WO2010121425A1

WO2010121425A1 - Calibration method and active antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2010121425A1
Application number: PCT/CN2009/071412
Authority: WO
Inventors: 何平华; 吴剑锋; 常艳
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2009-04-22
Filing date: 2009-04-22
Publication date: 2010-10-28
Also published as: CN102326293A; EP2270923A1; CN102326293B; EP2270923A4; EP2270923B1; ES2415131T3

Abstract

A calibration method and an active antenna are provided in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein, the active antenna includes: K antenna resonator arrays, the 1st to the Kth transceiver unit array corresponding to the antenna resonator arrays; the 1st to the Kth calibrator, which are used for obtaining P character difference values between P calibration signals after passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna and original calibration signal; a character difference calculation unit, which is used for calculating the character difference values of receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit with respect to reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel respectively; and baseband processing modules, which are used for performing character compensation on operation signals of the transceiver units in digital domain. With the embodiments of the present invention, character differences among all the transceivers can be calculated out when the transceiver arrays are disposed on multiple single boards respectively, so that a comparatively accurate calibration can be performed on the transceiver arrays when the transceiver arrays are disposed on multiple single boards.

Description

Calibration method and active antenna

The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a calibration method and an active antenna. Background technique

With the advancement of technology, transceivers are moving toward integration and low cost, which creates conditions for the application of Digital Beam-forming (DBF), as long as each transceiver is equipped with a transceiver. Digital beamforming can be implemented, thus forming a transceiver array, a product of this form, commonly referred to as an active antenna.

In order to reduce the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the above transceiver array and simplify the interconnection, it is necessary to increase the integration degree, that is, to lay out as many transceiver units as possible on a PCB (ie, a single board) whose area has been determined. However, since the size of the PCB is limited by the manufacturing process, for example, a conventional SMT (surface mount) device, the maximum allowable PCB length is about 550 mm, and the vibrator units constituting the active antenna are linearly arranged with a pitch of about At a wavelength of 0.8-0.9 times. Each transducer unit is connected to a transceiver, so that the transceiver array needs to be arranged on two or more boards at the same spacing, such as eight transceiver arrays of 18dBi active antennas in the 2GHz band. Evenly distributed in the range of 900-1000mm in a straight line, it should be placed on two identical PCBs. Moreover, since the characteristics of each transceiver unit (e.g., amplitude, phase, delay) are highly dispersed, in order to achieve DBF, the transceiver array must be calibrated.

In view of the above situation, there is an urgent need in the industry for a transceiver that is arranged on a transceiver board to be arranged on different boards (ie, multiple PCBs) to implement communication between transceivers on different boards. The solution for calibration. Summary of the invention Embodiments of the present invention provide a calibration method and an active antenna to perform calibration on transceivers disposed on different boards. An embodiment of the present invention provides an active antenna, including K antenna element arrays, and further includes: first to Kth transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the antenna element array, respectively corresponding to the first to the κ On the board, each transceiver unit array includes multiple transceiver units, each transceiver unit including one receiving channel and/or one transmitting channel and corresponding baseband processing module; first to κ multiplexers , which are respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards, and transmit the calibration signal to the first to the κ multiplexers except the multiplexer through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer. a first to a Kth calibrator respectively disposed on the first to the κ boards for obtaining P calibration signals and original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna P feature difference values, wherein the value of P is the number of all transceiver units of the first to the κ transceiver unit arrays; the feature difference calculation unit is configured to be based on the passing of the active antenna Calibration signal for each calibration loop Correlating the characteristic difference value between the original calibration signals with the characteristics of each calibration loop, and the P characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, calculating the active antenna a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit with respect to a reference receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel, respectively; said baseband processing module for receiving channels according to corresponding transceiver units and/or Or characteristic difference value of the transmitting channel, performing feature compensation on the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain; wherein: K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

The present invention also provides a calibration method for applying the first to Kth transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the first to Kth boards, the corresponding first to Kth multiplexers, and corresponding sections 1 to the active antenna of the Kth calibrator, K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising: obtaining, by the first to the Kth calibrators, all of the first to the Kth boards through the active antenna P characteristic difference values between the P calibration signals after the calibration loop and the original calibration signal, wherein the value of P is the number of all transceiver units of the first to the κ transceiver unit arrays; Correlation between a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna and a characteristic of each calibration loop, and each school of the active antenna Calculating a characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel respectively according to P characteristic difference values obtained by the device; The characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit performs feature compensation on the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain.

In the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, P eigenvalues between P calibration signals and original calibration signals after all calibration loops of the active antenna are obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna And an association between a characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and a characteristic of each calibration loop, and each of the active antennas P characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrators, and calculating characteristic difference values of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, respectively; Feature compensation of the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain by each baseband processing module of the active antenna according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit To achieve a more accurate calibration of the transceiver arrays arranged on different boards.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are provided to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. In the drawing:

1 is a structural block diagram of an active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive link connecting two boards according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of another active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of still another active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a peripheral of a combiner when an array of transceivers is arranged on three boards in an active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

Figure 6 is a flow chart showing a calibration method of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a flow chart showing another calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a flow chart showing still another calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention. detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are intended to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention.

Embodiments of the present invention provide an active antenna and a method of calibrating a transceiver array to achieve a more accurate calibration between transceivers disposed on different boards. It should be noted that the calibration of the embodiment of the present invention focuses on the three characteristics of amplitude, phase, and delay of the transceiver, and uses a uniform feature variable to represent the three features. Moreover, for convenience of description, the transceiver channel (referred to as TR channel) is used to represent one receiving channel and/or one transmitting channel in the drawing;

An embodiment of the present invention provides an active antenna, including K antenna element arrays, and further includes: first to Kth transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the antenna element array, which are respectively disposed at the first to the Kth Each transceiver unit array includes a plurality of transceiver units, each transceiver unit including a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel and a corresponding baseband processing module;

The first to Kth multiplexers are respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards, and the calibration signals are transmitted to the first to Kth multiplexers through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer. Other multiplexers other than the multiplexer;

First to Kth calibrators respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards for obtaining P between the P calibration signals and the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna Feature difference value, where P is the number of all transceiver units of the first to Kth transceiver unit array; it should be noted that the calibrator and multiplexer passed by the calibration signal transmission The coupler, the TR channel, and the baseband processing module form a calibration loop. a feature difference calculation unit, configured to associate a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna with a feature of each calibration loop, and P characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna are calculated, and the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna are respectively calculated relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel Characteristic difference value;

The baseband processing module is configured to perform feature compensation on a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit; wherein: K is greater than A positive integer equal to 2.

Further, in an implementation, the feature difference calculation unit is a first feature difference calculation unit, configured to use the matrix operation of the array according to the P-dimensional one-dimensional array corresponding to the calibration loop that the calibration signal passes. The feature difference values of the receive and/or transmit channels of each transceiver unit on the board relative to the reference receive and/or transmit channels, respectively, wherein the one-dimensional array represents the passage of signals in the corresponding calibration loop The characteristic difference value of each component, the calibration signal passing through the calibration loop, and the original calibration signal.

In an implementation, if the transceivers arranged on different boards are received and calibrated, each calibrator in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically configured to issue an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving The calibration signal is divided into multiple paths by the active antenna in the multiplexer of the board, respectively entering the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the board; and the original receiving calibration signal is passed through the multiplexer The electromagnetic connection between the multiplexers is transmitted to other multiplexers other than the multiplexer of the K multiplexers, and is divided into multiplexes by each of the other multiplexers, respectively, into the active antennas in each of the other Receiving calibration loops for the boards; and for receiving the first to the first through the active antennas

All of the K boards receive the calibration signals after receiving the calibration loop, and compare the P characteristic difference values between the P received calibration signals and the original received calibration signals.

In one implementation, if the transceiver is arranged to be calibrated and arranged on different boards, the baseband processing module in the active antenna is further configured to send the original transmission at a predetermined delay interval. Shooting a calibration signal, the original transmission calibration signal entering a corresponding transmission channel according to a signal transmission direction;

Each calibrator in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically configured to receive, by using a corresponding multiplexer, an I-channel calibration calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the active antenna on the board, The value is the number of all transmit channels of the active antenna on the board, and the (PI) transmit calibration signals transmitted through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer, and compare the received ones. The feature difference between the P transmit calibration signals and the original transmit calibration signal sent by the corresponding baseband processing module is obtained, and P feature difference values are obtained.

