WO2010133123A1 - 转发视频数据的方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents

转发视频数据的方法、装置和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010133123A1
WO2010133123A1 PCT/CN2010/072350 CN2010072350W WO2010133123A1 WO 2010133123 A1 WO2010133123 A1 WO 2010133123A1 CN 2010072350 W CN2010072350 W CN 2010072350W WO 2010133123 A1 WO2010133123 A1 WO 2010133123A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packet
visual sensitivity
packets
media stream
video
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Application number
PCT/CN2010/072350
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡寅亮
郑合文
颜小俊
于文晓
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP10777327.7A priority Critical patent/EP2424241B1/en
Publication of WO2010133123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133123A1/zh
Priority to US13/300,214 priority patent/US20120063462A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64784Data processing by the network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/23608Remultiplexing multiplex streams, e.g. involving modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383Accessing a communication channel
    • H04N21/4384Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64746Control signals issued by the network directed to the server or the client
    • H04N21/64753Control signals issued by the network directed to the server or the client directed to the client
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64Addressing
    • H04N21/6408Unicasting

Definitions

  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • the channel switching delay is relatively long, which seriously affects the user's Quality of Experience (QoE).
  • QoE Quality of Experience
  • STB Set Top Box
  • the new channel can decode the time consumed by the I frame, etc., wherein the time for waiting for the new channel I frame is a key part thereof.
  • the IPTV system currently uses MPEG-2 and H.264 coding standards for video compression.
  • the TV picture is encoded into a group of pictures (GOP) consisting of I frames, P frames, and B frames.
  • the I frame is called the internal frame.
  • Encoded frames, which can be decoded independently, are also called key frames;
  • P frames are called forward-predicted frames, which are generated by P-frames or I-frame predictions in front of them, which cannot be decoded independently;
  • B-frames are also called bidirectional interpolation frames. It is generated based on the prediction of the previous previous frame and the next frame, and cannot be decoded independently.
  • the network device is receiving When the channel switching request is made to the user, the media stream starting from the I frame is quickly pushed to the user terminal in the cache, thereby reducing the delay of the user terminal waiting for the I frame, and implementing fast channel switching.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the user terminal requests to join the multicast group corresponding to the new channel, and after joining the multicast group, receives the real-time multicast media stream;
  • the traffic of the burst media stream that the network device needs to push quickly is large.
  • the buffer of the user terminal has high requirements, and the low-end end.
  • the user terminal will lose the message due to buffer overflow, affecting the picture quality, and has high requirements on the transmission bandwidth; and the burst push duration is relatively long. If it is pushed on the bandwidth-limited line, the long-term fast push causes the loss.
  • the message consumes extra retransmission time and bandwidth, which also increases the burden on the server.
  • the device for forwarding video data includes: a receiving module, configured to receive a media stream; a cache module, configured to cache the media stream received by the receiving module; and a first processing module, configured to parse the cache The media stream buffered by the module, the TS packets are obtained, and the visual sensitivity priority of each TS packet is evaluated and identified; and the second processing module is configured to discard the low visual sensitivity according to the evaluation of the first processing module.
  • a TS packet which re-packages a TS packet with high visual sensitivity to form a new media stream
  • a first sending module configured to send a new media stream formed by repackaging the second processing module to the user equipment;
  • the TS packet with high visual sensitivity includes at least a video TS packet encapsulating an inner coded frame.
  • the embodiment of the invention further discloses a method for evaluating a visual sensitivity of a TS packet, comprising: receiving and buffering a media stream, identifying a video TS packet from the cached media stream; determining a requirement according to the TS packet
  • the disassembled picture group, the video frames in the picture group are reversely disassembled according to the frame reference relationship; the visual sensitivity priority of each video frame is determined according to the disassembly sequence of each video frame; according to the video TS
  • the visual sensitivity priority of the video frames encapsulated in the packet is evaluated and the visual sensitivity priority of the video TS packet is identified.
  • the network device discards the video TS packets with low visual sensitivity as needed, and repackages the TS packets with high visual sensitivity into media streams for transmission, without affecting the user's visual experience. Reduce data traffic in the network and improve transmission efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for forwarding video data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forwarding video data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for evaluating a video frame visual sensitivity priority according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame in a GOP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for forwarding video data, which are applied in the field of video transmission, and are used to reduce data traffic in a network without affecting a user's visual experience.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is applied to video transmission using the MPEG-2 TS standard package.
  • MPEG-2 TS is a specification that combines video, audio, and other data elementary streams into one or more data streams suitable for storage or transmission. Depending on the quality of the transmission medium.
  • Two different format specifications are defined in MPEG-2: Transport Stream (TS) and Program Stream (PS).
  • TS Transport Stream
  • PS Program Stream
  • the difference between the TS stream and the PS stream is that the packet structure of the TS stream is of a fixed length, and the packet structure of the PS stream is of variable length. Since the TS stream adopts a fixed-length packet structure, when the synchronization information of a certain TS packet is destroyed in the transmission, the receiving device can detect the synchronization information in the subsequent packet of the TS packet at a fixed position, thereby restoring synchronization, thereby avoiding Information is lost.
  • the TS stream provides sufficient flexibility for multiplexing multiple data, while also exhibiting advantages such as dynamic bandwidth allocation, scalability, scalability, anti-jamming, etc., which makes TS Universally applied and become a common standard in the media industry.
  • each IP packet can carry up to 7 TS packets.
  • the 7 TS packets may contain video packets of different load types (such as I frame, P frame or B frame), audio packets, Program Association Table (PAT), Program Map Table (PMT). , padding, etc.
  • the transmission priority of the TS packet can be determined, and the transmission priority of the IP packet can be further determined.
  • the priority of the IP packet can be determined. Perform selective discarding. However, when a TS packet of different priorities is mixed in an IP packet, the IP packet cannot be discarded as long as the IP packet has a high priority TS packet.
  • a schematic flowchart of a method for forwarding video data includes the following steps:
  • S100 Receive and buffer a media stream that is sent by the head end or forwarded by another network device. After parsing the buffered media stream and obtaining the TS packets therein, the visual sensitivity priority of each TS packet is evaluated and identified.
  • the media stream buffered in the above process may be a multicast media stream or a unicast media stream.
  • the priority of all the TS packets is collectively referred to as the visual sensitivity priority, but it should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention provides that the non-video TS packet carries audio and other control information. All non-video TS packets have high visual sensitivity priority and cannot be discarded. Among them, the video TS package has high visual sensitivity and its priority is high; on the contrary, the video TS packet has low visual sensitivity and its priority is low.
  • high visual sensitivity is equivalent to high visual sensitivity priority
  • low visual sensitivity is equivalent to low visual sensitivity priority.
