WO2010122296A1 - A method of blending fuel - Google Patents
A method of blending fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010122296A1 WO2010122296A1 PCT/GB2010/000793 GB2010000793W WO2010122296A1 WO 2010122296 A1 WO2010122296 A1 WO 2010122296A1 GB 2010000793 W GB2010000793 W GB 2010000793W WO 2010122296 A1 WO2010122296 A1 WO 2010122296A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- component
- blended
- volume
- ethanol
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fuels, their use in internal combustion engines in vehicles and their production. Specifically, the present invention relates to blended fuels, particularly including methanol with stoichiometric air-fuel ratios similar to that of E85.
- Ethanol-based fuels are usually denoted by the letter "E” followed by the proportion by volume of ethanol, expressed as a percentage.
- E Ethanol-based fuels
- a common blend is E85; a mixture of 85% ethanol by volume with 15% gasoline by volume.
- These two-component blended fuels may contain other additives, but these additives are not fuel components, do not have significant volume and do not significantly affect the proportions of the major fuel components, ethanol and gasoline, which together can be considered the only significant fuel components.
- component (s) refers exclusively to a fuel component (s) .
- Gasoline fuel (sometimes called petrol) is itself a blend of hydrocarbons, typically aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with iso- octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene.
- gasoline is used throughout this specification to refer to fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine running spark-injection (“SI” ) combustion or Homogenous Charge Ignition Combustion (“HCCI”) which is composed of hydrocarbons (typically between 4 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule) and is substantially free of oxygenated components, e.g. alcohols and ethanols, (less than 5% oxygen content) and which has a stoichiometric Air-fuel ratio in the range 14:1 to 15:1.
- the fuel has a Research Octane Number (RON) of 86 to 105.
- gasoline is used to include fuels such as those defined by British Standard BS/EN228 and/or American Standard ASTM-D-4814.
- ethanol-based blended fuels is more environmentally friendly than simply using more gasoline, since the ethanol is typically produced from biomass. Furthermore, the use of ethanol reduces a country's dependence upon imports of foreign petroleum. However, the supply of ethanol from biomass is limited.
- Figure 1 shows a graph showing the relative proportions of ethanol , gasoline and methanol in a blended fuel equivalent to E85;
- Figure 2 shows a graph showing the relative proportions of methanol, gasoline and ethanol in a blended fuel equivalent to M85.
- Preferred embodiments of three-component blended fuels in accordance with the invention can have the same properties as known two-component blended fuels, to thereby provide good performance in internal combustion engines of motor vehicles that have been designed to run on known two- component blended fuels. Importantly they can be used by existing internal combustion engine with no structural modifications of such engines, and preferably without any need for the engine management system to run a different operating regime for the new fuels (i.e. there is no need to ass to the memory of the engine management system new operating regime maps for the new fuels) .
- the most preferable property of the fuel to be the same as the fuel on which the engine was designed to run is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This is the ratio (conventionally, and hereinafter, represented as a ratio by mass) of air to fuel which will theoretically provide complete combustion of the fuel.
- internal combustion engines that are configured to run on alcohol-based fuels comprise an alcohol sensor for determining the ratio of alcohol to gasoline in the fuel it may be advantageous to provide a blended fuel that provides substantially the same response when measured by an alcohol sensor as the fuel on which the engine was designed to run.
- a response may be, for example, that the resistance across the sensor changes as a result of varying proportions of ethanol in the fuel.
- the resistance will be the same for the three-component blended fuel as for the fuel on which the engine was designed to run.
- the engine management system will use this measurement to determine the volume of fuel to be delivered in each engine cycle.
- a blended fuel that provides the same lower heating value (e.g. volumetric or gravimetric) as the fuel on which the engine was designed to run.
- a blended-fuel having an equivalent stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (AFR) as E85.
- AFR equivalent stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
- the stoichiometric AFR of ethanol is approximately 8.96:1.
- the stoichiometric AFR of gasoline is approximately 14.53:1.
- a blend of 85% ethanol with 15% gasoline has a stoichiometric AFR of 9.74:1.