In the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the multiplexer includes a switch matrix, a power split combiner, a duplexer, or any combination of the above.

In one implementation, if the calibrator has a master-slave, the feature difference calculation unit and one of the calibrators may be integrated into an integrated master calibrator; or, in another implementation, the feature difference calculation The unit and one of the baseband processing modules can be integrated into an integrated module.

It can be seen that in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, each transceiver unit array corresponds to a calibrator, and each transceiver unit array is not only calibrated by a corresponding calibrator on the same board, but also Other calibrator calibrations set on other boards, that is, the calibration signals are transmitted to the transceiver unit arrays and calibrators on other boards through electromagnetic connections between multiplexers and multiplexers on different boards. Obtaining, by each calibrator of the active antenna, P characteristic difference values between P calibration signals and original calibration signals after all calibration loops of the active antenna; and Correlating the relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna and the characteristics of each calibration loop, and the obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna P feature difference values, calculating a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna with respect to a reference receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel, respectively Wherein the difference value; and, through each of the active antenna baseband processing module according to channel characteristics corresponding to the receiving channel transceiver unit and / or the difference between the transmit channel Different values, feature compensation of the service signals of the transceiver unit in the digital domain, thereby achieving relatively accurate calibration of the transceiver arrays arranged on different boards. Example 1:

1 is a schematic block diagram of an active antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In this embodiment, a transceiver array is arranged on two boards as an example for detailed description. The active antenna includes two An array of antenna elements, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna element arrays) disposed on the first board (ie, the board 1 in the figure), a multiplexer D1 and a calibrator El, and a second The transceiver unit array (corresponding to the other antenna element array) on the board (ie, the board 2 in the figure), the multiplexer D2 and the calibrator E2, the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 have digital signal connections, The multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2 have radio frequency signal connections, and the transceiver unit array of the first board includes an M-channel transceiver unit (ie, the transceiver channels B11 to B1M in FIG. 1), and the second board transmits and receives The signal unit array includes N transceiver units (ie, transceiver channels B21 to B2N in FIG. 1), and each transceiver unit includes one transceiver channel (one receiving channel and/or one transmitting channel) and a corresponding base. With processing module, M≥2, N≥2, where:

The calibrator D1 is configured to obtain M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N calibration signals and all the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna are obtained;

The calibrator D2 is configured to obtain M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N calibration signals and all the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna;

a feature difference calculation unit, configured to associate a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna with a feature of each calibration loop, and The M+N characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna are calculated, and the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna are respectively calculated relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting The feature difference value of the channel; in the first embodiment, the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator E1 (may also be integrated with the calibrator E2). It should be noted that each calibration loop includes at least one receiving channel or one transmitting channel. In other words, one receiving channel or one transmitting channel corresponds to one calibration loop.

a baseband processing module (A11-A1M, A21-A2N) for characterizing a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of a corresponding transceiver unit make up.

It should be noted that the functions of the transceiver channels B11 to 1M and the transceiver channels B21 to 2N shown in FIG. 1 are the same as those of the prior art, and the functions and functions of the couplers C11-C1M and C21-C2N are the same as those in the prior art. Narration. If the receiver arrays distributed on the first board and the second board are received and calibrated, the calibrator D1 is specifically configured to issue an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into M by the multiplexer D1. a path, respectively entering the active antenna to receive a calibration loop on the M path of the first board; and the original received calibration signal is transmitted to the multiplexer D2 through a radio frequency signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2 Dividing into N paths through the multiplexer D2, respectively entering the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board, and receiving the receiving calibration loop on the first board through the active antenna M receiving calibration signals after the road, and N receiving calibrations passed through the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, after the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board And comparing the M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N receiving calibration signals and the original receiving calibration signals sent by the calibrator E1, M≥2, N≥2; wherein the value of M is Active antenna in the first The number of all receiving channels of a single board, and the value of N is the number of all receiving channels of the active antenna on the second board;

It should be noted that the active antenna in the M-channel receiving calibration loop of the first board refers to the calibrator E1, the multiplexer D1, the M-channel receiving channel, and the corresponding one on the first board. The M-channel receiving calibration module formed by the M baseband processing modules; the active antenna in the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the second board refers to the calibrator El, the multiplexer on the first board. Dl, second The N-channel receiving calibration loop formed by the multiplexer D2, the N-channel receiving channel, the corresponding N baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E2 on the board.

The calibrator E2 is specifically configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into N paths through the multiplexer D2, and respectively enters the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board; The original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the multiplexer D1 through the radio frequency signal connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1, and is divided into M paths by the multiplexer D1, and respectively enters the active antenna on the first board. The M path receives the calibration loop, and the N received calibration signals after receiving the receive calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board, and the digital signal passing between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 M receiving the calibration signals transmitted by the active antenna after receiving the calibration loop of the first board, and comparing the M+N receiving calibration signals with the original receiving calibration issued by the calibrator E2 M+N characteristic difference values between signals.

It should be noted that the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna in the second board refers to the calibrator E2, the multiplexer D2, the N-channel receiving channel, and the corresponding one on the second board. The N-channel receiving calibration loop formed by the N baseband processing modules; the M-channel calibration loop of the active antenna in the first board refers to the calibrator E2 and the multiplexer D2 on the second board. The M-channel receiving calibration loop formed by the multiplexer D1, the M-channel receiving channel, the corresponding M baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E1 on the first board.

a feature difference calculation unit, specifically configured to: according to an equivalent relationship between a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each receiving calibration loop passing through the active antenna, and a feature of each receiving calibration loop, The M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1 and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 are calculated, and each transceiver of the active antenna on the first board and the second board is calculated. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator E1 in an integral manner of the difference between the receiving channel of the machine unit and the reference receiving channel;

Specifically, according to M+N one-dimensional arrays obtained by the calibrator E1, and M+N one-dimensional arrays obtained by the calibrator E2, matrix operations of the arrays are used to obtain each transceiver unit of the active antenna. Receiving channel and/or transmitting channel relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, respectively Characteristic difference value; It should be noted that after the calibration signal completes a calibration loop, a one-dimensional array can be obtained. In the embodiment of the present invention, the calibration signal sent by the calibrator m respectively completes M+N calibration loops. , M+N one-dimensional arrays can be obtained; the calibration signal sent by the calibrator E2 goes through M+N calibration loops respectively, and M+N one-dimensional arrays can be obtained; multiple one-dimensional arrays form a two-dimensional array After the matrix operation, the characteristic difference value of each receiving channel relative to a certain receiving channel (the reference receiving channel, such as the receiving channel in the transmitting and receiving channel 11) is obtained.

Each of the baseband processing modules (Al1-A1M, A21-A2N) is specifically configured to perform a feature on the received service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. Compensation, so that the received service signals can be coherently accumulated;

Specifically, the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel of each of the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board relative to the reference receiving channel is provided in the baseband processing module of the M+N path. The receiving DBF module respectively invokes, including: performing post-compensation of signal characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) in the digital domain for each received reception signal after demodulation, to offset the receiving channel of each transceiver unit. The difference of characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) makes the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) of the baseband signals of all receiving channels equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals. The required antenna receiving pattern is formed to achieve the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna.

It should be noted that, if the receiving and calibrating of the transceiver arrays distributed on the first board and the second board is implemented, in another implementation, the calibrator E1 is specifically configured to issue an original receiving calibration signal, The original receiving calibration signal is divided into M paths by the multiplexer D1, respectively entering the active antenna to receive a calibration loop on the M path of the first board; and the original receiving calibration signal is passed through the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer The RF signal connection between D2 is transmitted to the multiplexer D2, divided into N paths by the multiplexer D2, and respectively enters the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna in the second board, and obtains the active through the The characteristics of the M calibration signals after the antenna receives the calibration loop of the first board and the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, and the receiving of the active antenna on the second board The characteristics of the N calibration signals after calibrating the loop, and compare M+N characteristic difference values between the characteristics of the M+N received calibration signals and the characteristics of the original received calibration signals issued;

The calibrator E2 is specifically configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into N paths through the multiplexer D2, and respectively enters the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board; The original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the multiplexer D1 through the radio frequency signal connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1, and is divided into M paths by the multiplexer D1, and respectively enters the active antenna on the first board. The M path receives the calibration loop, and obtains the characteristics of the N received calibration signals after the receiving loop of the active antenna on the second board and transmits the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2. And passing the characteristics of the M receiving calibration signals after the receiving antenna of the first board receives the calibration loop, and comparing the characteristics of the M+N receiving calibration signals with the characteristics of the original receiving calibration signal M+N feature difference values between. If the transceiver arrays distributed on the first board and the second board are calibrated, the M-base processing module (Al l to AIM) is further used to sequentially issue M-channel original emission calibrations at predetermined delay intervals. a signal, the original transmission calibration signal flows into a corresponding transmission channel according to a signal transmission direction (ie, an original transmission calibration signal flows into a transmission calibration loop);

The N-baseband processing module (A21 to A2N) is further configured to sequentially issue N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals, and the original transmission calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmission channel according to the signal transmission direction (ie, the original transmission calibration signal flows in Launch calibration loop);

The calibrator E1 is specifically configured to receive an M-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the first antenna through the active antenna, and transmit the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2. The N-channel calibration calibration signal after the active antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the second board, and compared with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel respectively, to obtain M+N characteristic difference values. M ≥ 2, N ≥ 2; where M is the number of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna in the first board, and N is the value of all the transmitting of the active antenna in the second board The number of channels; The calibrator E2 is specifically configured to receive an N-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the second antenna through the active antenna, and transmit the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2. And passing the M channel of the active antenna after the transmission calibration loop of the first board to emit a calibration signal, and comparing with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel respectively, to obtain M+N characteristic difference values. .

