WO2010136051A1

WO2010136051A1 - Electrical terminal block and use of said terminal block

Info

Publication number: WO2010136051A1
Application number: PCT/EP2009/003737
Authority: WO
Inventors: Markus Reinhard; Richard Schmidt
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2009-05-26
Filing date: 2009-05-26
Publication date: 2010-12-02
Also published as: EP2436018A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a terminal block (1) and to the use of said terminal block (1), which allows a self-sufficient, i.e. permanent and maintenance-free power supply for an electrical consumer in the surroundings of power supply lines with little effort and at low costs. Said terminal block (1) has one or more terminal elements (3; 4) a ring (7) produced of a soft-magnetic material having good magnetic conductivity being assigned to at least one of said terminal elements (e.g. 3). Said ring (7) comprises a secondary coil (8) arranged thereon and having connecting lines (9) for connection to an electrical consumer. The ring (9) is assigned to the terminal element (e.g. 3) in such a manner that when a power supply line is connected to the terminal element (3) and is active, a dynamic electromagnetic fields existing in the surroundings of a line path formed by the connected power supply line has an inductive effect on the secondary coil (8) of the ring in such a manner that an electrical supply power which can be used by an electrical consumer connected to the connecting lines (9) of the secondary coil (9) can be tapped on said connecting lines (9). The terminal block (1) is advantageously used in a terminal box or distributor associated with power supply lines.

Description

description

Electrotechnical terminal block and use of such terminal block

The invention relates to an electrotechnical terminal block according to the preamble of claim 1 and a use of such a terminal block.

Electrotechnical terminal blocks are known for example from the document DE 199 26 542 Al. Thereafter, at least a single terminal block for connecting the lines, which are guided by the winding strands of an electric motor in the terminal or terminal box of the electric motor, the so-called strand lines, provided with power supply lines. A terminal block has, for each connection between one of the power supply lines to be connected and one of the line lines of the electric motor, in each case an electrotechnically insulated connection terminal element. At the same time, the individual terminal block may either comprise only a single terminal element or else several terminal elements. For this purpose, the terminal block on an electrotechnically insulating support member on which the respective terminal elements are mechanically and against each other kept electrically isolated.

From the above-mentioned document it is further known to provide an electric motor with a temperature measuring sensor or temperature sensor which is coupled to at least one of the winding phases of a stator of the electric motor in a heat-conducting manner, that is to say with a low heat transfer resistance.

Electrotechnical terminal blocks are known for example from the documents DE 199 26 542 Al and DE 019 87 751 U. Instead of temperature measuring sensors or temperature sensors, as they are already used in the first-mentioned document, it is conceivable to use other electrotechnical consumers or small consumers, for example, sensors for the detection of physical variables such as pressures, vibrations and the like.

It is also conceivable to carry out the detection of, for example, the stated physical quantities in a continuous time. Furthermore, it is conceivable to transmit the detected physical quantities in a continuous manner, for example for monitoring and / or evaluation purposes. Finally, it is also conceivable to provide the further transmission of the said physical quantities, for example wirelessly.

For all these cases, the relevant electrical consumer needs a secure power supply. This should be made available with the least possible effort and with the lowest possible cost.

One way to provide such a power supply is to resort to the existing power supply lines. Since, however, these usually provide an excessively high supply energy for the said electrical consumers with the risk of destruction of these electrical consumers, it is necessary to interpose corresponding electrical circuit means in order to supply energy suitable for the relevant electrotechnical consumers receive and if necessary to ensure electrical isolation. However, this means a high technical complexity with correspondingly high costs.

For example, it is necessary to obtain the power supply of a small temperature sensor from the power supply lines of an electric motor which has a motor voltage of, for example, 230V or 400V or a variable motor voltage a converter supply, it is necessary to use a rectifier and / or buck converter and / or transformer.

Another possibility is to use batteries or accumulators for this purpose.

A disadvantage of batteries and accumulators is that they are continuously monitored and replaced from time to time. This means a total of a lot of work and thus high costs. In particular, the high cost is also caused by the necessity of providing the many batteries and accumulators.

In addition to the batteries and / or rechargeable batteries, it is also possible to use vibration generators, thermal generators or solar cells, for example, for providing a required supply energy. But these are also costly measures.