- Any ethanol -gasoline blended fuel will have a stoichiometric AFR lying between the upper and lower bound defined by the stoichiometric AFRs of gasoline and ethanol, respectively. If a larger proportion of gasoline is used, then the stoichiometric AFR will increase. This is because gasoline has a larger stoichiometric AFR than ethanol . Clearly, the maximum stoichiometric AFR achievable with these two components is 14.53:1, which is achieved by 0% ethanol and 100% gasoline.
- methanol is blended with ethanol and gasoline to provide a fuel having 65% ethanol by volume and a stoichiometric AFR of 9.74:1 (i.e., the same stoichiometric AFR as E85) .
- the stoichiometric AFR of methanol is approximately 6.44:1.
- the blend of 65% ethanol with gasoline and methanol that provides a stoichiometric AFR of 9.74:1 is approximately: 65% ethanol; 21.5% gasoline; and 13.5% methanol.
- a fuel with less ethanol can therefore be produced without significantly increasing the reliance upon fossil fuels.
- methanol can be synthesised from hydrogen and atmospheric carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide or made from wood waste (although less advantageously, the methanol could be made from coal or natural gas) .
- a blended fuel with increased methanol will offer better performance than E85 when starting the internal combustion engine in low temperature conditions.
- E85 blend is offered in summer conditions
- a winter blend of E70 is offered in colder conditions.
- a blend with methanol could remove the need for providing a more gasoline rich blend of ethanol-based fuel (i.e. the winter-grade E70 blend) in cold conditions.
- a blended fuel having an equivalent stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (AFR) as E85.
- LHV Lower Heating Valve (also known as calorific value) and is defined as the amount of heat released by combusting a specified quantity (mass or volume) in controlled temperature conditions.
- Figure 1 shows a graph of proportion by volume of ethanol against corresponding proportions of gasoline (denoted by triangles) and methanol (denoted by circles) . (That is, the X-axis represents the proportion of ethanol and the Y-axis represents the proportion of both gasoline and methanol) .
- the lines are provided by the following equations:
- V gas 42.641 - 0.3255 x V eth (Equation 1)
- Vm eth 57.359 - 0.6745 x V et h (Equation 2)
- V eth/ V gag and V met h are, respectively, the proportions of ethanol, gasoline, and methanol by volume that provide the stoichiometric AFR of E85.
- the method of the second embodiment comprises blending a desired proportion of ethanol with a first proportion of gasoline and a second proportion of methanol such that the resulting blended fuel has the same stoichiometric AFR as E85.
- the blend of ethanol, gasoline and methanol that provides the same stoichiometric AFR as E85 would be approximately: 50% ethanol; 26.4% gasoline; and 23.6% methanol.
- Equation 1 The desired proportion is entered as V eth into Equation 1 to determine the first proportion, and into Equation 2 to determine the second proportion.
- methanol as a third fuel component does not adversely effect the operation of the engine, since the variation in ethanol sensor measurements to fuel also including methanol is only small.
- the amount of ethanol by volume in the fuel would be in the range of 40% to 85%. Over this range, the variation in output level from a typical ethanol sensor will vary by no more than 3.5%
- volumetric lower heating value (LHV) of the blend remains substantially unchanged over the range of 0% to 85% ethanol by volume as compared with E85. This change is less than 1%, which is smaller than the variation caused by different sources of gasoline. As such, it is not necessary to modify the operating regime employed by or the parameters of the engine management system to command the fuel injector to deliver a different amount of fuel. This result has also been found to be the case for other standard vehicle engine alcohol sensors when other three-component blended fuels replace two-component blended fuels (e.g. replacing M85 with a blend of ethanol, methanol and gasoline) .
- the engine management system can be modified to compensate for the new fuel by using the following equation:
- volumetric LHV 22.496 + (0.0025 x V eth ) " (Equation 3) where Volumetric LHV is measured in MJ/1, and V et h is the proportion of ethanol by volume.
