WO2010122658A1 - 荷重測定装置及び方法並びにプログラム - Google Patents
荷重測定装置及び方法並びにプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010122658A1 WO2010122658A1 PCT/JP2009/058139 JP2009058139W WO2010122658A1 WO 2010122658 A1 WO2010122658 A1 WO 2010122658A1 JP 2009058139 W JP2009058139 W JP 2009058139W WO 2010122658 A1 WO2010122658 A1 WO 2010122658A1
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- load
- sensor
- windmill
- blade
- measurement data
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/83—Testing, e.g. methods, components or tools therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/328—Blade pitch angle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/331—Mechanical loads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/808—Strain gauges; Load cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a load measuring apparatus and method, and a program.
- a sensor for measuring a load applied to a wind turbine blade is attached to a blade root portion or the like in a wind turbine generator, and the load is calculated by processing data measured by these sensors.
- the load is measured for each windmill blade and the load value is calibrated. Has been proposed to do. US Pat. No. 6,940,186
- the load is calibrated by measuring the load of each windmill blade in a state where the windmill rotor is fixed so as not to rotate manually (using a lock pin or the like).
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a load measuring apparatus, method, and program capable of efficiently calibrating the load of a wind turbine blade regardless of observation conditions.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a load measuring device applied to a wind turbine in which the pitch angle of the wind turbine blade is variable, a sensor for obtaining the distortion of the wind turbine blade, and the distortion of the wind turbine blade.
- a calibration unit that calibrates the function based on the measurement data of the sensor acquired in the pitch angle range and the rotation speed range of the wind turbine blades in which the variation between the minimum and the minimum is a predetermined value or less. is there.
- the calibration means for calibrating the function held by the load calculation means is provided, and this calibration means has a variation between the maximum and the minimum of the aerodynamic torque due to the wind speed being a predetermined value or less. Since the function is calibrated based on the measurement data of the sensor acquired in the pitch angle range and the rotation speed range of the windmill blade, the condition of the wind speed can be widened.
- the calibration means calibrates the function based on measurement data of the sensor acquired in a pitch angle range and a rotation speed range of the windmill blade in which the aerodynamic torque is equal to or less than a predetermined value. It is good.
- the calibration means includes a table in which a load of the windmill blade, a pitch angle of the windmill blade, and an azimuth angle are associated with no wind, and the windmill blade when measurement data is acquired by the sensor. Obtained by the load acquisition means for acquiring the load of the windmill blade corresponding to the pitch angle and the azimuth angle from the table, the strain calculation means for calculating the distortion of the windmill blade from the measurement data of the sensor, and the load acquisition means.
- the apparatus may further comprise parameter calculation means for calibrating the parameters of the function based on the relationship between the load of the windmill blade and the strain calculated by the strain calculation means.
- the table is associated with the wind turbine blade load and the wind turbine blade pitch angle and azimuth angle when there is no wind, and corresponds to the wind turbine blade pitch angle and azimuth angle when the measurement data is acquired by the sensor.
- the load of the wind turbine blade is acquired from the table by the load acquisition means
- the distortion of the wind turbine blade is calculated from the sensor measurement data by the strain calculation means
- the parameter of the function is calibrated by the parameter calculation means based on the relationship with the distortion obtained.
- the table of the calibration means associates the load with the azimuth angle and the pitch angle. Therefore, if the azimuth angle and the pitch angle when the measurement data is acquired is known, the load of the windmill blade at that time is calculated. It can be easily grasped.
- the parameters of the function are calibrated based on the relationship between the wind turbine blade distortion calculated based on the measurement data and the load determined based on the measurement data, the distortion of the measurement data must be calibrated with high accuracy. Can do.
- the calibration means obtains the measurement data of the sensor at the time of no load based on the load of the windmill blade acquired by the load acquisition means and the measurement data of the sensor.
- the measurement data of the sensor may be offset calibrated using the measurement data at the time.
- the measurement data at the time of no load included in the measurement data of the sensor is obtained and offset, so that the accuracy of the measurement data can be improved.
- the sensor is a pair of first sensors provided at positions facing each other across the windmill blade, and positions different from the first sensor and facing each other across the windmill blade. It is good also as providing a pair of 2nd sensor provided in.
- the sensor is a position opposed to the wind turbine blade, is different from the first sensor and the second sensor, and is the first sensor or the second sensor. It is good also as providing a pair of 3rd sensor provided in the position parallel to either.
- the third sensor can be used for measuring information other than the load.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a load measuring device applied to a windmill in which the pitch angle of the windmill blade is variable, a sensor for obtaining distortion of the windmill blade, and distortion of the windmill blade.
- a load calculating means for obtaining a load of the windmill blade by using a strain based on measurement data of the sensor, and a wind speed of 3 meters or less.
- each of the pitch angles set at the minimum pitch angle and the maximum pitch angle at two points including the first azimuth angle and the second azimuth angle rotated 180 degrees from the first azimuth angle.
- a load measuring device comprising calibration means for calibrating the function based on measurement data of the sensor.
- the calibration unit that calibrates the function held by the load calculation unit is provided, and the calibration unit is configured such that when the wind speed is 3 meters or less, the first azimuth angle and the first azimuth angle.