It should be understood that the M baseband processing module of the first single board, the corresponding M-channel TR channel (specifically, the transmitting channel), the multiplexer D1, and the calibrator E1 constitute an M-channel transmission calibration loop; M baseband processing modules of the board, corresponding M-channel TR channels (specifically, transmission channels), multiplexer D1, multiplexer D2 of the second board, and calibrator E2 constitute an M-channel transmission calibration loop; It is understood that the N baseband processing modules of the second board, the corresponding N-channel TR channels

(specifically, the transmission channel), the multiplexer D2, and the calibrator E2 constitute an N-channel transmission calibration loop; the N baseband processing modules of the second board, the corresponding N-channel TR channels (specifically, the transmission channels), The device D2, the multiplexer D1, the calibrator El, and the like constitute an N-channel transmission calibration loop. It should be noted that, from the direction of the signal flow, the aforementioned connection link or microstrip line between the constituent units is also a component of the calibration loop.

a feature difference calculation unit, specifically for equating the feature difference value between the transmit calibration signal and the original transmit calibration signal of each of the transmit calibration loops of the active antenna with the feature of each transmit calibration loop The relationship between the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1 and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 is calculated, and each of the active antennas on the first board and the second board is calculated. a feature difference value of the transmit channel of the transceiver unit relative to the reference transmit channel (in the first embodiment of the present invention, the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator m);

Each baseband processing module (Al l - A1M, A21 - A2N) is specifically configured to perform a feature of transmitting a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a transmission channel of a corresponding transceiver unit Pre-compensation, so that the signal characteristics of each transmission service are distributed according to a certain rule at the front end of the transceiver; Specifically, a feature difference value of a transmit channel of each of the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board relative to the reference transmit channel is provided in the baseband processing module of the M+N path. The transmitting DBF module respectively invokes, including: pre-compensating the signal characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) in each of the digital baseband signals before the demodulation to cancel the transmission channel of each transceiver unit. The difference in characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay), so that the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) of all transmitted signals modulated and amplified by the transmitting channel are equal at the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer), or According to a certain law distribution, the antenna oscillator is converted into electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are synthesized in the air vector to form the required antenna emission pattern.

In the embodiment of the present invention, an interconnection structure as shown in FIG. 2 can be used between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2. As shown in FIG. 2, the two boards are connected in the embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the source link. As shown in FIG. 2, the passive link includes a coaxial connector (mother), a coaxial connector (male), and a coaxial cable, wherein the coaxial cable has a coaxial connector (male) at each end, and the coaxial The connectors (male) are respectively connected to the coaxial connectors (female) provided on the single board 1 and the single board 2.

In another implementation, electromagnetic wave signal connections may also be used between multiplexer D1 and multiplexer D2.

The above is an example of two boards. It should be understood that if there are more boards, the principle is extensible.

The embodiment of the present invention is applicable to calibrating a transceiver array disposed on different boards. In the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the calibration module has a corresponding relationship with the transceiver array, that is, each transceiver array. Corresponding to a calibration module, for example, the transceiver array of the first board corresponds to the calibrator El, the transceiver array of the second board corresponds to the calibrator E2, ... the transceiver array M of the Mth board corresponds to the calibrator EM; each transceiver array is calibrated by (M-1) calibrators other than the calibrator corresponding to the transceiver array, in addition to being calibrated by the calibrator corresponding to the transceiver array.

It should be noted that, in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the multiplexer D1 on the first board and the multiplexer D2 on the second board have the same structural shape, and the features are the same, or the difference in characteristics thereof. For the sake of knowing, the following formula derivation defaults to the same feature; the microstrip line (or stripline) feature from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the multiplexer 1 and the micro from the C21, C22 C2N to the multiplexer 2 The strip line (or strip line) has the same characteristics; and the passive link characteristics from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input A1 point of the calibrator 1 and the input A2 from C21, C22 C2N to the calibrator 2 The passive link characteristics of the points are the same; and, the passive link characteristics from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input A2 point of the calibrator 2 and the points from the C21, C22 C2N to the input A1 of the calibrator 1 The passive link features are the same, and all baseband processing modules of the single board 1 and the single board 2 belong to digital circuits and have the same characteristics.

It can be seen that, in the active antenna of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the calibrator E1 is based on the relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the characteristics of each calibration loop. The obtained M+N feature difference values, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, calculate the receiving channels of each transceiver unit disposed on the first board and the second board and/or Or the characteristic difference value of the transmitting channel relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, and performing the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit Feature compensation; thus achieving a more accurate calibration between transceivers arranged on different boards, that is, using the characteristics of a certain receiving channel or transmitting channel as a reference, offsetting the transmission and reception of the layout on different boards The difference in characteristics of the receiving channel or the transmitting channel of the signal unit further realizes that the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) of the service signals of all receiving channels are equal, or According to a certain law distribution, the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals is realized, and the required antenna receiving pattern is formed to achieve the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna; further realizing the transmission of all the transmitted channels by modulation amplification The characteristics of the signal (amplitude, phase, delay) are equal in the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer in the transceiver channel), or distributed according to a certain rule, converted into electromagnetic waves by the antenna oscillator, and the electromagnetic wave is in the air vector. Synthesis, forming the desired antenna emission pattern. Example 2: 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an active antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The active antenna includes two antenna element arrays, and a transceiver unit array (on one of the antenna elements) disposed on the single board 1. Array corresponding), combiner 1A, 1B, 1C and calibrator Fl, transceiver unit array (corresponding to another antenna element array) disposed on single board 2, combiner 2A, 2B, 2C and calibration F2, calibrator F1 and calibrator F2 are connected by digital signal; combiner 1A and combiner 1B are connected by link B1, combiner 1B and combiner 1C are connected by link E1, and combiner 1B is connected to combiner 2C via link D1; combiner 2A and combiner 2B are connected by link B2, combiner 2B is connected with combiner 2C via link E2, and combiner 2B is combined The router 1C is connected by a link D2; wherein the structures of the links D1, D2 are the same as those of the above-described passive link of the embodiment 1 of the present invention (see Fig. 2).

The following is an example of receiving and calibrating a transceiver disposed on the board 1 and the board 2 as an example:

The calibrator F1 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 1C, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals sequentially passes through the link El, the combiner 1B, and the chain according to the direction of signal transmission. The road Bl and the combiner 1A are divided into M paths by the combiner 1A, and the M-channel receiving calibration signals respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers CI 1-C1M, and then pass through the corresponding transceiver unit. The receiving channel and the baseband processing module are returned to the calibrator F1; wherein the other receiving calibration signal passes through the link D2, the combiner 2B, the link B2, the combiner 2A, and the combiner 2A according to the direction of signal transmission. Divided into N ways, the N way receiving calibration signal enters the front end position of the N transceiver unit through the corresponding coupler C21-C2N, and then passes through the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit and the baseband processing module, and returns to the calibrator F2. , the N receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the calibrator F1 by the calibrator F2 through a digital signal connection with the calibrator F1; and comparing the received M+N connections after the calibrated loop M+N characteristic difference values between the calibration signal and the original reception calibration signal; it should be noted that the digital signal connection between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 has no effect on the amplitude and phase of the signal, although the signal is delayed. It has an impact, but the effect is small and known. It should be understood that the calibrator F1 of the first single board, the combiner 1C, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, the M-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel) and the corresponding M baseband processing modules, etc. The M channel receives the calibration loop; the calibrator F1 of the first board, the combiner 1C, the combiner 2B of the second board, the combiner 2A, the N-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), the corresponding The N baseband processing modules and the calibrator F2 and the like constitute an N-way reception calibration loop.

