wind turbine and on the other hand guaranteeing the geometric tolerances of the blade interface, which directly affect the quality of the joint screwed shovel-bushing or shovel-bearing.
  • the inserts are cohesive to the rigid element, said cohesion can be carried out by means of threading, adhesive, trimming or any other technique, said rigid element being subsequently fixed, which from now on we will call a flat, with the inserts to the rest of the blade.
  • the fixation between the inserts-flat assembly and the rest of the blade is well done by machining holes in the blade root, in accordance with the position of the inserts, joining the inserts-flat assembly to the blade by means of adhesive; or by laminating the fiber on the own inserts-flat assembly.
  • the structural rigidity provided by the insert-flat assembly to the joint ensures that the inserts work in a cohesive manner, distributing the loads properly between the screws or bolts of the blade-wind turbine connection and ensuring that, in case any of the connecting elements (screw, bolt or insert) lose their functionality, the loads that were transmitted through said element are redistributed and shared among a greater number of joining elements than in conventional solutions; reducing in this way the possibility of a chain failure of the wind turbine blade elements.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective of the root of a wind turbine blade provided with an insert-flat according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section of the root of a wind turbine blade provided with an insert-flat assembly, taken along the line Vl-Vl of Figure 1.
  • the embodiment shown in the drawing corresponds to a root (3) of wind turbine blade, tubular in shape, incorporating a flat
  • inserts (2) integrated for connection with the blade bearing or the wind turbine bushing.
  • the flat (1) provided with inserts (2) object of the invention is placed at the end of the root (3) of the wind turbine blade forming a flat face or surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the blade.
  • the inserts (2) determine a section in the form of a hollow revolution solid (2.1) by adding at the other end a threaded appendix (2.3) for connection to the flat (1) provided with threaded holes; leaving the inserts (2) embedded in it without protruding from its free face (1.2).
  • the insert (2) includes an internal section (2.2) threaded that is protected by plugs (not shown) until the moment of assembly.
  • the manufacturing process of the blade root (3) according to the invention begins with the " placement of the inserts (2) by threading, adhesive, strapping or any other technique, in the rigid element, flat
  • the insert-chapon assembly is fixed to the fiber, so that two different manufacturing processes can be used depending on whether or not the blade has been previously laminated;

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for stiffening the blade root (3) of a wind turbine which includes a stiff element (1) to which a series of inserts (2) are bonded, the stiff element providing an interface for joining the blade and the wind turbine.

Description

RIGIDIZACION DE LA RAIZ DE PALA DE UN AEROGENERADOR RIGIDIZATION OF THE AEROGENERATOR'S PALA ROOT
Campo de Ia invención.Field of the invention.
La presente invención está relacionada con Ia fabricación de Ia raíz deThe present invention is related to the manufacture of the root of
Ia pala de un aerogenerador y más concretamente con su rigidización proponiendo una solución que incorpora un elemento rígido cohesionado a los insertos formando un conjunto que se une al aerogenerador y que aporta una mayor rigidez estructural a Ia vez que mejora notablemente las tolerancias de fabricación de Ia interfaz de pala, asegura Ia repetitividad del proceso y facilita las tareas de montaje de Ia pala.Ia blade of a wind turbine and more specifically with its stiffening proposing a solution that incorporates a rigid element cohesive to the inserts forming a set that joins the wind turbine and provides greater structural rigidity while significantly improving manufacturing tolerances of Ia blade interface, ensures the repetitiveness of the process and facilitates the assembly tasks of the blade.
Antecedentes de Ia invención.Background of the invention.
Los componentes estructurales de las palas de los aerogeneradores han de estar diseñados para soportar las tensiones derivadas de sus condiciones de trabajo continuo, siendo deseable que tengan el menor peso posible. Es por esto que se vienen utilizando materiales compuestos para su fabricación.The structural components of the wind turbine blades must be designed to withstand the stresses derived from their continuous working conditions, being desirable that they have the lowest possible weight. This is why composite materials are being used for their manufacture.
Generalmente Ia pala de un aerogenerador está constituida por una viga estructural, una concha superior o extradós y una concha inferior o intradós, estando Ia viga estructural formada por un primer cuerpo ó cuerpo- raíz y un segundo cuerpo o cuerpo-tronco.Generally the blade of a wind turbine is constituted by a structural beam, an upper shell or extrados and a lower shell or intrados, the structural beam being formed by a first body or body-root and a second body or body-trunk.