- the function is calibrated based on the measurement data of each sensor when the pitch angle is set to the minimum pitch angle and the maximum pitch angle at two points consisting of the second azimuth angle rotated 180 degrees from the azimuth angle of one. Therefore, the function can be calibrated based on a small amount of measurement data.
- a load measuring method applied to a wind turbine in which the pitch angle of the wind turbine blade is variable, the distortion of the wind turbine blade is obtained, and the distortion of the wind turbine blade and the wind turbine blade A function representing a relationship with the load, and using the strain based on the measurement data of the sensor for the function, the load of the wind turbine blade is obtained, and the variation between the maximum and minimum of the aerodynamic torque due to the wind speed is a predetermined value.
- the load measuring method calibrates the function based on the measurement data of the sensor acquired in the pitch angle range and the rotation speed range of the windmill blade as described below.
- a load measurement program applied to a wind turbine in which the pitch angle of the wind turbine blade is variable, and a function representing a relationship between the distortion of the wind turbine blade and the load of the wind turbine blade. And using the distortion based on the measurement data of the sensor for the function, the first processing for obtaining the load of the windmill blade, and the variation between the maximum and the minimum of the aerodynamic torque due to the wind speed is a predetermined value or less. It is a load measurement program for making a computer perform the 2nd processing which calibrates this function based on the measurement data of the sensor acquired in the pitch angle range and rotation speed range of a windmill blade.
- a load measuring method applied to a wind turbine in which the pitch angle of the wind turbine blade is variable, wherein the function represents a relationship between the distortion of the wind turbine blade and the load of the wind turbine blade.
- the first azimuth angle and the first azimuth angle are obtained by using the strain based on the measurement data of the sensor as the function.
- a load measurement program applied to a wind turbine in which the pitch angle of the wind turbine blade is variable, and a function representing a relationship between the distortion of the wind turbine blade and the load of the wind turbine blade. And using the strain based on the measurement data of the sensor as the function, the first processing for obtaining the load of the windmill blade, and the first azimuth angle and the second when the wind speed is 3 meters or less. Based on the measurement data of each sensor when the pitch angle is set to the minimum pitch angle and the maximum pitch angle at two points consisting of the second azimuth angle rotated 180 degrees from the one azimuth angle, It is the load measurement program which makes a computer perform the 2nd process to calibrate.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure showing the schematic structure of the whole wind power generator concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating a blade root part. It is an example of sectional drawing in the position of 1.8 meters from the blade root part of a windmill blade. It is a figure for demonstrating arrangement
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wind turbine generator to which a load measuring device 100 according to the present embodiment is applied.
- the wind turbine generator 1 according to the present embodiment is a windmill in which the pitch angle of the windmill blade 10 is variable.
- the wind turbine generator 1 includes a support column 2, a nacelle 3 installed at the upper end of the support column 2, and a rotor head (hub) provided on the nacelle 3 so as to be rotatable around a substantially horizontal axis. 4.
- Three windmill blades 10 are attached to the rotor head 4 radially around the rotational axis thereof.
- Each windmill blade 10 is provided with a plurality of sensors (sensing units) 7 for obtaining distortion of the windmill blade 10.
- the sensor 7 is, for example, an FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating sensor).
- the FBG is an optical fiber sensor engraved with a Bragg grating, and detects changes in the lattice spacing due to distortion and thermal expansion based on the wavelength change of reflected light.
- the rotor head 4 includes a signal processing unit (not shown) that receives the measurement result of the sensor 7 (sensing unit).
- each wind turbine blade 10 is provided with a first sensor, a second sensor, and a third sensor.
- the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor each have a pair of sensors provided at positions facing each other with the wind turbine blade 10 interposed therebetween.
- the first sensor and the second sensor may be provided such that a straight line connecting two sensors constituting each of the first sensor and the second sensor intersects substantially vertically.
- the third sensor is, for example, a sensor used for temperature compensation, and is provided around the first sensor or the second sensor.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the position of the sensor 7 (sensing unit) attached to the windmill blade.
- the sensor 7 is provided, for example, at a position 1.8 meters away from the root of the windmill blade 10.
- the root is a boundary between the wind turbine blade 10 and the rotor head 4 as shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, this root is referred to as a “wing root”.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a cross-sectional view at a position 1.8 meters from the blade root portion of the wind turbine blade 10 to which the sensor 7 is attached.
- a sensor A3 is provided on the back side 21 of the windmill blade 10
- a sensor A1 is provided on the abdomen side 22 to constitute a first sensor.
- a sensor A5 is provided at the same position as A3, and a sensor A6 is provided at the same position as A1, thereby forming a third sensor.
- a sensor A2 is provided in the direction of the front edge 23 of the windmill blade 10, and a sensor A4 is provided in the direction of the rear edge 24, thereby constituting a second sensor.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement of the sensor 7 attached to the windmill blade 10 when viewed from the blade root portion of the windmill blade 10.
- the position where the sensor A1 is provided is HP
- the position where the sensor A3 is provided is LP
- the position where the sensor A2 is provided is LE
- the sensor A4 is provided. Is defined as TE.
