WO2010123146A1 - Procédé de commande d'un système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'un système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010123146A1
WO2010123146A1 PCT/JP2010/057528 JP2010057528W WO2010123146A1 WO 2010123146 A1 WO2010123146 A1 WO 2010123146A1 JP 2010057528 W JP2010057528 W JP 2010057528W WO 2010123146 A1 WO2010123146 A1 WO 2010123146A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
fuel cell
amount
temperature
condenser
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Application number
PCT/JP2010/057528
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jun Yamamoto
Atsushi Ishioka
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Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co., Ltd. filed Critical Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2010123146A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010123146A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04716—Temperature of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04417—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling a fuel cell system including a fuel cell module, a controller, a water supply apparatus, a water container, and a condenser.
  • a solid oxide fuel cell employs an electrolyte of ion-conductive solid oxide such as stabilized zirconia.
  • the electrolyte is interposed between an anode and a cathode to form an electrolyte electrode assembly.
  • the electrolyte electrode assembly is interposed between separators (bipolar plates).
  • separators bipolar plates.
  • a hydrogen gas generated from hydrocarbon raw material by a reformer is used as the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell.
  • a reformed raw material gas is obtained from hydrocarbon raw material of a fossil fuel or the like, such as methane or LNG, and the reformed raw material gas undergoes, for example, steam reforming to produce a reformed gas (fuel gas).
  • a solid oxide fuel cell Ia has an air electrode 2a supplied with air which has been heated by passing through a heat exchanger 4a and a fuel electrode 3a supplied with a fuel which has been reformed by passing through a heat exchanger 5a and a reformer 6a.
  • An exhaust gas from the fuel electrode 3a is discharged into an exhaust gas path 7a having a distribution valve 8a from which a distribution pipe 9a is branched.
  • the distribution pipe 9a supplies a branched exhaust gas to the reformer 6a, the heat exchanger 4a, and the heat exchanger 5a.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-234374 discloses a waste heat collecting system for use with a solid oxide fuel cell.
  • the waste heat collecting system includes a power generation module 4b having a solid oxide fuel cell Ib and a reformer 2b disposed in a power generation chamber 3b therein, and a waste heat collecting heat exchanger 7b for passing an exhaust gas discharged from the power generation chamber 3b through an internal space 5b therein, the waste heat collecting heat exchanger 7b housing a circulation water pipe 6b disposed in the internal space 5b.
  • the waste heat collecting heat exchanger 7b has a lower end wall with a condensed water outlet defined therein which is connected to a water storage tank 8b. Water stored in the water storage tank 8b is supplied to the reformer 2b of the power generation module 4b by a water pump 9b.
  • the distribution pipe 9a since the distribution pipe 9a is branched from the exhaust gas path 7a, the disclosed fuel cell system tends to be large in size and to radiate an increased amount of heat. In addition, the fuel cell system has an increased number of components and hence is liable to be expensive to manufacture.
  • the distribution valve 8a needs to be heat-resistant and durable because it is exposed to a high-temperature exhaust gas that is discharged from the solid oxide fuel cell Ia immediately after it generates electricity. Consequently, the distribution valve 8a is highly costly.
  • a method of controlling a fuel cell system including a fuel cell module for generating electrical energy by electrochemical reactions of a fuel gas and an oxygen- containing gas, a control device for controlling an amount of electrical energy generated in the fuel cell module, a water supply apparatus for supplying water to the fuel cell module, a water container for supplying water to the water supply apparatus , and a condenser for condensing a water vapor contained in an exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module by heat exchange between the exhaust gas and a coolant supplied from an external source, and supplying the condensed water to the water container.
  • the method comprises the first step of detecting an amount of water stored in the water container, the second step of detecting an amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module and at least any of a flow rate, a temperature, a humidity of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the fuel cell module and a flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell module, the third step of calculating a total amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module based on the detection results detected in the second step, the fourth step of calculating an amount of water to be condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module with the total amount of water calculated in the third step as an upper limit, based on the amount of water detected in the first step, the fifth step of calculating at least either a temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser after the heat exchange or a temperature of the coolant discharged from the condenser after the heat exchange, based on the amount of water calculated in the fourth step, and the sixth step of adjusting a flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser
  • the total amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module is calculated based on the detected amount of water stored in the water container, and the amount of water to be condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module is calculated with the calculated total amount of water as an upper limit. Therefore, the water container keeps an optimum amount of water stored therein at all times, and the water extraction efficiency (the amount of water condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module/the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module) of the fuel cell system is increased with a simple and compact arrangement .
