WO2010132037A1

WO2010132037A1 - Centrifugal drum-type separator

Info

Publication number: WO2010132037A1
Application number: PCT/UA2009/000038
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владими Степанович СУХИН
Original assignee: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Научно-Производственная Фирма "Аэромех""
Priority date: 2009-05-12
Filing date: 2009-08-10
Publication date: 2010-11-18

Abstract

The invention can be used in separators for cleaning and sorting grain into fractions according to grain size in plant breeding stations, grain elevators, farms, seed and grain processing plants and also in the flour milling, compound animal feed and chemical industries, among others. The essence of the invention is that the centrifugal drum-type separator comprises at least one cylindrical centrifugal vibrating drum with sieves and a vertical rotation shaft, as well as a grain spreader that is arranged above the drum. The vertical shaft of the drum is in the form of an eccentric shaft (crankshaft) for generating radial oscillations of the drum in order to substitute the tangential displacement of the separated material by the separation trajectory of the movement of said material in relation to the inner surface of the screens. An equalizer bar in the form of a counterweight mounted on brackets is arranged inside the drum on the shaft thereof so that it can move and be fixed in several directions. The joining edges of the semi-cylindrical sieves are in the form of a rectangular zigzag, and the drum is provided, at the point where the sieves are joined, with reinforcing ribs and a device for clamping the joining edges of the sieves against the above-mentioned reinforcing ribs. The device for clamping the joining edges of the sieves is in the form of a channel bar or a beam with flat-head screws. The invention has the technical advantages of increasing specific productivity, preventing grain material from being worn to powder, reducing the wear on the sieve cleaners, fully balancing the drum, rendering the drum multipurpose and compact, making it easy to generate radial oscillations of the drum, increasing the rotational speed of the drum and simplifying the clamping device

Description

SEPARATOR BAR ABANO-CENTRIFUGAL BAR

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to separators designed to separate, mainly, grain materials into fractions by size and aerodynamic properties, and can be used for cleaning and sorting grain at breeding stations, elevators, in farms, plants for the production of seeds and cereals, as well as in flour, feed, chemical and other industries.

State of the art

Known scalper containing a perforated drum mounted on a horizontal shaft, a drive of rotational-vibrational movement of the drum, a loading hopper and receivers of separation products. The main drive shaft is mounted coaxially with the drum shaft, on which a crank mechanism is located on a perpendicular rod, the connecting rod being connected to a rod fixed radially on the drum shaft and made with the possibility of oscillations in a plane perpendicular to the shaft axis. The scalper is equipped with a vibratory axial vibration drive, and the drum shaft is located on vertical racks made with the possibility of oscillations in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft [see US Pat. Russia Na 2275251 for class B 07 In 1/26, 1/42 published on 04/27/2006 in Bull. 12].

The main disadvantage of this scalper is its low productivity, due to the horizontal arrangement of the perforated drum. With a horizontal arrangement of the drum, the grain material, under the influence of gravity, is constantly located in the lower part of the drum. Therefore, only the lower part of the drum is involved in the separation process, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of its use, and as a result, to a decrease in the productivity of the scalper.

This disadvantage is eliminated in grain separators containing vertically arranged centrifugal-pneumatic winders and vibrocentrifugal sieves. In particular, a separator is known comprising several unified air-sieve units mounted on a common frame. In such a separator, the air-treated grain material by means of spreaders made in the form of disks with blades is fed to the inner perforated surface of the cylindrical sieves, in their upper part [see author St. USSR Na 506439 in class B 07 B 1/44 published in 1973].

The following disadvantages are inherent in such separators. Due to the fact that the linear velocities of grain particles and the surface of cylindrical sieves are different in magnitude, for a certain period of time they move along the surface of the sieves in an unsteady mode, in which the separation process sharply worsens. Therefore, to achieve the required quality of separation of grain materials, it is necessary to increase the surface area of the sieve, which leads to an increase in the dimensions of the separator. In addition, a spreader in the form of a disk with blades delivers material to the surface of the sieve in jets, which does not ensure uniform distribution of particles along the perimeter of the sieve and reduces the quality of separation.

