WO2010138140A1 - Système de communications point-à-point utilisé en particulier dans un système de distribution de puissance - Google Patents

Système de communications point-à-point utilisé en particulier dans un système de distribution de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010138140A1
WO2010138140A1 PCT/US2009/063375 US2009063375W WO2010138140A1 WO 2010138140 A1 WO2010138140 A1 WO 2010138140A1 US 2009063375 W US2009063375 W US 2009063375W WO 2010138140 A1 WO2010138140 A1 WO 2010138140A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sinusoidal waveform
waveform
dampened sinusoidal
power distribution
transmitter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/063375
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David W. Rieken
Original Assignee
Aclara Power-Line Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aclara Power-Line Systems, Inc. filed Critical Aclara Power-Line Systems, Inc.
Priority to CA2763874A priority Critical patent/CA2763874C/fr
Priority to MX2011012729A priority patent/MX2011012729A/es
Priority to CN2009801606124A priority patent/CN102484502A/zh
Publication of WO2010138140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010138140A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0003—Code application, i.e. aspects relating to how codes are applied to form multiplexed channels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to communications sent through a power distribution network; and, more particularly, to a point-to-point communications system by which information is readily transmitted from any one location within the power distribution network to any other location within the network.
  • a typical system enables a utility to send messages over its power line to or from a central location such as a sub-station to most, if not all, of its customers connected to that site.
  • the messages involve such things as current electrical usage at the customer's site, polling requests to determine whether or not an outage has occurred within a service area, or commands to reduce or shut-off the amount of power provided to a load at the customer's site during periods of peak electrical usage.
  • Replies received from the various locations to which messages are sent enable the utility to determine its current operational status, as well as changes that may need to be made to reconfigure the power distribution system for changes (or prospective changes) in its operating circumstances.
  • What is described in the present disclosure is a point-to-point communications system particularly for use with a utility's power distribution network to send communications from any one location in the network to any other location in the network.
  • the communications system uses transceivers located throughout the network for sending and receiving messages.
  • the transmitter portion of a transceiver comprises a resonant transmitter having a capacitor and inductor whose values enable the transmitter to generate a dampened sinusoidal waveform of a predetermined frequency.
  • Generation of the waveform is controlled to provide a modulated waveform which propagates through the power distribution network in the presence of the main waveform generated by the utility.
  • modulation methods employed in the point-to-point communications system are on-off keying (OOK), phase shift keying (PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
  • a receiver portion of the transceiver receives the dampened sinusoidal waveform on some, or all three, phases ( ⁇ ) of the network.
  • the receiver combines the received signals and processes the result to obtain a transmitted message.
  • the transceivers can be a single unit, or the transmitter and receiver portions of a unit may be separate pieces of equipment. Further, either section of a transceiver can be selectively deactivated by the user of the system.
  • the point-to-point communications system herein described presents significant advantages over conventional systems.
  • the resonant transmitter portion of the transceiver utilizes a reactive rather than a resistive load; and as a result, heat dissipation requirements are low.
  • Another significant advantage is that the system of the present invention requires relatively little equipment to install and operate, and eliminating unnecessary equipment significantly lowers the cost to install, maintain, and repair the communications system. In addition, unwanted side effects caused by operation of some systems are eliminated.
  • Another advantage of the communications system of the present invention is that higher data transmission rates are achievable than with current systems because transmitted signals include more bits per symbol. Also, digital modulation schemes not practical for use in conventional communications systems, can now be readily employed. In addition, the ability to provide higher data transmission enables security protocols unusable in conventional systems to also be readily employed so to better protect transmissions. It is a further advantage of the system that the dampened sinusoidal signal produced by a transceiver can be transmitted through the multiple voltage levels which occur within the network, both without the need of additional equipment, and without significant signal degradation.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic of a point-to-point communications system incorporated into a utility's power distribution network
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic of a transmitter portion of a transceiver of the communications system
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a receiver portion of the transceiver
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the generation of a dampened sinusoidal waveform using on-off keying (OOK);
  • Fig. 5 illustrates generation of the dampened sinusoidal waveform using phase-shift keying (PSK);
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified representation of a power distribution system;
  • Figs. 7A-7C illustrates operation of a resonant transmitter to generate the dampened sinusoidal waveform for transmission through the utility's power distribution network together with the waveform propagated by the utility so to convey information from one location in the power distribution system to another;
  • Fig. 8 illustrates generation of a dampened sinusoidal waveform using amplitude modulation.