- the tilt angle is an inclination angle of the rotating surface of the windmill blade 10 with respect to the vertical axis of the tower, and even if the windmill blade 10 is deformed by wind power during operation, the windmill blade 10 and the tower are in contact with each other. In order to prevent this, such an inclination angle is provided. This tilt angle may be ignored or taken into account in the calculation described later.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing the functions provided in the load measuring apparatus 100 in an expanded manner.
- the load measuring apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes a load calculation unit (load calculation unit) 20 and a calibration unit (calibration unit) 30.
- the load calculation unit 20 has a function that represents the relationship between the distortion of the windmill blade and the load of the windmill blade 10, and by using the distortion based on the measurement data of the sensors A1 to A6 as the function, the load of the windmill blade 10 is calculated. Ask for.
- the calibration unit 30 calibrates the above function based on the sensor measurement data acquired in the pitch angle range and the rotation speed range of the wind turbine blade 10 in which the variation between the maximum and the minimum of the aerodynamic torque due to the wind speed is a predetermined value or less. To do. It is more preferable to use sensor measurement data acquired during a period satisfying the condition of the pitch angle range of the wind turbine blade 10 where the aerodynamic torque is equal to or less than a predetermined value and the condition of the rotational speed range.
- FIG. 6 shows the change in the aerodynamic torque until the windmill blade 10 is stopped by changing the windmill blade 10 from the fine side (pitch angle 21 degrees) to the feather side (pitch angle 109 degrees). To 12 m / second).
- the pitch angle of 21 degrees or 109 degrees is an angle of the windmill blade 10 when the position of the blade reference line determined when the windmill blade 10 is attached to the windmill rotor 3 is 0 degrees.
- the pitch angle of 0 degrees is an angle on the blade reference line defined on the blade root cross section, and the angle formed by this line and the rotor plane is the pitch angle.
- three windmill blades at a speed of 2.5 degrees per second in the range of 21 to 45 degrees of pitch angle and 1.0 degree per second in the range of 45 to 109 degrees of pitch angle. 10 is changed at the same time, and measurement data in the three wind turbine blades 10 at this time are acquired. Moreover, the windmill blade 10 is rotated by changing the pitch angle, and is in an idle state.
- the idle rotation is a state where the windmill blade 10 is rotated within a range where the wind power generator 1 does not generate power (for example, a state where the windmill blade 10 rotates at a low speed).
- the windmill blade 10 in order to perform the same process with respect to all the three windmill blades 10, suppose that one windmill blade 10 is demonstrated in the following description.
- region A As shown in FIG. 6, in the region A, different aerodynamic torque is applied depending on the wind speed. Thereafter, when the right side of the region A (in other words, the pitch angle is larger than 60 degrees and the rotational speed of the generator is 0 to 300 rpm (when the frequency is 60 Hz))
- the torque value is about -300 kilonewton meters or more, and the torque is small enough to ignore the influence of aerodynamic torque.
- the condition of the rotational speed range on the right side from the region A is 0 to 300 rpm, but is not limited to this, and may be set according to the frequency.
- the rotation speed range condition may be set to 0 to 250 rpm.
- the calibration unit 30 uses measurement data acquired in a portion that is not the region A, that is, in a range where the aerodynamic torque does not depend on the wind speed.
- measurement data acquired from a pitch angle of 60 degrees to 109 degrees which is a pitch angle in a range in which the variation between the maximum and the minimum of the aerodynamic torque is equal to or less than a predetermined value, is used.
- the basis for using the data of the area other than the area A will be described later.
- the calibration unit 30 includes a table 31, a load acquisition unit (load acquisition unit) 32, a strain calculation unit (strain calculation unit) 33, and a parameter calculation unit 34.
- the calibration unit 30 obtains the measurement data of the sensor 7 when there is no load based on the load of the wind turbine blade 10 acquired by the load acquisition unit 32 and the measurement data of the sensor 7, and uses the measurement data when there is no load. Then, the measurement data of the sensor 7 is offset calibrated. Thereby, since the measurement error included in the sensor 7 itself is taken into consideration, the accuracy of calibration can be improved.
- the table 31 associates the load at the blade root portion of the wind turbine blade 10 in the absence of wind (ideal environmental conditions for calibration), the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the wind turbine blade 10, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the azimuth angle is an angle formed by a predetermined reference and the axis of the windmill blade 10 on the rotating surface of the windmill blade 10.
- the windmill blade 10 is at the top. It is based on when it is located. Therefore, the azimuth angle when the windmill blade 10 is located at the top of the windmill is 0 degrees, and the azimuth angle when it is located at the bottom is 180 degrees.
- W is the weight of the wind turbine blade 10
- l g is (a known value at the manufacturing stage) center-of-gravity position measured from the blade root portion of the wind turbine blade 10
- theta is the azimuth angle and tilt
- a function of angle, ⁇ is a function of pitch angle and tilt angle.
- the load acquisition unit 32 acquires the load at the blade root part of the windmill blade 10 corresponding to the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the windmill blade 10 when the measurement data is acquired by the sensor 7 from the table 31.