  • the level of visual sensitivity in the present application is a relative concept, which can be specifically set or specified by the user according to the requirements for picture clarity, network bandwidth occupation, etc., which is not required by the present application.
  • video TS packets with low visual sensitivity may be discarded according to a set ratio, a network congestion condition, a channel description, a configuration parameter, or a set priority.
  • the TS packet with high visual sensitivity includes at least a video TS packet encapsulating an internal coded frame, and cannot be discarded.
  • the non-video TS packet may not be discarded in this embodiment.
  • step S120 Send a new media stream re-encapsulated in step S110 to the user equipment.
  • the process of re-encapsulating the TS packet in the step S110 may be: after the IP packet is parsed, the TS packet with low visual sensitivity is discarded.
  • the IP packet header of the IP packet is re-encapsulated with the TS packet with high visual sensitivity to form a new IP packet (the length is smaller than the original IP packet, but the sequence number is unchanged); or the original packet header may be Both are discarded, and the packet header is encapsulated for the TS packet to be transmitted.
  • the contiguous IP packets with less than 7 TS packets after the TS packets with low visual sensitivity are discarded are reassembled to form a new bearer media stream.
  • the embodiment may further include:
  • the network device discards the TS packets with low visual sensitivity in the video packet, and repackages the TS packets with high visual sensitivity to form a media stream carried by the IP packet, and sends the data stream to the user equipment, and uses the retransmission suppression mechanism.
  • the user equipment does not request retransmission of IP packets whose RTP sequence numbers are discontinued due to re-encapsulation, which improves transmission efficiency and saves network bandwidth.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic flowchart of a method for forwarding video data according to another embodiment of the present invention is applied to a fast channel switching scenario, and includes the following steps:
  • the head end sends a channel multicast media stream to the fast channel switching server.
  • the head end may send a channel multicast media stream of multiple channels.
  • the channel multicast media stream is carried by an IP packet.
  • other network devices may also send a channel multicast media stream to the fast channel switching server.
  • the fast channel switching server receives the channel multicast media stream of multiple channels, it needs to store the multiple channel multicast media streams separately to avoid an error when transmitting the program.
  • Program Specific Information of each channel can also be identified and stored from the buffered media stream.
  • the program specific information includes a Program Association Table (PAT), a Program Mapping Table (PMT), a Conditional Access Table (CAT), and a Network Information Table (NIT). .
  • PAT Program Association Table
  • PMT Program Mapping Table
  • CAT Conditional Access Table
  • NIT Network Information Table
  • the fast channel switching server quickly pushes the unicast burst stream to the user equipment.
  • the fast channel switching server when the fast channel switching server quickly pushes the unicast burst stream to the user equipment, the fast channel switching server may select Pushing starts from an I-frame or IDR frame (corresponding to the H.264 standard) that can be independently decoded.
  • the channel program for MPEG2-TS encapsulation needs to rely on the program specific information PSI to demultiplex and decode, so in this case, it is also necessary to push the PSI of the second channel before starting to push the I frame or the IDR frame, of course, You can choose to start pushing from the first PAT message before the I frame or IDR frame.
  • the program specific information PSI of the second channel buffered in step S210 may be first pushed to the user equipment, and then the push is continued from the I frame or the IDR frame actually pushed, so that The user equipment can decode the display immediately after receiving the I frame or the IDR frame, which reduces the duration of the fast channel switching.
  • the PSI pushed above may be a summary of a plurality of dispersed PSIs of the cached second channel.
  • the TS packet with high visual sensitivity is re-encapsulated into a unicast burst stream in step S240, and the IP packet can be parsed and the visual sensitivity is discarded.
  • a low TS packet which only retains a visually sensitive TS packet in the IP packet, and re-encapsulates the IP packet header corresponding to the user equipment for the packet; or may discard the TS packet with low visual sensitivity.
  • the contiguous IP packets with less than 7 TS packets are reassembled to form a new IP packet, and the IP packet header corresponding to the user equipment is encapsulated for the new IP packet.
  • the IP packet of the new combination may be in a discontinuous manner.
  • the embodiment may further include:
  • a schematic flowchart of a method for forwarding video data according to another embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a scenario in which a network is congested.
  • the method in this embodiment includes:
  • IP packets may have discontinuous RTP sequence numbers.
  • the embodiment may further include:
  • the network device sends a retransmission suppression message to the user equipment, so that the user equipment does not request retransmission of the IP packet with the discontinuous RTP sequence number formed in the re-encapsulation process in step S330.
  • the step S330 repackages the TS packets with high visual sensitivity to form a new media stream, which may be that the network device is visually sensitive.
  • the high-quality TS packet is encapsulated into a new media stream carried by the IP packet, and the packet header of the IP packet carries the corresponding information of the user equipment.
  • the network device selectively discards the TS packets with low visual sensitivity in the channel media stream to be sent according to the network congestion condition, and re-encapsulates the TS packets with high visual sensitivity into IP packets and sends the packets to the user equipment.
  • the retransmission suppression message is used to prevent the user equipment from retransmitting the IP packet with the RTP sequence number formed by the combined IP packet, which can effectively reduce the data traffic in the network and reduce network congestion.
  • the amount of buffered data of each channel may be set according to a configuration, such as a buffer capable of playing a media stream of 2s or 4s, and the media stream may include audio, video, and other information included in the channel.
  • the IP packets are sorted according to the real-time transfer protocol (RTP) sequence number to ensure that the IP packets are stored in order.
  • the retransmission suppression message may be an IP packet that needs to be normally sent to the user equipment that carries the retransmission suppression information, or may be an extended real-time transmission protocol (Real-time Transfer). Protocol, RTP) message or Real-time Transfer Control Protocol (RTCP) message.
  • Identifying video TS packets and non-video TS packets (such as audio TS packets and TS packets encapsulating other control information) from the buffered media stream, and setting the visual sensitivity to a high priority for non-video TS packets.
  • Level not discardable;
  • For video TS packets mark the group of pictures (GOP) and the beginning and end of each frame (ie, the frame boundary).
  • the Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) can identify video key information such as PAT, PMT, and frame start tag.
  • the video source ie, the head end
  • Special information identifies key video information.
  • the method for evaluating the visual sensitivity of each video frame, and the method for specifically evaluating the visual sensitivity of the video frame may refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, including:
  • the Temporal Level indicates the reference relationship of the frame, and the layer with the highest time domain level is the non-reference layer, and all the frames in the layer are not referenced by other frames, for example, in FIG. B frames located in the Temporal Level equal to 4 layers (including Bl, B3, B5, B7, B9, B11, B13, B15) are not referenced by other frames. Since these frames are not referenced by other frames, they will not be discarded after being discarded. Affects the decoding display of the remaining video frame sequence; the other layers are reference layers, and all the frames in these layers are referenced by other frames.
