WO2010128883A1

WO2010128883A1 - Heating device

Info

Publication number: WO2010128883A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000269
Authority: WO
Inventors: Василий Александрович БАРГАН
Original assignee: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Барган Продакшн Групп"
Priority date: 2009-05-05
Filing date: 2009-05-29
Publication date: 2010-11-11
Also published as: RU2009116782A

Abstract

The invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency with which heat energy released as a result of an exothermic chemical reaction is utilized by making use not only of heat transfer, but also of heat emission during the intensive condensation of water vapour. The heating device comprises a flat thermal module (8) situated in the cavity of an outer casing (1) provided with a lock. The flat thermal module is made of two sheets (9, 10) of a heat-conductive material which are joined along a closed contour by means of a hermetic seam (11) in order to form a closed cavity (12) containing a solid calcium oxide-based reagent and a liquid reagent. The closed contour of the hermetic seam comprises two lateral sections (11.1, 11.2), the respective top and bottom ends of which are interconnected by corresponding top (11.3) and bottom (11.4) sections. At least one of the lateral sections of the closed contour of the hermetic seam (11) is provided with a bridging section (14) having a width which is less than the width of the hermetic seam (11) in the corresponding lateral section (11.1, 11.2) and forming an area of reduced mechanical strength. The outer side of the bridging section (14) is straight and is flush with the outer side of the lateral section (11.1, 11.2) of the closed contour of the hermetic seam (11), and the width of the bridging section (14) decreases in a direction away from the upper and lower limits thereof to a given minimum value.

Description

Device for heating

Technical field

The invention relates to exothermic heaters, mainly food products before their use.

State of the art

A prior art device is known for heating, comprising a body of heat-conducting material, in the cavity of which is placed a package with a food product, as well as a thermal module with an activator. The housing is placed in a heat-insulating outer casing with a lid, and inside the housing of the thermal module is placed a solid reagent and a closed chamber made of an elastic material with a liquid reagent (see US Pat. No. A - JYo 4823769, 1989).

The main disadvantage of the known device is its high cost, since the device has a complex structure and requires a large consumption of material.

It is also known a device for heating, taken as a prototype and containing a flat thermal module located in the cavity of the outer casing, which is made of a flexible gas-tight material and equipped with a shutter. The case of a flat thermal module is made of two sheets of gas-tight, flexible, heat-conducting material, which are interconnected in a closed loop by means of a sealed seam (thermal seam) with the formation of a closed cavity, in which contains the reagent in the solid state, for example, calcium oxide, and the reagent in the liquid state - water, while the heated food product is placed in the cavity of the outer casing, and the flat thermal module is placed in the volume of the food product (see PCT application WO - A2 - N ° 30251, 2002).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that it does not provide high efficiency in the use of heat released as a result of an exothermic chemical reaction, since the product is heated only due to a sufficiently inertial process of heat transfer through the walls of the housing of the flat thermal module. "

Disclosure of invention

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of improving the efficiency of use of thermal energy released as a result of an exothermic chemical reaction while ensuring ease of use, multifunctionality and full use of calcium oxide. The technical result achieved in this case lies in the fact that from the moment of depressurization of the flat thermal module case, the efficiency of heat transfer to the object increases due to the simultaneous occurrence of two processes, namely, heat transfer and heat transfer during intense condensation of water vapor.

The problem is solved in that in a heating device containing a flat thermal module located in the cavity an external casing, which is made of a gas-tight material and equipped with a shutter, while the flat thermal module case is made of two sheets of a gas-tight, flexible, heat-conducting material, which are interconnected in a closed loop by means of an airtight seam with the formation of a closed cavity in which the reagent is placed in a solid state based on calcium oxide and a reagent in a liquid state, according to the invention, a closed loop of a sealed seam includes two side sections, upper and lower the ends of which are paired with each other respectively by the upper and lower sections, at least one of the side sections of the closed contour of the sealed seam is made with a jumper having a width that is less than the width of the sealed seam in the corresponding side section, and forming a zone with reduced mechanical strength , while the outer side of the jumper is made rectilinear and is flush with the outer side of the corresponding side portion of the closed contour of the sealed seam, and the width of the jumper is the direction from each of its boundaries decreases to a predetermined minimum value.