The object of the present invention is, starting from a terminal block of the type mentioned, to improve this technically in such a way that thus for electrotechnical consumers who need a permanent power supply and located in the environment of power supply lines, a self-sufficient, that is, permanent and maintenance-free, electrical power supply is possible.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an advantageous use of such terminal blocks.

The first part of the above object is achieved by an electrotechnical terminal block having the characterizing features of claim 1.

The second part of the above object is achieved by a use which is defined by the claim 9. The electrotechnical terminal block according to the invention has at least one single terminal element, to which a ring consisting of soft-magnetic material with good magnetic flux-line properties is attached. On the ring, a secondary coil is arranged with connecting lines for an electrical consumer that can be connected to these connecting lines. The ring is associated with a relevant terminal element in such a way that, firstly, a line path is provided with an active power supply line connected to this terminal element, in the vicinity of which there is a dynamic electromagnetic field which, thirdly, acts inductively on the secondary coil of the ring. Due to the inductive effect of the dynamic electromagnetic field on the secondary coil of the ring, a voltage is induced in the secondary coil of the ring, which can be tapped off as a usable supply energy for the mentioned electrical consumer at the connection cables belonging to the secondary coil.

The said usable supply energy is present as long as the relevant mains supply line is active, whereby it can be assumed that the relevant mains supply line is always active. The said usable supply energy is therefore continuously available to said electrical consumer. As a result of the measures according to the invention, a self-sufficient, that is to say continuous and maintenance-free, supply energy is available to said electrotechnical consumer as required by the task.

A particularly advantageous use of a terminal block according to the invention results in connection with power supply lines associated terminal or junction boxes. The task of such terminal or terminal boxes is to connect power supply lines with other electrical engineering entities electrotechnically. In doing so, is almost incidentally in the terminal or terminal box, a dynamic electromagnetic field, which is made useful by the terminal blocks according to the invention. In addition, terminal blocks are already used in these terminal or terminal boxes, so that these terminal blocks are to be exchanged only by connecting terminal blocks according to the invention, which is possible in the terminal or junction boxes in a simple manner.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

Thereafter, the ring is arranged with the secondary coil with respect to the said conduction path in such a way that the conduction path is guided through the ring. In this way, the usable supply energy obtained by induction is maximally large and certainly obtained. In addition, the effort for the preservation and utilization of usable energy supply is minimized.

The abovementioned advantages are obtained in a simple manner by the fact that an electrotechnically insulating carrier part is used for the terminal elements of a terminal block, on which the terminal elements are mounted. In this case, a ring associated with a respectively relevant terminal element is arranged with a first body part region in the carrier part and with a second body part region above the carrier part.

With these measures, the realization of a accomplished with a respective power supply line conduction path that leads through the ring with the secondary coil, in a particularly simple manner possible. Either only the respective mains supply line is inserted through said ring and then connected to a respective associated terminal element, or is an outgoing from a respective power supply line to an associated terminal element electrical line fixedly mounted through the said ring through and the relevant associated power supply line needs to be connected only to the associated terminal element.

By choosing a permeability constant greater than 1, said ring has good flux line properties for an electromagnetic flux generated in the ring.

It is particularly advantageous if the secondary coil is fastened to the corresponding ring part in the carrier part, but at the same time the connection lines of the secondary coil are kept accessible from outside the carrier part for a connection possibility. As a result, the secondary coil is protected against the action of destructive mechanical forces.

By selecting an appropriate material with a corresponding predetermined permeability constant for the ring, a predetermined magnetic saturation of the ring can be adjusted, which can be prevented by a too high induction in the secondary coil of the ring connected to the secondary coil of the ring electrical consumer gets destroyed.

As electrotechnical consumers, sensors which are often required can advantageously be used, for example, to determine physical variables such as temperatures, pressures, vibrations and so on, for which the supply energy provided by the secondary coil of the ring of the terminal block according to the invention is sufficiently large.