  • the Temporal Level is equal to 0, 1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers.
  • the frames (including I, P, B8, B4, B12, B2, B6, B10, B14) will be referenced by other frames.
  • B14 will be referenced by B13 and B15
  • B10 will be referenced by B9 and B11. Since these frames are referenced by other frames, if these frames are discarded separately, a decoding error will occur, causing the picture to bloom. But if other frames referring to a frame have been discarded, the frame is It becomes a non-reference frame, and then discarding the frame will not affect the decoding display of the remaining video frame sequence.
  • the specific disassembly method may include: a) disassembling the video frame from the last video frame of the non-reference layer (from the back to the front) to the reference layer, in this embodiment, starting from B15; b) referring to a video After all the other video frames generated by the frame are disassembled, the referenced video frame is then disassembled. In this embodiment, both B15 and B13 are generated with reference to B14, and after B15 and B13 are disassembled, B14 is started to be disassembled. . After disassembling B14, the video frames are continuously disassembled from the non-reference layer until the video frames in the entire GOP are completely disassembled.
  • the disassembly sequence of each video frame in the GOP shown in FIG. 6 is: B15, B13, B14, B11, B9, B10, B12, B7, B5, B6, B3, Bl, B2, B4, B8 , P, I.
  • S520. Determine a visual sensitivity priority of each video frame according to a disassembly sequence of each video frame.
  • the visual sensitivity of each video frame shown in FIG. 6 is prioritized, if the video frame of the first disassembled has a low visual sensitivity priority and the post-decomposed video frame has a high visual sensitivity priority.
  • the levels from low to high are: B15, B13, B14, Bl l, B9, B10, B12, B7, B5, B6, B3, Bl, B2, B4, B8, P, I.
  • the visual sensitivity priority of the TS packet is the visual of the video frame.
  • Sensitivity priority when the TS packet contains multiple video frames, the visual sensitivity priority of the TS packet is the visual sensitivity priority of the highest priority video frame included in the TS packet; when the TS packet contains the internal encoding frame , identifies its high priority and cannot be discarded.
  • the visual sensitivity priority of each TS packet can be evaluated, and then which TS packets can be discarded according to the channel description characteristics, configuration parameters, network congestion conditions, set packet loss ratio, and the like.
  • the receiving module 41 is configured to receive a multicast stream that is sent by the head end or forwarded by another network device (refer to steps S100, S200, and S300 for a specific implementation manner);
  • the first processing module 43 is configured to parse the multicast stream buffered by the cache module 42, obtain the TS packets, and evaluate and identify the visual sensitivity priority of each TS packet. For details, refer to steps S100 and S210. S310);
  • the first processing module may further include: a first submodule, configured to distinguish a video TS packet from the TS packet, and evaluate and identify a visual sensitivity priority of the video TS packet.
  • the first submodule specifically includes: a group determining module, configured to determine, according to the video TS packet, a group of pictures that need to be disassembled according to the video TS packet in the media stream; and a disassembling module, configured to reversely disassemble each of the picture group GOPs determined by the determining module according to the frame reference relationship a first priority determining module, configured to determine a visual sensitivity priority of each of the disassembled video frames according to an order in which the disassembling module disassembles each video frame; and a second priority determining module, configured to And determining, by the first priority determining module, a visual sensitivity priority of each video frame, and determining a visual sensitivity priority of the video TS packet encapsulating the video frame.
  • the second processing module 44 is configured to discard the TS packets with low visual sensitivity according to the evaluation of the first processing module 43 and repackage the TS packets with high visual sensitivity to form a new media stream. For details, refer to steps S110 and S240. S330);
  • the first sending module 45 is configured to send a new media stream that is re-encapsulated by the second processing module 44 to the user equipment. For details, refer to steps S120, S250, and S340.
  • the device in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a determining module 46, configured to determine whether congestion occurs in the network, and trigger the second processing module 44 to discard the TS packet with low visual sensitivity when the network is congested, and the visual sensitivity is High TS packets are repackaged to form a new multicast media stream or unicast media stream.
  • a determining module 46 configured to determine whether congestion occurs in the network, and trigger the second processing module 44 to discard the TS packet with low visual sensitivity when the network is congested, and the visual sensitivity is High TS packets are repackaged to form a new multicast media stream or unicast media stream.
  • the receiving module 41 in the device of the embodiment of the present invention is further configured to receive a fast channel switching request sent by the user equipment, and trigger the second processing module 44 to discard the TS packet with low visual sensitivity according to the fast channel switching request.
  • the TS packets with high visual sensitivity are re-encapsulated to form a unicast burst stream corresponding to the channel requested by the user.
  • the second processing module 44 re-encapsulates the TS packet with high visual sensitivity to form a new media, and then discards the IP packet after parsing the IP packet.
  • a TS packet with low sensitivity retains only TS packets with high visual sensitivity in the IP packet. It may also re-send several consecutive IP packets with less than 7 TS packets after discarding the TS packets with low visual sensitivity. Combine to form a new IP message. In the latter case, the new combined IP packet will have a discontinuous RTP sequence number.
  • the apparatus in this embodiment may further include:
  • the network device can discard the TS packets with low visual sensitivity in the media stream, thereby reducing the delay of fast channel switching, reducing network congestion, and improving the network user experience without affecting the user's visual experience. Transmission efficiency.
  • the present invention can be implemented by hardware, or by software plus necessary general hardware platform.