The calibrator F2 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 2C, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals sequentially passes through the link E2, the combiner 2B, and the chain according to the direction of signal transmission. The road B2 and the combiner 2A are divided into N paths by the combiner 2A, and the N-channel receiving calibration signals respectively enter the front end position of the N-way transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers C21-C2N, and then pass through the corresponding transceiver unit. The receiving channel and the baseband processing module are returned to the calibrator F2; wherein the other receiving calibration signal is sequentially divided by the link D1, the combiner 1B, the link B1, and the combiner 1A according to the direction of signal transmission, and is divided by the combiner 1A. M channel, M channel receiving calibration signal enters the front end position of the M channel transceiver unit through the corresponding coupler CI 1-C1M, and then passes through the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit and the baseband processing module, and returns to the calibrator Fl Transmitting the M-channel reception calibration signal to the calibrator F2 by the calibrator F1 through a digital signal connection with the calibrator F2; and comparing the received M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N receiving calibration signals after the calibration loop and the original receiving calibration signals; it should be noted that the digital signal between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 is connected to the amplitude of the signal. The phase has no effect, although it has an effect on the delay of the signal, but the effect is small and known.

It should be understood that the calibrator F2 of the second single board, the combiner 2C, the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, the N-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), the corresponding N baseband processing modules, and the like N-channel receiving calibration loop; calibrator F2 of the second board, combiner 2C, combiner 1B of the first board, combiner 1A, M-channel TR channel (specifically, receive channel), corresponding The M baseband processing modules and the calibrator F1 and the like constitute an M-channel reception calibration loop. It should be noted that the calibration loop refers to each component through which the calibration signal flows, and the connection link between the components. a feature difference calculation unit, configured to calibrate according to an equivalent relationship between a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each of the receiving calibration loops of the active antenna and a characteristic of each of the receiving calibration loops The M+N feature difference values obtained by the F1 and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F2 are calculated, and each transceiver of the active antenna on the first board and the second board is calculated. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator F1 (the feature difference calculation unit may also be integrated with the calibrator F2);

Each baseband processing module (A11_A1M, A21-A2N) is configured to perform feature post-compensation on the received service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, In order to make the received signal of each channel coherently accumulate, the required antenna receiving pattern is formed, and the receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna is achieved.

It should be noted that, in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the combiners 1A, 1B, 1C on the first board and the combiners 2A, 2B, 2C on the second board have the same structural shape; The characteristics of Bl and B2 are the same, the characteristics of the links El and E2 are the same; the characteristics of the microstrip line (or strip line) from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the combiner 1A and the characteristics from the C21, C22 C2N to the combiner 2A microstrip line

(or stripline) features the same; links Dl, D2 have the same characteristics; and, from the coupler Cl l,

C12 C1M to calibrator F1 input A1 point passive link characteristics and from C21,

The passive link characteristics of the C22 C2N to the input terminal A2 of the calibrator F2 are the same; and the passive link characteristics from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input terminal A2 of the calibrator F2 and the slave C21, C22 C2N The passive link characteristics to the point of the input A1 of the calibrator F1 are the same; and all the baseband processing modules of the single board 1 and the single board 2 have the same characteristics. In order to describe the function of the feature difference calculation unit, in the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation process is described in detail below:

1. The TR channel B1 l of the single board 1 and the TR channel B12, the characteristics of the TR channel B1M are STR11, STR12, and STR1M, respectively; The characteristics of the TR channel B21, the TR channel B22, and the TR channel B2N of the single board 2 are respectively

STR2 STR22, STR2N (wherein M and N may be the same or different, that is, the number of transceiver units on the two boards may be equal or unequal);

2. The combiner is passive. On different boards, as long as the combiner has the same structural shape, its feature dispersion is small and negligible. Therefore, it can be considered that the combiner 1A and the combiner 2A have the same characteristics, and the other combiners and the like;

By the same token, the links B1 and B2 have the same characteristics, and the links El and E2 have the same characteristics. Similarly, the characteristics of the microstrip line (or strip line) from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the combiner 1A are the same. The microstrip line (or strip line) of C21, C22 C2N to combiner 2A has the same characteristics;

The links D1 and D2 are all of the structure shown in Fig. 2. The cable lengths are the same and the characteristics can be the same.

According to the principle of addition, subtraction of amplitude, phase and delay characteristics, it is relatively easy to do the following two points:

The passive link feature SAC11 from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input A1 point of the calibrator F1 is the same as the passive link feature SAC22 from the C21, C22 C2N to the input A2 point of the calibrator F2, both are provided For SACC;

The passive link feature SAC12 from the coupler CI1, C12 C1M to the input A2 point of the calibrator F2 is the same as the passive link feature SAC21 from C21, C22 C2N to the input A1 point of the calibrator F1, both are provided For SACD;

3. The calibrator is common. The calibrator F1 of the single board 1 is characterized by SCAL1, and the calibrator F2 of the single board 2 is characterized by SCAL2.

4. The baseband processing module is a digital circuit. Therefore, all the baseband processing modules of the single board 1 and the single board 2 have the same or known features, and are shown by SBB for the sake of simplicity;

5. The calibrator F1 on the single board 1 calibrates the transceiver unit of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the single board 1 and the single board 2. It can be understood that after receiving the calibration loop, the received M +N schools The characteristic difference between the quasi-signal and the original calibration signal sent is SE111,

SE112, SE11M, SE12 SE122, SE12N; Calibrator F2 on the single board 2 calibrates the transceiver unit of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the single board 1 and the single board 2. It can be understood that the calibration loop is completed. After the road, the characteristic difference between the received M+N calibration signals and the original calibration signals sent is SE211, SE212, SE21M, SE22 SE222, SE22N.

The calibrator F 1 on the single board 1 calibrates all the M+N transceiver units of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the single board 1 and the single board 2, and the following equations can be listed:

STR11 + SACC + SCAL1 + SBB = SE111

STR12 + SACC + SCAL1 + SBB = SE112

STR1M + SACC + SCAL1 + SBB = SE11M

STR21 + SACD + SCAL1 + SBB = SE121

STR22 + SACD + SCAL1 + SBB = SE122 STR2N + SACD + SCAL1 + SBB = SE12N Equation 2 Similarly, Calibrator F2 on board 2 calibrates all M+N transceivers on board 1 and board 2 Units, the following equations can be listed:

STR11 + SACD + SCAL2 + SBB = SE211

STR12 + SACD + SCAL2 + SBB = SE212

STR1M + SACD + SCAL2 + SBB = SE21M Equations 3 STR21 + SACC + SCAL2 + SBB = SE221

STR22 + SACC + SCAL2 + SBB = SE222 STR2N + SACC + SCAL2 + SBB = SE22N Equation 4 Equations consisting of the above 2* (M+N) equations, only STR11, STR12, ... STR1M , STR2 STR22, STR2M, SACC, SACD, SCAL SCAL2 It is unknown, that is, there are a total of M+N+4 unknowns, so there must be a solution (because there are at least two transceivers on any single board, M≥2, N≥2, so 2* (M+N) ≥M+N+4, the number of equations is greater than the unknown number).

There are many ways to solve this set of equations, and we only need to know the difference between the characteristics of each transceiver. For example, in an embodiment of the invention:

Subtracting the 2nd and 3rd M equations of Equation 1 from the first equation of Equation 1, respectively, yields Equation 5:

STR12 - STR11 = SE112 - SE111 STR1M - STR11 = SE11M - SE111 Equations 5 As can be seen from the figure, STR12 represents the characteristics of the TR channel 12 on the board 1, and STR11 represents the characteristics of the TR channel 11 on the board 1.

Equation 5 shows that the Calibrator F 1 on the board 1 can calibrate all M transceivers on the board 1.

