WO2010145841A2 - Stator for an electric motor - Google Patents

Stator for an electric motor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010145841A2
WO2010145841A2 PCT/EP2010/003721 EP2010003721W WO2010145841A2 WO 2010145841 A2 WO2010145841 A2 WO 2010145841A2 EP 2010003721 W EP2010003721 W EP 2010003721W WO 2010145841 A2 WO2010145841 A2 WO 2010145841A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
winding
tooth
electric motor
yoke
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2010/003721
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2010145841A3 (en
Inventor
Jacek Junak
Grzegorz Ombach
Original Assignee
Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg
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Application filed by Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg filed Critical Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg
Publication of WO2010145841A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010145841A2/en
Publication of WO2010145841A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010145841A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/08—Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts
    • H02K15/095—Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts by laying conductors around salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stator for an electric motor, with a circumferential yoke and with an even number of stator teeth, which protrude radially from the yoke radially inwards, as well as with pole pockets which protrude at the inner tooth end of at least one stator tooth in the circumferential direction, and with arranged between the stator teeth Statornuten, are introduced into the stator windings in Nadelwickelclar.
  • An electric motor in particular an electronically commutated multi-pole three-phase motor, has a stator and a rotor, which is often referred to as an armature or rotor.
  • the stator typically includes a stator lamination stack composed of a plurality of individual laminations and having stator teeth with stator slots provided between these stator teeth. In the Statornuten the stator winding (wire turns of a winding wire) is introduced.
  • stator teeth are brought together in the circumferential yoke and have on Nuteinthtts districten tooth end (free end) on both sides in the circumferential direction facing tabs (pole pockets) on.
  • the stator teeth usually form very closely spaced circular segment-shaped pole shoes on the free ends opposite the yoke, which distribute the magnetic excitation field in a circle-segment-shaped manner onto the rotor (armature).
  • the stator winding is usually made of copper wires, which are guided around the stator teeth according to a predetermined winding scheme with a certain number of turns.
  • the winding or winding wire usually has a circular cross-section.
  • BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE The aim of every design of an electric motor is to keep losses occurring during engine operation - in particular electrical losses - as low as possible. For this purpose, it is desirable to make the proportion of copper formed by the winding wires of the stator winding in relation to the available groove area as large as possible.
  • the groove fill factor of the stator of an electric motor introduced for this purpose which is the ratio of the total winding cross-sectional area to the groove area, is always less than 100% in practice.
  • the stator teeth which are usually provided with insulation, are wound directly by means of the so-called needle winding technique.
  • a needle winding technique a needle having a nozzle disposed at right angles to the direction of movement moves in a reciprocating motion through the respective slot slot between adjacent stator teeth of the stator to place the wire in the desired position.
  • An advantage of the needle winding technique is that usually the needle carrier on which the wire guide nozzle is located is coupled to a CNC (computerized numerical control) coordinate system so that a spatial movement of the nozzle towards the stator is made possible.
  • a CNC computerized numerical control
  • the needle winding technology also makes it possible to produce a finished assembly, for example stator coils and their interconnection and contacting, on a single machine. It is also possible to wind on low Statorblechstapel Whyt (winding head heights) motor coils, which have a good fill factor.
  • a disadvantage of the needle winding technique is that between two adjacent stator teeth, a free space must remain, the size of which corresponds at least to the nozzle diameter of the needle. This nozzle diameter is about three times the diameter of the winding wire. The space between two adjacent stator teeth can thus not be completely filled.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a particularly wound by means of needle winding technology stator for an electric motor with high winding fill factor.
  • the stator according to the invention for an electric motor has a number of effective as a pole piece stator teeth, which protrude from a circumferential yoke radially inward.
  • Stator windings are introduced into stator slots formed between the stator teeth. While in the circumferential direction only every second stator tooth wound (single tooth winding) and nutein- on the (inner) tooth end is provided with both sides in the circumferential direction pointing (protruding) pole pieces, the remaining, so between the wound stator teeth arranged stator teeth are winding-free and free side latches.
  • the coil windings are preferably introduced into the stator slots after the needle winding process.
  • the beginning of the winding of the respective stator winding is expediently positioned within the respective stator slot on the groove base and there suitably in the gusset formed with the wound stator tooth.
  • the location or position of the winding end of the stator winding is on the groove entrance facing away from the yoke and there preferably provided the winding start diametrically opposite in the vicinity of the adjacent unwound stator tooth of the respective stator.