  • the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which may be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.), including several The instructions are for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

Description

转发视频数据的方法、 装置和系统 本申请要求于 2009年 5月 22日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910107617.2、发明 名称为 "转发视频数据的方法、 装置和系统"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过 引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及网络通信技术中的视频通信技术, 尤其涉及一种转发视频数据的方法、 装置和系统。 背景技术 因特网协议电视(Internet Protocol Television, IPTV)是一种利用宽带有线电视 网, 集互联网、 多媒体、 通讯等多种技术于一体, 能够向用户提供包括数字电视 在内的多种交互式服务的崭新技术。 IPTV系统中的一个焦点问题是快速频道切换,现 有 IPTV系统中频道切换时延都比较长, 严重影响用户视觉体验(Quality of Experience, QoE) 。 影响 IPTV频道切换时延的因素有多种, 包括离开旧频道组播组的时间, 加入新 频道组播组的时间, 用户终端, 例如机顶盒(Set Top Box, STB)去抖动缓存填充时间, 等待新频道可解码 I帧消耗的时间等, 其中, 等待新频道 I帧的时间是其中的关键部分。
IPTV系统目前普遍采用 MPEG-2、 H.264编码标准进行视频压缩, 电视画面被编码 成由 I帧、 P帧以及 B帧组成的画面组(Group of Pictures, GOP) , 其中 I帧称为内部编码 帧, 可以独立解码显示, 又称为关键帧; P帧称为前向预测帧, 由在它前面的 P帧或者 I 帧预测生成, 它不能独立解码显示; B帧也叫双向内插帧, 它根据相邻的前一帧、 后一 帧预测生成, 也不能独立解码显示。 由于 P帧、 B帧采用帧间参考编码算法, 不必编码整 个视频画面, 因此比 I帧具有更高的编码效率。 广播电视运营时为了获取更高的压缩率, 采用的编码序列通常 I帧间隔在 0.55秒左右, 这样形成的编码形式中 P帧、 B帧的数量远 远多于 I帧, 当用户切换频道时, 大部分情况下遇到的是 P帧或 B帧, 若此时网络设备直 接从该 P帧或 B帧开始将媒体流推送给用户终端(如 STB), 由于 P帧、 B帧必须依靠前面 的 I帧才能解码, 用户终端在收到 P帧、 B帧后也只有丢弃, 并等到下一个 I帧后才能开 始解码。
为了解决等待 I帧引起的频道切换延时过长的问题,现有技术方案中, 网络设备在收 到用户的频道切换请求时, 在缓存中获取从 I帧开始的媒体流快速推送给用户终端, 从 而减少了用户终端等待 I帧的时延, 实现了快速频道切换, 具体步骤如下:
(1) 网络设备实时缓存各个 IPTV频道对应的媒体流;
(2)频道切换的时候, 用户终端从网络设备请求新频道的媒体流;
(3) 网络设备将缓存的新频道的媒体流从 I帧开始通过单播快速推送给用户终端;
(4)用户终端接收到完整 I帧后,开始解码播放新频道的视频;
(5)用户终端请求加入新频道对应的组播组, 并在加入组播组后, 接收实时组播媒 体流;
(6) 当用户终端发现从网络设备获取到的媒体流与实时组播媒体流出现重复的时 候, 停止从网络设备获取单播媒体流。
然而, 当 IPTV直播电视的 GOP比较长(4〜8秒) , gPl帧间隔比较长的时候, 在用 户终端请求频道切换时, 网络设备需要快速推送的突发媒体流的流量就会很大, 极端情 况下需要将缓存的 1〜7秒的媒体流都要快速推送给用户终端, 这样一来, 由于突发流的 数据量比较大,对用户终端的缓存器有较高要求, 中低端的用户终端会因缓存溢出而丢 失报文,影响画面质量,同时对传送带宽有较高要求;并且突发推送持续时间比较长,如 果在带宽受限线路上推送,长时间快速推送导致的丢失报文会耗费额外的重传时间和带 宽, 也增加了服务器的负担。
此外, 随着 Triple-play业务的快速发展, 尤其是视频业务的日益丰富, 对网络带宽 的需求也不断增加, 现有的网络带宽远不能满足用户的需求, 因此, 不可避免的会出现 网络拥塞。 网络拥塞时, 现有技术通常采用随机丢弃的机制, 当网络设备缓存队列被占 满后, 不考虑所传送数据的优先级差异, 直接丢弃新到达的数据包。对于视频业务, 如 果随机丢弃掉一些重要的数据, 就会出现画面花屏、 抖动等用户不可接受的问题, 严重 影响用户视觉体验 QoE。
综合以上情况, 在视频传输过程中, 需要在不影响终端用户画面体验的前提下, 通 过选择性的丢弃掉一些视频数据, 以减少切换时延, 提高传输效率, 减轻网络负担。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种转发视频数据的方法、装置和系统。 能够在传输视频的过 程中, 减少切换时延, 减轻网络负担。
本发明实施例所述转发视频数据的方法包括: 接收并缓存媒体流, 解析所述缓存的 媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包, 评估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级; 丢弃视觉 敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流; 向用户设备发 送所述重新封装形成的新的媒体流; 其中, 所述视觉敏感度高的 TS包至少包括封装了 内部编码帧的视频 TS包。
本发明实施例所述转发视频数据的装置包括: 接收模块, 用于接收媒体流; 缓存模块, 用于缓存所述接收模块接收的所述媒体流; 第一处理模块, 用于解析所述缓 存模块缓存的所述媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包, 评估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度 优先级;第二处理模块,用于根据所述第一处理模块的评估丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流; 第一发送模块, 用于将所述第二处 理模块重新封装形成的新的媒体流发送给用户设备; 其中, 所述视觉敏感度高的 TS包 至少包括封装了内部编码帧的视频 TS包。
本发明实施例所述转发视频数据的系统至少包括所述转发视频数据的装置。
本发明实施例还公开了一种评估 TS包视觉敏感度优先级的方法, 包括: 接收并缓 存媒体流, 从所述缓存的媒体流中, 识别出视频 TS包; 根据所述 TS包确定需要拆解 的画面组, 按照帧参考关系逆向拆解出所述画面组中的各个视频帧; 根据各视频帧的拆 解顺序由低到高确定各视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级; 根据视频 TS包中封装的视频帧的 视觉敏感度优先级评估并标识所述视频 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级。
通过实施本发明上述实施例,使网络设备根据需要丢弃视觉敏感度低的视频 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装成媒体流进行传送, 能够在不影响用户视觉体验的前 提下, 减少网络中的数据流量, 提高传输效率。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中 所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些 实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下, 还可以根据 这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例中转发视频数据的方法的流程示意图;
图 2为本发明另一实施例中转发视频数据的方法的流程示意图;
图 3为本发明另一实施例中转发视频数据的方法的流程示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例中转发视频数据的装置的结构示意图; 图 5为本发明实施例中一种评估视频帧视觉敏感度优先级的方法的流程示意图; 图 6为本发明实施例中一个 GOP中帧的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 本发明实施例提供了一种转发视频数据的方法,装置和系统,应用在视频传输领域, 用于在不影响用户视觉体验的前提下,减少网络中的数据流量。作为一种具体实现方式, 本发明实施例应用在采用 MPEG-2 TS标准封装的视频传输中。
