WO2010123961A1 - Method for improving the flow properties of particulate solid biomass materials - Google Patents
Method for improving the flow properties of particulate solid biomass materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010123961A1 WO2010123961A1 PCT/US2010/031834 US2010031834W WO2010123961A1 WO 2010123961 A1 WO2010123961 A1 WO 2010123961A1 US 2010031834 W US2010031834 W US 2010031834W WO 2010123961 A1 WO2010123961 A1 WO 2010123961A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- particulate solid
- inorganic material
- particulate
- solid inorganic
- biomass material
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
- C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/54—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids characterised by the catalytic bed
- C10G3/55—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids characterised by the catalytic bed with moving solid particles, e.g. moving beds
- C10G3/57—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids characterised by the catalytic bed with moving solid particles, e.g. moving beds according to the fluidised bed technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/304—Pour point, cloud point, cold flow properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to processes involving flow of a particulate solid biomass material, and more particularly to a method for improving the flow properties of particulate solid biomass materials,
- the feed into a screw feeder may be affected by this agglomeration and/or caking propensity, for example due to stalling or bridging of solid particulate biomass material in a hopper or other gravity-feeding device used to feed the screw feeder,
- the present invention addresses these problems by providing a method for improving the flow properties of a particulate solid bioraass material comprising the step of mixing the particulate solid htomass material with a particulate solid inorganic material,
- Another aspect of the invention comprises a method for feeding particulate solid biomass material into a conversion reactor.
- the present invention is based OB the discovery that the flow properties of a mixture of a solid particulate biomass material and a particulate solid inorganic material are significantly better than axe the flow properties of the solid particulate biomass material by itself.
- the present invention provides a method for improving the flow properties of a particulate solid MoBiass materia! comprising the step of mixing the particulate solid biomass material with a particulate solid inorganic material.
- the particulate solid morgamc material may be water-soluble or water-insoluble. Water -insoluble particulate Inorganic materials are preferred.
- the particulate inorganic material is an inert material, that is, it does not catalyze conversion reactions of the biomass material.
- inert materials include sand, quartz, silica, and the like.
- the particulate solid biomass material may be a catalytic material, that is, a material that catalyzes conversion reactions of the biomass materials.
- Suitable materials include solid adds, in particular zeolites, such as zeolite Y and ZSM-S, and zeolite containing materials, such as E-cat (the term used for "equilibrium FCC catalyst"); amphoteric materials, in particular aluminas; and solid bases, such as hydrotaJcite; hydrotalelte- ⁇ ike materials; anionic clays; cationic clays; layered hydroxy metal salts; zeolites; water-insoluble earth alkaline metal salts; mixed metaJ oxides; and mixtures thereof.
- the solid biomass material is impregnated with from 0.1 wt% to 6 wt% of a water-soluble inorganic material.
- suitable water-soluble inorganic materials include the salts, oxides and hydroxides of the alkali metals and the earth alkaline metals.
- the solid biomass material should not be heated to temperatures above
- mixing temperatures below 125 °C.
- the mixing ratio of particulate inorganic material/solid particulate biomass materia] should be high enough for the inorganic material to impart its positive effect on the flow properties of the resulting mixture, in general, the desired minimum mixing ratio is 0.1:1, a mixing ratio of at least 0.5:1 being preferred. Technically there ⁇ a no upper limit to this ratio, as mixtures containing large amounts of inorganic particulate materials have excellent flow properties. For economic reasons it is desirable not to exceed mixing ratios greater than 10: 1. Preferred is an upper limit of 5: 1. Preferred are mixing ratios in the range of from 1.5:1 to 3.5:1.
- the desired particle size of the particulate solid biomass material is to a large extent determined by the reactor type used for the subsequent conversion reaction. If the biomass materia! is intended to be converted in a fluidized bed or a transported fluid bed, the preferred average particle size is in the range of from 5 ⁇ r ⁇ Io 50 mm, preferably from 70 ⁇ m to 5 mm, more preferably from 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the particulate solid inorganic material preferably has a smaller particle size in order to be readily fh ⁇ dizable in a subsequent fh ⁇ dizcd bed of a conversion reactor under the same fluidization conditions.