  • the stator is preferably twelve grooved and thus designed with twelve stator teeth. This twelve-slot stator is particularly suitable in a ten-pole, brushless electric motor (DC motor) used.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that can be increased from previously about 30% to 60% by the elimination of some of the pole pockets on the stator of an electric motor with single tooth winding in the needle winding process, the fill factor.
  • the single winding technique which produces practically the same motor power compared to the double-tooth winding, also has a comparatively low failure probability as a result of short-circuit faults between the phases of a conventional three-phase electric motor.
  • the increase in the fill factor in turn leads to an increased copper content and a reduced resistance in the engine.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electric motor according to the invention with a rotor and with a stator
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail II of Fig. 1 on a larger scale with a single tooth winding according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a brushless electric motor 1, in particular DC motor, as this is used in motor vehicles, for example, to support semi-automatic transmission or the like.
  • the electric motor 1 comprises a stator 2 which coaxially surrounds a rotor 4 seated on an axle or armature shaft 3.
  • the rotor 4 is constructed from a laminated core and has a number of permanent magnets 5 on the outer peripheral side on. Within the rotor 4 stacked individual sheets of the laminated core form a number of pockets 6 for receiving the permanent magnets 5.
  • the stator 2 which may also be made of a laminated core stacked with individual sheets, has a circumferential yoke 7 and an even number of stator teeth 8 with stator grooves 9 therebetween.
  • Each second stator tooth 8b carries a stator winding 10 while the intervening stator teeth 8a are unwound.
  • Fig. 1 The illustrated in Fig. 1 preferred electric motor 1 is occupied on the rotor side with ten permanent magnets 5 and thus represents a ten-pole electric motor 1 with twelve stator 9 and twelve stator teeth. Of these, six stator 8b are wound alternately and six stator teeth 8a unwound.
  • every second stator tooth 8b on the rotor 4 facing the inner tooth end 11 is provided with pole tabs 12. These stand in the circumferential direction 13 and point in the direction of each adjacent stator 9 only those stator teeth 8 b, which are provided with such pole pockets 12, carry the stator winding 10. The adjacent thereto stator teeth 8 a have no such pole tabs 12 on. Also, these stator teeth 8a are not wound. In other words, in the circumferential direction 13 of the stator 2, each second stator tooth 8a is both free of winding and pole-free.
  • the winding of the respective stator tooth 8b takes place with the so-called needle winding method.
  • a needle 14 is inserted into one of the two stator slot 9 adjacent to the wound stator tooth 8b, and the stator tooth 8b is wound by a correspondingly controlled movement of the needle 14.
  • the winding wire 15, which usually consists of copper emerges from a front nozzle 16 of the needle 14 and is wound around the respective stator tooth 8b in accordance with the illustrated winding diagram.
  • the winding or winding end indicated by the arrow 17b is located in the other stator slot 9 adjacent to the same stator tooth 8b and in this case practically diametrically opposite the beginning of the winding 17a.
  • the winding end 17b is thus located there, the corresponding Statornut 9 bounding, tab-free and unwound stator tooth 8a in the region of the groove inlet 20.
  • This winding end 17b can then in a manner not shown via grooves or slots in the region of the yoke 7 from the stator 2 led out and according to a particular interconnection, for example, in triangular or star connection, be connected to the other windings 10.
  • the access for the winding needle 14 to the respective stator groove 9 is sufficiently large to ensure that the needle 14 has the winding start 17a in the groove corner 18 between the wound stator tooth 8b and the one depositing adjacent stator 9, then perform the multi-layer winding and the coil end 17b in the region of the groove inlet 20 of the other adjacent stator 9 can lead out of this.
  • the fill factor in the stator 9 is increased compared to a conventional stator and can be greater than 50% in particular.

Abstract

The invention relates to an advantageously 12-slot stator (2) for a preferably 10-pole brushless electric motor (1) having an even number of stator teeth (8), which, starting from a yoke (7), protrude radially inward, and having pole plates (12), which protrude at the inner tooth end (11) of at least one stator tooth (8) in the circumferential direction (13), and further having stator grooves (9), which are located between the stator teeth (8) and into which stator windings (10) are introduced using a needle winding method. Every second stator tooth (8a) is free of windings in the circumferential direction (13) and free of pole plates at the groove entry-side tooth end (11).