The advantage of the patented device in comparison with the prototype is that after the temperature in the closed cavity reaches the maximum value (depending on the used ratio of the components in the homogeneous mixture) and the formation of the heated vapor-gas mixture, the flat thermal module case is depressurized. Therefore, from this moment until the end of the exothermic chemical reaction, heat transfer to the heated food product will not not only due to contact heat transfer, but also due to the intense condensation of water vapor heat transfer of the heated vapor-gas mixture exiting through the hole formed in the housing of the flat thermal module into the cavity of the outer casing. As a result, the object is heated to a higher temperature or less time is required to heat the object to a predetermined temperature.

According to one preferred embodiments of the invention, the jumper is made of a symmetrical shape with respect to a transverse line dividing its length in half, and the width of the jumper in the direction from each of its borders decreases monotonically either in a linear relationship or in a curved relationship, for example, a corresponding second-order curve. This not only simplifies the process of forming a sealed seam, but also ensures high reproducibility of the operational parameters of a flat thermal module.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheets of the flat thermal module casing are additionally interconnected by means of a dividing section of the sealed seam dividing the closed cavity of the flat thermal module casing into two adjacent compartments, while the dividing section of the sealed seam is located between the lateral sections of the closed loop of the sealed seam and connected their ends with its upper and lower sections, each of the above-mentioned side sections is made with a jumper forming in the corresponding lateral section, a zone with reduced mechanical strength, the reagent in the solid state is placed in two containers made of gas-permeable material and containing at least one compartment, the reagent in the liquid state is placed in an even number of closed chambers of elastic material, while in the lower part of each of the above compartments there is a corresponding container with the reagent in the solid state, and in the upper part each compartment contains the same number of closed chambers with a reagent in a liquid state. This ensures the full use of the reagent in the solid state, which is in a planar thermal module of a sufficiently large size, because it provides the supply in each compartment of such a quantity of reagent in the liquid state, which corresponds to the amount of reagent in the solid state in the compartment.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, each compartment is made tapering to the top, while the upper and lower parts of each compartment are dimensioned to provide a fixed position in each of them, respectively, of a closed chamber with a reagent in a liquid state and a container with a reagent in a solid state, as in transportation, and when using a flat thermal module. This ensures the convenience of using a flat thermal module.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the flat thermal module is enclosed in a sheath of filtering gas-vapor-permeable material. Thanks to this, dispersed products of an exothermic chemical reaction are prevented from entering the packaging with the food product or into the food product itself.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the solid reactant is a uniform oxide mixture calcium with anhydrous silica gel when the content of anhydrous silica gel is in the amount of one part per 3.0 to 6.0 parts by weight of calcium oxide, and the reagent in the liquid state is water or an aqueous salt solution with a freezing temperature below 0 ⁰ C. This ensures on the one hand, the full use of calcium oxide (unreacted amount of calcium oxide is less than 0.7% of the initial amount) under conditions of intensive transition of water in the reaction volume to a vapor state and the formation of quenching water vapor from the housing of the flat thermal module into the cavity of the outer casing, and on the other hand, the operability of the device at low temperatures.

In other preferred embodiments of the invention, the outer casing is sealed, the shutter is placed in its upper part, while the shutter is either reusable, or the upper edge portion of the outer casing forms a one-time shutter in the form of a double strip cut off or torn off from the outer casing, or the outer casing contains a disposable shutter, as described above, and located below the end section cut off or torn off from the outer casing, a reusable shutter. This ensures the isolation of the cavity of the outer casing from the environment, not only during storage of the device, but also during an exothermic chemical reaction.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one of the walls of the outer casing is thermally insulated from the housing of the planar thermal module. This increases the efficiency of using heat released as a result of the exothermic chemical reaction.

Other advantages of the patented device will become apparent from the following description.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a device for heating, front view, partial section; in FIG. 2 - same, side view, partial section; in FIG. 3 - flat thermal module, front view, partial section; in FIG. 4 - an example of a jumper; in FIG. 5 and 6 are examples of a planar thermal module, front view, partial section; in FIG. 7 and 8 are examples of the placement of the food product in the cavity of the outer casing, side view, partial section.