The terminal elements of the connection terminal blocks according to the invention can be realized in an advantageous manner, for example as Schraubklemmverbindungen or as Federkraftklemmverbindungen. Particularly advantageous is the use of the terminal block according to the invention in a terminal box or terminal box of an electric motor, because there on the one hand already terminal blocks and on the other hand mains supply lines are used.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:

Figure 1 shows an electrical terminal block according to the invention schematically in a front view, and

Figure 2 is an electrical terminal block according to the figure 1 schematically in a plan view.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a terminal block 1 according to the invention is shown with a carrier part 2 made of plastic and thus electrically insulating material, on which according to the present exemplary embodiment, in particular FIG. 2, three pairs each are formed from terminal elements 3, 4.

The respective individual terminal elements 3, 4 of the pairs of terminal elements 3, 4 are designed, for example, as threaded bolts on which screw nuts not shown in detail in the drawing can be screwed.

The respective pairs of terminal elements 3, 4 are according to the present embodiment in each case both one of three strands 5 of an electric motor not shown in the drawing as well as one of three independent power supply lines, which may originate from a three-phase power supply, but in the drawing are not shown, assigned. The individual line strands 5 together form a unit here in the present embodiment, a motor cable of the addressed electric motor. In detail, the connection terminal element provided with the reference numeral 3 is connected to a wiring harness 5 and the connection terminal element provided with the reference numeral 4 is connected to a power supply line per pair of connection terminal elements 3, 4.

The individual terminal elements 3, 4 of a pair of terminal elements 3, 4 are electrically conductively connected to each other, which is not shown in detail in the present drawing. In this way, a relevant power supply line feeds a relevant wiring harness 5 of the electric motor with a grid energy.

As FIG. 2 shows in particular, the individual strands of wire 5 are terminated with a cable lug 6 for connecting the respective strands of wire 5 to the respective connection terminal elements 3, which in each case are slipped over a respectively relevant threaded bolt of a respectively relevant connection terminal element 4 and there then with a respectively already mentioned nut are clamped electrically conductive on the terminal block stone 1.

The same applies in the present embodiment also with respect to the respective terminal elements 4 and the respective associated power supply lines. For the sake of simplicity, however, this is not shown in detail in the drawing.

In the present exemplary embodiment, a respective ring 7 (FIG. 2), which consists of a soft magnetic material with good magnetic flux conduction properties, is associated with the respective terminal clamp elements 3. For example, the rings may be made of a ferrite material or soft magnetic composite materials (SMC).

On a respective ring 7, a respective secondary coil 8 (Figure 1) is arranged, each of the connecting lines 9 for having a connection of an electrical consumer not shown in detail in the drawing.

The rings 7 are assigned in this way to a terminal element 3 in each case, that in a connection to this terminal element 3 directly or, as realized in the present embodiment, via Anschlußklemmenele- elements 4 indirectly connected and active power supply line in the environment of a connected to the mains supply line resulting line path existing dynamic electromagnetic field inductively on the relevant secondary coil 8 of the ring concerned 7 acts. In this case, the effect is such that an electrotechnical supply energy which can be used by an electrotechnical consumer connected to these connecting lines 9 can be tapped off at the relevant respective connecting lines 9 of the respectively relevant secondary coil 8.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2 together, the respective ring 7 is arranged with its secondary coil 8 with respect to an associated said conduction path in such a way that the respective respective conduction path is guided through the relevant ring 7 therethrough.

As FIGS. 1 and 2 further show, a respective ring 7 is fastened on the one hand to a first body part region 10 in the carrier part 2 and is arranged with a second body part region 11 above the carrier part 2. The respective secondary coil 8 is in each case wound around that body part region 10 of the ring 7, which is fastened in the carrier part 2. The respective connection lines 9 of the respective secondary coils 7 are simultaneously kept accessible from outside the carrier part 2.

According to the present embodiment, the individual rings 7 have a permeability constant μ> 1. In addition, 7 such soft magnetic materials are selected for the individual rings that by the choice of soft magnetic Material is given a magnetic saturation of the material in the presence of predetermined electrical engineering conditions.

As a possible electrical consumer that can be connected to a secondary coil 8 of a ring 7, for example, a sensor that determines a given physical quantity, such as a temperature, is used.

As described above, the terminal members 3, 4 are realized as screw terminal connections. Conceivable, however, are other terminal connections, such as spring clamp terminals.

The terminal blocks 1, as described above, can be used for example in terminal or junction boxes. In particular, electric motors have such terminal or junction boxes. The terminal blocks 1 can therefore, in particular in connection with the said

Be used electric motors.