Description

Beschreibung Stator für einen Elektromotor Description Stator for an electric motor
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Stator für einen Elektromotor, mit einem um- fangsseitigen Joch und mit einer geraden Anzahl von Statorzähnen, die ausgehend vom Joch radial nach Innen abstehen, sowie mit Pollaschen, die am inneren Zahnende mindestens eines Statorzahns in Umfangsrichtung abstehen, sowie mit zwischen den Statorzähnen angeordneten Statornuten, in die Statorwicklungen im Nadelwickelverfahren eingebracht sind.The invention relates to a stator for an electric motor, with a circumferential yoke and with an even number of stator teeth, which protrude radially from the yoke radially inwards, as well as with pole pockets which protrude at the inner tooth end of at least one stator tooth in the circumferential direction, and with arranged between the stator teeth Statornuten, are introduced into the stator windings in Nadelwickelverfahren.
Ein Elektromotor, insbesondere ein elektronisch kommutierter Vielpol-Drehstrommotor, weist einen Stator und einen häufig auch als Anker oder Läufer bezeichneten Rotor auf. Der Stator enthält in der Regel ein Statorblechpacket, das aus einer Vielzahl von einzelnen Blechen zusammengesetzt ist und Statorzähne mit zwischen diesen Statorzähnen vorgesehenen Statornuten aufweist. In die Statornuten ist die Statorwicklung (Drahtwindungen eines Wickeldrahtes) eingebracht.An electric motor, in particular an electronically commutated multi-pole three-phase motor, has a stator and a rotor, which is often referred to as an armature or rotor. The stator typically includes a stator lamination stack composed of a plurality of individual laminations and having stator teeth with stator slots provided between these stator teeth. In the Statornuten the stator winding (wire turns of a winding wire) is introduced.
Die radial verlaufenden Statorzähne sind im umfangsseitigen Joch zusammengeführt und weisen am nuteinthttsseitigen Zahnende (freiendseitig) beidseitig in Umfangsrichtung weisende Laschen (Pollaschen) auf. Dadurch bilden die Statorzähne an den dem Joch gegenüberliegenden Freienden üblicherweise sehr eng beieinanderliegende kreissegmentförmige Polschuhe aus, die das magnetische Erregerfeld entsprechend kreissegmentförmig auf den Rotor (Anker) verteilen.The radially extending stator teeth are brought together in the circumferential yoke and have on Nuteinthttsseitigen tooth end (free end) on both sides in the circumferential direction facing tabs (pole pockets) on. As a result, the stator teeth usually form very closely spaced circular segment-shaped pole shoes on the free ends opposite the yoke, which distribute the magnetic excitation field in a circle-segment-shaped manner onto the rotor (armature).
Die Statorwicklung besteht üblicherweise aus Kupferdrähten, die gemäß einem vorgegebenen Wickelschema mit einer bestimmten Anzahl von Windungen um die Statorzähne herum geführt sind. Der Windungs- bzw. Wicklungsdraht weist üblicherweise einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf. Im Betrieb des Motors wird die Statorwicklung von einem elektrischen Strom durchflössen, wobei die dadurch hervorgerufene elektromagnetische Wechselwirkung mit dem Rotor ein Drehmoment erzeugt.The stator winding is usually made of copper wires, which are guided around the stator teeth according to a predetermined winding scheme with a certain number of turns. The winding or winding wire usually has a circular cross-section. During operation of the motor, the stator winding is flowed through by an electric current, the resulting electromagnetic interaction with the rotor generating a torque.
BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE Ziel jeder Auslegung eines Elektromotors ist es, im motorischen Betrieb entstehende - insbesondere elektrische - Verluste möglichst gering zu halten. Zu diesem Zweck ist es wünschenswert, den Anteil des durch die Wicklungsdrähte der Statorwicklung gebildeten Kupfers im Verhältnis zu der zur Verfügung stehenden Nutfläche möglichst groß zu gestalten. Der hierzu eingeführte Nutfüllfaktor des Stators eines Elektromotors, bei welchem es sich um das Verhältnis der gesamten Wicklungsquerschnittsfläche zur Nutfläche handelt, ist in der Praxis stets kleiner als 100%.BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE The aim of every design of an electric motor is to keep losses occurring during engine operation - in particular electrical losses - as low as possible. For this purpose, it is desirable to make the proportion of copper formed by the winding wires of the stator winding in relation to the available groove area as large as possible. The groove fill factor of the stator of an electric motor introduced for this purpose, which is the ratio of the total winding cross-sectional area to the groove area, is always less than 100% in practice.