Add the first equation of Equation 1 to the first equation of Equation 3 to get Equation 6:

STR11 + SACC + SCAL1 + SBB + STR11 + SACD + SCAL2 + SBB =

SE111 + SE211 Equation 6 Add the first and second N equations of Equation 2 to the first and second N equations of Equation 4 to obtain Equation 7:

STR21 + SACD + SCAL 1 + SBB + STR21 + SACC + SCAL2 + SBB =

SE121 + SE221

STR22 + SACD + SCAL1 + SBB + STR22 + SACC + SCAL2 + SBB = SE122 + SE222

STR2N + SACD + SCAL1 + SBB + STR2N + SACC + SCAL2 + SBB SE12N + SE22N Equation 7 Then subtract all equations of Equation 7 from Equation 6, respectively, to obtain Equation 8: STR21 - STR11 = ((SE221 + SE121)-(SE211 + SE111))/2

STR22 - STR11 = ((SE222 + SE122)-(SE211 + SE111))/2

STR2N - STR11 = ((SE22N + SE12N) - (SE211 + SE111)) / 2 Equation 8 As can be seen from Figure 1, STR21, STR2 ... STR2N respectively represent the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention The characteristics of TR channel B21, TR channel B22, ... TR channel B2N on the single board 2,

STR 11 represents the feature of the TR channel B 11 of the active antenna on the single board 1 of the embodiment of the present invention.

It can be seen that Equations 5 and 8 represent that the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the characteristics of the first transceiver of the single board 1, and all other transceivers on the two boards are characterized. As can be obtained, the cross-calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention is capable of calibrating all of the transceiver units of the transceiver array distributed on the two boards, specifically the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit.

It should be noted that the foregoing derivation process is described by taking the characteristics of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the single board 1 as an example, but is not limited thereto, and the active antenna may be used in the first board 1 The characteristics of the two transceivers are reference, or the characteristics of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the single board 2, etc., and it should be understood that if the calibration signal is a reception calibration signal, it is calculated The characteristic difference of the receiving channel of the transceiver unit of the transceiver array distributed on the boards 1 and 2 with respect to the reference receiving channel of the active antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention; if the calibration signal is the transmitting calibration signal, the calculation is performed. The difference in characteristics of the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit of the transceiver array of the active antenna distributed on the boards 1 and 2 relative to the reference transmitting channel is shown in the embodiment of the present invention.

Further, the embodiment of the present invention can not only calculate the difference between the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit of the transceiver array distributed on the boards 1 and 2 with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the reference transmitting channel. It is also possible to calculate the characteristic difference between the calibrator F 1 disposed on the single board 1 and the calibrator F2 disposed on the single board 2.

According to the first equation of Equation 1 and the first equation of Equation 3: for example, the TR channel

B11 acts as a common "calibrator" to calibrate the difference between Calibrator F1 and Calibrator F2, but The difference in characteristics between link Bl (or B2) and link D1 (or D2) is also doped.

To do this, compare the first equation of Equation 2 with the first equation of Equation 4, and use TR channel B21 as a common "calibrator" to recalibrate the characteristics between Calibrator F 1 and Calibrator F2. The difference is different, although the difference between the characteristics of the link B1 (or B2) and the link D1 (or D2) is also doped, as long as the four equations are combined, the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 can be calculated. Differences between features:

SCAL1 - SCAL2 = ((SE111 + SE121) - (SE211 + SE221))/2 Equation 9 It can be seen that any TR channel can be used as a common "calibrator" in the embodiment of the present invention to calibrate the calibrator F1 and The characteristic difference of the calibrator F2.

It can be seen that, in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the M obtained by the calibrator F1 is based on the equivalent relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the characteristics of the calibration loop. The +N feature difference values, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F2, calculate the reception of all the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board in the embodiment of the present invention. And the characteristic difference value of the channel of any one of the receiving channels of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the first board and the second board, and the transmitting and receiving according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel of the transceiver unit The receiving service signal of the signal unit performs post-compensation of the signal characteristics; thereby achieving a more accurate calibration between the transceivers arranged on different boards, that is, the feature of any one of the receiving channels is used as a reference, offsetting Differentiating the characteristics of the receiving channels of all the transceiver units on different boards, further realizing the characteristics of the service signals of all receiving channels ( The amplitude, phase, and delay are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and achieving the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna. Example 3:

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of still another active antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 2 is that a combiner is omitted on each board, and the board is omitted. The interconnection (transmission) of the RF signals between the boards is performed through a link D. Specifically, the active antenna includes two antenna element arrays, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna element arrays) disposed on the single board 1, a combiner 1A, an IB, and a calibrator El, which are arranged in a single a transceiver unit array on board 2 (corresponding to another antenna element array), combiners 2A, 2B, and calibrator E2, wherein calibrator E1 and calibrator E2 are connected by digital signals; combiner 1A and The combiner 1B is connected by the link B1, the combiner 1B is connected to the calibrator E1, and the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B are connected by the link D; the combiner 2A and the combiner 2B are connected by the link B2 The connection, the combiner 2B is connected to the calibrator E2, and the other connection relationships are the same as those in the prior art, and therefore will not be described again. As shown in FIG. 2, the structure of the link D is shown.

The calibrator E1 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 1B, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals passes through the link B1 and the combiner 1A in sequence according to the direction of signal transmission. The combiner 1A is divided into M paths, and the M channels receive calibration signals respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers C11-C1M, and then pass through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, and return Calibrator E1; wherein the other receiving calibration signal passes through link D, combiner 2B, link B2, combiner 2A in turn according to the direction of signal transmission, and is divided into N paths by combiner 2A, and N receives the calibration signal through The corresponding couplers C21-C2N respectively enter the front end position of the N-way transceiver unit, and then pass through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, return to the calibrator E2, and pass the calibrator E2 and the calibrator E1. The digital signal connection between the N receives the calibration signal to the calibrator E1; and compares the received M+N received calibration signals with the original after the calibration loop The M+N characteristic difference value between the calibration signals; it should be noted that the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 has no influence on the amplitude and phase of the signal, although it has an influence on the delay of the signal, but the influence Small and known. It should be understood that the M-channel receiving calibration loop is formed by the calibrator El of the first single board, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, the M-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel) and the corresponding M baseband processing modules. The calibrator El of the first single board, the combiner 1B, the combiner 2B of the second single board, the combiner 2A, the N-way TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), the corresponding N baseband processing modules, and Calibrator E2 forms an N-way receive calibration loop.

The calibrator E2 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 2B, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals passes through the link B2 and the combiner 2A in sequence according to the direction of signal transmission. The combiner 2A is divided into N ways, and the N-way receiving calibration signals are respectively entered into the front end position of the N-way transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers C21-C2N, and then passed through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, and are returned. Calibrator E2; wherein the other receiving calibration signal passes through link D, combiner 1B, link B1, combiner 1A in turn according to the direction of signal transmission, and is divided into M path by combiner 1 A, and M path receives calibration signal The corresponding couplers CI 1-C1M respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver unit, and then pass through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, return to the calibrator E1, and pass and calibrate by the calibrator El. The digital signal connection between E2 transmits the M channel receiving calibration signal to the calibrator E2; and compares the received M+N after the calibrated loop Receiving M+N characteristic difference values between the calibration signal and the original receiving calibration signal; it should be noted that the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 has no effect on the amplitude and phase of the signal, although the signal is delayed. It has an impact, but the effect is small and known.

It should be understood that the calibrator E2 of the second single board, the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, the N-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), and the corresponding N baseband processing modules constitute an N-channel receiving calibration loop. The calibrator E2 of the second single board, the combiner 2B, the combiner 1B of the second single board, the combiner 1A, the M-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), the corresponding M baseband processing modules, and The calibrator E1 constitutes an M-channel reception calibration loop.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the calibrator E1 is used as a main calibrator, and is further configured to be used according to the received calibration signal and the original received calibration signal of each receiving calibration loop passing through the active antenna. The equivalent relationship between the feature difference value and the characteristics of each receiving calibration loop, the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 are calculated. a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first board and the second board with respect to the reference receiving channel;

The M+N baseband processing module (Al1-A1M, A21-A2N) is configured to receive a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. The post-compensation of the features is performed so that the received service signals can be coherently accumulated to form a desired antenna receiving pattern to achieve the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna.

It should be noted that, in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the combiners 1A and IB on the first board and the combiners 2A and 2B on the second board have the same structural shape; the characteristics of the links B1 and B2 Same; the characteristics of the microstrip line (or strip line) from the coupler CI 1 , C12 C1M to the combiner 1A and from C21,

The microstrip line (or strip line) of C22 C2N to combiner 2A has the same characteristics; and the passive link characteristics from the couplers CI 1 and C12 C1M to the input point A1 of the calibrator E1 are from C21,

C22 C2N to calibrator E2 input A2 point passive link characteristics are the same; and, from the coupling Cl l, C12 C1M to the calibrator E2 input A2 point passive link characteristics and

C2 C22 C2N to the input of the calibrator E1 The passive link characteristics of the A1 point are the same; and the characteristics of all the baseband processing modules of the single board 1 and the single board 2 are the same.