- Preferred average particle sizes of the particulate solid inorganic material are in the range of from 40 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
- the particulate inorganic solid materia! has a shape index in fee range of from 2 to 1, preferably from 1.5 to 1 , That is, preferred are inorganic particles having a spherical shape or approaching a spherical shape. Preferred also are inorganic particles having a greater hardness than do the solid biomass particles. This is expressed in the attrition index of the particles. The inorganic particles preferably have a lower attrition index than do the solid bioroass particles. Upon mixing of the solid biomass particles and the inorganic particles, for example during pneumatic conveyance, interaction between the two types of particles can reduce the particle size of the solid biomass particles.
- the method of the invention is particularly useful for conveying solid particulate biomass material by a screw feeder system, or pneumatic conveyance, or for fluidizing such material, in preparation to conducting a conversion reaction with the biomass material.
- the method comprises the additional step of feeding the mixture of particulate solid biomass material and particulate solid inorganic material into a pyrolysis reactor.
- the pyrolysis reactor is a fluidized bed reactor.
- the pyrolysis reactor is a fluid transport reactor.
- the pyrolysis reactor is a cyclone reactor.
- Wood particles with an average particle size below 140 microns were charged to an upflow pyrolysis reactor using a screw feeder system.
- the following Tables 1 and 2 include time measurement data (including line out period, material balance period, total time on stream, and the time on stream per six hour day) for runs with wood only (Table I ), and runs with a mixture of 60% catalyst and 40% wood being charged to fee screw feeder,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A method Is disclosed for improving the flow properties of solid particulate biomass material. The- method comprises mixing the solid particulate biomass material with a solid particulate inorganic material The particulate solid inorganic material may be inert, or may have catalytic properties. The method may be used in preparing the biomass material for a conversion reaction, in particular a conversion reaction involving fluidization and/or pneumatic transport of the solid particulate biomass material.
Description
METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE
SOLID BIOMASS MATERIALS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The invention relates generally to processes involving flow of a particulate solid biomass material, and more particularly to a method for improving the flow properties of particulate solid biomass materials,
2. Description of the Related Art
[0002] There is a high level of interest in processes for converting solid biomass material to gaseous and/or liquid products, in particular gaseous and/or liquid fuel materials. Many of the proposed processes for biomass conversion require the solid biomass material to be provided in a small particle size, for example particle sizes rangiag from a few μm to several era, in many cases from a few μm to several mm.
[0003] Solid biomass particles in these particle sisεe ranges are prone to agglomeration, and even caking. TMs propensity makes it difficult to transport these particles by pneumatic conveyance. For this reason many prior art processes rely on screw feeders for transporting particulate solid biomass materials and for injecting such materials into conversion reactors.
[0004] It has been found, however, that the propensity of solid particulate biomass materials to agglomerate and/or cake causes variability in the mass feed flow of these materials, even when a screw feeder is used. This variability causes serious imbalances in the conversion reactions, in particular in reaction systems characterized by a short contact time, such as flash pyrolysis.
[0005] Also the feed into a screw feeder may be affected by this agglomeration and/or caking propensity, for example due to stalling or bridging of solid particulate biomass material in a hopper or other gravity-feeding device used to feed the screw feeder,
[0006] Thus, there is a particular need for a method for Improving the flow properties of solid particulate biomass materials, in particular solid particulate biomass materials having a mean particle size in the range of from 5 μm to 50 mm.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention addresses these problems by providing a method for improving the flow properties of a particulate solid bioraass material comprising the step of mixing the particulate solid htomass material with a particulate solid inorganic material,
[0008] Another aspect of the invention comprises a method for feeding particulate solid biomass material into a conversion reactor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention is based OB the discovery that the flow properties of a mixture of a solid particulate biomass material and a particulate solid inorganic material are significantly better than axe the flow properties of the solid particulate biomass material by itself.
[0010] Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for improving the flow properties of a particulate solid MoBiass materia! comprising the step of mixing the particulate solid biomass material with a particulate solid inorganic material.
[0011] The method Is particularly suitable for use with solid biomass materials comprising cellulose, such ss Hgnocellulosic biomass materials,
[0012] The particulate solid morgamc material may be water-soluble or water-insoluble. Water -insoluble particulate Inorganic materials are preferred.
[0013] In one embodiment, the particulate inorganic material is an inert material, that is, it does not catalyze conversion reactions of the biomass material. Suitable examples of inert materials include sand, quartz, silica, and the like.