MPEG-2 TS是将视频、音频及其他数据基本流组合成一个或者多个适于存储或传输 的数据流的规范。 根据传输媒介质量的不同。 MPEG-2中定义了两种不同的格式规范: 传输流(Transport Stream, TS)和节目流(Program Stream, PS)。 TS流与 PS流的区别 在于 TS流的包结构是固定长度的, 而 PS流的包结构是可变长度的。 由于 TS流采用了 固定长度的包结构, 当传输中破坏了某一 TS包的同步信息时, 接收设备可以在固定的 位置检测该 TS包的后续包中的同步信息, 从而恢复同步, 避免了信息丢失。 并且, 由 于采用了固定长度包格式, TS流在为多路数据复用提供充分的灵活性的同时也表现出 譬如动态带宽分配、 可分级、 可扩展、 抗干扰等诸多的优点, 这使得 TS普遍应用并成 为媒体行业通用标准。
在基于 MPEG-2 TS封装视频流的场景下, 由于每个 IP报文有 1500个字节, 而每 个 TS包只有 188个字节, 因此每个 IP报文中最多可以承载 7个 TS包, 这 7个 TS包 可以包含不同负荷类型的视频包(如 I帧、 P帧或 B帧)、音频包、节目关联表(Program Association Table, PAT),节目映射表(Program Map Table, PMT)、填充包等。根据 TS 包的负荷类型可以确定 TS包的传输优先级,进一步的可确定 IP报文的传输优先级, 当 网络设备在发生拥塞或者发送单播突发流的时候可根据 IP报文的优先级进行选择性丢 弃。 然而, 当不同优先级的 TS包混装在一个 IP报文中时, 只要 IP报文中具有高优先 级的 TS包, 该 IP报文就不能被丢弃。
如图 1所示, 为本发明实施例提供的转发视频数据的方法的流程示意图, 包括如下 步骤:
S100、 接收并缓存头端发送或者其它网络设备转发的媒体流。 解析缓存的媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包后, 评估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级。
上述过程中缓存的媒体流可以是组播媒体流或者单播媒体流。
需要说明的是, 在媒体流的所有 TS包中, 既可能包括承载视频的 TS包, 还可能 包括承载音频以及其他控制信息的非视频 TS包, 本发明实施例中, 为了表述方便, 将 所有 TS包的优先级统称为视觉敏感度优先级, 但需要注意的是, 本发明实施例中规定 所有非视频 TS包具有高视觉敏感度优先级, 不能被丢弃。 其中, 视频 TS包的视觉敏 感度高, 其优先级就高; 反之, 视频 TS包的视觉敏感度低, 其优先级就低。 因此, 为 了简化描述, 本申请中, 对于视频 TS包, 视觉敏感度高等同于视觉敏感度优先级高; 视觉敏感度低等同于视觉敏感度优先级低。本申请中的视觉敏感度的高低是个相对的概 念,可以由使用者根据对画面清晰度的要求,网络带宽占用情况等进行具体设置或规定, 本申请对此不做要求。
S110、 丢弃要发送的缓存媒体流中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS 包重新封装形成新的媒体流。
本实施例中, 可以根据设定比例、 网络拥塞状况、 频道描述、 配置参数或者设定的 优先级丢弃视觉敏感度低的视频 TS包。 其中, 所述视觉敏感度高的 TS包至少包括封 装了内部编码帧的视频 TS包, 不能被丢弃。 此外, 本实施例中可以不丢弃非视频 TS 包。
在步骤 S110中, 该新的媒体流可以是由 IP报文承载的组播媒体流, 频道单播媒体 流或频道单播突发流(在快速频道切换的时候)。
S120、 向用户设备发送步骤 S110中重新封装的新的媒体流。
如果步骤 S100中缓存的媒体流是由 IP报文承载的媒体流, 上述步骤 S110中重新 封装 TS包的过程, 可以是将 IP报文进行解析后, 丢弃其中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将 该 IP报文的 IP报文头与其中视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的 IP报文(长度小 于原 IP报文,但序列号不变);也可以是将原来的报文头都丢弃,重新为需要传输的 TS 包封装报文头; 还可以是将丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包后载荷不足 7个 TS包的几个连 续的 IP报文重新组合形成新的承载媒体流的 IP报文或将所有 TS包全为视觉敏感度低 的 TS包的 IP报文直接丢弃。 在后两种情况下, 新组合的 IP报文会出现 RTP序列号不 连续的情况, 此时, 为了避免因丢包引起的重传请求对网络造成的冲击, 本实施例进一 步可以包括:
S130、 向用户设备发送重传抑制消息, 通知用户设备对步骤 S110中重新封装过程 中引起的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文不请求重传。
本发明实施例由网络设备丢弃视频报文中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高 的 TS包重新封装形成 IP报文承载的媒体流发送给用户设备,并通过重传抑制机制使用 户设备对因重新封装造成的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文不请求重传,提高了传输效率, 节约了网络带宽。
如图 2所示, 为本发明另一实施例提供的转发视频数据的方法的流程示意图, 本实 施例应用在快速频道切换场景中, 包括如下步骤:
S200、 头端向快速频道切换服务器发送频道组播媒体流。
作为一种实施方式, 头端可以发送多个频道的频道组播媒体流。 所述频道组播媒体 流由 IP报文承载。 本步骤中, 也可以是其它网络设备向快速频道切换服务器发送频道 组播媒体流。
S210、快速频道切换服务器收到频道组播媒体流后,对相应的组播媒体流进行缓存, 解析缓存的媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包后, 评估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先 级。
快速频道切换服务器如果收到的是多个频道的频道组播媒体流,需要对该多个频道 组播媒体流分别存放, 以避免传送节目的时候发生错误。
此外, 本步骤中, 还可以从缓存的媒体流中识别并存储每个频道的节目特定信息 (Program Specific Information, PSI)。 所述节目特定信息包括节目关联表 (Program Association Table, PAT), 节目映射表 (Program Mapping Table, PMT), 条件访问表 (Conditional Access Table, CAT) 以及网络信息表 (Network Information Table, NIT) 等。
S220、快速频道切换服务器接收用户设备发送的快速频道切换请求, 请求从第一频 道切换到第二频道。
S230、快速频道切换服务器向用户设备发送快速频道切换响应, 允许用户设备进行 快速频道切换。
S240、 快速频道切换服务器丢弃第二频道对应的媒体流中的视觉敏感度低的 TS包 后, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成第二频道的单播突发流。
虽然本实施例中步骤 S240在步骤 S220后执行, 但实际的应用中, 并没有执行顺序 的限制。 即步骤 S240可以由快速频道切换服务器自发执行, 也可以由用户设备发送快 速频道切换请求触发快速频道切换服务器来执行;还可以由快速频道切换服务器根据用 户设备发送的调整传送速率的通知或请求来执行。
S250、 快速频道切换服务器向用户设备快速推送上述单播突发流。
本发明实施例中, 快速频道切换服务器向用户设备快速推送单播突发流时, 可以选 择从可独立解码的 I帧或者 IDR帧 (对应 H.264标准)处开始推送。但是,对于 MPEG2-TS 封装的频道节目需要依赖节目特定信息 PSI才能解复用和解码, 所以这种情况下, 还需 要在开始推送 I帧或者 IDR帧之前推送第二频道的 PSI,当然,也可选择从 I帧或者 IDR 帧之前的第一个 PAT报文处开始进行推送。
作为另一种实施方式, 本步骤中, 也可以先将步骤 S210中缓存的第二频道的节目 特定信息 PSI推送给用户设备, 再从实际要推送的 I帧或者 IDR帧处开始继续推送, 这 样用户设备在接收到 I帧或者 IDR帧后能够立即解码显示,减少了快速频道切换的时长。 上述推送的 PSI可以是缓存的第二频道的多个分散的 PSI的汇总。