Also known is a grain separator containing at least one vibrocentrifugal cylindrical sieve with a vertical shaft of rotation, the upper portion of which is solid, and a centrifugal pneumatic fan and grain spreader located above the sieve. In this separator, the grain material is supplied through spreaders made in the form of disks with blades to the inner non-perforated upper part of the surface of the cylindrical sieves. To ensure the steady-state process of grain movement along the sieve, the height of its non-perforated section is at least 0.6 m. The use of sieves with a lower height of non-perforated sections reduces the quality of grain separation [see author St. USSR Ns 547239 for class B 07 B 9/00 published in 1975].

The main disadvantage of this grain separator is its increased dimensions due to the presence of non-perforated sections of sieves of relatively large sizes - not less than 0.6 m.

The closest in essence and the effect achieved, taken as a prototype, is a grain separator containing at least one vibrocentrifugal cylindrical drum with sieves and a vertical shaft of rotation, the upper section of which is made continuous with radial plate ribs, and the bottom - perforated slotted holes , and located above the drum, a centrifugal-pneumatic fan and grain spreader, as well as a vibrator for vertical vibrations of the drum, made in the form of a connecting rod, kinematic eski associated with mountain with the crankshaft of the drive. This grain separator operates as follows. When the drive is turned on, the cylindrical drum with sieves begins to rotate and simultaneously oscillate in the vertical direction. The grain material to be divided into fractions is fed to a rotating spreader, from where it is sent in an even thin layer to a cylindrical drum. Due to the centrifugal inertia of the rotational motion, the grain material is pressed against the inner surface of the sieves, and due to the weight and inertia of the oscillatory motion of the drum, it moves down. In this case, small impurities pass through the slotted holes in the upper part of the sieve. The remaining part of the grain material enters the middle part of the sieve, where small and crushed grains stand out through larger slotted holes. The rest of the grain passes through similar openings, but of even larger sizes, in the lower part of the sieve, and large impurities descend from the lower part of the drum [see author St. USSR NQ 940879 for class B 07 B 9/00 published 07.07.82 in Bull. Ns 25].

This grain separator (and other separators of a similar principle of operation) has at least five significant drawbacks, namely:

Firstly, the limited specific productivity. This disadvantage is explained as follows. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the separated grain material is pressed against the inner surface of the sieve and gradually moves downward under the influence of its own weight, falling fractionally into the slotted holes. It is clear that with increasing rotation speed and vertical oscillations of the drum, the higher the productivity of the separation process. However, at the high named speeds, the grain material is so strong but it is pressed against the sieves that its downward movement is practically impossible, and because of the rapid vertical vibrations, the grains do not have time to slip into the slotted holes and the separation process is practically not carried out. Therefore, for separators of a similar design, in which the perforated drum performs rotational and reciprocating vertical-axial movements, there are restrictions on the speed of rotation, usually up to 100 rpm, which limits their specific productivity.

Secondly, the low efficiency of separation of grain material by seed quality, which is due to the shape of the perforation holes of the sieves, namely, slotted. Slit holes calibrate grains by thickness, which, as you know, weakly correlates with seed quality. The quality of the seeds is much better correlated with their width. In addition, the known separator, due to the tangential movement of the sieves relative to the separated material, cannot be adapted to calibrate seeds of an ellipsoidal shape, especially an elongated ellipsoid shape, because these seeds do not have the ability to reorient in space, therefore, will not have time to slip into slotted openings of sieves, that is, the known separator is not universal.

