WO2010144113A2 - Transducteur de pression à fibre optique basé sur dts - Google Patents

Transducteur de pression à fibre optique basé sur dts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010144113A2
WO2010144113A2 PCT/US2010/001541 US2010001541W WO2010144113A2 WO 2010144113 A2 WO2010144113 A2 WO 2010144113A2 US 2010001541 W US2010001541 W US 2010001541W WO 2010144113 A2 WO2010144113 A2 WO 2010144113A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
optical fiber
bourdon tube
fiber
distributed temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/001541
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010144113A3 (fr
Inventor
Brian Park
Kent Kalar
Kari-Mikko Jaaskelainen
Original Assignee
SensorTran, Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SensorTran, Inc filed Critical SensorTran, Inc
Publication of WO2010144113A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010144113A2/fr
Publication of WO2010144113A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010144113A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/0026—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible, deformable tubes by electric, electromechanical, magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to distributed temperature measurement systems and more particularly to the use of distributed temperature measurement systems to measure single point pressure.
  • US Patent 5,138,155 makes use of a fiber optical sensor in conjunction with a Bourdon tube.
  • the Bourdon tube is responsive to pressure and drives a conventional pointer indicator and supports a reflective target that is positioned in response to pressure applied to the Bourdon tube.
  • Light is transmitted to the target by means of fiber optic cables from a remotely positioned oscillator.
  • Light is reflected by the target and transmitted by fiber optic cables to processing circuitry that responds to reflected light signals as generated by the oscillator.
  • light emitting diodes form a light source and the light signals are detected by means of phototransistors.
  • a reference target is also provided along with a second light source/light detector pair.
  • the processing circuitry responds to the outputs of the phototransistors and generates a controller output by use of a look-up table.
  • US Patent 5,877,426 describes a Bourdon tube pressure gauge integral optical strain sensors.
  • the optical sensors include an optical fiber having intrinsic Bragg grating sensors formed in the optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber is attached to a reference point and to the Bourdon tube such that changes in the position of the tube changes the strain on the optical fiber resulting in a wavelength shift of light reflected by the Bragg grating.
  • the magnitude of the wavelength shift is directly proportional to a change in pressure.
  • the system requires a reference or temperature compensated optical sensor that is isolated from the strain associated with the pressure of the system.
  • This disclosure describes a fiber optic based pressure transducer that detects position of a micro-heater mounted on a Bourdon tube under pressure. This movement can be calibrated to provide an accurate pressure reading.
  • the temperature change in the fiber due to the micro-heater is detected using DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensing) techniques, which additionally measures the temperature along the entire length of the well.
  • DTS Distributed Temperature Sensing
  • one surface instrument can provide both an accurate temperature profile of a deep well and its pressure at critical locations. This is of value for the testing and production stages of the well. No electrical cables are required, and all signals are conducted through a single optical fiber that is also the detection fiber. Multiple pressure sensors can be installed on the fiber and their pressures determined.
  • An aspect of this invention is at least one pressure transducer connected in line to the fiber optic sensing fiber of a DTS system including at least an enclosure with an attached fiber optic position detection coil; a Bourdon tube; a micro-heater attached to the Bourdon tube, and an energy source for the micro-heater.
  • Another aspect of this invention is the use of the DTS laser as an energy source to the end of the Bourdon tube, eliminating the need for an internal battery or micro-heater.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the application of closely aligned racetracks of optical fiber on a support shape to form the fiber optic position detection coil.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method of measuring pressure by measuring the movement of a Bourdon tube by detecting the position of a heated end of the Bourdon tube.
  • An aspect of the invention is a single point fiber optic pressure transducer including at least: a hollow cylinder; an optical fiber formed into an overlapping racetrack form and wrapped around the hollow cylinder; a Bourdon tube mounted inside the hollow cylinder whose outer end rotates as pressure increases in the tube; and a source of heat mounted on the outer end of the Bourdon tube; wherein the optical fiber is connected remotely to a distributed temperature measurement system.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method of measuring a single point pressure with a distributed temperature sensing system including at least the steps of: wrapping an optical fiber of length L1 around a hollow cylinder; mounting a Bourdon tube the inside the hollow cylinder, creating a fiber optic pressure transducer; deploying the fiber optic pressure transducer into a region of interest for measuring pressure; connecting the fiber optic pressure transducer in line to an optical fiber that is connected remotely to a distributed temperature measurement system; providing heat to the outer end of the Bourdon tube; in a calibration step using the distributed temperature measurement system calibrating the position along the optical fiber length at which a temperature spike is measured against various pressures to which the Bourdon tube is exposed; in a measurement mode measuring with the distributed temperature system the length L2 of the optical fiber at which there is a temperature spike; and calculating the single point pressure from L1 and L2.
  • Fig. 1 is a rendering of a possible pressure transducer of this disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of some alternative fiber racetrack windings of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration of a temperature vs. distance plot for one of the pressure transducers.
  • Fig. 4 is an illustration of the use of two pressure transducers and their temperature vs. distance plots.
  • This disclosure describes a fiber optic based pressure transducer that detects position of a micro-heater mounted on a Bourdon tube under pressure. This movement can be calibrated to provide an accurate pressure reading.
  • the temperature change in the fiber due to the micro-heater is detected using DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensing) techniques, which additionally measures the temperature along the entire length of the well.
  • DTS Distributed Temperature Sensing
  • one surface instrument can provide both an accurate temperature profile of the well and its pressure at critical locations. This is of value for the testing and production stages of the well. No electrical cables are required, and all signals are conducted through a single optical fiber that is also the detection fiber. Multiple pressure sensors can be installed on the fiber and their pressures determined.
  • Bourdon tubes have been used for many years to measure pressure
  • a Bourdon tube normally consists of a small bore coiled tube in the shape of a flat spiral connected to a pressure source and sealed at the other end.
  • the tube may be isolated from the pressure source via a bellows and transmitting fluid if the pressure source is corrosive or contains particulate matter.
  • the size of the tube is selected to provide between 300 to 360 degree rotation over the range of the device. Different sized Bourdon tubes can be used to provide a number of pressure ranges but still use the same fiber detection system.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an aspect of the invention.