- ⁇ is measurement data by the first sensor (second sensor)
- ⁇ i measurement data at no load by the first sensor (second sensor)
- ⁇ T is measurement data by the third sensor
- p e is the strain-optical constants (809 ⁇ / nm)
- ⁇ is the temperature compensation coefficient (2.2).
- ⁇ i is an average value of the measurement data, and is obtained by the following equation (3).
- ⁇ i ( ⁇ max + ⁇ min ) / 2 (3)
- ⁇ max indicates the maximum peak value of data
- ⁇ min indicates the minimum peak value
- the strains are calculated in the sensors A1 and A3 constituting the first sensor and the sensors A2 and A4 constituting the second sensor, four strains are calculated. Further, by calculating the difference in strain obtained from each of the sensors A1 and A3 constituting the first sensor, the strain ⁇ F with respect to the flap direction of the wind turbine blade 10 (HP-LP direction in FIG. 4), and the second sensor The strain ⁇ E with respect to the edge direction of the wind turbine blade 10 (the direction of LE-TE in FIG. 4) is calculated by calculating the difference in strain in each of the sensors A2 and A4 that constitutes.
- the parameter calculation unit 34 calibrates the function parameters based on the relationship between the load of the wind turbine blade 10 acquired by the load acquisition unit 32 and the strain calculated by the strain calculation unit 33. Specifically, the load at the blade root portion of the strain epsilon F, epsilon measurement data is the source data calculated the E, acquired wind turbine blade 10 associated with the azimuth angle and the pitch angle at the timing was, strain epsilon F , ⁇ E , a new function is constructed, and the coefficient of the function included in the load calculation unit 20 is calibrated using the coefficient of the new function. At this time, one new function is created in the flap direction and one in the edge direction.
- the following equation (4) is used to convert the strain ⁇ into a moment at the sensor position.
- d is the inner diameter of the wind turbine blade 10 at the installation position of the sensor 7 (1.8 meters from the blade root)
- E is the blade material (FRP).
- Young's modulus I is the cross-sectional secondary moment at the sensor installation position
- M sensor is the bending moment (load) at the sensor installation position
- ⁇ 2L-1 and ⁇ 2L are a pair of sensors (first sensor or second sensor).
- the strains based on the measurement data, ⁇ 2L ⁇ 1,0 and ⁇ 2L, 0 are initial values of strain of the first sensor or the second sensor.
- the moment M root at the blade root portion is expressed as a linear function with the coefficients a and b as parameters and the distortion caused by a pair of sensors (first sensor or second sensor) as variables. . Therefore, when the horizontal axis represents the strain ⁇ F or ⁇ E and the vertical axis represents the moment M root for the azimuth angle and pitch angle, the graph is obtained based on this linear function. By calculating the slope a and the intercept b, the coefficients a and b can be calculated as parameters.
- the horizontal axis represents the strain ⁇ F in the flap direction and the strain ⁇ E in the edge direction of each wind turbine blade 10, and the vertical axis represents the load (moment) M root corresponding to the strain ⁇ F and the strain ⁇ E acquired from the table 31.
- the slope a and the intercept b are extracted from this graph. More specifically, a graph as shown in FIG. 9 is created, and based on such a graph, coefficients a and b in the case of the flap direction of each wind turbine blade 10, coefficients a and b in the case of the edge direction, b is calculated.
- the coefficients a and b of the flap direction and the edge direction are calculated for the windmill blade 10 # 2 and the windmill blade 10 # 3, respectively.
- the parameter calculation unit 34 calculates the coefficients a and b, it outputs them to the load calculation unit 20.
- the parameter of the function of the load calculation unit 20 is calibrated, and by using the measurement data acquired from the sensor as the function of the load calculation unit 20, the obtained moment at the blade root is calibrated. .
- the operation of the calibration unit 30 of the load measuring device will be described.
- the pitch angle is changed from 60 degrees to 109 degrees, and measurement data of the sensors A1 to A6 at this time are acquired.
- the measurement data is given to the load acquisition unit 32 of the calibration unit 30.
- the load acquisition unit 32 refers to the table 31 and reads the load at the blade root portion associated with the information on the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the measurement data measured from the sensors A1 to A6. Subsequently, for each sensor, the load acquisition unit 32 creates a graph indicating the sensor measurement data on the vertical axis and the load on the blade root on the horizontal axis (see FIG. 10). The distortion wavelength when the value of “0” is “0” is read out. This value corresponds to the measurement data of the sensor when there is no load, that is, the offset value of each sensor.
- the load acquisition unit 32 outputs the information on the load at the blade root read from the table 31 and the data of each sensor when the load is obtained together with the offset value of each sensor to the strain calculation unit 33. Thus, the offset value of each sensor is calculated
- the strain calculation unit 33 extracts strain wavelengths from the measurement data of the sensors A1 to A6, and uses the above equation (2) based on the measurement data calculated from each sensor and the measurement data at no load. Thus, a strain (self-weight moment) ⁇ at each sensor position is calculated.
- strain epsilon A1 in the sensor A1 is determined from the following (2) '.