Thirdly, it is difficult to clean the slotted openings of the drum from seeds stuck in them, since the rotating drum does not have a normal velocity component with respect to the sieve cleaner. In addition, due to the vertical reciprocating movement of the drum, the service life of the sieve cleaners is sharply reduced due to their abrasion on the outer surface of the perforated drum, with axial reciprocating movements of the latter. Fourth, the deterioration of the quality of the most valuable seeds in the separation process. The largest seeds are selected at the bottom of the sieves (there are the largest slotted holes). Until such a grain reaches the bottom of the drum, it is repeatedly rubbed off by its perforated surface of the sieves (small slit holes), since the drum makes only axial reciprocating movements, and due to centrifugal forces, the seed is pressed to the surface of the sieves.

Fifth, the inability to achieve 100% balancing of the moving parts of the separator, since the mass of the separated material is constantly changing, including due to its movement along the drum, which forces to limit the speed of rotation of the latter and, thereby, limit the performance of the separator. In addition, the rotation speed of the drum is also limited by the fact that the edges of the semi-cylindrical sieves are bent away from the center of rotation under the action of centrifugal forces and grain material that is not divided into fractions emerges through the formed gaps.

All of the listed disadvantages of the known separator are due to the fact that its drum performs vertical-axial reciprocating movements, which provides only an uninterrupted trajectory of seed movement from top to bottom, that is, the seeds are constantly in contact with the inner surface of the sieves during the entire separation process.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the quality of separation of bulk materials while increasing the productivity of the separation process, the versatility and life of the separator, by increasing the speed of rotation of the drum with sieves without increasing wear of the mating parts and assemblies and not only cleaning, but calibrating any seeds type, and their width by creating a normal component of the speed of rotation of the drum, equipping it with an adjustable device for balancing and changing the shape of the holes of the perforation, as well as the forced fixation of the docking of half-cylinder sieves on the surface of the drum.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the grain separator containing at least one vibrocentrifugal cylindrical drum with sieves and a vertical shaft of rotation, as well as a grain spreader located above the drum, according to the proposal, the vertical shaft of the drum is made in the form of an eccentric (crankshaft) shaft for generating radial vibrations of the drum to replace the tangential movement of the separated material by a tear-off path of its movement relative to the inner surface of the sol t, as well as inside the drum, on its shaft, is mounted for displacement and fixation in several directions rocker designed as a counterweight, mounted on the console.

In addition, this goal is also achieved by the fact that the sieve vibrocentrifugal cylindrical drum can be perforated with round holes.

In addition, this goal is also achieved by the fact that the connecting edges of the semi-cylindrical sieves are made in the form of a rectangular zigzag, and the drum is equipped at the joints of the sieves with stiffeners and a device for pressing the connecting edges of the sieves to the specified stiffeners. Wherein the device for pressing the connecting edges of the sieves is made in the form of a channel or bar, which is attached to the stiffener of the drum with countersunk screws.

The perforation of the drum with round holes allows the calibration of seeds according to their width and, thereby, to ensure the separation of grain material into fractions according to the quality of the seeds.

The installation of a drum with an eccentricity relative to the vertical axis of rotation provides radial vibrations in which the seeds move along the surface of the sieves along a tear-off path: with each radial vibration of the drum, the seeds are shaken, torn off the surface of the sieves and pressed again by centrifugal force, but moving downward at each separation under the influence of its own weight. This (detachable) trajectory of seed movement eliminates their abrasion during movement along the sieves from top to bottom, increases the efficiency of the separation process due to the possibility of spatial reorientation of seeds in free flight, improves the conditions for cleaning holes from seeds stuck in them, and there is practically no wear of sieve cleaners.

Since the normal component of displacements appears during radial vibrations of the drum, the abrasion of the contacting surfaces is eliminated in the mating parts and assemblies, the service life of the separator and its individual components is increased several times, especially the sieve cleaners, which is important, since these separator assemblies (and several of them) are quite expensive .

The presence of a balancer in the form of a counterweight, having the ability to move and lock in several directions, provides full lansing the drum, which, in turn, allows you to increase the speed of its rotation several times, up to the physical destruction of nodes and parts or the physical destruction of seeds.