Embodiments of the invention

The heating device (Fig. 1) contains an outer casing 1, which is made of a corrosion-resistant, gas-tight, preferably easily crushed (flexible) sheet material, for example, aluminum foil, laminate, etc. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer casing 1 is sealed in the form of two opposed walls 2 and 3, preferably of rectangular shape, which are connected at the edges by a sealed seam 4, for example a thermal seam. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper section of the seam 4 is made with a width exceeding the width of the seam 4 in other sections and providing the possibility of execution in this section seam of the hinged hole 5. The outer casing 1 is equipped with a disposable or reusable shutter, which is located in its upper part. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper portion of the seam 4, as well as the adjacent edge portion of the outer casing 1, form a one-time shutter in the form of a double strip cut off or torn off from the outer casing 1 in the form of a double strip, to indicate the lower boundary of which on the upper portion of the outer casing 1 is made elements indicating the recommended place to cut or tear off the above-mentioned strip, for example, in the form of opposite cutouts 6 on the outside of each side section of the seam 4. In the pre titelnom embodiment, the outer casing 1 is provided with not only the above-described gate disposable but reusable and gate, for example, is provided with recesses 6 arranged below and parallel to the upper portion of seam 4 snap-linear gate 7 (Zirlosk ™) cm. fig.l and 2.

The heating device also contains a flat thermal module 8 (PTM), which is placed in the cavity of the outer casing 1. The body of the PTM 8 (Fig. 3) is made of two (preferably identical, rectangular) sheets 9 and 10 of a flexible, gas-tight material with high thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity), for example, aluminum foil, lamister, etc. Sheets 9 and 10 form two opposed walls of the body of the PTM 8 and are interconnected in a closed circuit by means of a sealed seam 11 with the formation of a closed cavity 12. The closed contour of a sealed seam 11 includes two side sections 11.1 and 11.2, the upper and lower ends of which are pairwise are interconnected respectively, upper 11.3 and lower (bottom) section 11.4. In FIG. 3, the boundaries of sections 11.1, 11.3, 11.2 and 11.4 are shown by dashed lines 13. At least one of the side sections (11.1 and / or 11.2) of the sealed seam 11 is made with a jumper 14 forming a zone with reduced mechanical strength. The outer side of each jumper 14 is made rectilinear and is flush with the outer side of the respective side section

11.1 or 11.2 of the closed contour of the sealed joint 11. In other words, at least one of the side sections 11.1 and 11.2 of the closed contour of the sealed joint 11 is made with a recess located on the inside of its middle part and forming in the sealed joint 11 a zone with reduced mechanical strength in the form of a jumper 14. Each jumper 14 within its borders - 14.1,

14.2 has a width that is less than the width of the airtight seam 11 on each side section 11.1 (11.2) corresponding to each of them, while the width of each jumper 14 in the direction from each of its borders 14.1, 14.2 monotonously decreases to the specified minimum value - Wo. In most practically important cases, the sealed joint 11 along its entire length has the same width - W, with the exception of one or two sections corresponding to the jumper or jumpers 14.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each jumper 14 is symmetrical in shape with respect to a transverse line 15 dividing its length L in half. From a technological point of view, the preferred option is to make jumpers 14 with a width that decreases monotonically in the direction from each of its borders 14.1 and 14.2 either in a linear relationship (Fig. 3), or in curvilinear dependence, preferably in accordance with a second-order curve: a circle, a parabola (Fig. 4), a hyperbole or an ellipse. Each jumper 14 is located in the region corresponding to the greatest deformation of the walls of the PTM 8 casing due to the pressure of the vapor-gas mixture heated as a result of the exothermic chemical reaction, namely, in the middle part of the lateral section 11.1 (11.2) of the closed loop of the hermetic seam 11 corresponding to each jumper 14.

The closed cavity 12 of the housing of the PTM 8 is intended for placement of reagents in it in solid and liquid state. In other words, the closed cavity 12 is also a reaction zone during an exothermic chemical reaction between the above reagents. To ensure effective mixing of the starting reagents, the reagent in the solid state is placed in the lower part of the closed cavity 12, and the reagent in the liquid state is placed in its upper part. The lower part of the closed cavity 12 is formed by the lateral 11.1 and 11.2, as well as the lower 11.4 sections of the closed contour of the sealed seam 11, and the upper part of the closed cavity 12 formed by its upper section 11.3 is made tapering to the top, for example, in the form of a neck with shoulders and a lid (Fig. 3) since the reagent in a liquid state occupies a smaller volume.