Further, if the transmitter arrays distributed on the first board and the second board are calibrated, in the active antenna of the embodiment of the invention:

The M+N baseband processing module (A11-A1M, A21-A2N) is further used to sequentially issue M+N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals (it is required that each baseband processing module issues an original transmission) Calibration signal), the original transmission calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmission channel (B11-B1M, B21-B2N) according to the signal transmission direction, and reaches the corresponding coupler (C11-C1M, C21-C2N), on the board 1 The M-channel transmission calibration signal is combined by the combiner 1A to generate a transmission calibration signal, which is transmitted to the combiner 1B through the link B1, and splits into two paths through the combiner 1B, wherein one of the transmission calibration signals returns to the calibration. El, one of the other The road transmission calibration signal reaches the combiner 2B through the link D, and returns to the calibrator E2; the N-channel transmission calibration signal on the single board 2 synthesizes one transmission calibration signal through the combiner 2A, and the transmission calibration signal passes through the link. B2 is transmitted to combiner 2B and split into two paths through combiner 2B, one of which transmits a calibration signal back to calibrator E2, wherein the other transmits a calibration signal through link D to combiner 1B and returns to the calibrator El.

It should be understood that the M baseband processing module of the first single board, the corresponding M-channel TR channel (specifically, the transmitting channel), the combiner 1A, the combiner 1B, and the calibrator E1 constitute an M-channel emission calibration loop. M; baseband processing module of the first single board, corresponding M-channel TR channel (specifically, transmitting channel), combiner 1A, combiner 1B, combiner 2B of the second single board, and calibrator E2 Etc. constitutes an M-channel emission calibration loop;

It should be understood that the N baseband processing modules of the second single board, the corresponding N-way TR channels (specifically, the transmitting channels), the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B, and the calibrator E2 constitute an N-way transmitting calibration loop. The N baseband processing module of the second board, the corresponding N-channel TR channel (specifically, the transmitting channel), the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B, the combiner IB, and the calibrator El constitute an N-way transmission Calibrate the loop. It should be noted that, from the direction of the signal flow, the aforementioned connection link or microstrip line between the constituent units is also a component of the calibration loop.

The calibrator El is further configured to receive the M-channel emission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the first antenna through the active antenna, and to transmit the link D between the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B The N-channel transmission calibration signal after the active antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the second board, and compared with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel respectively, to obtain M+N characteristic difference values. The value of M is the number of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna in the first board, and the value of N is the number of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna in the second board;

The calibrator E2 is further configured to receive an N-channel emission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the second antenna through the active antenna, and pass the link D between the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B M-channel transmission after the active calibration antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the first board The signals are calibrated and compared with the M+N original transmission calibration signals, respectively, to obtain M+N feature difference values.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the calibrator E1 is used as a main calibrator, and is further configured to: according to a characteristic difference value between each of the emission calibration signal and the original transmission calibration signal of each of the emission calibration loops passing through the active antenna Equivalent relationship between the characteristics of the transmitting calibration loop, M+N characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and M+N characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, and the active antenna is calculated in the first single a characteristic difference value of a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit on the board and the second board with respect to the reference transmitting channel;

Each baseband processing module (A11_A1M, A21-A2N) is further configured to perform feature pre-compensation on the transmit service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a transmit channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. So that the signal characteristics of each transmission service are distributed according to a certain rule at the front end of the transceiver.

It can be seen that, in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the calibrator E1 obtains the M according to the equivalent relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the characteristics of the calibration loop. The +N feature difference values, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, calculate the reception of all the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board in the embodiment of the present invention. a characteristic difference value of the channel and/or the transmission channel relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, and a receiving service for the transceiver unit according to a characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit The signal and/or the transmitted service signal are subjected to feature compensation; thereby achieving a more accurate calibration between the transceivers arranged on different boards, that is, the feature of any one of the receiving channels is used as a reference, and the layout is offset. The difference in characteristics of the receiving channels and/or the transmitting channels of all transceiver units on the board further realizes the characteristics of the service signals of all receiving channels ( The degree, phase, and delay are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and achieving the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna; further realizing Make the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) of all transmitted signals modulated and amplified by the transmitting channel at the front end of the transceiver (antenna oscillator and The duplexers in the transceiver channel are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, and are converted into electromagnetic waves by the antenna oscillator, and the electromagnetic waves are synthesized in the air vector to form a required antenna emission pattern. The above is described by taking two boards as an example. In the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, the transceiver array can be arranged on multiple boards, for example, the first to the Kth (K is greater than or equal to 2). Positive integer) Single board.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a peripheral of a combiner when the transceiver array is arranged on three boards in the active antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the combiner 1A, the combiner IB and the calibrator E1 are arranged on the first board, and the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B and the calibrator E2 are arranged on the second board. The roadside 3A, the combiner 3B, and the calibrator E3 are disposed on the third board. The other connections on the board are the same as those in the previous embodiment, and therefore will not be described again.

As shown in FIG. 5, the combiner 1B disposed on the first board and the combiner 2B disposed on the second board are connected through the link D12 to realize the transmission of the calibration signal between the boards; The combiner 1B on the board and the combiner 3B disposed on the third board are connected by the link D13 to realize the transmission of the inter-board calibration signal; the combiner 2B and the setting provided on the second board The combiner 3B on the third board is connected through the link D23 to realize the transmission of the inter-board calibration signal; and the calibrators disposed on the board can be connected by the signal lines CAL12, CAL13, CAL23.

In another implementation, since the digital signals between the boards can be cascaded, CAL13 can also be omitted, so that the interconnection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E3 is relayed through the calibrator E2. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention can be analogized to four single boards or more single boards. In the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, when the transceiver array is arranged on three boards, the physical structure of the combiner is as shown in FIG. 5. For the calibration scheme, refer to the foregoing embodiment, and therefore no further details are provided. Example 4

Referring to FIG. 6, a calibration method according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is applied to: first to Kth transceiver unit arrays respectively corresponding to the first to Kth boards, corresponding to the first To the active antenna of the Kth multiplexer and the corresponding 1st to Kth calibrators, Κ is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising:

S601: Obtain, by the first to the third calibrators, a characteristic difference value between the calibration signals and the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the second boards, wherein The value of Ρ is the number of all transceiver units of the first to second transceiver unit arrays;

S602: Correlation between a feature difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and a feature of each calibration loop, and each of the active antennas The characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrators are calculated, and the characteristic difference values of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel are respectively calculated;

The reference receive channel and/or transmit channel herein are the receive and/or transmit channels of any of the transceiver units included in the first to the first κ transceiver unit arrays, respectively.

The difference in characteristics here is reflected by the amplitude, phase, and delay of the transceiver unit (specifically, the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel).

S603: Perform feature compensation on the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.

In the calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention, if the calibration signal is a reception calibration signal, the method further comprises: issuing, by each calibrator, an original reception calibration signal, the original reception calibration signal passing through the active antenna in the present order The multiplexer of the board is divided into multiple paths, respectively entering the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the board; and the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the 电磁 through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer The multiplexers of the multiplexers other than the multiplexer are divided into multiple channels by each of the other multiplexers, and respectively enter the receiving calibration loop of the active antennas on each of the other boards;

In one implementation, the S601 obtains a characteristic difference value between the calibration signals and the original calibration signal after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the second boards. The method includes: receiving P receiving calibration signals after all receiving calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to Kth boards, and comparing P between the P receiving calibration signals and the original receiving calibration signals Feature difference values.

In the calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention, if the calibration signal is a transmission calibration signal, the method further comprises: sequentially transmitting, by each baseband processing module, an original transmission calibration signal at a predetermined delay interval, the original transmission calibration signal according to the signal The transmission direction flows into the corresponding transmission channel;

In another implementation, the P feature difference values between the P calibration signals and the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to Kth boards are obtained in S601, The method includes: receiving an I-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmit calibration loop of the active antenna on the board, where the value of I is the number of all transmit channels of the active antenna on the board, and receiving The (PI) path transmitted by the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer transmits a calibration signal, and is respectively compared with the P-channel original transmission calibration signal to obtain P characteristic difference values.