Um eng beieinanderliegende Polschuhe von Elektromotoren effizient zu bewickeln, werden die üblicherweise mit einer Isolation versehenen Statorzähne direkt mittels der sogenannten Nadelwickeltechnik bewickelt. Bei der Nadelwickeltechnik verfährt eine Nadel mit einer Düse, die rechtwinklig zur Bewegungsrichtung angeordnet ist, in einer Hubbewegung durch den jeweiligen Nutschlitz zwischen benachbarten Statorzähnen des Stators vorbei, um den Draht an die gewünschte Stelle (Position) zu legen. Mit dieser Wickeltechnik kann ein gewünschter Lagenaufbau realisiert werden, bei dem zur Erzielung eines möglichst hohen Füllfaktors bei Verwendung kreisrunder Wicklungsdrähte die Wicklung einer Oberwicklung in die Täler einer darunterliegenden Unterwicklung abgelegt werden, so dass sich bei drei runden Wicklungsdrähten ein kleinstmöglicher Raumbedarf unter einer 60°-Anordnung ergibt.In order to efficiently wound closely spaced pole shoes of electric motors, the stator teeth, which are usually provided with insulation, are wound directly by means of the so-called needle winding technique. In the needle winding technique, a needle having a nozzle disposed at right angles to the direction of movement moves in a reciprocating motion through the respective slot slot between adjacent stator teeth of the stator to place the wire in the desired position. With this winding technique, a desired layer structure can be realized in which to achieve the highest possible fill factor when using circular winding wires, the winding of an upper winding in the valleys of an underlying lower winding are stored, so that in three round winding wires smallest possible space requirement below 60 ° - Arrangement results.
Vorteilhaft bei der Nadelwickeltechnik ist, dass in der Regel der Nadelträger, an der sich die Drahtführungsdüse befindet, an ein CNC (computerised numerical control) Koordinatensystem gekoppelt ist, so dass ein räumliches Verfahren der Düse zum Stator hin ermöglicht ist. Hierbei ist zusätzlich zu der normalen Hubbewegung und der Rotation des Stators auch eine Verlegebewegung durchführbar. Die Nadelwickeltechnik ermöglicht es zudem, eine fertige Baugruppe, zum Beispiel Statorspulen sowie deren Verschaltung und Kontaktierung, auf einer einzigen Maschine herzustellen. Dabei ist es auch möglich, auf geringe Statorblechstapelhöhen (Wickelkopfhöhen) Motorspulen zu wickeln, die einen guten Füllfaktor besitzen. Nachteilig bei der Nadelwickeltechnik ist jedoch, dass zwischen zwei benachbarten Statorzähnen ein Freiraum verbleiben muss, dessen Größe mindestens dem Düsendurchmesser der Nadel entspricht. Dieser Düsendurchmesser beträt etwa das dreifache des Durchmessers des Wickeldrahtes. Der Raum zwischen zwei benachbarten Statorzähnen kann somit nicht vollständig verfüllt werden.An advantage of the needle winding technique is that usually the needle carrier on which the wire guide nozzle is located is coupled to a CNC (computerized numerical control) coordinate system so that a spatial movement of the nozzle towards the stator is made possible. Here, in addition to the normal lifting movement and the rotation of the stator and a laying movement can be performed. The needle winding technology also makes it possible to produce a finished assembly, for example stator coils and their interconnection and contacting, on a single machine. It is also possible to wind on low Statorblechstapelhöhen (winding head heights) motor coils, which have a good fill factor. A disadvantage of the needle winding technique, however, is that between two adjacent stator teeth, a free space must remain, the size of which corresponds at least to the nozzle diameter of the needle. This nozzle diameter is about three times the diameter of the winding wire. The space between two adjacent stator teeth can thus not be completely filled.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen insbesondere auch mittels der Nadelwickeltechnik bewickelbaren Stator für einen Elektromotor mit hohem Wickelfüllfaktor anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a particularly wound by means of needle winding technology stator for an electric motor with high winding fill factor.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments and refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.
Der erfindungsgemäße Stator für einen Elektromotor weist eine Anzahl von als Polschuh wirksamen Statorzähnen auf, die ausgehen von einem umfangsseitigen Joch radial nach Innen abstehen. In zwischen den Statorzähnen gebildeten Statornuten sind Statorwicklungen eingebracht. Während in Umfangsrichtung lediglich jeder zweite Statorzahn bewickelt (Einzelzahnwicklung) und am nutein- trittsseitigen (inneren) Zahnende mit beidseitig in Umfangsrichtung weisenden (abstehenden) Pollaschen versehen ist, sind die verbleibenden, also zwischen den bewickelten Statorzähnen angeordneten Statorzähne wicklungsfreie und frei- endseitig laschenfrei. Die Spulenwicklungen sind vorzugsweise nach dem Nadelwickelverfahren in die Statornuten eingebracht.The stator according to the invention for an electric motor has a number of effective as a pole piece stator teeth, which protrude from a circumferential yoke radially inward. Stator windings are introduced into stator slots formed between the stator teeth. While in the circumferential direction only every second stator tooth wound (single tooth winding) and nutein- on the (inner) tooth end is provided with both sides in the circumferential direction pointing (protruding) pole pieces, the remaining, so between the wound stator teeth arranged stator teeth are winding-free and free side latches. The coil windings are preferably introduced into the stator slots after the needle winding process.