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system can be sourced within the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system can be operated with water self-sustainability without the need to be supplied with water from an external source .
  • the water self-sustainability refers to an ability of the fuel cell system to source the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system within the fuel cell system without the need to be supplied with water from an external source.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fuel cell system for carrying out a control method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the fuel cell system
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the control method according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a water level in a water container and a value of a coefficient ⁇ ;
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a control method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a fuel cell system according to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006- 156015;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a waste heat collecting system according to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-234374. Description of Embodiments
  • FIG. 1 shows in block form a fuel cell system 10 for carrying out a control method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system 10 may be used in various applications, e.g., as a stationary system or a vehicle-mounted system.
  • the fuel cell system 10 comprises a power generation unit 12 and a hot-water storage unit 14.
  • the power generation unit 12 includes a fuel cell module 16 for generating electrical energy in power generation by electrochemical reactions of a fuel gas (hydrogen gas) and an oxygen-containing gas (air), a control device (computer) 18 for controlling the amount of electrical energy generated in the fuel cell module 16, a water supply apparatus (including a water pump) 20 for supplying water to the fuel cell module 16, a water container 22 for supplying water to the water supply apparatus 20, and a condenser 24 for condensing water vapor contained in an exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 by heat exchange between the exhaust gas and a coolant (e.g., water) supplied from an external source and supplying the condensed water to the water container 22.
  • a coolant e.g., water
  • the hot-water storage unit 14 has a hot-water storage tank 26.
  • the hot-water storage tank 26 stores therein the coolant, which is circulated through the condenser 24 by a pump 28.
  • the hot-water storage tank 26 is supplied with city water and supplies hot water to a home, etc.
  • the power generation unit 12 includes the fuel cell module 16, a fuel gas supply apparatus (including a fuel gas pump) 32 for supplying a raw fuel (e.g., city gas) to the fuel cell module 16, an oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus (including an air pump) 34 for supplying an oxygen- containing gas to the fuel cell module 16, the water supply apparatus 20, the water container 22, the condenser 24, and a power converter 36 for converting the direct current electrical energy generated in the fuel cell module 16 into electrical energy according to the requirements specification.
  • a commercial power source 38 (or a load, secondary battery, or the like) is connected to the power converter 36 (see FIG. 2).
  • the fuel cell module 16 (not shown) includes a fuel cell stack 48 formed by stacking a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells 46 in a vertical direction.
  • the fuel cells 46 are formed by stacking electrolyte electrode assemblies 42 and separators 44.
  • Each of the electrolyte electrode assemblies 42 includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte (solid oxide) interposed between the anode and the cathode.
  • the electrolyte is made of ion- conductive solid oxide such as stabilized zirconia (see FIG. 2).
  • an heat exchanger 50 for heating the oxygen-containing gas before it is supplied to the fuel cell stack 48, an evaporator 52 for evaporating the water to generate a mixed fuel of the raw fuel chiefly containing hydrocarbon and water vapor, and a reformer 54 for reforming the mixed fuel to produce a fuel gas (reformed gas) are provided.
  • a load applying mechanism 56 for applying a tightening load to the fuel cells 46 of the fuel cell stack 48 in the stacking direction indicated by the arrow A is provided.
  • the reformer 54 is a preliminary reformer for reforming higher hydrocarbon (C 2+ ) such as ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (CaH 8 ), and butane (C 4 Hi 0 ) in the city gas (raw fuel) by steam reforming to produce a fuel gas chiefly containing methane (CH 4 ).
  • C 2+ hydrocarbon
  • ethane C 2 H 6
  • propane CaH 8
  • butane C 4 Hi 0
  • the operating temperature of the reformer 54 is several hundred 0 C.
  • the operating temperature of the fuel cell 46 is as high as several hundred 0 C.
  • methane in the fuel gas is reformed to obtain hydrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode.