  • a power distribution system or network is indicated generally 10 in Fig. 6.
  • the network includes a power generator G from which power is distributed through a plurality of substations S I -S N and over power lines LI-Ln routed from each substation to the facilities F of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers.
  • Overlying network 10 is a point-to-point communications system of the present invention which is indicated generally 20 in Fig. 1.
  • Point-to-point communications system 20 enables messages to be transmitted from any one location A within the power distribution system to any other location B within the system.
  • messages are sent from a substation S to one or more of the facilities F and a reply message is separately sent from each facility back to the substation. It is a feature of the present invention, however, that a message can be sent from locations other than a substation to any other location (which could be, but is not necessarily a substation) within communications system 20.
  • a voltage waveform WG generated or propagated by the utility is impressed across the primary windings of a high voltage transformer THV- Waveform W G is typically a 3 ⁇ , 240 VAC, 60Hz waveform; although it will be understood by those skilled in the art that communications system 20 works equally as well with other utility generated waveforms, for example, 120VAC, 60Hz waveforms, and the 50Hz waveforms generated by utilities in many countries.
  • the secondary windings of transformer T H v are, in turn, connected across the primary windings of transformers T I -T N .
  • a transmitter X1 of a transceiver indicated generally 12 is connected across the secondary or low voltage windings LV of transformer Ti at location A; while a receiver section Y1 of transceiver 12 is coupled to the power line for receiving and processing messages sent over communications system 20.
  • a transceiver 13 includes a transmitter Xn connected across the low voltage windings of transformer T n , with a receiver Yn of transceiver 13 being connected to the power line for receiving and processing messages sent over the communications system.
  • transmitter X1 includes a reactive load 13 comprised of an inductor L and a capacitor C. The values of the capacitor and inductor are chosen so transceiver 12 resonates at a desired frequency.
  • Reactive load 13 is connected, through a switch 14, across a drain resistor R D .
  • Transmitter X1 is a resonating transmitter which, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, produces a dampened sinusoidal or ringing waveform WR which is now transmitted through the power distribution system together with propagated waveform W G to convey, via the resulting waveform W M , information (i.e., commands or instructions, query responses, data, etc.) from location A to location B.
  • switch 14 is operated in a controlled manner by a digital controller 16. In operation, controller
  • controller 16 operates switch 14 in the following sequence:
  • controller 16 connects reactive load 13 of transmitter X1 to the low voltage (LV) side of transformer Ti through switch 14, while drain resistor R D is isolated from both the reactive load and the transformer.
  • controller 16 operates switch 14 to isolate the reactive load and the drain resistor both from transformer Ti and from each other. Isolating both the reactive load and drain resistor from transformer Ti results in capacitor C holding its charge at a first predetermined charge level.
  • controller 16 now operates switch 14 to isolate reactive load 13 from transformer Ti, while placing drain resistor RD across the reactive load. This now provides a path to drain off charge from capacitor C. Finally, controller 16 operates switch 14 to again isolate both the reactive load and drain resistor from transformer T 1 and from each other. Again, this is the circuit configuration shown in Fig. 7B. This switching now has the effect of letting capacitor C hold or maintain its charge at a second predetermined level. Alternately, drain resistor R 0 may be omitted. When this done, the switching sequence is Fig. 7A-Fig. 7B for each signal, rather than the previously described sequence of Fig. 7A-Fig. 7B-Fig. 7C-Fig. 7B. However, the amplitude of signals as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 will now vary from signal to signal. This is because in the previously described embodiment, drain resistor RD acted to regulate the amplitude of the signal by resetting the resonator initial conditions.
  • Controller 16 implements a variety of algorithms by which encoded bits representing data, instructions, etc. are sent from the one location to the other.
  • controller 16 utilizes a variety of channel coding schemes including, for example, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code.
  • LDPC low-density parity-check
  • the controller implements an algorithm by which switch 14 is operated such that one bit is transmitted for each half-cycle of the waveform W G impressed across the low voltage side of transformer T1.