El cuerpo-raíz está formado por una primera parte de forma cilindrica, una segunda parte de transición y una tercera parte con forma de cajón, mientras que el cuerpo-tronco tiene forma de cajón con una sección decreciente hacia Ia punta de Ia pala, teniendo que soportar su cara superior, que está en contacto con el extradós, y su cara inferior, que está en contacto con el intradós, tensiones superiores a sus caras laterales durante Ia vida útil de Ia pala.The root body is formed by a first part of cylindrical shape, a second transition part and a third part with a drawer shape, while the trunk body is shaped like a drawer with a decreasing section towards the tip of the blade, having to support its upper face, which is in contact with the extrados, and its lower face, which is in contact with the intrados, tensions higher than its lateral faces during the life of the blade.
La fabricación de cada una de estas piezas de Ia pala del aerogenerador se realiza mediante moldeo y se basa en Ia utilización de mantas de fibra, que pueden estar impregnadas en resina, que se enrollan sobre un mandril o molde, obteniéndose las diferentes piezas de Ia pala que tras el curado serán ensambladas entre sí.The manufacture of each of these pieces of the blade of the Wind turbine is carried out by molding and is based on the use of fiber blankets, which can be impregnated in resin, which are wound on a mandrel or mold, obtaining the different parts of the blade that after curing will be assembled together.
Para Ia fabricación de Ia raíz de Ia pala y en conexión con el proceso de moldeo, se disponen un número de casquillos o insertos en Ia raíz de Ia pala que posteriormente se utilizarán para unir Ia pala con el buje del aerogenerador mediante tornillos o pernos.For the manufacture of the root of the blade and in connection with the molding process, a number of bushings or inserts are arranged in the root of the blade that will subsequently be used to join the blade with the wind turbine bushing by means of screws or bolts.
Para poder garantizar el montaje de Ia pala en el aerogenerador es necesario que los casquillos estén posicionados en concordancia con los puntos de conexión al aerogenerador, debiendo ser además perpendiculares al plano de interfaz entre pala y aerogenerador.In order to guarantee the assembly of the blade in the wind turbine it is necessary that the bushings are positioned in accordance with the connection points to the wind turbine, and must also be perpendicular to the plane of interface between the blade and wind turbine.
Adicionalmente, los extremos libres de los casquillos deben estar ubicados en un mismo plano para garantizar una correcta distribución de Ia carga entre los diferentes tornillos o pernos de unión pala-aerogenerador y, en consecuencia, una óptima transmisión de los esfuerzos.Additionally, the free ends of the bushings must be located in the same plane to guarantee a correct distribution of the load between the different screws or bolts of the wind turbine connection and, consequently, an optimal transmission of the forces.
En el caso de que los extremos de los casquillos no fueran coplanarios, algunos de estos casquillos no estarían en contacto con Ia interfaz del aerogenerador una vez ensamblada Ia pala. La consecuencia directa de ello es una tasa de rigidez inadecuada en Ia unión. Es decir: Ia relación entre Ia carga que se transmite por el tornillo y Ia carga que se transmite por Ia brida no es Ia esperada; Io cual afecta a Ia vida a fatiga de los tornillos o pernos de unión de Ia pala con el aerogenerador.In the event that the ends of the bushings were not coplanar, some of these bushings would not be in contact with the wind turbine interface once the blade was assembled. The direct consequence of this is an inadequate stiffness rate in the joint. That is to say: the relation between the load that is transmitted by the screw and the load that is transmitted by the flange is not the expected one; Which affects the fatigue life of the screws or bolts joining the blade with the wind turbine.