  • the heat exchanger 50 performs heat exchange between a consumed reactant gas (hereinafter also referred to as the exhaust gas or the combustion exhaust gas) discharged from the fuel cell stack 48 and a heated fluid (air) which flow in a counterflow manner. After the heat exchange, the exhaust gas is discharged into an exhaust pipe 60, and the air is supplied as oxygen-containing gas to the fuel cell stack 48.
  • the evaporator 52 is connected to a dual pipe having a raw fuel channel 62 and a water channel (water pipe) 64 defined therein.
  • the evaporator 52 has an outlet connected to an inlet of the reformer 54, which has an outlet connected to a fuel gas supply passage (not shown) of the fuel cell stack 48.
  • the evaporator 52 is also connected to a main exhaust pipe 65 which discharges the exhaust gas supplied to the evaporator 52.
  • the raw fuel channel 62 is connected to the fuel gas supply apparatus 32.
  • An air supply pipe 66 is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus 34 and the heat exchanger 50. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the exhaust pipe 60 and the main exhaust pipe 65 are connected to the condenser 24.
  • the exhaust pipe 60 and the main exhaust pipe 65 have respective outlets from the condenser 24 which are connected to an exhaust pipe 68.
  • the hot-water storage tank 26 has a circulation pipe 70 connected to the pump 28.
  • the coolant is introduced through the circulation pipe 70 into the condenser 24, in which the coolant is heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas . Then, the heated coolant is returned to an upper portion of the hot-water storage tank 26 through the circulation pipe 70.
  • the water channel 64 has a flow meter 74a positioned downstream of the water supply apparatus 20.
  • the raw fuel channel 62 has a flow meter 74b positioned downstream of the fuel gas supply apparatus 32.
  • the air supply pipe 66 has a flow meter 74c positioned downstream of the oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus 34.
  • a thermo-hygrometer 76 is connected to the inlet of the oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus 34.
  • the water container 22 is equipped with a water level meter 78 disposed at a given height for detecting the level of the water stored in the water container 22.
  • the exhaust pipe 68 connected to the condenser 24 has a thermocouple 80a for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • the circulation pipe 70 has, at the outlet of - li ⁇
  • thermocouple 80b for detecting the temperature of the heated coolant.
  • the control device 18 controls the water supply apparatus 20, the fuel gas supply apparatus 32, the oxygen- containing gas supply apparatus 34, and the pump 28.
  • the control device 18 is supplied with respective detected signals from the flow meters 74a, 74b, 74c, the thermo- hygrometer 76, the water level meter 78, and the thermocouples 80a, 80b. Operation of the fuel cell system 10 will be described below.
  • a raw fuel such as the city gas (including CH 4 , C 2 H6, C 3 H 8 , C 4 Hi 0 ) is supplied to the raw fuel channel 62.
  • water is supplied to the water channel 64, and the oxygen- containing gas such as the air is supplied to the air supply pipe 66 through the oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus 34.
  • the evaporator 52 the raw fuel flowing through the raw fuel channel 62 is mixed with the water vapor, and a mixed fuel is obtained.
  • the mixed fuel is supplied to the inlet of the reformer 54.
  • the mixed fuel undergoes steam reforming in the reformer 54.
  • hydrocarbon of C 2+ is removed (reformed) , and a fuel gas chiefly containing methane is obtained.
  • the fuel gas flows through the outlet of the reformer 54 into the fuel cell stack 48.
  • the methane in the fuel gas is reformed, and the hydrogen gas is obtained.
  • the fuel gas chiefly containing the hydrogen gas is supplied to the anode (not shown) .
  • the air supplied from the air supply pipe 66 to the heat exchanger 50 moves along the heat exchanger 50, and is heated to a predetermined temperature by heat exchange with the exhaust gas as described later.
  • the air heated by the heat exchanger 50 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 48, and then supplied to the cathode (not shown) .
  • the electrolyte electrode assembly 42 by electrochemical reactions of the fuel gas and the air, power generation is performed.
  • the hot exhaust gas (several hundred 0 C) discharged to the outer circumferential region of each of the electrolyte electrode assemblies 42 flows through the heat exchanger 50, and heat exchange with the air is carried out .
  • the air is heated to a predetermined temperature, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is decreased.