In order to increase the surface area of the reagent in the solid state that is easily accessible to the reagent in the liquid state (in other words, to increase the efficiency of mixing the reagents), the reagent 16 in the solid state is placed in at least one flat container. 17, the walls of which are made of gas-permeable material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each wall of the container 17 is made of two layers, namely, with an outer layer of gas-permeable fiberglass and an inner layer of porous, non-woven material, for example polypropylene. The execution of the inner layer of the walls of the containers 17 from a material having small pores prevents the reagent 16 from leaking in the solid state through the walls of the container 17 during storage, transportation and use of the device. On the other hand, the porous non-woven material provides good gas permeability, as when initiating an exothermic chemical reaction , and in the process of its course. The implementation of the outer layer of the walls of the container 17 from a gas-permeable fiberglass provides (due to the presence of sufficiently large pores) optimal conditions for supplying the reagent in the liquid state to the reagent 16 in the solid state in the cavity of each container 17, as well as good thermal conductivity due to the filling of the pores with water during the exothermic process chemical reaction. It should also be noted here that the high temperature resistance of the glass fabric ensures the preservation of the shape of the containers during operation of the device (see patent RU - Ul - Ne 74787, 2008).

The use of several containers 17 with reagent 16 in the solid state (not shown in the drawings) provides better shape retention of the housing of the PTM 8. However, the same result can be achieved by using a large container 17, the cavity of which is divided by seams, for example, thermal seams, into several compartments, while the reagent 16 in the solid state distributed between compartments in proportion to their volumes. As a reagent 16 in a solid state, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a calcium oxide composition known from the prior art is used, which is designed to solve the problem of ensuring the duration of heat energy release for at least 10 minutes, namely, a homogeneous mixture of calcium oxide with anhydrous silica gel, when the content of anhydrous silica gel is in the amount of 1 part per 3.0 - 6.0 parts by weight of calcium oxide (see patent RU - U 1 - N ° 74787, 2008).

As a reagent 18 in a liquid state, water or an aqueous saline solution with a freezing point below O ⁰ C is used. Sodium chloride and potassium or sodium acetate are used as salts for the preparation of an aqueous saline solution. The reagent 18 in a liquid state is placed in a closed chamber 19, the wall of which is made of elastic material (polyethylene, thin rubber, etc.) with the violation of its integrity when applied to opposite parts of its wall compressive load. In principle, the reagent 18 in the liquid state can be in several separate closed chambers 19 or in one chamber with a cavity divided into several compartments isolated from each other.

The shape persistence of the HlM 8 case during transportation, storage and use of the heating device is also ensured by the fact that the upper and lower parts of the closed cavity 12 are dimensioned to ensure a fixed position of the container 17 (or containers 17) in its lower part, as well as the closed chamber 19 (or closed chambers 19) in its upper part. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the full use of the reagent 16 in the solid state, which is located in the large size PTM 8, is also ensured by the fact that the sheets 9 and 10 of the PTM case 8 are additionally interconnected by means of a preferably rectilinear dividing section 20 of the hermetic seam 11, which divides the closed the cavity 12 of the housing PTM 8 into two adjacent compartments 12.1 and 12.2 (Fig. 5 and 6). The dividing section 20 of the tight joint 11 is located between the lateral sections 11.1 and 11.2 of the closed loop of the tight joint 11 and is connected at its ends to its upper 11.3 and lower 11.4 sections. Each of the side sections 11.1 and 11.2 is made with a jumper 14, forming a zone with reduced mechanical strength in the corresponding side section. The reagent 16 in the solid state is placed in two containers 17.1 and 17.2, made in the same way as described above from a gas-permeable material and with two-layer walls, with each of the containers 17.1 and 17.2 made, depending on its size, with one or more compartments. In the lower part of each compartment 12.1 and 12.2 there is a container 17.1 and 17.2 corresponding to each of them with a reagent 16 in the solid state. The reagent 18 in a liquid state is placed in an even number (for example, in two FIGS. 5,6) of closed chambers 19.1 and 19.2, while the same number (one of FIGS. 5 and 6) of closed chambers is placed in the upper part of each compartment 12.1 and 12.2 with reagent 18 in a liquid state.

Each compartment 12.1 and 12.2 is made tapering to the top (Fig. 5 and 6), while the upper and lower parts of each compartment 12.1 and 12.2 are made with dimensions that provide a fixed position in each of them, respectively, is a closed chamber 19.1 and 19.2 with reagent 18 in the liquid state and a container 17.1 and 17.2 with reagent 16 in the solid state both during transportation and when using ПМ 8.