如果该媒体流是由 IP报文承载的, 则上述步骤 S240中将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重 新封装形成单播突发流, 既可以是将 IP报文进行解析后, 丢弃其中视觉敏感度低的 TS 包, 只在该 IP报文中保留视觉敏感度高的 TS包, 重新为该报文封装与该用户设备相应 的 IP报文头; 也可以是将丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包后载荷不足 7个 TS包的几个连续 IP报文重新组合形成新的 IP报文, 重新为该新的 IP报文封装与该用户设备相应的 IP 报文头。 在后一种情况下, 新组合的 IP报文会出现 RTP序列号不连续的情况, 此时, 为了避免因丢包引起的重传请求对网络造成的冲击, 本实施例进一步可以包括:
S260、快速频道切换服务器向用户设备发送抑制重传消息; 该抑制重传消息用于通 知用户设备对在步骤 S240中重新封装过程中引起的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文不请求 重传。
S270、用户设备向快速频道切换服务器发送加入第二频道组播组的请求。这里, 所 述请求可以是用户设备主动发送的,也可以是用户设备根据快速频道切换服务器的通知 发送的。
S280、当快速频道切换服务器发现该单播突发流与第二频道的组播媒体流同步的时 候, 停止发送单播突发流, 改为向用户设备发送第二频道的组播媒体流。
本发明上述实施例能够在快速频道切换时, 根据 TS包的负荷类型, 选择性丢弃视 觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装成媒体流并发送给用户设备, 减少了快速频道切换时的单播突发流的发送时间, 避免了网络拥塞, 进而减少了切换时 延, 增加了用户体验。
如图 3所示, 为本发明另一实施例提供的转发视频数据的方法的流程示意图, 主要 应用在网络发生拥塞的场景下, 本实施例所述方法包括:
S300、 头端向网络设备发送媒体流。 本步骤中, 也可以是其它网络设备向网络设备发送媒体流, 发送的媒体流可以是与 多个频道或者节目对应的媒体流。 所述媒体流可以由 IP报文承载。
S310、 网络设备接收并缓存所述媒体流后, 解析缓存的媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包 后, 评估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级。
S320、 网络设备进行网络拥塞检测, 当确定网络出现拥塞时, 执行步骤 S330。 S330、网络设备根据网络拥塞状况丢弃需要发送的媒体流中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 并将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装成新的媒体流。
S340、 网络设备将重新封装的新的媒体流发送给用户设备。
当所述媒体流由 IP报文承载且该媒体流为单播媒体流的时候, 上述步骤 S330中将 视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流, 既可以是将 IP报文进行解析后, 丢弃 其中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 只在该 IP报文中保留视觉敏感度高的 TS包, 如果 IP报文 中全是视觉敏感度高的 TS包, 则直接转发该 IP报文, 如果 IP报文中全是视觉敏感度 低的 TS包, 则直接丢弃该 IP报文; 也可以是将丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包后载荷不足 7个 TS包的几个连续 IP报文重新组合形成新的 IP报文。 由于丢弃或组合, IP报文会 出现 RTP序列号不连续的情况。 为了避免因 RTP序列号不连续引起的重传请求对网络 造成的冲击, 本实施例进一步可以包括:
S350、 网络设备向用户设备发送重传抑制消息, 使用户设备不对步骤 S330中重新 封装过程中形成的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文请求重传。
当所述媒体流由 IP报文承载且该媒体流为组播媒体流的时候, 上述步骤 S330中将 视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流, 具体可以是网络设备将视觉敏感度高 的 TS包封装成由 IP报文承载的新的媒体流, 该 IP报文的报文头中携带该用户设备的 相应信息。
本发明实施例中, 网络设备根据网络拥塞状况选择性丢弃需要发送的频道媒体流中 的视觉敏感度低的 TS包,将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装成 IP报文发送给用户设备, 并通过重传抑制消息使用户设备不对因组合 IP报文形成的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文 请求重传, 能够有效减少网络中的数据流量, 减轻网络拥塞。
本发明上述各实施例中, 每个频道的缓存数据量可以根据配置进行设定, 如缓存能 够播放 2s或 4s的媒体流,该媒体流中可以包括音频、视频以及该频道包含的其他信息。 并且, 在缓存以 IP报文承载的媒体流时, 需要对 IP报文按照实时传输协议 (Real-time Transfer Protocol, RTP) 序号进行排序, 保证 IP报文按顺序存放。 在本发明上述各实施例中,所述的重传抑制消息可以是携带重传抑制信息的下一个 需要正常发送到用户设备的 IP报文, 也可以是扩展的实时传输协议(Real-time Transfer Protocol, RTP)消息或者实时传输控制协议(Real-time Transfer Control Protocol , RTCP) 消息。
上述各实施例中, 解析缓存的媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包后, 评估每个 TS包的视 觉敏感度优先级, 具体可以通过如下方法实现, 包括:
( 1 )从缓存的媒体流中, 识别出该媒体流对应的节目特定信息 PSI并进行保存。
(2)从缓存的媒体流中, 识别出视频 TS包和非视频 TS包(例如音频 TS包和封 装了其他控制信息的 TS包), 对于非视频 TS包, 设置其视觉敏感度为高优先级, 不可 丢弃; 对于视频 TS包, 进行画面组(Group of Picture, GOP)和各帧始末(即帧边界) 的标记。 具体可以通过深度报文检测 (Deep Packet Inspection, DPI)识别 PAT、 PMT 以及帧起始标记等视频关键信息; 也可以由视频源(即头端)进行特殊信息标识, 在缓 存媒体流时根据这些特殊信息识别出视频关键信息。
(3 )评估各视频帧的视觉敏感度, 具体评估视频帧视觉敏感度优先级的方法可以 参照图 5所示实施例, 包括:
S500、 确定需要拆解的 GOP画面组。
如图 6所示, 为本发明实施例中一个 GOP中帧的结构示意图。 为了方便描述各帧 间的参考关系, 该 GOP中包括一个 I帧、 一个 P帧(前向预测帧)和 15个 B帧(双向 内插帧), 其中每个 B帧根据相邻的前后两帧预测生成, 例如图 6中, B8帧由 I帧和 P 帧预测生成。 实际的应用中, 一个 GOP中可能包括一个 I帧和多个 P帧, 其中的 B帧 可能只有一个参考层次, 但这不影响本发明的适用范围。
在 GOP结构中, 时域层次(Temporal Level)表明了帧的参考关系, 时域层次最高 的层为非参考层, 该层中的所有帧都不会被其它帧所参考, 例如图 6中, 位于 Temporal Level等于 4层的 B帧(包括 Bl、 B3、 B5、 B7、 B9、 Bll、 B13、 B15 )都不被其它帧 所参考, 由于这些帧不被其它帧所参考, 因此丢弃之后不会影响剩余视频帧序列的解码 显示; 其他各层为参考层, 这些层中的所有帧都会被其它帧所参考, 例如图 6中的, 位 于 Temporal Level等于 0层、 1层、 2层、 3层的帧(包括 I、 P、 B8、 B4、 B12、 B2、 B6、 B10、 B14)都会被其它帧所参考, 如 B14会被 B13以及 B15所参考, B10会被 B9以及 B11所参考。 由于这些帧会被其它帧所参考, 如果单独丢弃这些帧, 则会出现 解码错误, 引起画面花屏等现象。但如果参考某一帧的其它帧均已经被丢弃, 则该帧就 成了非参考帧, 此时再丢弃该帧, 就不会影响剩余视频帧序列的解码显示。
S510、 按照帧参考关系逆向拆解出该 GOP中的各个视频帧。
具体的拆解方法可以包括: a) 从非参考层的最后一个视频帧(从后往前) 开始向 参考层拆解视频帧, 本实施例中, 从 B15开始; b) 当参考某个视频帧生成的其他视频 帧全部被拆解完后, 则随即拆解该被参考的视频帧, 本实施例中, B15和 B13都参考 B14生成, 则拆解完 B15和 B13后, 开始拆解 B14。 拆解 B14之后, 继续从非参考层 开始逆向拆解视频帧, 直到整个 GOP中的视频帧全部被拆解。