  • the exhaust gas evaporates the water passing through the water channel 64. After the exhaust gas passes through the evaporator 52, the exhaust gas is sent to the condenser 24 through the main exhaust pipe 65, and the water vapor is condensed. The exhaust gas components are discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 68. Since the condenser 24 is supplied with the coolant from the hot-water storage tank 26, the coolant and the exhaust gas exchange heat with each other, thereby condensing the water vapor in the exhaust gas into water.
  • the produced water is introduced into the water container 22 that is disposed downstream of the condenser 24.
  • the water supply apparatus 20 that is disposed downstream of the water container 22 is actuated to supply the water that is stored in the water container 22 through the water channel 64 to the fuel cell module 16.
  • the control method has the step (first step) of detecting the stored amount of water in the water container 22 with the water level meter 78 (step Sl).
  • the control device 18 sets a coefficient ⁇ based on the detected amount of water in the water container 22, i.e., the water level in the water container 22.
  • the coefficient ⁇ serves as a coefficient to be used for calculating a target amount of condensed water, as described later, and is set to a value shown in FIG. 4 depending on the water level in the water container 22. For example, if the detected water level is within a preset range, then the coefficient ⁇ is set to a value in the range of 0.95 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.05. If the detected water level is lower than the preset range, then the coefficient ⁇ is set to a value in the range of ⁇ > 1.05.
  • step S2 each amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16 is calculated. Specifically, an amount of water supplied from the water supply apparatus 20 to the fuel cell module 16 is detected by the flow meter 74a. A flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus 34 to the fuel cell module 16 is detected by the flow meter 74c. The temperature and humidity of oxygen-containing gas are measured by the thermo-hygrometer 76. A flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply apparatus 32 to the fuel cell module 16 is detected by the flow meter 74b. Step Sl (the first step) and step S2 (the second step) may be switched around in sequence.
  • step S3 a total amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16 is calculated based on the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16 and at least any of the flow rate, the temperature, the humidity of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the fuel cell module 16 and the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell module 16, which have been detected in the second step.
  • the control device 18 performs the step (fourth step) of calculating an amount of water to be condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas that is discharged from the fuel cell module 16 based on the coefficient ⁇ determined in step Sl, with the calculated total amount of water in step S3 as the upper limit (step S4).
  • the input amount of water refers to the amount of water supplied from the water container 22 to the fuel cell module 16 by the water supply apparatus 20.
  • step S5 (fifth step), in which a temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange, i.e., a target exhaust gas temperature T, is set based on the target amount of condensed water calculated in step S4. Then, based on the target exhaust gas temperature T, the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is adjusted in a sixth step.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 24 into the exhaust pipe 68 is detected by the thermocouple 80a (step S6). If it is judged that the detected temperature of the exhaust gas is equal to or lower than the target exhaust gas temperature T (YES in step S6), then the condenser 24 reduces or maintains the amount of condensed water in step S7. If it is judged that the detected temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than the target exhaust gas temperature T (NO in step S6), then the condenser 24 increases the amount of condensed water in step S8.
  • the stored amount of water in the water container 22 is detected, the total amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16 is calculated, and the amount of water to be condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16, i.e., the target amount of condensed water, is calculated with the calculated total amount of water as the upper limit, based on the detected stored amount of water in the water container 22. Consequently, the water container 22 can keep an optimum amount of water stored therein at all times, and hence, water extraction efficiency (the amount of water condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module/the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module) of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with a simple and compact arrangement .
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and the fuel cell system 10 can be operated with water self-sustainability without the need to be supplied with water from an external source .
  • step S4 the fourth step
  • the amount of water stored in the water container 22 and the preset range for the stored amount of water are compared with each other in order to calculate a target amount of condensed water. Consequently, an optimum amount of water can be kept in the water container 22 to make it possible to source the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 within the fuel cell system 10.
  • the fuel cell system 10 can thus be operated with water self- sustainability without the need to be supplied with water from an external source.
  • the coefficient ⁇ is set to a value in excess of 1.05 (see FIG. 4), for example.
  • the amount of water to be condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas that is discharged from the fuel cell module 16, i.e., the target amount of condensed water is set to an amount greater than the amount of water which is supplied from the water container 22 to the fuel cell module 16 by the water supply apparatus 20.
  • the water extraction efficiency is set to a value greater than 100% and the target amount of condensed water becomes greater than the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16, so that the water container 22 maintains an optimum amount of water stored therein.