Der Wicklungsanfang der jeweiligen Statorwicklung ist zweckmäßigerweise innerhalb der jeweiligen Statornut am Nutboden und dort geeigneterweise im mit dem bewickelten Statorzahn gebildeten Zwickel positioniert. Die Lagestelle oder Position des Wicklungsendes der Statorwicklung ist am dem Joch abgewandten Nuteintritt und dort vorzugsweise dem Wicklungsanfang diametral gegenüberliegend in der Nähe des benachbarten unbewickelten Statorzahns der jeweiligen Statornut vorgesehen. Der Stator ist vorzugsweise zwölfnutig und somit mit zwölf Statorzähnen ausgeführt. Dieser zwölfnutige Stator ist besonders geeignet in einem zehnpoligen, bürstenlosen Elektromotor (Gleichstrommotor) eingesetzt.The beginning of the winding of the respective stator winding is expediently positioned within the respective stator slot on the groove base and there suitably in the gusset formed with the wound stator tooth. The location or position of the winding end of the stator winding is on the groove entrance facing away from the yoke and there preferably provided the winding start diametrically opposite in the vicinity of the adjacent unwound stator tooth of the respective stator. The stator is preferably twelve grooved and thus designed with twelve stator teeth. This twelve-slot stator is particularly suitable in a ten-pole, brushless electric motor (DC motor) used.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass durch den Entfall einiger der Pollaschen am Stator eines Elektromotors mit Einzelzahnwicklung im Nadelwickelverfahren der Füllfaktor von bisher etwa 30% auf 60% erhöht werden kann. Die Einzelwickeltechnik, die im Vergleich zur Doppelzahnwicklung praktisch die gleiche Motorleistung hervorbringt, hat zudem eine vergleichsweise geringe Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit in Folge von Kurzschlussfehlern zwischen den Phasen eines üblicherweise dreiphasig betriebenen Elektromotors. Die Erhöhung des Füllfaktors wiederum führt zu einem erhöhten Kupferanteil und zu einem verminderten Widerstand im Motor.The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that can be increased from previously about 30% to 60% by the elimination of some of the pole pockets on the stator of an electric motor with single tooth winding in the needle winding process, the fill factor. The single winding technique, which produces practically the same motor power compared to the double-tooth winding, also has a comparatively low failure probability as a result of short-circuit faults between the phases of a conventional three-phase electric motor. The increase in the fill factor in turn leads to an increased copper content and a reduced resistance in the engine.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Elektromotor mit einem Rotor und mit einem Stator, undFig. 1 shows an electric motor according to the invention with a rotor and with a stator, and
Fig. 2 einen Ausschnitt Il aus Fig. 1 in größerem Maßstab mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Einzelzahnwicklung.Fig. 2 shows a detail II of Fig. 1 on a larger scale with a single tooth winding according to the invention.
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in beiden Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in both figures with the same reference numerals.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen bürstenlosen Elektromotor 1 , insbesondere Gleichstrommotor, wie dieser in Kraftfahrzeugen beispielsweise zur Unterstützung halb automatischer Getriebe oder dergleichen eingesetzt ist.Fig. 1 shows schematically a brushless electric motor 1, in particular DC motor, as this is used in motor vehicles, for example, to support semi-automatic transmission or the like.
Der Elektromotor 1 umfasst einen Stator 2, der einen auf einer Achse oder Ankerwelle 3 sitzenden Rotor 4 koaxial umgibt. Der Rotor 4 ist aus einem Blechpaket aufgebaut und weist außenumfangsseitig eine Anzahl von Permanentmagneten 5 auf. innerhalb des Rotors 4 bilden übereinander gestapelte Einzelbleche des Blechpaketes eine Anzahl von Taschen 6 zur Aufnahme der Permanentmagnete 5 auf.The electric motor 1 comprises a stator 2 which coaxially surrounds a rotor 4 seated on an axle or armature shaft 3. The rotor 4 is constructed from a laminated core and has a number of permanent magnets 5 on the outer peripheral side on. Within the rotor 4 stacked individual sheets of the laminated core form a number of pockets 6 for receiving the permanent magnets 5.