A pesar de que se conocen herramientas para controlar Ia posición de los casquillos durante el proceso de fabricación de Ia pala del aerogenerador, durante el curado de Ia fibra, Ia pala se deforma por falta de rigidez, ovalándose dentro del plano de interfaz e incluso retorciéndose fuera de dicho plano. Dichas deformaciones se producen tanto por efecto del peso propio de Ia pala, como por las contracciones de Ia pala intrínsecas al proceso de curado de Ia fibra. Debido a estas deformaciones, es prácticamente imposible predecir el grado de desviación que llegarán a presentar los casquillos en el ensamblaje de Ia pala.Although tools are known to control the position of the bushings during the manufacturing process of the wind turbine blade, during the curing of the fiber, the blade is deformed by lack of rigidity, ovaling within the interface plane and even twisting out of that plane. Said deformations are produced both by the effect of the blade's own weight, and by the contractions of the blade intrinsic to the fiber curing process. Due to these deformations, it is It is practically impossible to predict the degree of deviation that the bushings will present in the assembly of the blade.
El PCT WO 2007/010064 describe un método de fabricación de Ia raíz de una pala mediante Ia compilación de fibras y resinas por vacío, para su posterior curado y desmoldeo. La cara de Ia pala adosable al buje es taladrada y en los agujeros se pegan unos insertos con una máquina de precisión. El problema que se plantea con este método de fabricación es que en el curado Ia pala puede ovalarse y en consecuencia los agujeros determinarán una desviación con respecto a su posición teórica. Este hecho exige una mayor cantidad de fibra laminada en Ia base de Ia pala para dotar de un mayor grosor en Ia zona de taladrado de los agujeros en caso de deformación.The PCT WO 2007/010064 describes a method of manufacturing the root of a blade by means of the compilation of fibers and resins by vacuum, for later curing and demolding. The face of the blade attached to the bushing is drilled and holes are inserted in the holes with a precision machine. The problem that arises with this method of manufacturing is that in curing the blade can be oval and consequently the holes will determine a deviation from its theoretical position. This fact requires a greater amount of fiber laminated in the base of the blade to provide a greater thickness in the area of drilling of the holes in case of deformation.
Por otro lado, se conocen diferentes soluciones tanto de uniones entreOn the other hand, different solutions are known both of unions between
Ia pala y el buje del aerogenerador como de soluciones de fabricación de Ia parte de Ia raíz de Ia pala que intentan solucionar esta problemática, que se detallan a continuación;The blade and the wind turbine hub as manufacturing solutions of the part of the root of the blade that attempt to solve this problem, which are detailed below;
La Patente US 4 915 590 describe un método de unión entre Ia raíz deUS Patent 4 915 590 describes a method of joining between the root of
Ia pala y el buje de un aerogenerador en el que Ia pared de Ia raíz de Ia pala está provista de múltiples insertos en forma de varilla fijados por deposición de mantas de fibra, estando los insertos constituidos en uno de sus finales, concretamente en el correspondiente a Ia cara final de Ia raíz de Ia pala, por un casquillo roscado para el acoplamiento de Ia pala mediante tornillos al buje del aerogenerador. La fijación de las varillas a Ia raíz de Ia pala resulta de una gran complicación, produciéndose habitualmente arrugas que debilitan Ia zona de unión y que pueden causar una delaminación debida a las fuertes cargas dinámicas que debe soportar Ia unión, dadas las grandes dimensiones que presentan las palas de los aerogeneradores actuales.The blade and the hub of a wind turbine in which the wall of the root of the blade is provided with multiple rod-shaped inserts fixed by deposition of fiber blankets, the inserts being constituted in one of its ends, specifically in the corresponding one to the final face of the root of the blade, by a threaded bush for coupling the blade by means of screws to the wind turbine hub. The fixing of the rods to the root of the blade results from a great complication, usually producing wrinkles that weaken the area of union and that can cause delamination due to the strong dynamic loads that the joint must withstand, given the large dimensions they have the blades of the current wind turbines.
La Patente US 2005/0106029 describe un método para fabricar elementos de material de fibra de composite para ser insertados en yuxtaposición formando una corona circular en Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador, determinando en uno de sus finales unos medios de sujeción - A -US Patent 2005/0106029 describes a method for manufacturing composite fiber material elements to be inserted in juxtaposition forming a circular crown at the root of the wind turbine blade, determining in one of its ends some fastening means - TO -
para el acoplamiento entre Ia raíz de Ia pala y el reborde metálico del buje del aerogenerador.for the coupling between the root of the blade and the metal flange of the wind turbine hub.