  • a pressure transducer 100 as conceived in this disclosure may consist of an optical fiber 110 formed into an overlapping racetrack form and wrapped around a cylinder to form a fiber optic position detection coil.
  • the term racetrack form is used in this description to describe closely aligned racetracks of optical fiber on a support shape to form the fiber optic position detection coil.
  • the invention also includes a Bourdon tube 120 whose outer end rotates as pressure increases in the tube; a micro-heater 140 mounted on the end of the bourdon tube; a battery (not shown) could be located inside the cylinder as an energy source for the micro-heater. Other energy sources are possible and will be discussed.
  • the complete transducer would be in an enclosure (not shown) for protecting the device.
  • Bourdon tube 140 is shown mounted at the end for illustrative purposes it could in fact be located in the center of the long cylinder.
  • Micro-heater 140 may consist of a very small resistor or solid state device which heats up when voltage is applied to it from the internal battery. The temperature rise is only a few degrees over a very small surface area, so the power consumption is very small. This enables either a battery-powered system to run continuously for extended periods without needing replacement, or an alternate scheme (discussed later) of supplying heat to the end of the Bourdon tube with the primary DTS laser. If the battery is used it is mounted inside the fiber coil cylinder to reduce the overall size of the unit. Batteries suitable for downhole environments are commonly available. The sensing system is mounted inside a sealed enclosure to protect it from the hostile environment. The fiber can be connected at the top and the bottom of the device to the rest of the fiber or to additional pressure transducers.
  • the temperature rise caused by the micro-heater is detected by the optical fiber 110, which is wound in an overlapping racetrack form on the cylinder to form a fiber optic position detection coil.
  • Fiber is typically 125 microns in diameter. If it is wound so that the strands are directly adjacent to each other then it is capable of detecting movement as small as 125 microns as the micro-heater passes over the coils.
  • DTS methods can detect temperature changes along a fiber with a resolution of 1/2 meter, so each coil may have an overall length of 1/2 meter.
  • the micro-heater may be positioned over the end of the fiber cylinder so that no ambiguity of position may occur, or it may be positioned in the cylinder of the fiber coil, but since each coil has two vertical strands, care must be taken to avoid a double signal.
  • racetrack forms may be fabricated based on imbedded fiber techniques.
  • a fiber coated with thermoplastic is laid down using a CNC controlled tool. As the fiber is laid down it is preheated so that the thermoplastic reaches its melting point. When pressed down by a roller the plastic fuses to a cylindrical mandrel and holds the fiber in place on cooling.
  • the path of the fiber is precisely controlled so that complex patterns are feasible.
  • the fiber can be laid down in straight paths directly adjacent to the previous path, with a large radius at each end to eliminate attenuation of the laser light.
  • the fiber can be laid down flat on a flexible base that can then be wrapped around a mandrel to form a cylinder.
  • Figure 2 illustrates two racetrack configuration possibilities, each allowing resolution of 79 samples per cm.
  • Configuration 220 for example could be fabricated as shown and then pressed onto a cylindrical mandrel 230 of for example 0.5 meters in length.
  • the Bourdon tube would be located at the edge of the cylinder.
  • the length per track may be 1 meter and adjacent sides of the racetrack are mounted directly next to each other over a straight length as shown in 240.
  • the remainder of the track forms a loop at each end.
  • a cylindrical mandrel 250 of (in this example) 1.0 meters length measurements are made where the tracks are next to each other.
  • the Bourdon tube would be located in the center section of the cylinder.
  • Each loop provides two readings, i.e. 1 every 1/2 meter. This would eliminate the double sampling issue discussed earlier.
  • the resolution is the same as the other racetrack, i.e. 79 samples per cm.
  • Averaging techniques may be used to eliminate effects due to vibration of the end of the Bourdon tube or from the heat spreading over adjacent coils.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a single pressure transducer 320 connected in line to an optic fiber that is connected remotely to a distributed temperature measurement system (DTS) (not shown).
  • DTS distributed temperature measurement system
  • the pressure is detected at that DTS system as follows: the sensor has previously been calibrated so that the full pressure range represents a specific rotation of the Bourdon tube and hence a specific length of fiber.
  • the measured pressure is represented at the DTS system as a temperature spike at a certain length of the fiber.
  • a temperature vs. distance plot can be seen in Figure 2 as 340.
  • the actual pressure then equals the pressure range times the ratio of the measured length (L2) and the full range length (L 1) of the optical fiber configured on the transducer. Since the DTS system also measures overall temperature, then the spike in the temperature profile due to the heater can easily be detected. Temperature compensation may also be calculated if required since the temperature of the sensor is known.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates two pressure transducers 420 connected in series to the same optic fiber that is connected remotely to a distributed temperature measurement system (DTS) (not shown).
  • DTS distributed temperature measurement system
  • the temperature vs. distance plot looks like Figure 3 as shown in 440. Since each transducer is at a specific distance along the fiber, their curve and temperature spike are clearly separate from each other and their pressures can easily be determined.
  • an alternate configuration in the case of a single pressure transducer could be to supply the necessary energy via the optical fiber.
  • the far end of the optical sensing fiber could be attached to the tip of the Bourdon tube and then generate heat as the laser light energy strikes the end of the fiber, which may be configured with a suitable light absorbing material.
  • this concept could be expanded by providing multiple optical fibers and using one for each pressure transducer.
  • one fiber could be used and optical couplers used in line to divert power to each pressure transducer.
  • the pressure measurement is made in the same way as described earlier in this disclosure - by measuring the relative location of a temperature spike in the pressure transducer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un transducteur de pression à base de fibre optique, qui détecte la position d'une extrémité chauffée d'un tube de Bourdon sous pression. Ce déplacement peut être étalonné pour fournir une lecture précise de la pression. La variation de la température dans la fibre, due à l'extrémité chauffée du tube de Bourdon, est détectée par des techniques DTS (Détection de Température Distribuée), qui en outre mesure la température sur toute la longueur du puits. Ainsi, un instrument en surface peut fournir à la fois un profil précis de température d'un puits profond et sa pression en des points critiques. Ce point est intéressant pour les étapes d'essai et de production du puits. Aucun câble électrique n'est requis, et tous les signaux sont envoyés par une unique fibre optique, qui est aussi la fibre de détection. De multiples capteurs de pression peuvent être installés sur la fibre, et leur pression peut être déterminée.
PCT/US2010/001541 2009-06-08 2010-05-26 Transducteur de pression à fibre optique basé sur dts WO2010144113A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26807709P 2009-06-08 2009-06-08
US61/268,077 2009-06-08