Der Stator 2, der ebenfalls aus einem Blechpaket mit übereinander gestapelten Einzelblechen ausgeführt sein kann, weist ein umfangsseitiges Joch 7 und eine gerade Anzahl von Statorzähnen 8 mit dazwischen liegenden Statornuten 9 auf. Jeder zweite Statorzahn 8b trägt eine Statorwicklung 10, während die dazwischen stehenden Statorzähne 8a unbewickelt sind.The stator 2, which may also be made of a laminated core stacked with individual sheets, has a circumferential yoke 7 and an even number of stator teeth 8 with stator grooves 9 therebetween. Each second stator tooth 8b carries a stator winding 10 while the intervening stator teeth 8a are unwound.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte bevorzugte Elektromotor 1 ist rotorseitig mit zehn Permanentmagneten 5 belegt und stellt somit einen zehnpoligen Elektromotor 1 mit zwölf Statornuten 9 und zwölf Statorzähnen 8 dar. Von diesen sind alternierend sechs Statorzähnen 8b bewickelt und sechs Statorzähne 8a unbewickelt.The illustrated in Fig. 1 preferred electric motor 1 is occupied on the rotor side with ten permanent magnets 5 and thus represents a ten-pole electric motor 1 with twelve stator 9 and twelve stator teeth. Of these, six stator 8b are wound alternately and six stator teeth 8a unwound.
Wie in Fig. 2 vergleichsweise deutlich ersichtlich ist, ist jeder zweite Statorzahn 8b am dem Rotor 4 zugewandten inneren Zahnende 11 mit Pollaschen 12 versehen. Diese stehen in Umfangsrichtung 13 ab und weisen hierbei in Richtung der jeweils angrenzenden Statornut 9. Lediglich diejenigen Statorzähne 8b, die mit derartigen Pollaschen 12 versehen sind, tragen die Statorwicklung 10. Die hierzu benachbarten Statorzähne 8a weisen keine derartigen Pollaschen 12 auf. Auch sind diese Statorzähne 8a nicht bewickelt. Mit anderen Worten: Bei dem Stator 2 ist in Umfangsrichtung 13 jeder zweite Statorzahn 8a sowohl wicklungsfrei als auch pol- laschenfrei.As can be seen comparatively clearly in FIG. 2, every second stator tooth 8b on the rotor 4 facing the inner tooth end 11 is provided with pole tabs 12. These stand in the circumferential direction 13 and point in the direction of each adjacent stator 9 only those stator teeth 8 b, which are provided with such pole pockets 12, carry the stator winding 10. The adjacent thereto stator teeth 8 a have no such pole tabs 12 on. Also, these stator teeth 8a are not wound. In other words, in the circumferential direction 13 of the stator 2, each second stator tooth 8a is both free of winding and pole-free.
Die Bewicklung des jeweiligen Statorzahns 8b erfolgt mit dem sogenannten Nadelwickelverfahren. Wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet, wird hierzu eine Nadel 14 in eine der beiden zum bewickelten Statorzahn 8b benachbarte Statornut 9 eingeführt und der Statorzahn 8b wird durch entsprechend gesteuerte Bewegung der Nadel 14 bewickelt. Hierbei tritt der üblicherweise aus Kupfer bestehende Wickeldraht 15 aus einer vorderen Düse 16 der Nadel 14 aus und wird entsprechend dem dargestellten Wickelschema um den jeweiligen Statorzahn 8b gewickelt. Dfαil 1 7α H^arnαetαlltΩ \Λ/inHι inπcαnfαnπ ΛΛ/ir^kolαnfαnrΛ ict in αinor
Figure imgf000008_0001
The winding of the respective stator tooth 8b takes place with the so-called needle winding method. As indicated in FIG. 2, for this purpose, a needle 14 is inserted into one of the two stator slot 9 adjacent to the wound stator tooth 8b, and the stator tooth 8b is wound by a correspondingly controlled movement of the needle 14. In this case, the winding wire 15, which usually consists of copper, emerges from a front nozzle 16 of the needle 14 and is wound around the respective stator tooth 8b in accordance with the illustrated winding diagram. Dfαil 1 7α H ^ arnαetαlltΩ \ Λ / inHι inπcαnfαnπ ΛΛ / ir ^ kolαnfαnrΛ ict in αinor
Figure imgf000008_0001
Nutecke 18 zwischen dem bewickelten Statorzahn 8b und dem Nutboden 19 der angrenzenden Statornut 9 vorgesehen. Bei der anschließenden Bewicklung sollte von Wicklungslage zu Wicklungslage darauf geachtet werden, dass die Wickeldrähte 15 einer Wicklungslage in den Tälern zwischen benachbarten Wickeldrähten 15 der vorherigen Wicklungslage einliegen. Hierdurch ist der Füllfaktor besonders groß.Nutecke 18 between the wound stator tooth 8b and the groove bottom 19 of the adjacent Statornut 9 is provided. In the subsequent winding care should be taken from winding position to winding position that the winding wires 15 einliegen a winding layer in the valleys between adjacent winding wires 15 of the previous winding layer. As a result, the fill factor is particularly large.