La Patente US 2007/122283 describe una raíz de una pala de un aerogenerador que determina unos agujeros pasantes en sentido transversal al eje longitudinal de Ia pala en los que se insertan unos pasadores transversales provistos de unos agujeros pasantes para Ia sujeción de Ia pala al reborde metálico del buje mediante tornillos.US Patent 2007/122283 describes a root of a wind turbine blade that determines through holes transverse to the longitudinal axis of the blade in which transverse pins are inserted provided with through holes for fastening the blade to the flange. Metallic bushing by screws.
El PCT WO 2007/073735 describe un método de fabricación de una pala con caequillos moldeados íntegramente en su raíz para realizar una conexión directa o indirecta con el reborde del buje del aerogenerador, mediante Ia utilización de un elemento de nivelación de dichos casquillos que garantiza Ia plenitud de Ia raíz de Ia pala.The PCT WO 2007/073735 describes a method of manufacturing a shovel with fully molded rod ends at its root to make a direct or indirect connection with the flange of the wind turbine hub, by using a leveling element of said bushings that guarantees Ia fullness of the root of the blade.
El PCT WO 2006/070171 describe un método de fabricación de los insertos de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador que utiliza unos medios de guiado para alinear los insertos entre sí y respecto del molde de Ia raíz de Ia pala, para posteriormente moldear el conjunto mediante transferencia de resina al vacío.PCT WO 2006/070171 describes a method of manufacturing the inserts of the root of the blade of a wind turbine that uses guiding means to align the inserts with each other and with respect to the mold of the root of the blade, to subsequently mold the set by vacuum resin transfer.
El PCT WO 01/42647 describe un aerogenerador cuyo buje y palas se encuentran unidos mediante unos tornillos insertados en unos agujeros practicados en Ia raíz de Ia pala del aerogenerador. Los agujeros practicados en Ia raíz de Ia pala debilitan su estructura y proporcionan una concentración de estrés, por Io que se hace necesario dotar de una mayor robustez a esta parte de Ia pala, Io que Ia hace más pesada y aumenta el estrés en Ia unión.The PCT WO 01/42647 describes a wind turbine whose hub and blades are joined by means of screws inserted in holes made in the root of the wind turbine blade. The holes made in the root of the blade weaken its structure and provide a concentration of stress, so it is necessary to provide greater strength to this part of the blade, which makes it heavier and increases stress in the joint .
El PCT WO 2004/110862 describe un método de fabricación de Ia raíz de una pala de un aerogenerador de forma aerodinámica para el acoplamiento de Ia pala al buje del aerogenerador, determinando, dicha raíz de pala, unos casquillos roscados insertados que determinan una primera porción y una porción extensible de flexibilidad incremental en dirección al exterior de Ia primera porción, para atornillar en ellos unos tornillos de sujeción al buje, proporcionando una pala ligera de fuerza elevada. La Patente Europea EP 1 398 499 describe una pala de aerogenerador que para su acoplamiento al buje determina en su raíz unos huecos a modo de celdas en los que se insertan unos pasadores transversales a los que se atornilla el reborde metálico del buje, formando dos coronas circulares de sujeción.PCT WO 2004/110862 describes a method of manufacturing the root of a wind turbine blade in an aerodynamic way for the coupling of the blade to the wind turbine hub, determining, said blade root, inserted threaded bushings that determine a first portion and an extensible portion of incremental flexibility in the direction of the outside of the first portion, to screw in them some screws securing the bushing, providing a light blade of high force. European Patent EP 1 398 499 describes a wind turbine blade that for its coupling to the hub determines at its root some holes as cells in which transverse pins are inserted to which the metal flange of the bushing is screwed, forming two crowns clamping circular.
La Patente US 5 660 527 describe un método y una estructura para transferir las cargas en Ia unión entre Ia pala y el buje de un aerogenerador. Dicha estructura comprende dos o más anillos anulares en contacto con Ia superficie interna de Ia raíz de Ia pala y con Ia superficie externa del husillo del buje que se unen mediante adhesivos.US Patent 5 660 527 describes a method and structure for transferring the loads in the joint between the blade and the hub of a wind turbine. Said structure comprises two or more annular rings in contact with the inner surface of the root of the blade and with the outer surface of the spindle of the bushing that are joined by adhesives.