HlM 8 can be placed in the shell 21 from filtering gas-vapor-permeable material, for example, from parchment - W with a density of 40-60 t / and ² . The shell 21 can be made of non-woven material with inclusions of activated carbon (see patent RU - Cl - JVs 2336797, 2008). The use of parchment - W for the manufacture of shell 21 allows you to put on its outer surface the information necessary for the proper use of PTM 8.

When using a patented device for heating packaged or unpacked (as in the prototype) food products that are placed in the cavity of the outer casing 1 with thermal contact with the body of the PTM 8, the outer casing 1 is dimensioned to ensure that not only the PTM 8 is placed in its cavity , but also packaging 22 with the food product or the most heated food product 23, as in the prototype (Fig. 7 and 8). To reduce heat loss to the environment, the walls 2 and 3 of the outer casing 1 are made with a coating 24 of a heat-insulating material deposited on their inner surface (Fig. 8). In the case of heating of the food product contained in package 22 (Fig. 7), one of the walls of the outer casing 1 is insulated from the PTM casing 8 using a plate 25 of heat-insulating material (cardboard, thick paper, etc.), and between the second wall of the outer casing 1 and housing PTM 8 placed packaging 22 with a food product. AT the cavity of the outer casing 1 can be placed an empty packaging 22.1 for a food product (Fig. 2).

A device for heating is used as follows. First, regardless of whether the heated object is in the cavity of the outer casing 1 or not, the user performs actions that provide access to the cavity of the outer casing 1. As mentioned above in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer casing 1 is sealed and the shutter (disposable or reusable, or a combination of sequentially disposable and reusable closures) is located in the upper part of the outer casing 1. Therefore, to provide access to the cavity of the outer casing 1, the user removes, in the first case (in accordance with the above), a one-time shutter by cutting or tearing from the outer casing 1 of its upper end portion in the form of a double strip formed by the upper portion of the seam 4 and the adjacent edge portion (3-20 mm wide) of the outer casing 1. In the second case, the user opens the reusable shutter, which in the preferred embodiment of the invention is in the form of a linear snap shutter 7. In the third case, the user first removes the one-time shutter in the same way as to the above, and then opens the reusable shutter, made preferably in the form of a linear snap-on shutter 7. It should be noted that the execution of the outer casing 1 is hermetic ensures the safety of its contents until the moment corresponding to the start of using the device for heating. In the cavity of the outer casing 1, in addition to PTM 8, either packaging 22.1 (bag) for a food product can be placed, or packaging 22 with a food product, or the heated product 23 itself, in which PTM 8 is placed (Figs. 2, 7 and 8).

In the case when an empty packaging 22.1 for a food product is placed in the cavity of the outer casing 1, additional steps must be taken to fill the empty packaging 22.1 with a food product. For this, the user first removes the empty packaging 22.1 from the cavity of the outer casing 1, and then, after opening it, fills it with a food product intended for heating. After that, the user places the package with the food product contained in it in the cavity of the outer casing 1. Using the package for the food product with a reusable shutter ensures, on the one hand, the sterility of the cavity achieved in the manufacture of the package until the package is opened before filling it with food and on the other hand, isolation of the food product placed in its cavity from the environment during an exothermic chemical reaction.

Further (in all the cases noted above), the user brings the PTM 8 into working condition. In other words, the user initiates an exothermic chemical reaction between those in the solid state 12 or in the compartments 12.1 and 12.2 of the PTM housing 8 reagent 16 in the solid state and reagent 18 in the liquid state. To do this, the user applies a compressive force (in the absence of a shell 21) directly to the upper sections of the sheets 9 and 10 of the PTM case 8 located opposite each other, between which there is either one closed chamber 19 (Fig. 3) with reagent 18 in the liquid state, or two closed chambers 19.1 and 19.2 (Fig. 5, 6) with reagent 18 in a liquid state. If the PTM 8 is placed in the shell 21 of filtering material, then the user applies a compressive force to the sections of the shell 21 under which the above-mentioned upper sections of the sheets 9 and 10 are located. If the shell 21 is made of parchment - W, the outer surface of the shell 21 can be coated from paint in the form of graphic elements and / or text indicating the recommended place of application of compressive force. Before the implementation of the above operation (if necessary), the PTM 8 can be partially removed from the cavity of the outer casing 1, and at its end it is again completely placed in the cavity of the outer casing 1 to ensure good thermal contact with the heated object. It should be noted that the execution of the closed cavity 12 (Fig. 3), as well as the compartments 12.1 and 12.2 (Fig. 5 and 6) tapering to the top, can significantly reduce the likelihood of displacement of the closed chambers 19, 19.1 and 19.2 during transportation of the heating device, and, therefore, provides a fairly reliable fixation of the position of the aforementioned closed chambers in the upper part of the housing of the PTM 8.