- Equation 3 is derived from a line of best-fit through empirical data obtained from measuring the volumetric lower heating value of a number of blended fuels having proportions of ethanol, gasoline, and methanol, related by equations 1 and 2. Since, as disclosed above, the variation of LHV is so small, any modification of the volume of fuel to be delivered will lie within the operating range of the fuel injector.
- a blended fuel with low ethanol content that has substantially the same stoichiometric AFR as a different ethanol-gasoline based fuel (i.e. a fuel having substantially only ethanol and gasoline as components), such as E65 or E50.
- any ethanol-gasoline based fuel having a significant proportion of ethanol may be replaced by one having less ethanol but the same stoichiometric AFR, by blending different amounts of ethanol, gasoline and methanol .
- any component having a lower stoichiometric AFR than the. ethanol-based fuel to be replaced may be blended with ethanol and gasoline to thereby provide a blended fuel with a suitable stoichiometric AFR.
- a component would belong to at least one of the following groups: pure hydrocarbons; alcohols; ethers; or furans .
- gasoline may be replaced with any component having a higher stoichiometric AFR than the ethanol-based fuel to be replaced.
- blended fuels may be developed with any first, second and third components to provide a blended fuel having the same stoichiometric AFR as any fuel to be replaced, provided that two of the components have a higher and lower stoichiometric AFR, respectively, than the fuel to be replaced (i.e., the target stoichiometric AFR) .
- a three-component fuel can be provided having the first component and the second component and a third component.
- the three-component fuel can have a smaller proportion of the first component than the two-component fuel whilst having the same stoichiometric AFR, provided that the second and third components have a stoichiometric AFR greater than and lower than the stoichiometric AFR of the two-component blended fuel (or vice versa) .
- a method of producing a three-component blended fuel for an internal combustion engine that has been configured to run on a two-component blended fuel formed from methanol and gasoline.
- the two-component fuel is M85.
- the skilled person will appreciate that the following describes a technique which may be applied to any methanol-gasoline blend (and furthermore, as described above, any two- component blended fuel) .
- the three-component fuel is chosen to have the same stoichiometric AFR as the two- component fuel.
- a three- component blended fuel in which a different property (such as volumetric LHV or the signal produced by an ethanol or methanol sensor) of the fuel is the same as for the two- component blended fuels.
- Figure 2 shows a graph of proportion by volume of gasoline against corresponding proportions of methanol (denoted by triangles) and ethanol (denoted by circles). (That is, the X-axis represents the proportion of gasoline and the Y-axis represents the proportion of methanol or ethanol) .
- V meth 54.687 + 2.026 x V gas (Equation 4)
- V eth 45.313 - 3.026 x V gas (Equation 5)
- V gag and V meth are, respectively, the proportions of ethanol, gasoline, and methanol by volume that provide the stoichiometric AFR of M85.
- the method of the third embodiment comprises blending a desired proportion of gasoline with a first proportion of methanol and a second proportion of ethanol such that the resulting blended fuel has the same stoichiometric AFR as M85.
- the desired proportion is entered as V gas into Equation 4 to determine the first proportion, and into Equation 5 to determine the second proportion.
- the proportion of gasoline can be reduced from the level present in M85 (i.e., 15%) by the addition of an ethanol component, whilst maintaining a constant stoichiometric AFR.
- ethanol has a lower stoichiometric AFR than gasoline and a higher stoichiometric AFR than methanol.
- V gas 14.976 - 0.3305 x V et h (Equation 6)
- Vm et h 85.024 - 0.6695 x V et h (Equation 7) to thereby provide the appropriate proportions of gasoline and methanol for a desired proportion of ethanol.
- the disclosed fuel blends have been described as providing the same stoichiometric AFR by mass (this is the most preferable property of the blended fuel to control) as the fuel to be replaced, it is also possible to provide a fuel blend having a different equivalent parameter.
- the fuel blend may produce the same reading on an ethanol sensor as the fuel to be replaced.
- the fuel blend may have the same LHV (volumetric or gravimetric) as the fuel to be replaced.
- LHV volumemetric or gravimetric
- the invention is applicable to a fuel having more than three components and a desired value of stoichiometric AFR or another property.
- the existing fuel might, for instance, be a three component fuel, and the new comparable fuel produced by the method a four component fuel.