  • the generation of a resonant pulse waveform during a half-cycle of waveform W G represents a binary 1 ; while the absence of a resonant pulse waveform represents a binary 0.
  • Appendix A which is attached hereto and is incorporated herein by reference, sets forth the mathematical formulations used for OOK modulation.
  • Bits comprising the message to be sent from location A to location B are provided as inputs to controller 16 as shown in Fig. 2. If a binary 1 is to be transmitted, then a resonant pulse waveform is imposed on the generated waveform beginning at a time ti shown in Fig. 4, and ending at a time t2.
  • the algorithm implemented by controller 16 includes a phase locked loop (PLL) 18 which synchronizes timing of the resonant pulse waveform (i.e., the binary symbol) with the voltage impressed across the LV windings of transformer TV
  • Times ti and t 2 are adaptively computed using the algorithm, and the results of these computations control switching of switch 14 by controller 16. That is, they control cycling of switch 14 from its holding position shown in Fig. 7B to the conducting position shown in Fig. 7A, and then back to the holding position.
  • feedback signals are supplied to controller 16 by the algorithm for use in calculating the respective modulation start and finish times.
  • This level of operational control further has the advantage of minimizing heat dissipation and reducing or eliminating spurious electromagnetic emissions.
  • the feedback is provided by a voltage measurement V ⁇ taken across the LV windings of transformer T-i, and a voltage measurement V c taken across capacitor C.
  • the voltage measurements are applied to respective analog-to- digital (PJD) converters 22, 24 whose digital outputs are supplied to controller 16.
  • PDD analog-to- digital
  • the algorithm also adaptively computes the times t 3 and U- These times determine when controller 16 operates switch 14 so that the switch is switched from the holding position shown in Fig. 7B to its position shown in Fig. 7C in which capacitor C is discharged, and then back to the holding position of Fig. 7B.
  • controller 16 also implements an algorithm for PSK.
  • switch 14 is operated by the algorithm so as to modulate the waveform WQ impressed across the LV windings of transformer Ti with one or more data bits during each interval of modulation. This produces transmissions having higher data rates than OOK. This is as shown in Fig. 5.
  • PSK is used by controller 16
  • spectral analysis of signals V ⁇ and Vc is used to compute the time ti when reactive load 13 is connected to the low voltage windings of transformer Ti and the time t 2 when it is disconnected. This is accomplished by cycling switch 14 as previously described. The result is a discrete phase shift in the resonant pulse sinusoid.
  • Appendix A sets forth the mathematical formulations used for PSK modulation.
  • controller 16 implements an algorithm for amplitude modulation (AM).
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • the signals "00” and “10” therefore are allowed to resonate for a longer period of time; while, the signals “01 “ and “11 " which are lower energy signals resonate for a shorter period of time.
  • Controlled on/off switching is used, as in PSK modulation to control the sign.
  • amplitude modulation and PSK can be combined to implement quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and thus facilitate greater rates of data transmission.
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the method of the present invention further utilizes code division multiple access (CDMA) in combination with OOK, PSK 1 or QAM in order to further improve data transmission by facilitating multiple transmitter access to a communications channel.
  • Receiver Y1 of transceiver 12 is, for example, a multiple input digital receiver. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the receiver is connected across the medium voltage MV or low voltage LV lines of one or more of the phases using respective couplers 26 or 27.
  • Coupler 26 is, for example, a current transformer and coupler 27 a voltage transformer.
  • coherently collecting the signals on all the phases of power distribution network 10, and combining and processing them improves the fidelity of the communications sent and received using system 20.
  • receiver Y Each input to a receiver Y is first supplied to an A/D converter 28. In Fig. 3, these are shown to be connected in parallel. Importantly, receiver Y is capable of detecting and demodulating received transmissions without communications system 20 needing to use signal boosters or other ancillary equipment typically used in conventional communications systems so transmitted signals are capable of being detected. This significantly simplifies the communications process, allows for a less costly system because fewer components are required to affect communications throughout the utility's power distribution network, and also reduces costs because of the reduced amount of equipment maintenance and repair that is involved in operating communications system 20.
  • Digital signal outputs from the converters are provided as inputs to a signal processor 30 of the receiver which includes a PLL 32 that synchronizes the received signals with a transmitted clock signal.