- ⁇ A1 P e ⁇ ( ⁇ HP ⁇ HPi ) ⁇ ( ⁇ HPT ⁇ HPTi ) ⁇ (2) ′
- ⁇ HP is the strain wavelength data of the sensor A1
- ⁇ HPT is the strain wavelength data of the temperature compensation sensor A5 installed around the sensor A1
- ⁇ HPi is the offset value of the sensor A1 (none )
- HPTi is an offset value of sensor A5 (measurement data at no load).
- the strain calculation unit 33 calculates the strain ⁇ for each of the sensors A3, A2, and A4 by the same calculation process. As a result, a total of four strains ⁇ , ⁇ A1 , ⁇ A2 , ⁇ A3 , and ⁇ A4 are calculated. Distortion calculating unit 33, calculating the strain epsilon A1 ⁇ A4 for each sensor A1 ⁇ A4, and outputs the load information to the parameter calculator 34 in the blade root portion inputted from these values and the load obtaining unit 32.
- the parameter calculation unit 34 determines the distortion of the windmill blade 10 and the blade root portion of the windmill blade 10 based on the relationship between the strain ⁇ A1 to A4 for each sensor and the load information at the blade root portion input from the load acquisition unit 32. Calibrate the parameters of the function whose relationship to the load is indicated. Specifically, the relational expression between the load information at the blade root portion of the wind turbine blade 10 and the distortion of the wind turbine blade 10 is expressed as the above-described equation (5). Specifically, one relational expression is obtained for the first sensor and one for the second sensor, and two relational expressions are created for one wind turbine blade 10. For example, in the case of the first sensor, the above relational expression is expressed by the following expression (5) ′.
- M HP-LP a ( ⁇ A1 ⁇ A3 ) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 + b [Nm] (5) ′
- ⁇ A1 is the strain at the position of the sensor A1 calculated based on (2) ′
- ⁇ A3 is the strain at the position of the sensor A3 calculated based on the same calculation formula.
- the strain difference ⁇ A1 - ⁇ A3 in the flap direction (HP-LP direction in FIG. 4) of the above formula (5) ′ is represented on the horizontal axis and M HP-LP is represented on the vertical axis, as shown in FIG. A graph is obtained.
- the intercept and slope of this graph can be derived, and the coefficient a (slope) and coefficient of the above equation (5) ′ b (intercept) can be calculated.
- two combinations of coefficients a and b are calculated for the flap direction and the edge direction.
- the process from the measurement of the sensor to the calculation of the coefficients is repeatedly performed to obtain a plurality of coefficients, and an average value of these coefficients is used to obtain a function equation after calibration.
- sudden data such as noise can be removed by omitting the maximum value and the minimum value. It should be noted that the removal of non-noise data here does not affect the calculation of the average value.
- the load calculation unit 32 uses the relational expression to calculate the wind turbine blade 10 from the measurement data of each sensor. Calculate the load at the blade root. This makes it possible to calculate a highly reliable load.
- FIG. 11A shows the moment in the flap direction when there is no wind on the horizontal axis, and the moment in the flap direction when the wind speed is 8 meters on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 11B similarly compares moments in the edge direction.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are functions obtained when the coefficients a and b are obtained from the measurement data including the area A in FIG. 6, and are compared with ideal no wind data.
- the load obtained using the coefficients a and b calculated including the measurement data of the area A shows that the error is larger than the load when no wind exists.
- one calibration data file is generated by rotation of 180 degrees.
- the number of rotations of the azimuth angle is not particularly limited.
- one calibration data file is generated with a rotation of 360 degrees.
- the rotor starts to rotate by moving the pitch angle from 109 degrees to 60 degrees, or from 60 degrees to 109 degrees.
- the rotor is rotated at least once by moving the pitch angle from 109 degrees to 60 degrees, and one data file is acquired.
- by moving the pitch angle from 60 degrees to 109 degrees at least one rotation of the rotor is performed to acquire one data file.
- one calibration data file is acquired under the condition that the rotor makes one rotation. Similarly, one calibration data file is acquired when the pitch angle is moved to the feather side.
- ten calibration data files are acquired by performing the pitch angle operation as described above. Further, when such calibration data for 10 times (that is, the coefficients a and b) are calculated, the reliability of the coefficients a and b may be verified by calculating their average value.
- X is calibration data (18 measurement data at no load, 12 calibration data (data of edge direction and flap direction of each windmill blade 10) 12 points), N is a pitch angle from 109 degrees to 60 degrees The number of times of operation is shown as 109 ° (one cycle).
- m is an average value.
- the maximum and minimum data are omitted from 2N calibration data files, and 2 (N ⁇ 1) average values are obtained. Then, it is verified whether or not the average value of the calibration values a and b satisfies the following range condition. When the reference value is satisfied, the average value of the calibration data is used as the local parameter.
- the measurement data is acquired by the sensor provided in the windmill blade 10, and the strain and load of the windmill blade 10 are calculated based on the acquired data.
- the function provided in the load calculation unit 20 is calibrated by a coefficient of a new function obtained from the relationship between the strain of the wind turbine blade 10 and the load calculated based on the measurement data.