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and the fuel cell system 10 can be operated with water self-sustainability without the need to be supplied with water from an external source. If it is judged that the amount of water stored in the water container 22 is greater than the preset range, then the target amount of condensed water is set to a value smaller than the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16 by the water supply apparatus 20.
  • the water extraction efficiency is set to a value smaller than 100% and the target amount of condensed water becomes smaller than the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16, so that the water container 22 maintains an optimum amount of water stored therein.
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and the fuel cell system 10 can be operated with water self-sustainability without the need to be supplied with water from an external source.
  • the target amount of condensed water is set to a value equal to the amount of water supplied to the fuel cell module 16. Therefore, the water extraction efficiency is set to 100%, so that the water container 22 maintains an optimum amount of water stored therein.
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and the fuel cell system 10 can be operated with water self- sustainability without the need to be supplied with water from an external source.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is compared with the target exhaust gas temperature T in order to increase or reduce the amount of condensed water.
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and after the heat contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 is collected effectively, the exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with ease.
  • step S6 If it is judged that the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is equal to or lower than the target exhaust gas temperature T (YES: step S6), then the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is reduced or maintained. Therefore, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is reduced or maintained, thereby increasing or maintaining the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • the amount of water condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas is kept at an optimum level at all times, so that any excess water is reliably prevented from being produced.
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and after the heat contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 is collected effectively, the exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with ease.
  • step S6 If it is judged that the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is in excess of the target exhaust gas temperature T (NO: step S6 ) , then the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is increased. Therefore, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is high, the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is increased, thereby lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • the amount of water condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas is kept at an optimum level at all times , so that any water shortage is reliably prevented from taking place .
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and after the heat contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 is collected effectively, the exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with ease.
  • the fuel cell module 16 includes the fuel cell stack 48, the heat exchanger 50, the evaporator 52, and the reformer 54. Therefore, the control method according to the present invention is particularly optimally applicable to the fuel cell module 16 which performs steam reforming. resulting in desirable advantages.
  • the fuel cell module 16 comprises a hot temperature fuel cell system, e.g., made up of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) module to achieve the desired advantages.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • the present invention is suitably applicable to other hot temperature fuel cell modules or medium temperature fuel cell modules.
  • MCFCs molten carbonate fuel cells
  • PAFCs phosphoric acid fuel cells
  • HMFCs hydrogen membrane fuel cells
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • steps SIl through S14 are carried out in the same manner as steps Sl through S4 according to the first embodiment.
  • step S15 in which temperatures for the coolant discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange, i.e., a target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX) and a target coolant lower limit temperature (MIN) , are set based on the target amount of condensed water.
  • the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is adjusted based on the target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX) and the target coolant lower limit temperature (MIN) (sixth step).
  • step S16 a temperature of the coolant discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is detected by the thermocouple 80b, and the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is compared with the target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX) . If it is judged that the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is equal to or lower than the target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX) (YES in step S16), then control goes to step S17 in which the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is compared with the target coolant lower limit temperature (MIN).
  • MAX target coolant upper limit temperature
  • step S17 If it is judged that the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is equal to or higher than the target coolant lower limit temperature (MIN) (YES in step S17), i.e., if it is judged that the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange falls within the preset range, then control goes to step S18 in which the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is maintained.
  • MIN target coolant lower limit temperature
  • step S17 If it is judged that the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is lower than the target coolant lower limit temperature (MIN) (NO in step S17), then control goes to step S19 in which the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is reduced. If it is judged that the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is higher than the target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX) (NO in step S16), then control goes to step S20 in which the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is increased.
  • MIN target coolant lower limit temperature
  • MAX target coolant upper limit temperature
  • the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is maintained. Therefore, since the temperature of the coolant is optimum, the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is maintained, and thereby the amount of water to be condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas is kept at an optimum level at all times .
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and after the heat contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 is collected effectively, the exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with ease.
  • the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is reduced.
  • the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is reduced, and thus the temperature of the exhaust gas is set to a high value.
  • the amount of water condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas is kept at an optimum level at all times, so that any excess water is reliably prevented from being produced.