  • a signal processor 30 of the receiver which includes a PLL 32 that synchronizes the received signals with a transmitted clock signal.
  • every z th symbol transmitted by transceiver 12 at location A comprises a pilot symbol that receiver Yn at location B "knows" to expect.
  • the algorithm used by receiver Yn now performs an adaptive equalization of received transmissions using these transmitted pilot symbols.
  • Processor 30 then further implements the algorithm to demodulate both OOK and PSK transmissions, as well as, for example, decoding LDPC encoded communications.
  • the decoded message is provided as an output by the receiver to an electric meter or other device at a facility F which is responsive to communications sent through system 20.
  • What has been described is a point-to-point communications system implemented in a utility's power distribution network by which communications are sent from anywhere within the network to anywhere else in the network.
  • the resonant transmitter used by the communications system provides a greater data transmission capability (throughput) than conventional communications systems.
  • the point-to-point communications system also provides greater signal clarity, eliminates RFI and light flicker problems associated with conventional communications systems, and does so while not requiring ancillary equipment such as boosters, repeaters, and the like, so to provide a rapid, high quality communications capability for a utility.
  • Ii is the magnitude of the impedance of the RLC circuit at ⁇ o-
  • the natural response is
  • Figure 1 Passband and baseband signals generated by the resonating transmitter.
  • FIG. 1 Transmitted passband signal generated for on-off keying.
  • the baseband equivalent signal is a
  • FIG. 3 Transmitted passband signal generated for phase-shift keying.
  • the receiver design is may be similar to that of currently used receivers, but is executed in the frequency domain

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de communications point-à-point (20) destiné à transmettre des messages d'un emplacement (A) quelconque d'un système ou d'un réseau de distribution de puissance (10) à un autre emplacement (B) quelconque du réseau. Un émetteur-récepteur (12) situé au premier emplacement comprend un émetteur (X) qui inscrit une forme d'onde (WR) sur une forme d'onde (WG) propagée par le réseau afin d'alimenter le réseau en puissance d'un bout à l'autre. L'émetteur-récepteur est un émetteur-récepteur résonant qui comprend une charge réactive (13) connectée sélectivement au réseau de distribution de puissance et déconnectée de ce dernier. Un contrôleur (16) commande le fonctionnement de l'émetteur-récepteur afin de connecter et déconnecter la charge réactive du réseau de façon à inscrire sur la forme d'onde propagée une forme d'onde sinusoïdale amortie dont les caractéristiques représentent des informations transportées sur le réseau de distribution de puissance. Un récepteur (Yn) situé à l'autre emplacement reçoit et démodule la forme d'onde sinusoïdale amortie afin d'en extraire les informations qu'il transporte.
PCT/US2009/063375 2009-05-29 2009-11-05 Système de communications point-à-point utilisé en particulier dans un système de distribution de puissance WO2010138140A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2763874A CA2763874C (fr) 2009-05-29 2009-11-05 Systeme de communications point-a-point utilise en particulier dans un systeme de distribution de puissance
MX2011012729A MX2011012729A (es) 2009-05-29 2009-11-05 Sistema de comunicaciones punto a punto para usarse particularmente en un sistema de distribucion de energia.
CN2009801606124A CN102484502A (zh) 2009-05-29 2009-11-05 特别用于配电系统的点到点通信系统

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18248309P 2009-05-29 2009-05-29
US61/182,483 2009-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010138140A1 true WO2010138140A1 (fr) 2010-12-02

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US (1) US8401039B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102484502A (fr)
CA (1) CA2763874C (fr)
MX (1) MX2011012729A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010138140A1 (fr)

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US10271407B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2019-04-23 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Load control device having Internet connectivity
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US9736911B2 (en) 2012-01-17 2017-08-15 Lutron Electronics Co. Inc. Digital load control system providing power and communication via existing power wiring
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CN106663955B (zh) * 2014-08-04 2020-03-31 苹果公司 通过电源管脚在附件和对接底座之间进行通信
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100303099A1 (en) 2010-12-02
MX2011012729A (es) 2012-03-16
CA2763874C (fr) 2015-12-29
US8401039B2 (en) 2013-03-19
CN102484502A (zh) 2012-05-30
CA2763874A1 (fr) 2010-12-02

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