- the invention can provide starting with an existing three component fuel (e.g. gasoline, ethanol and methanol) and it is possible to use the above methods to obtain a blended fuel with more than three components because collectively, the first component and the additional components in excess of three can be thought of as a single component .
- an existing three component fuel e.g. gasoline, ethanol and methanol
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/265,524 US20120079761A1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | Method of blending fuel |
CN201080017628.2A CN102414299B (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | A method of blending fuel |
CA2759429A CA2759429A1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | A method of blending fuel |
EP10715322A EP2421939A1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | A method of blending fuel |
BRPI1015401A BRPI1015401A2 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | methods for producing a first fuel, and for producing a mixed fuel |
RU2011147068/04A RU2011147068A (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | FUEL MIXING METHOD |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0906860.2A GB0906860D0 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | A method of blending fuel |
GB0906860.2 | 2009-04-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2010122296A1 true WO2010122296A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
Family
ID=40774743
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2010/000793 WO2010122296A1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | A method of blending fuel |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20120079761A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2421939A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102414299B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1015401A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2759429A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0906860D0 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2011147068A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010122296A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105670714A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-06-15 | 刘涛 | Coal-based alcohol ether gasoline and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101177635A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-14 | 新疆协力新能源有限责任公司 | Vehicle methanol ethanol fuel and method for producing the same |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6258987B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-07-10 | Bp Amoco Corporation | Preparation of alcohol-containing gasoline |
-
2009
- 2009-04-21 GB GBGB0906860.2A patent/GB0906860D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-04-21 CN CN201080017628.2A patent/CN102414299B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-04-21 EP EP10715322A patent/EP2421939A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-21 WO PCT/GB2010/000793 patent/WO2010122296A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-21 BR BRPI1015401A patent/BRPI1015401A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-04-21 RU RU2011147068/04A patent/RU2011147068A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-04-21 US US13/265,524 patent/US20120079761A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-21 CA CA2759429A patent/CA2759429A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101177635A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-14 | 新疆协力新能源有限责任公司 | Vehicle methanol ethanol fuel and method for producing the same |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
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"Excerpt ED - Asif Faiz; Christopher S Weaver; Michael P Walsh", 1 January 1996, AIR POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES. STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROLLING EMISSIONS, THE WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON D.C, US, PAGE(S) 204 - 207, ISBN: 978-0-8213-3444-7, XP009136226 * |
"Extending the reach of bioethanol through invisibleblends of methanol, ethanol, and gasoline", PROACTIVE THE OFFICALE-MAGAZINE OF LOTUS ENGINEERING, November 2009 (2009-11-01), XP002592283, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.lotusdriversguide.com/Proactive/proactive35_11_12_2009.pdf> [retrieved on 20100716] * |
BATA REDA M ET AL: "Effects of ethanol and/or methanol in alcohol-gasoline blends on exhaust emissions", AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. PAPER, ASME INTERNATIONAL, 1 January 1988 (1988-01-01), pages ICE7,9PP, XP009136255, ISSN: 0402-1215 * |
CHRISTOPHER S WEAVER; MICHAEL P WALSH: "AIR POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES. STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROLLING EMISSIONS", 1 January 1996, THE WORLD BANK, article "Excerpt ED - Asif Faiz", pages: 204 - 207 |
DATABASE WPI Week 200852, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2008-J08582, XP002592282 * |
QI D H ET AL: "Properties, performance, and emissions of methanol-gasoline blends in a spark ignition engine", INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. PROCEEDINGS, PART D: JOURNALOF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING, PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS PUBLISHING, BURY ST. EDMUNDS, GB LNKD- DOI:10.1243/095440705X6659, vol. 219, no. 3, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), pages 405 - 412, XP009136208, ISSN: 0954-4070 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102414299B (en) | 2014-10-22 |
US20120079761A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
CA2759429A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
EP2421939A1 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
RU2011147068A (en) | 2013-05-27 |
BRPI1015401A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
GB0906860D0 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
CN102414299A (en) | 2012-04-11 |
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