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and after the heat contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 is collected effectively, the exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with ease. If it is judged that the temperature of the coolant discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is higher than the target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX), e.g., 80° , then the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is increased. Therefore, when the temperature of the coolant is high, the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is increased, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is set to a low value. Thus, the amount of water condensed from the water vapor in the exhaust gas is kept at an optimum level at all times , so that any water shortage is reliably prevented from taking place.
  • MAX target coolant upper limit temperature
  • the total amount of water required in the operation of the fuel cell system 10 can be sourced within the fuel cell system 10, and after the heat contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module 16 is collected effectively, the exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased with ease.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a control method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • steps S31 through S35 are carried out in the same manner as steps Sl through S5 according to the first embodiment.
  • step S36 if it is judged that the detected temperature of the exhaust gas is equal to or lower than the target exhaust gas temperature T (YES in step S36), then control goes to step S37 in which a temperature of the coolant discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is detected by the thermocouple 80b, and the temperature of the coolant after the heat exchange is compared with the target coolant upper limit temperature (MAX). Then, steps S37 through S41 are carried out in the same manner as steps S16 through S20 according to the second embodiment .
  • MAX target coolant upper limit temperature
  • step S36 if it is judged that the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 24 after the heat exchange is higher than the target exhaust gas temperature T (NO in step S36), then control goes to step S41 in which the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the condenser 24 is increased.
  • the water container 22 keeps an optimum amount of water stored therein at all times .
  • the water extraction efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 is increased to enable the fuel cell system 10 to operate with water self-sustainability.
  • the heat of the exhaust gas is effectively collected to increase the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 with ease.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de commande d'un système de pile à combustible qui comprend une première étape de détection d'une quantité d'eau dans un contenant d'eau (22), une deuxième étape de détection d'une quantité d'eau fournie au module de pile à combustible (16) et de débit, de température, d'humidité de gaz contenant de l'oxygène fourni au module (16) ou de débit de gaz combustible fourni au module (16), une troisième étape de calcul d'une quantité d'eau totale fournie au module (16) sur la base des résultats de la deuxième étape, une quatrième étape de calcul de quantité d'eau devant être condensée à partir de vapeur d'eau dans un gaz d'échappement à partir du module (16) avec la quantité d'eau totale calculée en tant que limite supérieure sur la base du résultat de la première étape, une cinquième étape de calcul d'une température du gaz d'échappement ou du fluide refroidisseur provenant du condenseur (24) après échange thermique, à partir du résultat de la quatrième étape, et une sixième étape d'ajustement du débit du fluide refroidisseur fourni au condenseur (24) sur la base de la température calculée
PCT/JP2010/057528 2009-04-22 2010-04-21 Procédé de commande d'un système de pile à combustible WO2010123146A1 (fr)

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EP2755269A4 (fr) * 2011-09-06 2015-04-29 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Système de cogénération
EP2755269A1 (fr) * 2011-09-06 2014-07-16 Panasonic Corporation Système de cogénération
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EP2797149A4 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2015-05-27 Posco Energy Co Ltd Unité de récupération de chaleur basée sur une pile à combustible et son procédé d'exploitation
WO2014056660A1 (fr) * 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de piles à combustible à base de piles à combustible à oxyde solide
CN105190186A (zh) * 2013-03-11 2015-12-23 罗伯特·博世有限公司 加热设备及用于运行加热设备的方法
WO2014139712A1 (fr) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage
GB2533265A (en) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-22 Intelligent Energy Ltd Fuel cell system
GB2533265B (en) * 2014-12-01 2021-09-15 Intelligent Energy Ltd Fuel cell system
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EP3176861A1 (fr) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-07 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Système de pile à combustible avec récupération d'eau
US20200235412A1 (en) * 2017-08-14 2020-07-23 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system and refrigerant flow rate estimation method for the same
US11545682B2 (en) * 2017-08-14 2023-01-03 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system and refrigerant flow rate estimation method for the same
CN110165244A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2019-08-23 苏州市华昌能源科技有限公司 燃料电池的温湿度控制系统及温湿度控制方法
CN110165244B (zh) * 2019-05-16 2021-04-09 苏州市华昌能源科技有限公司 燃料电池的温湿度控制系统及温湿度控制方法
CN115295826A (zh) * 2022-07-25 2022-11-04 上海杰宁新能源科技发展有限公司 一种燃料电池控制方法、系统、存储介质及智能终端

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