Das durch den Pfeil 17b angedeutete Wicklungs- bzw. Wickelende befindet sich in der zum selben Statorzahn 8b benachbarten anderen Statornut 9 und dabei praktisch diametral gegenüber dem Wicklungsanfang 17a. Das Wicklungsende 17b befindet sich somit am dortigen, die entsprechende Statornut 9 begrenzenden, laschenfreien und unbewickelten Statorzahn 8a im Bereich des Nuteintritts 20. Dieses Wicklungsende 17b kann dann in nicht näher dargestellter Art und Weise über Nuten oder Schlitze im Bereich des Jochs 7 aus dem Stator 2 herausgeführt und gemäß einer bestimmten Verschaltung, beispielsweise in Dreiecks- oder Sternschaltung, mit den weiteren Wicklungen 10 verbunden sein.The winding or winding end indicated by the arrow 17b is located in the other stator slot 9 adjacent to the same stator tooth 8b and in this case practically diametrically opposite the beginning of the winding 17a. The winding end 17b is thus located there, the corresponding Statornut 9 bounding, tab-free and unwound stator tooth 8a in the region of the groove inlet 20. This winding end 17b can then in a manner not shown via grooves or slots in the region of the yoke 7 from the stator 2 led out and according to a particular interconnection, for example, in triangular or star connection, be connected to the other windings 10.
Ersichtlich ist durch den Wegfall der Pollaschen 12 an jedem zweiten Statorzahn 8a der Zugang für die Wickelnadel 14 zu der jeweiligen Statornut 9 ausreichend groß, um zu gewährleisten, dass die Nadel 14 den Wicklungsanfang 17a in der Nutecke 18 zwischen dem bewickelten Statorzahn 8b und der einen angrenzenden Statornut 9 ablegen, anschließend die mehrlagige Wicklung durchführen und das Wicklungsende 17b im Bereich des Nuteintritts 20 der anderen angrenzenden Statornut 9 aus dieser herausführen kann. Der Füllfaktor in den Statornuten 9 ist dabei im Vergleich zu einem herkömmlichen Stator erhöht und kann insbesondere größer 50% betragen.Obviously, by eliminating the pole pieces 12 on each second stator tooth 8a, the access for the winding needle 14 to the respective stator groove 9 is sufficiently large to ensure that the needle 14 has the winding start 17a in the groove corner 18 between the wound stator tooth 8b and the one depositing adjacent stator 9, then perform the multi-layer winding and the coil end 17b in the region of the groove inlet 20 of the other adjacent stator 9 can lead out of this. The fill factor in the stator 9 is increased compared to a conventional stator and can be greater than 50% in particular.