When a compressive load (force) is applied to the closed chamber 19 or closed chambers 19.1 and 19.2 made of elastic material, the pressure of the reagent 18 in the closed chambers 19, 19.1 and 19.2 increases in the liquid state. When the pressure in the closed chambers 19, 19.1 and 19.2 reaches the maximum permissible value, their walls are destroyed, and, therefore, the reagent 18 is supplied in a liquid state to the closed cavity 12 or to the compartments 12.1 and 12.2. It should be noted here that the maximum allowable pressure of the reagent 18 in the liquid state (hereinafter water), as a rule, is determined by the mechanical strength of the joints or other compounds inevitably present in closed shells.

Water entering a closed cavity 12 or into compartments 12.1 and 12.2, having first passed through the pores of each layer of each wall of the container 17 or containers 17.1 and 17.2 (see, respectively, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, 6), comes into contact with those in the cavity of the above containers with the reagent 16 in the solid state. In other words, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, water comes into contact with a homogeneous mixture of calcium oxide with anhydrous silica gel, while the content of anhydrous silica gel is in the amount of 1 part per 3.0 to 6.0 parts by weight of calcium oxide. Due to the homogeneity of the mixture, calcium oxide and anhydrous silica gel simultaneously come into contact with water. As a result (see patent RU - Ul - JVe 74787, 2008), simultaneously with an exothermic chemical reaction between calcium oxide and water, an intensive process of sorption of water by anhydrous silica gel occurs, and, therefore, the distribution of excess (from the point of view of providing exothermic at the initial stage of chemical reaction of the required amount of heat generated) water in a bound state over the entire volume of containers 17, 17.1 and 17.2. After initiating an exothermic chemical reaction in the cavity 12 or in the compartments 12.1 and 12.2 of the PTM 8, the user closes the reusable shutter of the outer casing 1 and thereby isolates its cavity from the environment for the time required to heat the food product.

The heat released during the exothermic chemical reaction, through the heat-conducting walls of the body of the PTM 8 formed by sheets 9 and 10, is transferred to objects in thermal contact with them, in the example shown in FIG. 7, one of the walls of the body of the PTM 8 is in thermal contact with one of the walls of the package 22 with the food product. The other wall of the body of the PTM 8 is insulated from the wall of the outer casing 1 using a plate 25 of heat-insulating material. Therefore, the heat flux from the PTM 8 in the direction to the packaging 22 with the food product is much more than the heat flux directed to the outer casing 1. As a result, the efficiency of use of heat released as a result of the exothermic chemical reaction. It should be noted here that the placement of the PTM 8 in the shell 21 of filtering material slightly increases the thermal resistance between the PTM 8 housing and the package 22, however, as will be shown below, it prevents the dispersed reaction products from getting onto its surface.

In the example of FIG. 8, located in the shell 21 of the PTM 8 is placed in the volume of the heated food product 23. In this case, heat from both walls of the housing of the PTM 8 is transferred to the heated food product 23. Thanks to the coating 24 of heat-insulating material deposited on the inner surface of the walls 2 and 3 of the outer casing 1 , the losses of thermal energy into the environment are reduced, and, consequently, the efficiency of using the heat released as a result of the exothermic chemical reaction is increased.

In the course of the exothermic chemical reaction, a heated vapor-gas mixture is also formed, which entails increase in pressure in a closed cavity 12 or in compartments 12.1 and 12.2. As a result of the increase in the pressure of the vapor-gas mixture, the walls of the PTM 8 casing become deformed. However, since at least one of the lateral sections 11.1, 11.2 of the closed contour of the hermetic seam 11 is made with its middle part (in other words, in the section corresponding to the greatest by inflating the PTM case 8 with deformation of its walls) by a zone with reduced mechanical strength, therefore, the pressure increase in the closed cavity 12, as well as in the compartments 12.1 and 12.2, is limited by the moment the pressure of the vapor-gas mixture reaches a value at which there is a gap in the tight joint 11 in the zone (or zones) with reduced mechanical strength.