Descripción de Ia invención.Description of the invention.
De acuerdo con Ia presente invención, se propone Ia utilización de un elemento rígido que haga de vínculo entre los insertos de pala y sirva a su vez de interfaz de unión con el aerogenerador; evitando por un lado Ia deformación de Ia raíz de pala, Ia cual puede dificultar las operaciones de ensamblaje de Ia pala en el aerogenerador y garantizando por otro lado las tolerancias geométricas de Ia interfaz de pala, las cuales afectan directamente a Ia calidad de Ia unión atornillada pala-buje o pala-rodamiento.In accordance with the present invention, it is proposed the use of a rigid element that acts as a link between the blade inserts and also serves as an interface with the wind turbine; avoiding on the one hand the deformation of the blade root, which can hinder the assembly operations of the blade in the wind turbine and on the other hand guaranteeing the geometric tolerances of the blade interface, which directly affect the quality of the joint screwed shovel-bushing or shovel-bearing.
Los insertos se cohesionan al elemento rígido pudiendo realizarse dicha cohesión mediante roscado, adhesivado, zunchado o cualquier otra técnica, fijándose posteriormente dicho elemento rígido, que a partir de ahora denominaremos chapón, con los insertos al resto de Ia pala.The inserts are cohesive to the rigid element, said cohesion can be carried out by means of threading, adhesive, trimming or any other technique, said rigid element being subsequently fixed, which from now on we will call a flat, with the inserts to the rest of the blade.
La fijación entre el conjunto insertos-chapón y el resto de Ia pala se realiza bien mediante el mecanizado de unos orificios en Ia raíz de pala, en concordancia con Ia posición de los insertos, uniéndose el conjunto insertos- chapón a Ia pala mediante adhesivo; o bien laminando Ia fibra sobre el propio conjunto insertos-chapón.The fixation between the inserts-flat assembly and the rest of the blade is well done by machining holes in the blade root, in accordance with the position of the inserts, joining the inserts-flat assembly to the blade by means of adhesive; or by laminating the fiber on the own inserts-flat assembly.
De esta forma, se evitan los posibles problemas de montaje derivados de Ia falta de perpendicularidad de los insertos con respecto al plano de interfaz pala-aerogenerador y del posicionamiento de los insertos en relación a los correspondientes puntos de unión al aerogenerador; garantizándose además Ia planicidad del plano de interfaz pala-aerogenerador, Io cual redunda en una distribución óptima de Ia carga entre los diferentes tornillos o pernos de Ia unión.In this way, possible derivative assembly problems are avoided of the lack of perpendicularity of the inserts with respect to the blade-wind turbine interface plane and of the positioning of the inserts in relation to the corresponding points of attachment to the wind turbine; The flatness of the blade-wind turbine interface plane is also guaranteed, which results in an optimal distribution of the load between the different screws or bolts of the joint.
Por otro lado, Ia rigidez estructural que aporta el conjunto inserto- chapón a Ia unión garantiza que los insertos trabajen de forma cohesionada, distribuyendo las cargas adecuadamente entre los tornillos o pernos de unión pala-aerogenerador y asegurando que, en caso de que alguno de los elementos de unión (tornillo, perno o inserto) pierda su funcionalidad, las cargas que se transmitían a través de dicho elemento sean redistribuidas y compartidas entre un mayor número de elementos de unión que en las soluciones convencionales; reduciéndose de este modo Ia posibilidad de un fallo en cadena de los elementos de unión pala-aerogenerador.On the other hand, the structural rigidity provided by the insert-flat assembly to the joint ensures that the inserts work in a cohesive manner, distributing the loads properly between the screws or bolts of the blade-wind turbine connection and ensuring that, in case any of the connecting elements (screw, bolt or insert) lose their functionality, the loads that were transmitted through said element are redistributed and shared among a greater number of joining elements than in conventional solutions; reducing in this way the possibility of a chain failure of the wind turbine blade elements.
Breve descripción de los dibujos.Brief description of the drawings.
La figura 1 muestra una perspectiva de Ia raíz de una pala de aerogenerador provista de un inserto-chapón según Ia invención.Figure 1 shows a perspective of the root of a wind turbine blade provided with an insert-flat according to the invention.