[0014] The method may be used in conjunction with a catalytic biomass conversion process. For this embodiment, the particulate solid biomass material may be a catalytic material, that is, a material that catalyzes conversion reactions of the biomass materials. Suitable materials include solid adds, in particular zeolites, such as zeolite Y and ZSM-S, and zeolite containing materials, such as E-cat (the term used for "equilibrium FCC catalyst"); amphoteric materials, in particular aluminas; and solid bases, such as hydrotaJcite; hydrotalelte-ϊike materials; anionic clays; cationic clays; layered hydroxy metal salts; zeolites; water-insoluble earth alkaline metal salts; mixed metaJ oxides; and mixtures thereof.
[0015] In one embodiment the solid biomass material is impregnated with from 0.1 wt% to 6 wt% of a water-soluble inorganic material. Examples of suitable water-soluble inorganic materials include the salts, oxides and hydroxides of the alkali metals and the earth alkaline metals.
[0016] In general, the solid biomass material should not be heated to temperatures above
250º C while being mixed with the solid inorganic material, in particular when the solid inorganic materia! has catalytic properties, to avoid premature conversion of the biomass material. Preferred are mixing temperatures below 125 °C.
[0017] The mixing ratio of particulate inorganic material/solid particulate biomass materia] should be high enough for the inorganic material to impart its positive effect on the flow properties of the resulting mixture, in general, the desired minimum mixing ratio is 0.1:1, a mixing ratio of at least 0.5:1 being preferred. Technically there ϊa no upper limit to this ratio, as mixtures containing large amounts of inorganic particulate materials have excellent flow properties. For economic reasons it is desirable not to exceed mixing ratios greater than 10: 1. Preferred is an upper limit of 5: 1. Preferred are mixing ratios in the range of from 1.5:1 to 3.5:1.
[0018] The desired particle size of the particulate solid biomass material is to a large extent determined by the reactor type used for the subsequent conversion reaction. If the biomass materia! is intended to be converted in a fluidized bed or a transported fluid bed, the preferred average particle size is in the range of from 5 μrø Io 50 mm, preferably from 70 μm to 5 mm, more preferably from 100 μm to 1000 μm.
[0019] Having a greater density, the particulate solid inorganic material preferably has a smaller particle size in order to be readily fhπdizable in a subsequent fhύdizcd bed of a conversion reactor under the same fluidization conditions.
Preferred average particle sizes of the particulate solid inorganic material are in the range of from 40 μm to 200 μm, preferably from 50 μm to 80 μm.
[0020] The particulate inorganic solid materia! has a shape index in fee range of from 2 to 1, preferably from 1.5 to 1 , That is, preferred are inorganic particles having a spherical shape or approaching a spherical shape. Preferred also are inorganic particles having a greater
hardness than do the solid biomass particles. This is expressed in the attrition index of the particles. The inorganic particles preferably have a lower attrition index than do the solid bioroass particles. Upon mixing of the solid biomass particles and the inorganic particles, for example during pneumatic conveyance, interaction between the two types of particles can reduce the particle size of the solid biomass particles.
[0021] The method of the invention is particularly useful for conveying solid particulate biomass material by a screw feeder system, or pneumatic conveyance, or for fluidizing such material, in preparation to conducting a conversion reaction with the biomass material.
[0022] Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the additional step of feeding the mixture of particulate solid biomass material and particulate solid inorganic material into a pyrolysis reactor. In a preferred embodiment the pyrolysis reactor is a fluidized bed reactor.
[0023] In an alternate embodiment the pyrolysis reactor is a fluid transport reactor. [0024] In yet another embodiment the pyrolysis reactor is a cyclone reactor.
The following example is provided to further illustrate this invention and is not to be considered as unduly limiting the scope of this invention.
EXAMPLE
[0025] Wood particles with an average particle size below 140 microns were charged to an upflow pyrolysis reactor using a screw feeder system. The following Tables 1 and 2 include time measurement data (including line out period, material balance period, total time on stream, and the time on stream per six hour day) for runs with wood only (Table I ), and runs with a mixture of 60% catalyst and 40% wood being charged to fee screw feeder,
[0026] As can be seen from the data in the Tables 1 and 2 above, the runs wherein only wood was feed through the screw feeder to the reactor, the total on stream periods ranged from just 30 to 49 minutes, whereas, for the runs including the 40/60 catalyst to biomass mix the total time on stream periods ranged from 90 to 360 minutes. Also, the reactor never did line out for the runs including only wood as the feed. This data demonstrates the advantages of the inventive process of mixing biomass particles with an inorganic solid material to improve the flow properties of the resulting mix over that for biomass alone.