Patented execution of the zone with reduced mechanical strength in the form of a jumper 14, the width of which in the direction from each of its borders 14.1 and 14.2 is reduced (preferably monotonously in a straight or curved relationship) to a minimum value, while the outer side of the jumper 14 is made straight and is flush with the outer side of the corresponding lateral section, ensures the achievement of the technical result, which consists in the fact that with increasing pressure of the vapor-gas mixture in the closed cavity 12 or in compartments 12.1 and 12.2, their depressurization occurs only as a result of the destruction of the jumpers 14. The fact is that with increasing pressure of the gas-vapor mixture in the areas adjacent to the jumpers 14, local swelling of sheets 9 and 10 is formed, with the greatest change in the radius of curvature (other in words, the maximum concentration of bending stresses) takes place where the width of the jumper 14 is minimal. It was found that the duration of the time interval between the moment of water supply to the PTM cavity 8 and the moment the pressure reaches the value of the vapor – gas mixture — Po, at which the jumper 14 is destroyed, depends on both its length L and the minimum width — Wo, while increasing L (three constant widths Wo) the value of P ₀ increases since the local expansion of sheets 9 and 10 decreases. On the other hand, for a given L, with a decrease in W _{0, the} value of P ₀ decreases. Thus, the geometric parameters of the jumpers 14 can be determined experimentally for each specific case, depending, inter alia, on the materials used and the dimensions of the PTM 8, the mass of the reagents, the required maximum temperature in the closed cavity 12, as well as in the compartments 12.1, 12.2. For example, when the width W of the tight joint 11 is 6 mm, for 40 g of a homogeneous mixture of calcium oxide with anhydrous silica gel with a component ratio of 5: 1 weight. parts, the thickness of sheets 9 and 10 of PTM 8, equal to 35 μm, the optimal dimensions of the jumper 14 have the following values: L / 2 = 27 - 33 mm, Wo = 0.5 - 0.7 mm. It should be noted here that in order to ensure high reproducibility of the operational parameters of the PTM 8, the jumpers 14 are symmetrical in shape with respect to the transverse line 15, dividing its length Z in half.

For normal functioning PTM 8 time interval between the feeding point the water in the closed cavity 12 and into the compartments 12.1 and 12.2, and reaching the pressure of the steam-gas mixture values P _0, must be greater as the time required to achieve the temperature in the closed space 12, and also in compartments 12.1 and 12.2, the maximum value and the time required for the accumulation of an evenly distributed volume of anhydrous silica gel of an amount of water that is sufficient to complete the exothermic chemical reaction between the remaining (at the time of jumper 14 destruction) in containers, 17, 17.1 and 17.2 the amount of oxide calcium and water.

In the case of FIG. 7, the heated vapor-gas mixture through the hole formed as a result of the destruction of one of the zones with reduced mechanical strength enters the cavity of the outer casing 1. As a result, the exposure to the hole of the heated vapor-gas mixture formed as a result of the occurrence of the exothermic chemical reaction and flowing out through the PTM housing formed in the wall 8 is ensured. to another, not in thermal contact with the housing PTM 8, the wall of the package 22 with the food product. Upon contact of the heated vapor-gas mixture with a lower temperature of the packing wall 22, a heat transfer process occurs, accompanied by intense condensation of water vapor. Thus, a simultaneous supply of heat is provided to both opposite walls of the packaging 22 of the food product. In other words, a more complete use of thermal energy released as a result of an exothermic chemical reaction is ensured, which results in either heating the food product at a higher time to a higher temperature, or reducing the time required to heat the food product contained in package 22 and reducing the uneven distribution temperatures in it in comparison with unilateral heating. Regarding the functioning of PTM 8 after formation of holes in its body, then due to the high temperature in the zone of the exothermic chemical reaction, the reverse process begins - desorption of water accumulated in silica gel. This provides a further exothermic chemical reaction between the remaining amount of calcium oxide and water simultaneously in the entire volume of containers 17 or 17.1, 17.2, and, therefore, the full use of the initial amount of calcium oxide. It should be noted that in the absence of silica gel, the full use of calcium oxide does not occur, since after the formation of an opening in the case of PTM 8, the reaction process quickly ends due to the lack of sufficient water. The placement of the PTM 8 in the shell 21 of the filter material (similar to that shown in Fig. 8) eliminates the dispersed (liquid or solid) products of the exothermic chemical reaction from entering the packaging 22 with the food product.