Rings 7 need not be provided for each existing power supply line. These can be provided for one or more so-called phases of a network supply depending on an energy requirement for electrical consumers to be used.

By choosing the material for a ring 7, as already mentioned, the magnetic saturation of the ring 7 can be considered within limits. It then enters a saturation of the ring material from a certain current flow.

The induced in a ring 7 voltage U is calculated from the law of induction according to the following relationship:

U = -N * dΦ / dt «f * B« f * μ * I Equation (1). In the equation (1), N stands for the number of turns of the secondary coil 8, B for the induction passing through the ring 7, f for the frequency of the current I and μ for the permeability of the material of the ring 7. The voltage U thus increases with the amplitude and the frequency of the current I and with the permeability μ.

The tapped voltage U is known geometry, with known winding number N, with known material properties μ and at a known frequency f, e.g. at mains frequency, a measure of the current flowing in the supply line I. This can be calculated directly from the voltage U. The sensor to be supplied can thus also determine the current I cost if necessary. If two or three rings 7 are installed, all three currents I of a feeding three-phase system can be determined by the first church law or directly.

A further added benefit can be drawn from the determination of the zero crossings of all three phase currents. From the determination of the zero crossings of the currents at the connection terminal elements 3, 4 can be concluded that the direction of rotation of the rotating rotating field and thus the direction of rotation.

If the electrical consumer / sensor to be supplied is located in the stationary part of the terminal box, the load / sensor may also be injected. If the load / sensor is located in the cover of the terminal box, the sensor can be supplied via a cable. Via a cable, the energy obtained via the rings 7 can also be conducted to other locations.

The energy obtained with the rings 7 is advantageously electrically isolated from the supply voltage used for this purpose. In addition to the possibility of determining the direction of rotation of a feeding three-phase system and thus the direction of rotation of an electric motor and the detection of a phase change in such a system is possible.

Claims

claims

1. An electrotechnical terminal block (1) for connecting at least a single mains supply line comprising, for each mains supply line to be connected to the terminal block (1), an electrically insulated terminal element (3; 4), characterized in that at least one of the terminal elements ( 3) of the terminal block (1) has a ring (7) composed of soft magnetic material with good magnetic flux conduction properties, which has a secondary coil (8) arranged thereon with connecting lines (9) for an electrical consumer that can be connected to these connecting lines (9), and that the ring (7) in the manner associated with a respective terminal element (eg 3), that in an on this terminal element (eg 3) connected and active power supply line in the environment of a resulting with the connected power supply line Leads way existing dynamic electromagnetic field inductively on the secondary coil (8) of the ring (7) acts in such a way that on the connecting lines (9) of the secondary coil (8) of a connected to these connecting lines (9) electrical appliances usable electro - Technical supply energy can be tapped.

2. Terminal block according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring (7) with the secondary coil

(8) is arranged with respect to said pathway in such a way that the conduction path is passed through the ring (7).

3. terminal block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that te the Anschlußklemmenelemen- te (3, - 4) of a terminal block (1) an electrotechnically insulating support member (2) is provided on which the terminal elements (3; 4) are mounted and that a respective one of a terminal element (eg 3) attached ter ring (7) with a first body portion (10) fixed in the support part (2) and with a second body part region (11) above the support member (2) is arranged.

4. Terminal block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ring (7) has a permeability constant μ> 1.

5. Terminal block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary coil

(8) around the body portion (10) of the ring (7) is wound, which is fixed in the support part (2), and that the connecting lines (9) of the secondary coil (8) from outside the support part (2) are accessible.

6. Terminal block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the ring (7) such a soft magnetic material is selected, that is given by the choice of the soft magnetic material, a magnetic saturation saturation of the material in the presence of predetermined electrotechnical conditions.

7. Terminal block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a därspule on the secondary (8) connected electrical consumer is formed by a predetermined physical size detecting sensor.

8. Terminal block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Anschlußklem- menelemente (3; 4) are designed according to the principle of Schraubklemmenverbindungen or spring terminal connections.

9. Use of a terminal block according to one of claims 1 to 8 in a power supply lines associated terminal or junction box.

10. Use of a terminal block according to claim 9, characterized in that the terminal or terminal box is a terminal or terminal box of an electric motor.