The implementation of the connecting edges of the semicylindrical sieves in the form of a rectangular zigzag, allows you to get clamping pad along the entire length of the edges of the sieves located below the surface of the sieve (closer to the center of the drum), through which the edges of the sieves are forcibly fixed on the surface of the drum, which excludes their bending under the action of centrifugal forces at high drum speeds. To fix the zigzag edges of the sieves, the drum is equipped at the joints of the sieves with corresponding stiffeners (mating pads for placing pads at the edges of the sieves) and devices for pressing the connecting edges of the sieves to the specified stiffeners. The implementation of the specified device for pressing the connecting edges of the sieves in the form of a channel or bar extremely simplifies the design of the pressing element, and fixing the pressing device to the stiffener of the drum with countersunk head screws does not impede the operation of the cleaners of the external surface of the sieves from seeds stuck in their holes.

Thus, the above structural changes made to the drum-centrifugal separator fundamentally change the pattern of moving the separated material inside the drum — from a continuous trajectory to a tear-off one, which allows one to obtain a number of technical advantages that provide a significant increase in separator productivity and the quality of the process of separating bulk mixtures without changing the quality of the seed itself. The list of figures illustrative materials

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a drum-centrifugal separator with vertically axial reciprocating vibrations of the drum (prototype).

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a drum-centrifugal separator with radial vibrations of the drum (the proposed technical solution). Curved arrows in figures 1 and 2 show the vibrational-rotational direction of movement of the drum.

Figure 3 is a detailed structural diagram of the proposed drum-centrifugal separator.

Figures 4 - diagram of the attachment of semi-cylindrical sieves to the drum, top view. The letter "e" in figures 2 and 3 indicates the eccentricity of the vertical shaft of the proposed drum-centrifugal separator.

Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

The proposed drum-centrifugal separator contains at least one vibrocentrifugal cylindrical drum 1 with sieves 2 and a vertical shaft 3 of rotation. The vertical shaft 3 of the drum 1 is made with an eccentricity (crankshaft), which ensures its radial vibrations relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3. Since the drum 1 is directly connected to the shaft 3, when the latter rotates, the drum 1 also makes radial movements (or radial vibrations). The vertical shaft 3 is driven in rotation from a standalone drive 4, in the form, mainly, of an electric motor. The rotation of the drum 1 provides another standalone drive 5 through an elastic coupling 6, allowing to take into account the radial displacements of the drum 1 caused by the eccentric vertical shaft 3. Inside the drum 1, on the vertical shaft 3, a balancer made in the form of a counterweight 7 mounted on the console 8 is mounted with the ability to move and fix. The counterweight 8 has the ability to move along the shaft 3, rotate in that or the other side relative to the shaft 3, move along the console 8, if it is not movable. If the console 8 has the ability to move in the radial direction, for example, along the thread (this option is shown in Fig. 1), there is no point in independently moving the counterweight 7 relative to the console 8, since the length of the latter can itself change. Due to the wide range of movements of the counterweight 7 (three degrees of freedom), it can be located at any point inside the drum 1, which allows to achieve its full balance. Achieving absolute balance of rotation of the drum 1 allows, in turn, to increase the speed of its rotation several times (200 - 400 rpm), up to the physical destruction of nodes and parts or the physical destruction of seeds under the influence of excessive centrifugal forces. An increase in the speed of rotation of the drum is, first of all, an increase in the performance of the separator. It is advisable to perforate the sieve 2 of the drum 1 with round holes (rather than slotted holes, as in the prototype separator). In this case, the calibration of the seeds will occur according to their width, which is more correlated with the quality of the seeds than their thickness. Therefore, the perforation of the sieves with 2 round holes ensures the separation of the grain material into fractions according to the quality of the seeds.

Above the drum 1, coaxially with it, is a centrifugal spreader 9 of grain material, mainly of a disk type. From the outside

AND the side of the drum 1 are located vertical cleaners 10 sieves 2, as well as blades 11 for output of the separated grain through the trays 12 outside the separator.