As in the prototype, the heated food product 23 can be placed directly in the cavity of the outer casing 1, while, to prevent the dispersed (liquid and solid) products of the exothermic chemical reaction from entering the heated food product 23, the PTM 8 must be placed in the shell 21 from the filter material passing only purified steam-gas mixture. In this case, the operation of the PTM 8 is no different from the case described above. However, an increase in the heating temperature or a decrease in the time required to heat the food product 23 to a predetermined temperature, in this case, is ensured by the fact that the heated vapor-gas mixture emerging from the opening formed in the housing of the PTM 8 passes through the shell 21 and is cleaned of dispersed particles and from harmful products of an exothermic chemical reaction penetrates into the depth of the food product 23. As a result, the food product 23 is heated not only due to heat conduction, but also due to heat transfer from the vapor-gas mixture heated to high temperature to the food product layer 23 corresponding to the depth penetration of a gas-vapor mixture into this product (in other words, due to heat transfer).

The patented device for heating is multifunctional, since it can also be used as a one-sided and two-sided flat contact heater.

Industrial applicability

The industrial applicability of the invention is also confirmed by the possibility of its implementation using widely known technological, equipment and materials well-known in the food industry.

Claims

Claim

1. The device for heating, containing a flat thermal module located in the cavity of the outer casing, which is made of a gas-tight material and equipped with a shutter, while the housing of the flat thermal module is made of two sheets of gas-tight, flexible, heat-conducting material, which are interconnected in a closed loop by means of an airtight seam with the formation of a closed cavity in which the reagent in the solid state based on calcium oxide and the reagent in the liquid state, which differs the fact that the closed circuit of the sealed seam includes two side sections, the upper and lower ends of which are paired with each other, respectively, the upper and lower sections, at least one of the side sections of the closed contour of the sealed seam is made with a jumper having a width that is less than the width of the sealed a seam in the corresponding lateral section, and forming a zone with reduced mechanical strength, while the outer side of the jumper is made straight and is flush with the outer side, respectively closed loop leaktight seam vuyuschego side portion s, and the width of the web in a direction from each of its boundary is reduced to a predetermined minimum value.

2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the jumper is made of a symmetrical shape with respect to the transverse line dividing its length in half.

3. The device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the width of the jumper in the direction from each of its borders is monotonous decreases.

4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the width of the jumper decreases linearly.

5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the width of the jumper is reduced in a curved manner.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the width of the jumper is reduced in dependence, corresponding to a curve of the second order.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets of the casing of the flat thermal module are additionally interconnected by means of a dividing section of the sealed seam dividing the closed cavity of the casing of the flat thermal module into two adjacent compartments, while the dividing section of the sealed seam is located between the side sections closed loop of the sealed seam and connected at its ends with its upper and lower sections, each of the above-mentioned side sections is made with a jumper forming on the corresponding the lateral section of the zone with reduced mechanical strength, the reagent in the solid state is placed in two containers made of gas-permeable material and containing at least one compartment, the reagent in the liquid state is placed in an even number of closed chambers of elastic material, while in the lower a part of each of the above-mentioned compartments contains a container with a reagent in the solid state, and the same number of closed chambers with a reagent in liquid standing.

8. The device according to p. 7, characterized in that each compartment made tapering to the top, while the upper and lower parts of each compartment are dimensioned to provide a fixed position in each of them, respectively, of a closed chamber with a reagent in a liquid state and a container with a reagent in a solid state, both during transportation and when using flat thermal module.

9. The device according to p. 1 or 7, characterized in that the flat thermal module is placed in a shell of filtering gas-vapor-permeable material.

10. The device according to p. 1 or p. 7, characterized in that the reagent in the solid state is a homogeneous mixture of calcium oxide with anhydrous silica gel with anhydrous silica gel in an amount of 1 part per 3.0 to 6.0 parts by weight of calcium oxide .

11. The device according to p. 1 or p. 7, characterized in that the reagent in the liquid state is water or an aqueous saline solution with a freezing point below 0 ⁰ C.

12. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the outer casing is sealed, and the shutter is placed in its upper part.

13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the shutter is reusable.

14. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the upper edge portion of the outer casing forms a one-time shutter in the form of a cut off or torn off from the outer casing end section in the form of a double strip.

15. The device according to p. 14, characterized in that the outer casing further comprises a reusable shutter located below the end section cut off or torn off from the outer casing.

16. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that one of the walls of the outer casing is insulated from the housing of the flat thermal module.