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WO2010144113A2 true WO2010144113A2 (fr) 2010-12-16
WO2010144113A3 WO2010144113A3 (fr) 2011-03-31

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9683435B2 (en) 2014-03-04 2017-06-20 General Electric Company Sensor deployment system for a wellbore and methods of assembling the same
CN112697339A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-04-23 桂林电子科技大学 一种高强度耐高温快响应光纤气压传感探头

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3987821A (en) * 1975-05-08 1976-10-26 Ametek, Inc. Gas-filled thermometer
US5929330A (en) * 1997-11-14 1999-07-27 Ford; Robert P. Visual tire cap pressure indicator
US20050268722A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-08 Yu-Chong Tai Implantable mechanical pressure sensor and method of manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3987821A (en) * 1975-05-08 1976-10-26 Ametek, Inc. Gas-filled thermometer
US5929330A (en) * 1997-11-14 1999-07-27 Ford; Robert P. Visual tire cap pressure indicator
US20050268722A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-08 Yu-Chong Tai Implantable mechanical pressure sensor and method of manufacturing the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9683435B2 (en) 2014-03-04 2017-06-20 General Electric Company Sensor deployment system for a wellbore and methods of assembling the same
CN112697339A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-04-23 桂林电子科技大学 一种高强度耐高温快响应光纤气压传感探头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010144113A3 (fr) 2011-03-31

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