[0027] Thus, the invention has been described by reference to certain embodiments discussed above, It will be recognized that these embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms well known to those of skill m the art
[0028] Many modifications in addition to those described above maybe made to the methods and techniques described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the Invention. Accordingly, although specific embodiments have been described, these are examples only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.
Claims
1 . A method for improving the flow properties of a particulate solid biomass material comprising the step of mixing the particulate solid biomass material with a particulate solid inorganic material.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid biomass material comprises cellulose.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the solid biomass material is a lignocellulosie biomass material.
4. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material is water-insoluble.
5. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material is a catalyst for pyrolytie conversion of the solid biomass material.
6. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the solid biomass material is impregnated with from 0. 1t% to 6 wt% of a water-soktble inorganic material.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the water soluble inorganic material is a salt, oxide or hydroxide of a» alkali metal or an earth alkaline metal.
8. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic materia! has a temperature of less than 250 °C. preferably less than 125 °C at the time of mixing with the solid biomass material.
9. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material and the particulate solid bioraass material are mixed in a weight ratio in the range of from 0.1 : 1 to 10:1, preferably from 0,5: 1 to 5: 1.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the weight ratio is in the range of from 1.5:1 to 3.5: 1.
11. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid biomass material has a mean particle diameter in the range of from 5 μm to 50 mm, preferably from 100 μm to 1000 μm.
12. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material has a mean particle diameter in the range of from 40 μm to 200 μm, preferably from 60 μm to 110 μm.
13. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material comprises particles having a shape index of from 2 to 1, preferably from 1.5 to 1.
14. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material has an attrition index less than the attrition index of the particulate solid biomass materia!.
15. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate solid inorganic material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of hydrotalcite; hydrotaicite-like materials; anionic days; cationic clays; layered hydroxy metal salts; zeolites; water-insoluble earth alkaline metal salts; mixed metal oxides; and mixtures thereof.
16. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 14 wherein the solid inorganic material comprises a zeolite, such as zeolite Y, ZSM-5, or a zeolite-containing material such as E- cat
17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein die solid inorganic materia! comprises an alumina,
18. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 13 wherein the solid inorganic material comprises an inert material selected from the group consisting of sand, quartz., silica, and combinations thereof.
19. The method of any one of the preceding claims comprising the fiirth er step of feeding the mixture of particulate solid biomass material and particulate solid inorganic material into a pyrolysis reactor.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the pyrolysis reactor is a fluidbed bed reactor.
21. The method of 19 wherein the pyrolysis reactor is a fluid transport reactor,
22. The method of 19 wherein the pyrolysis reactor is a cyclone reactor.
23. The method of any one of the preceding claims carried out in a laboratory scale reactor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17150409P | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | |
US61/171,504 | 2009-04-22 |
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WO2010123961A1 true WO2010123961A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8921628B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-12-30 | Kior, Inc. | Refractory mixed-metal oxides and spinel compositions for thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass |
US9518229B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2016-12-13 | Inaeris Technologies, Llc | Catalysts for thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, and methods of making and using |
US9522392B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-12-20 | Inaeris Technologies, Llc | Phosphorous promotion of zeolite-containing catalysts |
Citations (3)
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US4463210A (en) * | 1983-06-01 | 1984-07-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Production of chemical feedstock by the methanolysis of wood |
US6562192B1 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2003-05-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with absorbent free-flowing particles and methods for producing the same |
US6613111B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2003-09-02 | Future Energy Resources Corporation | Small scale high throughput biomass gasification system and method |
-
2010
- 2010-04-21 WO PCT/US2010/031834 patent/WO2010123961A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4463210A (en) * | 1983-06-01 | 1984-07-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Production of chemical feedstock by the methanolysis of wood |
US6562192B1 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2003-05-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with absorbent free-flowing particles and methods for producing the same |
US6613111B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2003-09-02 | Future Energy Resources Corporation | Small scale high throughput biomass gasification system and method |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8921628B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-12-30 | Kior, Inc. | Refractory mixed-metal oxides and spinel compositions for thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass |
US9518229B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2016-12-13 | Inaeris Technologies, Llc | Catalysts for thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, and methods of making and using |
US9522392B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-12-20 | Inaeris Technologies, Llc | Phosphorous promotion of zeolite-containing catalysts |
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