- sensor measurement data acquired in the pitch angle range of the wind turbine blade 10 in which the variation between the maximum and minimum aerodynamic torque is a predetermined value or less is used, and the influence of the aerodynamic torque is used. Since negligible measurement data is used, the accuracy of calibration can be improved. Further, the accuracy of calibration can be further improved by calculating and offsetting the distortion of the sensor itself. Furthermore, in order to acquire measurement data, measurement data acquired in a pitch angle range (for example, a pitch angle range of 60 degrees to 109 degrees) of the wind turbine blade 10 where the maximum and minimum variations in aerodynamic torque are equal to or less than a predetermined value. As long as it is not limited to the azimuth angle, a wide range of measurement data can be used for calibration.
- the load measuring device 100 since the measurement of the measurement data, the calculation of the load and strain, and the verification of the reliability of the calibration data are performed by the load measuring device 100, the time required for the calibration work can be shortened and the burden on the user is reduced. can do.
- the load measurement device is premised on processing by hardware, but is not necessarily limited to such a configuration.
- the load measuring device includes a main storage device such as a CPU and a RAM, and a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for realizing all or part of the above processing is recorded.
- the CPU reads out the program recorded in the storage medium and executes information processing / calculation processing, thereby realizing the same processing as the above-described load measuring device.
- the computer-readable recording medium means a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.
- the computer program may be distributed to the computer via a communication line, and the computer that has received the distribution may execute the program.
- the above function is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the rotational speed range of the wind turbine blade 10 is used, and sensor data acquired in the rotational speed range of the wind turbine blade where the variation between the maximum and the minimum of the aerodynamic torque due to the wind speed is a predetermined value or less. Based on this, the function may be calibrated.
- the number of the plurality of windmill blades 10 is three, but the number of the windmill blades 10 is not particularly limited.
- the load measuring apparatus 100 In the load measuring apparatus 100 according to this embodiment, six sensors are attached to one windmill blade 10, but the number of sensors is not particularly limited.
- the table 31 is calculated from the azimuth angle and the pitch angle, but is not limited to this.
- a table may be given to the calibration unit 30 in advance.
- the load measuring device of this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the azimuth angle and pitch angle data is limited to predetermined values, and the wind speed is limited to a range where the negative aerodynamic torque is small, and data is acquired. It is a point to do.
- description of points common to the first embodiment will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described.
- the sensor 7 sets the pitch angle to the minimum pitch angle and the maximum pitch angle at two points including the first azimuth angle and the second azimuth angle rotated 180 degrees from the first azimuth angle. Measure the measurement data when the pitch angle is set. More specifically, in the sensor, the wind speed is 3 meters or less, the azimuth angles of the windmill blade 10 are at 90 degrees and 270 degrees, and the pitch angles are 21 degrees and 109 at the respective azimuth angles. Measurement data is acquired when it is in the state set at the time.