La figura 2 muestra una sección transversal de Ia raíz de una pala de aerogenerador provista de un conjunto inserto-chapón, tomada según Ia línea de corte Vl-Vl de Ia figura 1.Figure 2 shows a cross section of the root of a wind turbine blade provided with an insert-flat assembly, taken along the line Vl-Vl of Figure 1.
Descripción de una realización preferencial.Description of a preferred embodiment.
El ejemplo de realización representado en el dibujo corresponde a una raíz (3) de pala de aerogenerador, de forma tubular, que incorpora un chapónThe embodiment shown in the drawing corresponds to a root (3) of wind turbine blade, tubular in shape, incorporating a flat
(1) con insertos (2) integrados para su conexión con el rodamiento de Ia pala o el buje del aerogenerador.(1) with inserts (2) integrated for connection with the blade bearing or the wind turbine bushing.
Tal y como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 2, el chapón (1) provisto de insertos (2) objeto de Ia invención, queda colocado en el extremo de Ia raíz (3) de pala del aerogenerador formando una cara o superficie plana perpendicular al eje de giro de Ia pala.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the flat (1) provided with inserts (2) object of the invention, is placed at the end of the root (3) of the wind turbine blade forming a flat face or surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the blade.
Según puede apreciarse en Ia figura 2, los insertos (2) determinan un tramo en forma de sólido de revolución hueco (2.1) añadiendo por el otro extremo un apéndice roscado (2.3) para su conexión al chapón (1) provisto de agujeros roscados; quedando los insertos (2) embebidos en el mismo sin sobresalir por su cara libre (1.2).As can be seen in Figure 2, the inserts (2) determine a section in the form of a hollow revolution solid (2.1) by adding at the other end a threaded appendix (2.3) for connection to the flat (1) provided with threaded holes; leaving the inserts (2) embedded in it without protruding from its free face (1.2).
Por otro lado, el inserto (2) incluye un tramo interno (2.2) roscado que se protege mediante tapones (no representados) hasta el momento del montaje.On the other hand, the insert (2) includes an internal section (2.2) threaded that is protected by plugs (not shown) until the moment of assembly.
El proceso de fabricación de Ia raíz (3) de pala según Ia invención comienza con Ia " colocación de los insertos (2) mediante roscado, adhesivado, zunchado o cualquier otra técnica, en el elemento rígido, chapónThe manufacturing process of the blade root (3) according to the invention begins with the " placement of the inserts (2) by threading, adhesive, strapping or any other technique, in the rigid element, flat
(1)-(one)-
A continuación se procede a Ia fijación del conjunto inserto-chapón a Ia fibra, para Io que se pueden emplear dos procesos de fabricación diferentes en función de si Ia pala ha sido o no laminada previamente;Next, the insert-chapon assembly is fixed to the fiber, so that two different manufacturing processes can be used depending on whether or not the blade has been previously laminated;
a) Cuando Ia pala no ha sido previamente laminada, se colocan entre los insertos una serie de elementos de fibra ya curada o de algún otro material (pultrusiones), para asegurar Ia transmisión de cargas entre Ia fibra y los casquillos, y se lamina Ia pala a continuación sobre el conjunto chapón- insertos-pultrusiones.a) When the blade has not been previously laminated, a series of elements of already cured fiber or some other material (pultrusions) are placed between the inserts, to ensure the transmission of loads between the fiber and the bushings, and the sheet is laminated shovel then on the set chapon-inserts-pultrusions.
b) Cuando Ia pala ha sido previamente laminada, se mecaniza en el extremo de Ia raíz de Ia pala ya laminada una serie de agujeros en concordancia con los insertos del conjunto insertos-chapón y se fija el conjunto insertos-chapón al resto de Ia pala mediante adhesivo.b) When the blade has been previously laminated, a series of holes are machined at the end of the root of the already laminated blade in accordance with the inserts of the inserts-flat assembly and the inserts-flat assembly is fixed to the rest of the blade by adhesive.