If the sieve 2 of the drum 1 is structurally made in the form of two half-cylinders 13, then to prevent their arcuate bending at high speeds of rotation of the drum 1 under the action of centrifugal forces, it is advisable to make their straight-line connecting edges in the form of a rectangular zigzag 14 with the formation of pressure pads 15, which, thanks to zigzag, located below the outer surface of the sieve 2 (closer to the center of the drum 1). Through these clamping pads 15, the edges of the sieves 2 are forcedly pressed and fixed on the surface of the drum 1, which excludes their bending under the action of centrifugal forces at high speeds of rotation of the drum 1. To fix the zigzag edges of the sieves 2, the drum 1 is equipped at the joints of the sieves 2 with corresponding stiffeners 16 (corresponding response pads for placement of pressure pads 15 on them at the edges of the sieves 2). The pressing of the edges of the sieves 2 to the stiffeners 16 of the drum 1 is carried out using clamping devices 17, structurally made in the form of a channel or bar. The clamping device 17, with its working surface, mates with the clamping pads 15 along the entire length of the edges of the sieves 2 and presses them against the stiffener 16 of the drum 1. Due to this, the straight edges of the semicylinders 13 are reliably held along their entire length without bending on the forming surface of the stiffener 16 of the drum 1. The clamping device 17 is attached to the stiffener 16 of the drum 1 with screws 18 with a countersunk head, which does not interfere with the operation of the cleaners 10 of the outer surface of the sieves 2 from seed in their holes of the seeds, does not destroy and does not abrade these cleaners 10.

The proposed drum-centrifugal separator works according to a completely new principle, the essence of which is as follows.

When the drive 5 is turned on, the cylindrical drum 1 with the sieves 2 starts to rotate, and when the drive 4 is turned on, due to the eccentricity “e” of the vertical shaft 3, it starts and simultaneously oscillates in the radial direction. The grain material to be divided into fractions from the hopper (not shown due to common knowledge) is fed to the rotary spreader 9, from where it is sent with a uniform thin layer into the inside of the cylindrical drum 1. Due to the centrifugal inertia force of the rotational movement, the grain material is pressed against the inner surface of the sieves 2, and due to the radial vibrational movement of the drum 1 periodically breaks (throws, jumps) from the inner surface of the walls of the sieves 2 and under the influence of its own weight prod igaetsya down. In this case, only point contact occurs between the seeds and sieves 2, which eliminates the abrasion of the seeds. In addition, periodic tossing will repeatedly reorient seeds in free flight, which increases the efficiency of the separation process and, thereby, the productivity of the separator. Small impurities pass through the openings of the sieves 2 in the upper part of the drum 1. The remaining part of the grain material enters the middle part of the drum 1, where fine and crushed grains are released, passing through the sieve 2 with larger openings. The rest of the grain passes through similar holes, but of larger sizes, in the lower part of the sieves 2, and large impurities go from the bottom of the drum 1. Outside of the sieve 2 of the drum 1 con tact with cleaners 10, the bristles of which effectively clean the holes from the seeds stuck in them. The cleaning efficiency is ensured again thanks to the radial vibrations of the drum 1. With such radial movements of the drum 1, the bristles of the cleaners 10 “punch” holes without injuring the seeds and without wearing out. The separated grain material using blades 11 installed at different levels along the height of the drum 1, the fractions fall into the trays 12 and are displayed outside the separator in the receivers (not shown due to the well-known).

A significant difference of the claimed object from previously known is that the drum performs, in addition to the traditional rotation around the vertical shaft, radial vibrations and is fully balanced by a counterweight that does not interfere with the separation process, despite its placement inside the drum. These differences, in total, make it possible to obtain the normal component of the movement of the drum and, thus, fundamentally change the trajectory of the movement of grain material inside the drum: switch from a continuous trajectory to a tear-off one, which eliminates the deterioration of seed quality due to abrasion, increase the separator productivity, and eliminate mating wear nodes due to friction between the contacting surfaces, and round holes in the sieves provide calibration of seeds for quality without compromising the performance of the separator but. None of the known separators of this type can have the indicated properties, because they have a different principle of operation, consisting in vertical-axis and, at the same time, reciprocating vibrations of the drum, which allows you to move seeds only along an uninterrupted path, which inevitably leads to damage to the highest quality seed due to their abrasion about the perforated surface of the sieves of the drum, limits the speed of rotation of the drum and has the other disadvantages mentioned above.