In one implementation, S602 includes:

According to the P one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all the calibration loops through which the calibration signal passes, the matrix operation of the array is used to obtain the receiving channels and/or the transmitting channels of each transceiver unit disposed on each board relative to the reference respectively. a feature difference value of the receive channel and/or the transmit channel, wherein the one-dimensional array represents a feature of each component through which the signal transmission in the corresponding calibration loop passes, a calibration signal passing through the calibration loop, and the original calibration signal Characteristic difference value. It should be understood that the components herein include: a multiplexer, a TR channel, a baseband processing module, a calibrator, and a connection link between the aforementioned components in accordance with the direction of signal flow.

It can be seen that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the feature difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal of each calibration loop and the feature of each calibration loop is calculated and arranged on different boards. The characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, and according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit, in the number Feature compensation of the service signals of the transceiver unit in the domain; thereby achieving a more accurate calibration between transceivers arranged on different boards, ie The feature of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the receiving channel or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit arranged on different boards, and further realize the service signals of all receiving channels. The characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and achieving the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna; further The characteristics (amplitude, phase, and delay) of the transmitted signals modulated and amplified by all the transmitting channels are equalized at the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer), or distributed according to a certain rule, through the antenna oscillator It is converted into electromagnetic waves, which are synthesized in the air vector to form the required antenna emission pattern. Example 5

The following is a detailed description of receiving and calibrating a transceiver array arranged on different boards.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a calibration method according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention provides another calibration method, which is applied to the active antenna shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes:

S701: Calibrator E1 sends out the original receiving calibration signal;

S701': Calibrator E2 sends the original receive calibration signal;

S702: The original receiving calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D1 and the M couplers on the single board 1 to respectively enter the front end position of the M transceiver on the single board 1; the original receiving calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D1, the multiplexer The electromagnetic connection between the D1 and the multiplexer D2, the multiplexer D2, and the N couplers on the board 2 respectively enter the front end position of the N-way transceiver on the single board 2;

S702': The original receiving calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D2 and the N couplers on the board 2, respectively, and enters the N-channel transceiver front end position on the board 2; the original receiving calibration signal is multiplexed through the multiplexer D2. The electromagnetic connection between the device D2 and the multiplexer D1, the multiplexer D1, and the M couplers on the board 1 respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver on the single board 1;

S703: receiving the calibration signal through the receiving channel of each transceiver on the single board 1 and the single board 2, the baseband processing module, and reaching the calibrator E1; S703': receiving the calibration signal through the receiving channel of each transceiver on the single board 1 and the single board 2, the baseband processing module, to the calibrator E2;

S704: The calibrator m compares the characteristic difference between the original received calibration signal and the received reception calibration signal to obtain N+M one-dimensional arrays;

S704': the calibrator E2 compares the characteristic difference between the original received calibration signal and the received reception calibration signal to obtain N+M one-dimensional arrays;

S705: N+M one-dimensional arrays obtained by S704 and N+M one-dimensional arrays obtained by S704', and matrix operations of the arrays are performed to obtain all transceiver units of the active antennas on the single board 1 and the single board 2. Characteristic difference value of the difference in the characteristics of the receiving channel;

S706: The baseband processing modules respectively compensate the characteristics of the received service signal according to the feature difference values of the respective receiving channels, so that the received service signals can be coherently accumulated.

In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the above S701, S702, and S703 are described in a separate step, but for convenience of description, it should be understood that they may be combined into one step. Similarly, S701 \ S702, S703 can also be combined into one step.

It can be seen that, in the embodiment of the present invention, according to the plurality of one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all the calibration loops through which the calibration signal is received, the matrix operation of the array is used to obtain the reception of each transceiver unit disposed on each board. The channel is respectively compared with the characteristic difference value of the reference receiving channel, and the feature of the receiving service signal of the transceiver unit is compensated according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel of the transceiver unit; thereby realizing arrangement on different boards The more precise calibration between the transceivers, that is, the feature of a certain receiving channel is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the receiving channels of the transceiver units arranged on different boards, further realizing The characteristics (amplitude, phase, and delay) of the service signals of all receiving channels are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and reaching the entire antenna. Receive sensitivity indicator. Example 6 The following is an example of performing transmission calibration on a transceiver array arranged on different boards. FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention provides another calibration method, which is applied to the active antenna shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 8, the method includes:

S801: All M+N baseband processing modules sequentially send M+N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals, and reach corresponding couplers and corresponding multiplexers through corresponding transmission channels;

S802: The M channel on the single board 1 transmits a calibration signal, returns to the calibrator El through the multiplexer D1, and transmits the calibration signal through the N channels on the single board 2, through the multiplexer D2, the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexers, The multiplexer D1 returns to the calibrator E1;

S802': N-channel transmission calibration signal on the single board 2, returning to the calibrator E2 through the multiplexer D2, and the M-channel transmitting calibration signal on the single board 1 through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer The multiplexer D2 returns to the calibrator E2;

S803: The calibrator E1 compares the received M+N channel transmission calibration signal with the M+N channel original transmission calibration signal sent by the baseband processing module to obtain M+N one-dimensional arrays;

S803': The calibrator E2 compares the received M+N channel transmission calibration signal with the M+N channel original transmission calibration signal sent by the baseband processing module to obtain M+N one-dimensional arrays;

S804: M+N one-dimensional arrays obtained by S803 and S803, the obtained M+N one-dimensional arrays are subjected to matrix operation of the array to obtain characteristics of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna on the single board 1 and the single board 2. Characteristic difference value of difference;

S805: each baseband processing module pre-compensates the characteristics of the transmitted service signal according to the feature difference values of the respective transmit channels, so that the characteristics of the transmitted service signals are distributed according to a certain rule at the front end of the transceiver.

It can be seen that, in the embodiment of the present invention, according to the plurality of one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all the calibration loops through which the calibration signal passes, the matrix operation of the array is used to obtain the transmission channels of each transceiver unit disposed on each board. And respectively performing feature compensation on the transmit service signal of the transceiver unit according to the feature difference value of the reference transmit channel, and according to the feature difference value of the transmit channel of the transceiver unit; thereby realizing the arrangement on different boards More precise calibration between transceivers, ie The feature of a certain transmitting channel is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the transmitting channels of the transceiver unit arranged on different boards, and further realizes the characteristics of the transmitted signals modulated and amplified by all the transmitting channels ( Amplitude, phase, delay) are equal in the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer in the transceiver channel), or distributed according to a certain rule, converted into electromagnetic waves by the antenna oscillator, and the electromagnetic waves are synthesized in the air vector. Required antenna emission pattern.

It should be understood that the transceiver array A disposed on one board and the transceiver array B disposed on the other board form a unified transceiver array C.

The calibration signal in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a pseudo random code or a single tone.

A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the process of implementing the above embodiment method can be completed by a computer program to instruct related hardware, and the above program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When executed, the flow of an embodiment of the methods as described above may be included. The above storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a read-only memory.

(Read-Only Memory, ROM) or Random Access Memory (RAM).

The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of the protection, any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

Claim

An active antenna, comprising: κ antenna arrays, further comprising: first to κ transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the array of antenna elements, respectively corresponding to first to first On the κ board, each transceiver unit array comprises a plurality of transceiver units, each transceiver unit comprising a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel and a corresponding baseband processing module;

The first to the κ multiplexers are respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards, and the calibration signals are transmitted to the first to the κ multiplexers through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer. Other multiplexers other than the multiplexer;

First to Kth calibrators respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards for obtaining P between the P calibration signals and the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna a feature difference value, wherein the value of P is the number of all transceiver units of the first to Kth transceiver unit arrays;

a feature difference calculation unit, configured to associate a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna with a feature of each calibration loop, and P characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna are calculated, and the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna are respectively calculated relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel Characteristic difference value;

2. The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein the calibrator is specifically configured to issue an original received calibration signal, and the original received calibration signal passes through the active antenna in a multiplexer of the board. Divided into multiple paths, respectively entering the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the board; and the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the K through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer The multiplexers other than the multiplexer in the multiplexer are divided into multiple channels by each of the other multiplexers, and respectively enter the receiving calibration loop of the active antennas on each of the other boards; Receiving P received calibration signals after all receiving calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the κ boards, and comparing P between the P received calibration signals and the original received calibration signals Feature difference values.

The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein the baseband processing module is further configured to send an original transmission calibration signal at a predetermined delay interval, and the original transmission calibration signal enters a corresponding direction according to a signal transmission direction. Launch channel

The calibrator is specifically configured to receive, by using a corresponding multiplexer, an I-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the active antenna on the board, where the value of I is the active antenna in the current order. The number of all transmit channels of the board, and the PI transmit calibration signals transmitted through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer, and compare the received P transmit calibration signals with the corresponding baseband processing module The difference in characteristics between the original transmit calibration signals is sent, and P feature difference values are obtained.