Una vez fijado el conjunto insertos-chapón al resto de Ia pala, el resultado es una raíz de pala suficientemente rígida como para evitar que Ia interfaz de pala se deforme durante el transporte, manipulación y montaje en campo, facilitando así las tareas de ensamblaje en el aerogenerador; y que contribuye además a Ia mejora de Ia calidad de Ia unión atornillada pala- aerogenerador; mejorando el reparto de cargas entre tornillos o pernos y reduciendo el riesgo de un fallo en cadena de Ia unión atornillada pala- aerogenerador. Once the inserts-flat assembly is fixed to the rest of the blade, the result is a blade root rigid enough to prevent the Shovel interface is deformed during transport, handling and field assembly, thus facilitating assembly tasks in the wind turbine; and which also contributes to the improvement of the quality of the screw-blade-wind turbine joint; improving the distribution of loads between screws or bolts and reducing the risk of a chain failure of the screw-blade-wind turbine joint.

Claims

Reivindicaciones. Claims
1.- Rigjdización de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador, del tipo que incorpora unos insertos como punto de unión con los rodamientos o el buje del aerogenerador, caracterizado porque se incorpora en Ia raíz (3) de Ia pala un elemento rígido (1) que cohesiona los insertos (2) actuando el conjunto como interfaz de unión entre Ia pala y el aerogenerador.1.- Rigjdización of the root of the blade of a wind turbine, of the type that incorporates inserts as a point of union with the bearings or the hub of the wind turbine, characterized in that a rigid element is incorporated in the root (3) of the blade (3). 1) that cohes the inserts (2) acting as a joint interface between the blade and the wind turbine.
2.- Rigidización de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador, según Ia primera, caracterizado porque Ia cohesión de los insertos (2) al elemento rígido (1) se realiza mediante roscado, pegado, zunchado o cualquier otra técnica conocida.2.- Rigidization of the root of the blade of a wind turbine, according to the first, characterized in that the cohesion of the inserts (2) to the rigid element (1) is carried out by means of threading, gluing, trimming or any other known technique.
3.- Rigidización de Ia raíz de pala de un aerogenerador, según Ia primera reivindicación, caracterizado porque los insertos (2) determinan un tramo en forma de sólido de revolución hueco (2.1) , añadiendo un apéndice roscado (2.3) para su unión al elemento rígido (1).3. Rigidization of the blade root of a wind turbine, according to the first claim, characterized in that the inserts (2) determine a section in the form of a hollow revolution solid (2.1), adding a threaded appendix (2.3) for its attachment to the rigid element (1).
4.- Rigidización de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador, según Ia primera reivindicación, caracterizado porque el elemento rígido (1) es un anillo de metal que determina por una de sus caras una superficie (1.1) provista de unos agujeros roscados para Ia cohesión de unos insertos (2), mientras que Ia otra superficie (1.2) es lisa.4.- Rigidization of the root of the wind turbine blade, according to the first claim, characterized in that the rigid element (1) is a metal ring that determines on one of its faces a surface (1.1) provided with threaded holes for The cohesion of inserts (2), while the other surface (1.2) is smooth.
5.- Proceso de rigidización de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador caracterizado porque Ia fijación del conjunto insertos (2) -elemento rígido (1) a Ia fibra se realiza por mecanizado o por laminación.5.- Stiffening process of the root of the blade of a wind turbine characterized in that the fixation of the set of inserts (2) - rigid element (1) to the fiber is carried out by machining or by rolling.
6.- Proceso de rigidización de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador, según Ia quinta reivindicación, caracterizado porque cuando Ia pala está sin laminar, se forma Ia raíz de Ia pala laminando fibra sobre el conjunto elemento rígido (1) - insertos (2) - pultrusiones.6.- Process of stiffening the root of the blade of a wind turbine, according to the fifth claim, characterized in that when the blade is unlaminated, the root of the blade is formed by rolling fiber on the rigid element assembly (1) - inserts ( 2) - pultrusions.
7.- Proceso de rigidización de Ia raíz de Ia pala de un aerogenerador, según Ia quinta reivindicación, caracterizado porque cuando Ia pala ha sido previamente laminada, se mecanizan unos agujeros en Ia raíz (3) de dicha pala para el ensamblaje del conjunto elemento rígido (1) - insertos (2) mediante adhesivo . 7.- Stiffening process of the root of the wind turbine blade, according to the fifth claim, characterized in that when the blade has been Previously laminated, holes are machined in the root (3) of said blade for the assembly of the rigid element assembly (1) - inserts (2) by means of adhesive.