根据本发明实施例, 图 6所示 GOP中各视频帧的拆解顺序为: B15、 B13、 B14、 Bll、 B9、 B10、 B12、 B7、 B5、 B6、 B3、 Bl、 B2、 B4、 B8、 P、 I。
S520、 根据各视频帧的拆解顺序由低到高确定各视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级。 如果设定先拆解的视频帧的具有低视觉敏感度优先级, 后拆解的视频帧具有高视 觉敏感度优先级, 则本发明实施例中, 图 6所示各视频帧视觉敏感度优先级从低到高为: B15、 B13、 B14、 Bl l、 B9、 B10、 B12、 B7、 B5、 B6、 B3、 Bl、 B2、 B4、 B8、 P、 I。
( 4 )根据各视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级评估并标识各 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级, 当 TS包只包含一个视频帧时, TS包的视觉敏感度优先级为该视频帧的视觉敏感度优先 级; 当 TS包包含多个视频帧时, TS包的视觉敏感度优先级为此 TS包所包含的最高优先 级视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级;当 TS包包含内部编码帧时,标识其高优先级,不可丢弃。
通过本发明上述实施例, 能够评估出各 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级, 然后根据频道 的描述特性、配置参数、 网络拥塞状况、设定的丢包比例等确定哪些 TS包可以被丢弃。
本发明实施例还公开了一种转发视频数据的装置,用于实现本发明上述实施例中的 各种方法。 如图 4所述, 本发明实施例所述装置包括:
接收模块 41,用于接收头端发送或者其他网络设备转发的组播流(具体实施方式参 见步骤 S100、 S200、 S300);
缓存模块 42, 用于缓存所述接收模块 41 接收的组播流 (具体实施方式参见步骤 S100、 S210、 S310);
第一处理模块 43, 用于解析所述缓存模块 42缓存的组播流, 获取其中的 TS包, 评估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级 (具体实施方式参见步骤 S100、 S210、 S310);
所述第一处理模块还可以进一步包括:第一子模块, 用于从 TS包中区分出视频 TS 包, 评估并标识所述视频 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级。 所述第一子模块具体包括: 画面 组确定模块, 用于在媒体流中根据所述视频 TS包确定需要拆解的画面组; 拆解模块, 用于按照帧参考关系逆向拆解出所述确定模块确定的画面组 GOP中的各个视频帧; 第 一优先级确定模块,用于根据所述拆解模块拆解各视频帧的顺序确定拆解出的各视频帧 的视觉敏感度优先级; 第二优先级确定模块, 用于根据所述第一优先级确定模块确定的 各视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级, 确定封装视频帧的视频 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级。
第二处理模块 44, 用于根据第一处理模块 43的评估丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流(具体实施方式参见步骤 S110、 S240、 S330);
第一发送模块 45, 用于将第二处理模块 44重新封装的新的媒体流发送给用户设备 (具体实施方式参见步骤 S120、 S250、 S340)o
本发明实施例所述装置还可以进一步包括确定模块 46, 用于确定网络是否发生拥 塞, 并在网络发生拥塞时触发所述第二处理模块 44丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包,将视觉 敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的组播媒体流或单播媒体流。
本发明实施例所述装置中的接收模块 41还用于接收用户设备发送的快速频道切换 请求, 并根据所述快速频道切换请求触发所述第二处理模块 44丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS 包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成用户所请求的频道对应的单播突发流。
当缓存模块 42缓存的媒体流由 IP报文承载时, 上述第二处理模块 44将视觉敏感 度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体时, 可以是将 IP报文进行解析后, 丢弃其中视觉敏 感度低的 TS包, 只在该 IP报文中保留视觉敏感度高的 TS包; 也可以是将丢弃视觉敏 感度低的 TS包后载荷不足 7个 TS包的几个连续 IP报文重新组合形成新的 IP报文。在 后一种情况下, 新组合的 IP报文会出现 RTP序列号不连续的情况。 为了避免因丢包引 起的重传请求对网络造成的冲击, 本实施例所述装置进一步可以包括:
第二发送模块 47,用于向用户设备发送重传抑制消息,使用户设备对在所述第二处 理模块重新封装过程中形成的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文不请求重传 (具体实施方式 参见步骤 S130、 S260、 S350)o
本发明实施例中的转发视频数据的装置可以是快速频道切换服务器或者需要对网 络拥塞进行处理的网络设备。 当所述转发视频数据的装置是快速频道切换服务器时, 所 述装置还可以进一步包括第三处理模块, 用于解析所述缓存模块中缓存的媒体流, 获取 并保存节目特定信息, 并在快速频道切换过程中, 由所述第一发送模块 45将该 PSI在 用户设备所请求的单播突发流之前发送给用户设备。 本发明实施例还提供了一种转发视频数据的系统,包括本发明实施例中如图 4所示 的转发视频数据的装置以及用户设备。所述系统用于实现本发明上述所有方法实施例中 的方法, 具体实现方式请参见方法实施例, 此处不再赘述。
通过实施本发明上述实施例,能够使网络设备丢弃媒体流中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 在不影响用户视觉体验的情况下, 减少了快速频道切换的时延, 减轻了网络拥塞, 提高 了传输效率。
通过以上实施方式的描述, 本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本发明可以通 过硬件实现, 也可以借助软件加必要的通用硬件平台的方式来实现。 基于这样的理 解, 本发明的技术方案可以以软件产品的形式体现出来, 该软件产品可以存储在一 个非易失性存储介质(可以是 CD-ROM, U盘, 移动硬盘等) 中, 包括若干指令用 以使得一台计算机设备 (可以是个人计算机, 服务器, 或者网络设备等) 执行本发 明各个实施例所述的方法。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技术 人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和润饰, 这些改进 和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种转发视频数据的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
接收并缓存媒体流, 解析所述缓存的媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包, 评估并标识出每 个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级;
丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流; 向用户设备发送所述重新封装形成的新的媒体流;
其中, 所述视觉敏感度高的 TS包至少包括封装了内部编码帧的视频 TS包。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包之前, 所述方法还包括确定网络发生拥塞的步骤。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述重新封装形成的新的媒体流具 体为由 IP报文承载的组播媒体流或单播媒体流。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取其中的 TS包之前, 所述方 法还包括从缓存的媒体流中获取并保存节目特定信息 PSI的步骤。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包之前, 所述方法还包括:
接收所述用户设备发送的从第一频道切换到第二频道的快速频道切换请求。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述重新封装形成的新的媒体流具 体为由 IP报文承载的所述第二频道的单播突发流;
所述向用户设备发送所述重新封装形成的新的媒体流具体为向所述用户设备发送 所述第二频道的单播突发流。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述向用户设备发送所述第二频道 的单播突发流之前, 所述方法还包括: 向用户设备发送所保存的第二频道的节目特定信 息 PSI。
8、 根据权利要求 1-7中任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述媒体流由 IP报 文承载时, 所述丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新 的媒体流具体包括:
丢弃解析 IP报文后获取的 TS包中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将其中视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成承载媒体流的 IP报文。
9、 根据权利要求 1-7中任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述媒体流由 IP报 文承载时, 所述丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新 的媒体流具体包括:
丢弃解析 IP报文后获取的 TS包中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包后载荷不足 7个 TS包的多个连续的 IP报文重新组合形成承载媒体流的 IP报文。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法进一步包括: 向用户设备发送重传抑制消息,使用户设备对重新封装过程中造成的 RTP序列号不 连续的 IP报文不请求重传。
11、 一种评估 TS包视觉敏感度优先级的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
接收并缓存媒体流, 从所述缓存的媒体流中, 识别出视频 TS包;
根据所述 TS包确定需要拆解的画面组, 按照帧参考关系逆向拆解出所述画面组中 的各个视频帧;
根据各视频帧的拆解顺序由低到高确定各视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级;
根据视频 TS包中封装的视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级评估并标识所述视频 TS包的 视觉敏感度优先级。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述按照帧参考关系逆向拆解出 所述画面组中的各个视频帧, 具体包括:
从非参考层的最后一个视频帧开始向参考层拆解视频帧,当参考一个视频帧生成的 其他视频帧全部被拆解完后, 拆解所述被参考的视频帧, 直到整个画面组中的视频帧全 部被拆解。
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据视频 TS包中封装 的视频帧确定所述视频 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级具体包括:
当所述视频 TS包中只包含一个视频帧时, 该 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级为所述视 频帧的视觉敏感度优先级;
当所述视频 TS包中包含多个视频帧时, 该 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级为所述多个 视频帧中视觉敏感度优先级最高的视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级。
14、 一种转发视频数据的装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
接收模块, 用于接收媒体流;
缓存模块, 用于缓存所述接收模块接收的所述媒体流;
第一处理模块, 用于解析所述缓存模块缓存的所述媒体流, 获取其中的 TS包, 评 估并标识出每个 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级;
第二处理模块, 用于根据所述第一处理模块的评估丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将 视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流;
第一发送模块,用于将所述第二处理模块重新封装形成的新的媒体流发送给用户设 备;
其中, 所述视觉敏感度高的 TS包至少包括封装了内部编码帧的视频 TS包。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括:
确定模块, 用于确定网络是否发生拥塞, 并在网络发生拥塞时触发所述第二处理模 块丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的组播媒体流 或者单播媒体流。
16、 根据权利要求 14所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括第三处理模块, 用于解析所述缓存模块缓存的媒体流, 获取并保存节目特定信息 PSI。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述接收模块还用于接收用户设 备发送的快速频道切换请求,根据所述快速频道切换请求触发所述第二处理模块丢弃视 觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成用户所请求的频道对应的 单播突发流;
所述发送模块具体用于将所述 PSI在所述单播突发流之前发送给所述用户设备。
18、 根据权利要求 14-17中任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一处理模块 具体包括:
第一子模块, 用于从 TS包中区分出视频 TS包, 评估并标识所述视频 TS包的视觉 敏感度优先级。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一子模块具体包括- 画面组确定模块, 用于在媒体流中确定需要拆解的画面组;
拆解模块, 用于按照帧参考关系逆向拆解出所述确定模块确定的画面组 GOP中的 各个视频帧;
第一优先级确定模块,用于根据所述拆解模块拆解各视频帧的顺序确定拆解出的各 视频帧的视觉敏感度优先级;
第二优先级确定模块,用于根据所述第一优先级确定模块确定的各视频帧的视觉敏 感度优先级, 确定封装视频帧的 TS包的视觉敏感度优先级。
20、 根据权利要求 14-17中任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 当所述媒体流由 IP 报文承载时, 所述丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成 新的媒体流具体包括:
丢弃解析 IP报文后获取的 TS包中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将其中视觉敏感度高的 TS包与原 IP报文头重新封装形成承载媒体流的 IP报文。
21、 根据权利要求 14-17中任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述丢弃视觉敏感 度低的 TS包, 将视觉敏感度高的 TS包重新封装形成新的媒体流具体包括:
丢弃解析 IP报文后获取的 TS包中视觉敏感度低的 TS包, 将丢弃视觉敏感度低的 TS包后载荷不足 7个 TS包的多个连续的 IP报文重新组合形成新的承载媒体流的 IP报 文。
22、 根据权利要求 21所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置进一步包括: 第二发送模块, 用于向用户设备发送重传抑制消息, 使用户设备对所述第二处理模 块在重新封装过程中形成的 RTP序列号不连续的 IP报文不请求重传。
23、 一种转发视频数据的系统, 其特征在于, 包括权利要求 14-17中任意一项所述 的装置。
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