The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein if K is equal to 2, the first calibrator and the second calibrator have a digital signal connection, and the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer have a radio frequency signal Connection

a first calibrator, specifically for emitting an original receiving calibration signal, the original receiving calibration signal being divided into M paths by the first multiplexer, respectively entering the active antenna to receive a calibration loop on the M-channel of the first board And the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the second multiplexer through a radio frequency signal connection between the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer, and is divided into N paths by the second multiplexer to respectively enter the active The antenna receives the calibration loop on the N way of the second board, and receives the M receive calibration signals after receiving the calibration loop of the first board through the active antenna, and passes the first calibrator and the first N receiving calibration signals transmitted by the digital signal connection between the two calibrators after the receiving calibration loop of the second antenna through the active antenna, and comparing the M+N receiving calibration signals with M+N characteristic difference values between the original received calibration signals from the first calibrator, M ≥ 2, N ≥ 2; wherein the value of M is the number of all receiving channels of the active antenna in the first board, and the value of N is the receiving channel of the active antenna in the second board. quantity;

a second calibrator, specifically for emitting an original receiving calibration signal, the original receiving calibration signal being divided into N paths by a second multiplexer, respectively entering the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna in the second board And the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the first multiplexer through a radio frequency signal connection between the second multiplexer and the first multiplexer, and is divided into M paths by the first multiplexer to respectively enter the active The antenna receives a calibration loop on the M path of the first board, and receives N received calibration signals after receiving the calibration loop of the second board through the active antenna, and passes the first calibrator and the first The M receiving calibration signals transmitted by the digital signal connection between the two calibrators after the receiving calibration loop of the first antenna through the active antenna, and comparing the M+N receiving calibration signals with M+N characteristic difference values between the original received calibration signals from the second calibrator.

5. The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein if K is equal to 2, the first calibrator has a digital signal connection with the second calibrator, and the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer have a radio frequency signal Connection

a first calibrator, specifically for emitting an original receiving calibration signal, the original receiving calibration signal being divided into M paths by the first multiplexer, respectively entering the active antenna to receive a calibration loop on the M-channel of the first board And the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the second multiplexer through a radio frequency signal connection between the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer, and is divided into N paths by the second multiplexer to respectively enter the active The antenna receives the calibration loop on the N way of the second board, and obtains the characteristics of the M calibration signals after the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the first board and passes the first calibrator and the second calibration The characteristics of the N calibration signals transmitted by the digital signal connection between the devices and passing through the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board, and comparing the characteristics of the M+N receiving calibration signals M+N characteristic difference values between the features of the original received calibration signal are sent; the second calibrator is specifically configured to issue an original received calibration signal, and the original received calibration signal is divided into N paths by the second multiplexer. Enter the above separately Source calibration loop antenna receiving a second N-way board; and the original calibration signals received by radio between the first multiplexer and a second multiplexer The frequency signal connection is transmitted to the first multiplexer, is divided into M paths by the first multiplexer, respectively enters the active antenna to receive a calibration loop on the M path of the first board, and obtains the active antenna The characteristics of the N received calibration signals after receiving the calibration loop of the second board and the digital signal connection between the first calibrator and the second calibrator are passed through the active antenna on the first board Receiving the characteristics of the M received calibration signals after the calibration loop, and comparing the M+N feature difference values between the features of the M+N received calibration signals and the features of the original received calibration signals.

6. The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein if K is equal to 2, the first calibrator is connected to the second calibrator by a digital signal, and the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer have a radio frequency signal Connection

The M-baseband processing module is disposed on the first board, and is further configured to sequentially issue an M-channel original transmission calibration signal at a predetermined delay interval, and the original transmission calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmission channel according to the signal transmission direction;

The N-channel baseband processing module is disposed on the second board, and is further configured to sequentially send N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals, and the original transmission calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmission channel according to the signal transmission direction;

a first calibrator, configured to receive an M-channel transmit calibration signal after the transmit calibration loop of the first single-board through the active antenna, and to pass the RF between the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer The N-channel transmission calibration signal transmitted by the signal connection after the transmission calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board is compared with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel to obtain M+N The characteristic difference value, M≥2, N≥2; wherein the value of M is the number of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna in the first board, and the value of N is the number of the active antenna in the second board The number of all launch channels;

a second calibrator, specifically configured to receive an N-channel emission calibration signal after the transmit calibration loop of the second antenna through the active antenna, and to pass the RF between the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer M transmitted by the signal connection after passing the active antenna on the first board's transmission calibration loop The road transmits a calibration signal and compares it with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel to obtain M+N characteristic difference values.

The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feature difference calculation unit is a first feature difference calculation unit for P one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all calibration loops that the calibration signal passes. Using a matrix operation of the array to obtain characteristic difference values of the receiving and/or transmitting channels of each transceiver unit disposed on each of the boards relative to the reference receiving and/or transmitting channels, respectively, wherein the one-dimensional array representation The characteristic of each component that the signal is transmitted in the corresponding calibration loop, the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal passing through the calibration loop and the original calibration signal.

8. The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein the multiplexer comprises a switch matrix, a power split combiner, a duplexer, or any combination of the above.

9. The active antenna according to claim 1, wherein if the calibrator has a master-slave, the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with one of the calibrators as an integrated master calibrator; or The feature difference calculation unit is integrated with one of the baseband processing modules as an integrated module.

10. A calibration method, characterized in that it is applied to include correspondingly set in the first to the first

The first to Kth transceiver unit arrays on the K board, the corresponding first to Kth multiplexers, and the active antennas of the corresponding first to Kth calibrators, K is a positive integer greater than or equal to two, The method includes:

P characteristic difference values between P calibration signals and original calibration signals after all calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to Kth boards are obtained by the first to Kth calibrators, wherein P The value is the number of all transceiver units of the first to the κ transceiver unit arrays; the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal according to each calibration loop passing through the active antenna Correlating with the characteristics of each calibration loop, and P characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, calculating a receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna And/or feature difference values of the transmit channel relative to the reference receive channel and/or the transmit channel, respectively; Feature information is compensated for the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.

The calibration method according to claim 10, wherein if the calibration signal is a reception calibration signal, the method further comprises:

An original receiving calibration signal is sent by each calibrator, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into multiple channels by the active antenna in the multiplexer of the board, and respectively enters the receiving and calibrating of the active antenna on the board. a loop; and the original received calibration signal is passed through an electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer to other multiplexers other than the multiplexer of the κ multiplexer, through each of the other multiplexers Divided into multiple paths, respectively entering the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on each of the other boards; and obtaining P after passing through all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to Kth boards P characteristic difference values between the calibration signal and the original received calibration signal, including:

Receiving P receiving calibration signals after all receiving calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the κ boards, and comparing P features between the P receiving calibration signals and the original receiving calibration signals Difference value.

The calibration method according to claim 10, wherein if the calibration signal is a transmission calibration signal, the method further comprises:

The original transmit calibration signal is sequentially sent by each baseband processing module at a predetermined delay interval, and the original transmit calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmit channel according to the signal transmission direction;

And obtaining P characteristic difference values between the P transmit calibration signals and the original transmit calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the Kth boards, including:

Receiving an I-channel calibration calibration signal after the active antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the board, where the value of I is the number of all the transmission channels of the active antenna on the board, and the receiving and multiplexing are performed. The (PI) path transmitted by the electromagnetic connection between the device and the multiplexer transmits a calibration signal and is compared with the P-channel original transmission calibration signal to obtain P characteristic difference values.

The calibration method according to claim 10, wherein the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal according to each calibration loop passing through the active antenna is Correlating the relationship between the features of each calibration loop, and the P feature difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, calculating the receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna and And / or the characteristic difference value of the transmitting channel relative to the reference receiving channel and the transmitting channel respectively, including: P one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all calibration loops that pass through the calibration signal, and matrix operations using the array are set in each single a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit on the board with respect to a reference receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel, wherein the one-dimensional array represents a signal transmission in a corresponding calibration loop The characteristics of each component, the difference in characteristics between the calibration signal passing through the calibration loop and the original calibration signal.

The calibration method according to claim 10, wherein the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel are respectively receiving channels of any transceiver unit included in the first to Kth transceiver unit arrays and/or Or launch channel.

The calibration method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the feature is used to represent amplitude, phase, and delay.