PCT/ES2010/000276 2009-06-23 2010-06-22 Stiffening the blade root of a wind turbine WO2010149806A1 (en)

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ESP200901478 2009-06-23
ES200901478A ES2353325B1 (en) 2009-06-23 2009-06-23 RIGIDIZATION OF THE PALA ROOT OF AN AEROGENERATOR.

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CN102808726A (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 通用电气公司 Systems and methods for assembling a wind turbine with a pitch assembly
EP2623769A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-07 LM Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade with a connection ring forming part of a blade root - to - hub connection
AT512432A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-08-15 Andritz Hydro Gmbh ROTOR WINGS FOR A TURBINE
US20130209257A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-08-15 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Blade for a Wind Turbine
EP2674612A1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-18 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Blade for a wind turbine
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ITMI20130449A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-09-26 Wilic Sarl SHOVEL ROUND OF AN AIR-CONVEYOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN AIR SPREADER'S STONE ROOT
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US9464622B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-10-11 General Electric Company Rotor blade assembly having a stiffening root insert
US9745956B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2017-08-29 General Electric Company Spar cap for a wind turbine rotor blade
US10046515B1 (en) 2017-03-30 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method of forming wind turbine rotor blade root portions
US10190571B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2019-01-29 General Electric Company Ring insert for a wind turbine rotor blade
US10626847B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2020-04-21 General Electric Company Method for manufacturing a wind turbine rotor blade root section with pultruded rods and associated wind turbine blade
US10677216B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2020-06-09 General Electric Company Wind turbine rotor blade components formed using pultruded rods
US11738530B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-08-29 General Electric Company Methods for manufacturing wind turbine rotor blade components

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US20130209257A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-08-15 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Blade for a Wind Turbine
US9523281B2 (en) * 2010-11-11 2016-12-20 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Blade for a wind turbine
CN102808726A (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 通用电气公司 Systems and methods for assembling a wind turbine with a pitch assembly
EP2530301A1 (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 General Electric Company Blade root stiffening element and method of mounting a blade having said root stiffening element
AT512432A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-08-15 Andritz Hydro Gmbh ROTOR WINGS FOR A TURBINE
AT512432B1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2016-06-15 Andritz Hydro Gmbh ROTOR WINGS FOR A TURBINE
EP2623769A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-07 LM Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade with a connection ring forming part of a blade root - to - hub connection
EP2674612A1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-18 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Blade for a wind turbine
US20170362945A1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2017-12-21 Alstom Renewable Technologies Blade for a Wind Turbine
WO2014076183A1 (en) 2012-11-14 2014-05-22 Xemc Darwind B.V. A method of manufacturing a blade element
CN104903571A (en) * 2012-11-14 2015-09-09 湘电达尔文有限责任公司 A method of manufacturing a blade element
US10273933B2 (en) 2013-03-25 2019-04-30 Windfin B.V. Wind turbine blade root and process for manufacturing a wind turbine blade root
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ITMI20130449A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-09-26 Wilic Sarl SHOVEL ROUND OF AN AIR-CONVEYOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN AIR SPREADER'S STONE ROOT
US9464622B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-10-11 General Electric Company Rotor blade assembly having a stiffening root insert
WO2015130162A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-09-03 Viventus Holding B.V. Bushing intended for connecting a blade root of a wind turbine blade directly or indirectly to a hub of a turbine
NL2012326C2 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-26 Viventus Holding B V BUS INTENDED FOR DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONNECTION OF A LEAF ROOT OF A WIND TURBINE TO A HUB OF A TURBINE.
US9745956B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2017-08-29 General Electric Company Spar cap for a wind turbine rotor blade
US10190571B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2019-01-29 General Electric Company Ring insert for a wind turbine rotor blade
US10626847B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2020-04-21 General Electric Company Method for manufacturing a wind turbine rotor blade root section with pultruded rods and associated wind turbine blade
US10046515B1 (en) 2017-03-30 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method of forming wind turbine rotor blade root portions
US10677216B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2020-06-09 General Electric Company Wind turbine rotor blade components formed using pultruded rods
US11738530B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-08-29 General Electric Company Methods for manufacturing wind turbine rotor blade components

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