- the pitch angle of the other two windmill blades 10 is set to, for example, 85 degrees and is in an idle state.
- the measurement data used for the function calculated from the parameter calculation unit 34 is a wide range of data with respect to the horizontal axis. It can be acquired. Thereby, the accuracy in calculating the coefficients a and b with a small amount of measurement data can be improved. In addition, since the parameters can be calculated with a small amount of measurement data, the time required for calibration can be shortened.
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Abstract
Description
これにより、第3のセンサによって、荷重以外の情報の計測に使用することができる。
7 センサ
20 荷重算出部
30 較正部
31 テーブル
32 荷重取得部
33 歪算出部
34 パラメータ算出部
100 荷重測定装置
図1は、本実施形態に係る荷重測定装置100を適用した風力発電装置の概略構成を示した図である。本実施形態に係る風力発電装置1は、風車ブレード10のピッチ角が可変とされている風車である。
風力発電装置1は、図1に示されるように、支柱2と、支柱2の上端に設置されるナセル3と、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にしてナセル3に設けられるロータヘッド(ハブ)4とを有している。ロータヘッド4には、その回転軸線周りに放射状に3枚の風車ブレード10が取り付けられている。これにより、ロータヘッド4の回転軸線方向から風車ブレード10に当たった風の力が、ロータヘッド4を回転軸線周りに回転させる動力に変換され、この動力が発電機によって電気エネルギーに変換されるようになっている。
また、ロータヘッド4には、上記センサ7(センシング部)における計測結果を受信する信号処理部(図示略)を備えている。
図5は、荷重測定装置100が備える機能を展開して示した機能ブロック図である。
図5に示されるように、本実施形態に係る荷重測定装置100は、荷重算出部(荷重算出手段)20と、較正部(較正手段)30とを備えている。
図6は、風車ブレード10をファイン側(ピッチ角21度)から、フェザー側(ピッチ角109度)に変化させ、風車ブレード10が停止されるまでの空力トルクの変化を風速毎(風速4m毎秒から12m毎秒)に示した図である。ピッチ角が21度や109度とは、風車ブレード10を風車ロータ3に取り付けた時に決定される翼基準線の位置を0度とした場合の風車ブレード10の角度である。ここで、ピッチ角0度とは、翼根断面上で定義される翼基準線上の角度であり、この線とロータ平面がなす角度とがピッチ角である。
なお、3つの風車ブレード10の全てに対して同様の処理を行うため、以下の説明では、1つの風車ブレード10について説明することとする。
M=9.8×W×lg×sinθ・cosβ [Nm] (1)
ε=Pe{(λ-λi)-α(λT-λTi)} (2)
λi=(λmax+λmin)/2 (3)
ただし、
このことから、横軸に歪εFまたはεEとした場合に、縦軸にそのアジマス角及びピッチ角の場合のモーメントMrootとするグラフを作成した場合に、この一次関数に基づいて得られる傾きaと切片bとを算出することにより、係数aとbとをパラメータとして算出することができる。
横軸は各風車ブレード10におけるフラップ方向の歪εFとエッジ方向の歪εEとし、縦軸はテーブル31から取得した歪εFと歪εEとに対応した荷重(モーメント)Mrootとしてグラフ化し、このグラフから傾きaと切片bとを抽出する。より具体的には、図9に示されるようなグラフが作成され、このようなグラフに基づいてそれぞれの風車ブレード10のフラップ方向の場合の係数a及びbと、エッジ方向の場合の係数a及びbを算出する。例えば、1番目の風車ブレード10#1におけるフラップ方向のパラメータとしてa=2.014×109、b=-0.448×103とする。同様にして、風車ブレード10#2、風車ブレード10#3に対してそれぞれフラップ方向とエッジ方向との係数a、およびbを算出する。
まず、本実施形態においては、ピッチ角を60度から109度まで変化させ、このときの各センサA1~A6の計測データを取得する。計測データは、較正部30の荷重取得部32に与えられる。
εA1=Pe{(λHP-λHPi)-α(λHPT-λHPTi)} (2)´
具体的には、風車ブレード10の翼根部における荷重の情報と風車ブレード10の歪との関係式は、上述した(5)式のように表される。具体的には、この関係式は、第1センサに対して一つ、第2センサに対して一つ求められ、一枚の風車ブレード10に対して2つの関係式が作成される。例えば、第1センサの場合には、上記関係式は、以下の(5)´式で表わされる。
MHP-LP=a(εA1-εA3)×10-6+b [Nm] (5)´
さらに、このような10回分の較正用のデータ(つまり、係数a及びb)が算出された場合には、これらの平均値を算出することにより、係数a及びbの信頼性を検証するとよい。
また、Xは較正用のデータ(無荷重時の計測データ18点、較正用データ(各風車ブレード10のエッジ方向とフラップ方向のデータ)12点)、Nはピッチ角を109度から60度から109°度(1周期)と動作させた回数を示す。また、mを平均値とする。なお、ここでは、2N個の較正用データファイルから最大及び最小のデータを省き、2(N-1)個の平均値を求める。そして、キャリブレーション値a、bの平均値が下記の範囲条件を満たすか否かを検証する。基準値を満たす場合、較正用データの平均値を現地パラメータとする。
1.7×109<a<2.7×109 (9)
-100kNm<b<100kNm (10)
また、センサ自身の持つ歪を算出し、オフセットすることにより、より較正の精度を向上させることができる。さらに、計測データを取得するには、空力トルクの最大と最小のばらつきが所定値以下となる風車ブレード10のピッチ角範囲(例えば、ピッチ角60度から109度の範囲)で取得された計測データであればよく、特にアジマス角に限定されることがないので、広範な計測データを、較正のために用いることができる。
ここでコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体とは、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、半導体メモリ等をいう。また、このコンピュータプログラムを通信回線によってコンピュータに配信し、この配信を受けたコンピュータが当該プログラムを実行するようにしても良い。