Wie lediglich in Fig. 2 veranschaulicht, sind der oder jeder bewickelte Statorzahn 8b und die Statornuten 9 mit an den Nutwänden angelegten Isolierungen 21 bemäntelt bzw. abgedeckt. Dadurch werden Kurzschlüsse zwischen den üblicherweise ebenfalls isolierten Kupferwicklungen 10, 15 und dem Stator 2 zuverlässig verhindert. Bθzü^εzsjchsπüstsAs illustrated only in FIG. 2, the or each wound stator tooth 8b and the stator slots 9 are covered with insulations 21 applied to the groove walls. As a result, short circuits between the usually also insulated copper windings 10, 15 and the stator 2 are reliably prevented. Bθzü ^ εzsjchsπüsts
1 Elektro-/Gleichstrommotor1 electric / DC motor
2 Stator2 stators
3 Achse/Ankerwelle3 axis / armature shaft
Rotorrotor
5 Permanentmagnet5 permanent magnet
Taschebag
7 Joch7 yoke
8 Statorzahn a unbewickelter Statorzahn b bewickelter Statorzahn8 stator tooth a unwound stator tooth b wound stator tooth
Statornutstator
10 Statorwicklung10 stator winding
11 Zahnende11 tooth ends
12 Pollasche12 pole ash
13 Umfangsrichtung13 circumferential direction
14 Nadel 5 Wickeldraht 6 Düse 7a Wicklungsanfang 7b Wicklungsende 8 Nutecke 9 Nutboden 0 Nuteintritt 1 Isolierung 14 Needle 5 Winding wire 6 Nozzle 7a Winding start 7b Winding end 8 Groove corner 9 Groove bottom 0 Groove entry 1 Insulation

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Stator (2) für einen Elektromotor (1), mit einem umfangsseitigen Joch (7) und mit einer geraden Anzahl von Statorzähnen (8), die ausgehend vom Joch (7) radial nach Innen abstehen, sowie mit Pollaschen (12), die am inneren Zahnende (11) mindestens eines Statorzahns (8) in Umfangsrichtung (13) abstehen, und mit zwischen den Statorzähnen (8) angeordneten Statornuten (9), in die Statorwicklungen (10) im Nadelwickelverfahren eingebracht sind,1. Stator (2) for an electric motor (1), with a circumferential yoke (7) and with an even number of stator teeth (8) which protrude radially from the yoke (7) to the inside, and with pole pockets (12), the at the inner tooth end (11) of at least one stator tooth (8) in the circumferential direction (13) protrude, and arranged between the stator teeth (8) Statornuten (9) are introduced into the stator windings (10) in the needle winding process,
- wobei in Umfangsrichtung (13) jeder zweite Statorzahn (8a) wicklungsfreie und am nuteintrittsseitigen Zahnende (11) pollaschenfrei ist,- Wherein in the circumferential direction (13) every second stator tooth (8a) winding-free and at the nuteintrittsseitigen tooth end (11) is pollaschenfrei,
- wobei der Wicklungsanfang (17a) der Statorwicklung (10) der jeweiligen Statornut (9) am dem Joch (7) zugewandten Nutboden (19) positioniert ist, und- Wherein the winding start (17 a) of the stator winding (10) of the respective stator (9) on the yoke (7) facing groove bottom (19) is positioned, and
- wobei das Wicklungsende (17b) der Statorwicklung (10) am dem Joch (7) abgewandten Nuteintritt (20) der jeweiligen Statornut (9) positioniert ist.- Wherein the winding end (17b) of the stator winding (10) on the yoke (7) facing away from the groove inlet (20) of the respective stator groove (9) is positioned.
2. Stator (2) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wicklungsanfang (17a) der Statorwicklung (10) in der mit dem bewickelten Statorzahn (8) gebildeten Nutecke (18) positioniert ist.2. Stator (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding start (17 a) of the stator winding (10) in the wound with the stator tooth (8) formed Nutecke (18) is positioned.
3. Stator (2) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wicklungsende (17b) der Statorwicklung (10) am benachbarten unbewickelten Statorzahn (8) im Bereich dessen pollaschenfreien Zahnendes (11) angeordnet ist. 3. stator (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the winding end (17b) of the stator winding (10) on the adjacent unbewickelten stator tooth (8) in the region of the pollaschenfreien tooth end (11) is arranged.
4. Zehnpoliger Elektromotor (1) mit einem zwölfnutigen Stator (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3. 4. Ten-pole electric motor (1) with a twelve-slot stator (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3.
PCT/EP2010/003721 2009-06-20 2010-06-21 Stator for an electric motor WO2010145841A2 (en)

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CN112202255A (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-01-08 博泽沃尔兹堡汽车零部件欧洲两合公司 Electric motor and radiator fan

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EP3512077A1 (en) 2018-01-15 2019-07-17 Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Electric motor and cooling fan
DE102018200598A1 (en) 2018-01-15 2019-07-18 Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Electric motor and radiator fan
EP3849059A1 (en) 2018-01-15 2021-07-14 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Electric motor and cooling fan
WO2020226859A1 (en) * 2019-05-03 2020-11-12 Lin Engineering, Inc. Geometry for single-layer wound stators with high manufacturability
CN112202255A (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-01-08 博泽沃尔兹堡汽车零部件欧洲两合公司 Electric motor and radiator fan
EP3764513A1 (en) 2019-07-08 2021-01-13 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Electric motor and cooling fan comprising the same
DE102019210028A1 (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-01-14 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Electric motor and cooling fan
CN112202255B (en) * 2019-07-08 2023-08-04 博泽沃尔兹堡汽车零部件欧洲两合公司 Electric motor and radiator fan

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