The proposed technical solution is tested in practice, consists of ordinary parts and assemblies, does not have elements that could not be made at the present stage of development of science and technology, which implies that it is industrially applicable. The well-known sources of information have not identified such drum-centrifugal separators of a similar purpose with the essential characteristics indicated, which confirms the achievement of the specified technical result, and therefore is considered such that it can receive legal protection.

Technical Advantages of the Invention

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- increasing the specific performance of the separator due to the possibility of increasing the speed of rotation of the drum several times;

- the exception of the abrasion of the grain material due to the fact that the vertical-axial movement of the drum is replaced by radial;

- reduced wear of sieve cleaners for the same reason;

- the possibility of complete balancing of the drum due to the presence of a counterweight that has the ability to move and lock in several directions;

- universality of the separator due to the ability to calibrate seeds of any kind, including elongated ellipsoid shape; - compactness of the separator due to the fact that the counterweight is located inside the drum;

- the simplicity of ensuring radial vibrations of the drum due to the fact that the vertical shaft is made with eccentricity;

- an increase in the speed of rotation of the drum due to the execution of the edges of the sieves in a zigzag shape and forced pressing them to the stiffeners of the drum;

- simplicity of the clamping device due to its execution in the form of a channel section or a bar of measured length and its fastening with countersunk screws.

The social effect of using the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained due to a better separation of the grain material into fractions and by preserving the original seed quality, since they do not wear out in the proposed separator, due to the calibration of the seeds by quality, due to the round shape holes in the sieves.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by increasing the separator performance, increasing the life of individual components and parts, as a result of the absence of abrasion of the working elements during their interaction and high drum balancing.

After describing the proposed drum-centrifugal separator, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that all of the above is illustrative only, and not restrictive, given this example. Numerous possible modifications elements of the separator, in particular the shape of the holes, the size of the eccentricity, the flexible coupling, the location of the actuators, can vary depending on the type and condition of the original loose separated material, and, of course, are within the scope of one of the usual and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered those that are within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is that the drum performs radial vibrations, rather than vertically axial, and is also equipped with a special design balancer, which allows achieving complete balancing of the drum movements, the edges of the sieves are zigzag and pressed to the surface of the drum, and these circumstances made it possible to acquire the proposed separator listed above and other benefits. Changing the proposed tear-off principle of moving seeds inside the drum to another naturally limits the range of advantages listed above and cannot be considered new technical solutions in this field of knowledge, since another, similar to the described separator, will no longer require any creative approach from designers and engineers , and therefore can not be considered the results of their creative activities or new intellectual property subject to protection by protective documents.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Separator drum-centrifugal, containing at least one vibrocentrifugal cylindrical drum with sieves and a vertical shaft of rotation, as well as a grain spreader located above the drum, characterized in that the vertical shaft of the drum is made in the form of an eccentric (crank) shaft for generating radial vibrations of the drum to replace the tangential movement of the separated material with a tear-off path of its movement relative to the inner surface of the sieves, as well as inside the drum, on its shaft y is movably mounted and fixed in several directions rocker designed as a counterweight, mounted on the console.

2. The drum-centrifugal separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting edges of the semi-cylindrical sieves are made in the form of a rectangular zigzag, and the drum at the junction of the sieves is equipped with stiffeners and a device for pressing the connecting edges of the sieves to the specified stiffeners.

3. The drum-centrifugal separator according to claim 2, characterized in that the device for pressing the connecting edges of the sieves is made in the form of a channel or bar with countersunk screws.