また、本実施形態に係る荷重測定装置100において、空力トルクの最大と最小とのばらつきが所定値以下となる風車ブレード10のピッチ角範囲で取得されたセンサの計測データに基づいて、上述の関数を較正することとしていたが、これに限定されない。例えば、ピッチ角範囲に代えて風車ブレード10の回転数の範囲とし、風速による空力トルクの最大と最小とのばらつきが所定値以下となる風車ブレードの回転数の範囲で取得されたセンサのデータに基づいて、関数を較正することとしてもよい。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態の荷重測定装置が第1の実施形態と異なる点は、アジマス角及びピッチ角の角度データを所定の値に限定し、風速を負の空力トルクが小さい範囲に限定してデータを取得する点である。以下、本実施形態の荷重測定装置について、第1の実施形態と共通する点については説明を省略し、異なる点について主に説明する。
より具体的には、センサは、風速が3メートル以下で、風車ブレード10のアジマス角は90度と270度の位置にある場合であり、かつ、それぞれのアジマス角においてピッチ角は21度と109度に設定された状態である場合に計測データを取得する。
Claims (11)
- 風車ブレードのピッチ角が可変とされている風車に適用される荷重計測装置であって、
該風車ブレードの歪を求めるためのセンサと、
該風車ブレードの歪と該風車ブレードの荷重との関係を表した関数を有し、該関数に該センサの計測データに基づく歪を用いることで、前記風車ブレードの荷重を求める荷重算出手段と、
風速による空力トルクの最大と最小とのばらつきが所定値以下となる前記風車ブレードのピッチ角範囲および回転数範囲で取得された前記センサの計測データに基づいて、該関数を較正する較正手段と
を具備する荷重計測装置。 - 前記較正手段は、前記空力トルクが所定値以下となる前記風車ブレードのピッチ角範囲および回転数範囲で取得された前記センサの計測データに基づいて、前記関数を較正する請求項1に記載の荷重計測装置。
- 前記較正手段は、
無風時における前記風車ブレードの荷重及び前記風車ブレードのピッチ角並びにアジマス角が関連付けられたテーブルと、
前記センサによって計測データが取得されたときの前記風車ブレードのピッチ角及びアジマス角に対応する風車ブレードの荷重を前記テーブルから取得する荷重取得手段と、
前記センサの計測データから前記風車ブレードの歪を算出する歪算出手段と、
前記荷重取得手段によって取得された前記風車ブレードの荷重と前記歪算出手段によって算出された歪との関係に基づいて前記関数のパラメータを較正するパラメータ算出手段と
を具備する請求項1または請求項2に記載の荷重計測装置。 - 前記較正手段は、
前記荷重取得手段によって取得された風車ブレードの荷重と、前記センサの計測データとに基づいて、無荷重時における前記センサの計測データを求め、この無荷重時における計測データを用いて前記センサの計測データをオフセット較正する請求項3に記載の荷重計測装置。 - 前記センサは、
前記風車ブレードを挟んで対向する位置に設けられた一対の第1センサと、
該第1センサと異なる位置であって、該風車ブレードを挟んで対向する位置に設けられた一対の第2センサと
を具備する請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の荷重計測装置。 - 前記センサは、
前記風車ブレードを挟んで対向する位置であって、前記第1センサ及び前記第2センサと異なる位置であって、かつ、前記第1センサまたは前記第2センサのどちらかと平行する位置に設けられた一対の第3センサと
を具備する請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の荷重計測装置。 - 風車ブレードのピッチ角が可変とされている風車に適用される荷重計測装置であって、
該風車ブレードの歪を求めるためのセンサと、
該風車ブレードの歪と該風車ブレードの荷重との関係を表した関数を有し、該関数に該センサの計測データに基づく歪を用いることで、前記風車ブレードの荷重を求める荷重算出手段と、
風速が3メートル以下である場合に、第1のアジマス角及び該第1のアジマス角から180度回転させた第2のアジマス角からなる2地点において、ピッチ角を最小ピッチ角と最大ピッチ角とに設定したときの各前記センサの計測データに基づいて、該関数を較正する較正手段と
を具備する荷重計測装置。 - 風車ブレードのピッチ角が可変とされている風車に適用される荷重計測方法であって、
該風車ブレードの歪を求め、
該風車ブレードの歪と該風車ブレードの荷重との関係を表した関数を有し、該関数に該センサの計測データに基づく歪を用いることで、前記風車ブレードの荷重を求め、
風速による空力トルクの最大と最小とのばらつきが所定値以下となる前記風車ブレードのピッチ角範囲および回転数範囲で取得された前記センサの計測データに基づいて、該関数を較正する
荷重計測方法。 - 風車ブレードのピッチ角が可変とされている風車に適用される荷重計測プログラムであって、
該風車ブレードの歪と該風車ブレードの荷重との関係を表した関数を有し、該関数に該センサの計測データに基づく歪を用いることで、前記風車ブレードの荷重を求める第1処理と、
風速による空力トルクの最大と最小とのばらつきが所定値以下となる前記風車ブレードのピッチ角範囲および回転数範囲で取得された前記センサの計測データに基づいて、該関数を較正する第2処理と
をコンピュータに実行させるための荷重計測プログラム。 - 風車ブレードのピッチ角が可変とされている風車に適用される荷重計測方法であって、
該風車ブレードの歪と該風車ブレードの荷重との関係を表した関数を有し、該関数に該センサの計測データに基づく歪を用いることで、前記風車ブレードの荷重を求め、
風速が3メートル以下である場合に、第1のアジマス角及び該第1のアジマス角から180度回転させた第2のアジマス角からなる2地点において、ピッチ角を最小ピッチ角と最大ピッチ角とに設定したときの各前記センサの計測データに基づいて、該関数を較正する
荷重計測方法。 - 風車ブレードのピッチ角が可変とされている風車に適用される荷重計測プログラムであって、
該風車ブレードの歪と該風車ブレードの荷重との関係を表した関数を有し、該関数に該センサの計測データに基づく歪を用いることで、前記風車ブレードの荷重を求める第1処理と、
風速が3メートル以下である場合に、第1のアジマス角及び該第1のアジマス角から180度回転させた第2のアジマス角からなる2地点において、ピッチ角を最小ピッチ角と最大ピッチ角とに設定したときの各前記センサの計測データに基づいて、該関数を較正する第2処理と
をコンピュータに実行させる荷重計測プログラム。
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EP2431607A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
CA2714852C (en) | 2013-09-24 |
CN102439301B (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
JP4959814B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
US8255173B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 |
KR101227327B1 (ko) | 2013-01-28 |
EP2431607A4 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
JPWO2010122658A1 (ja) | 2012-10-22 |
CN102439301A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
KR20110009083A (ko) | 2011-01-27 |
CA2714852A1 (en) | 2010-10-24 |
BRPI0909359A2 (pt) | 2015-09-29 |
EP2431607B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
US20120035865A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
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