WO2010117299A1

WO2010117299A1 - Method and device for converting the inherent energy of the environment

Info

Publication number: WO2010117299A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000690
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Александрович КАЧАНОВ
Original assignee: Katchanov Sergey Aleksandrovitch
Priority date: 2009-04-10
Filing date: 2009-12-15
Publication date: 2010-10-14
Also published as: RU2009113470A

Abstract

The invention relates to the conversion of environmental heat energy into mechanical energy using a working medium in the form of a gas. The method for converting inherent environmental energy into mechanical energy is carried out with the aid of a closed circuit consisting of a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a compressor and a turbine. The method involves feeding a working medium to the compressor, then feeding the compressed working medium to the heat exchanger, where the medium is heated by energy extracted from a hotter gas which is supplied from the heat pump, then feeding the working medium to the turbine and returning the gas to the heat pump; furthermore, the gas is heated in the heat pump by energy taken from the environment, wherein the compressor and the heat pump are driven by the turbine and the residual energy is supplied to an external source of energy consumption. Methods in which the heat pump is driven and the residual energy is supplied to an external source of energy consumption via a generator, and a method in which the compressor is driven by a generator and an electric motor are also disclosed. A device for carrying out the above method, comprising a compressor, a heat exchanger connected to the compressor, a turbine connected to the compressor, the heat exchanger and an external source of energy consumption, and a heat pump connected to the turbine on one side and, by viaducts, to the heat exchanger on the other side, is also disclosed. Devices additionally comprising an electric generator and an electric motor are also disclosed.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF INTERNAL ENERGY OF THE ENVIRONMENT

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the field of converting environmental thermal energy into mechanical energy using a working medium, in the form of a gas, in particular for the purpose of generating electrical energy.

State of the art

The present invention relates to the field of conversion of thermal energy of the environment into mechanical energy, in particular with the aim of generating an electric process that causes the greatest difficulties in terms of efficiency. In this process, heat is transferred to the working fluid, which is exposed in the reverse cycle to temperature, pressure and volume. It is known that the Carnot cycle is an ideal regenerative cycle, however, a number of other generally accepted cycles can be used, in particular the Rankin cycle, as well as the Atkinson, Erickson, Brighton, Diesel, and Lenoyr cycles. When using any of these cycles, the working fluid in gaseous form is supplied to the device for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, which can be either a turbine or a large number of other types of heat engines. In each case, when the working fluid performs useful mechanical work, the volume of the fluid increases, and its temperature and pressure decrease. The remainder of the cycle relates to an increase in temperature and pressure of the working fluid so that it can further perform useful mechanical work.

Since the working fluid is an important element of the cycle for performing useful work, a number of processes are known in which the working fluid is modified in order to increase the useful work of the process.

So, there is a known method of converting thermal energy of the environment into mechanical energy (RF application N ² 2005100007), which consists in the fact that the working medium of an external heating thermal machine is heated by the heat of the environment, the working medium is delivered through the channels of the segner wheels having a radial component of their direction, to Segnerov nozzles wheels, and the Segner wheel has the ability to rotate around its own axis and is associated with a consumer of mechanical rotational energy. The Segner wheel is a jet engine based on the reactive action of leaking water, or a hydraulic turbine. A wheel without a rim located in a horizontal plane, in which the spokes are replaced by channels with bent ends so that the water flowing out of them drives the Segner wheel into rotation. Then, the working medium is passed through the nozzles of the Segner wheel, the medium is boiled intensively and the medium is evaporated from the external cavity of the nozzles, thereby providing jet thrust to create torque on the rim of the Segner wheel. In a sealed turbine casing, a low pressure is maintained, where the working medium evaporates from the nozzle cavity, the working medium is pumped out from the sealed turbine casing and sent to heat it by the heat of the environment.

A known method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy and a device for its implementation (RF patent N ^a 21 14999).

A method including communicating the working fluid in the tank with sufficient heat energy to transfer the working fluid from the liquid phase to vapor, adding gas to the working fluid placed in the tank whose molecular weight does not exceed the molecular weight of the working fluid. Then the working fluid in vapor form is fed into the device for converting energy into mechanical work with the expansion of the working fluid and lowering the temperature. Then, gas is extracted from the expanded and cooled working fluid, and the expanded and cooled liquid and the released gas are cyclically returned to the reservoir. In this case, the communication of thermal energy of the working fluid with the addition of gas, the molecular mass of which does not exceed the molecular weight of the working fluid, is carried out from the device for heating the working fluid to bring it into the vapor phase. As the working fluid, water is used. The gas used is hydrogen or helium. The working fluid is supplied to the specified device for converting energy at a temperature and pressure close to its critical values.

According to the above patent, a device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, comprising a reservoir for the working fluid in communication with the gas source, a device for expanding the working fluid in the vapor phase and converting part of the energy into mechanical work, a device for cooling and condensing the expanded working fluid in the vapor phase and separating the gas from the cooled, condensed working fluid, a device for returning the cooled condensed working fluid in the tank. In the above device, the reservoir is equipped with a device for heating the working fluid before bringing it into the vapor phase. The tank with a device for heating the working fluid is made in the form of a boiler. The device further comprises means for returning the separated gas to the tank.

A known method of obtaining and converting the energy of the working medium into mechanical work and a device for its implementation. (RF patent N ² 2285144).

The method consists in converting the expansion energy of a two-component working medium into useful work, wherein the gaseous component is initially compressed separately from the liquid. Then, the liquid component is injected into the compressed gaseous component, the liquid component being preheated to a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature of the compressed gaseous component. The resulting two-component medium is expanded to produce mechanical energy. The injection of the liquid component is carried out into the mixing chamber, in which the gaseous and liquid components are uniformly mixed. And then, through the resulting two-component medium, an electric discharge is produced with a power that ensures the vaporization of the liquid component of the medium and the destruction of the molecules of the working medium with the formation of plasma, which leads to an increase in the energy of the working medium. As a liquid component, water is used. However, to obtain thermal energy, the internal energy of a single-component working medium is not used, as in the present invention. The use of a two-component medium leads to an increase in the stages of energy conversion, namely, an additional step is the mixing of gas and liquid; transmission of an electric discharge requires a certain power in order to vaporize, which is difficult. In this situation, it is very difficult to determine the power value that is needed for vaporization. In this regard, there is a complication of the design of the device described below (according to patent N ² 2285144), i.e. the increase in the complexity of manufacturing the device.

According to the above patent, a device for receiving and converting the energy of the working medium into mechanical work is proposed. The device includes a piston compression-expansion machine, in the upper part of the cylinder of which inlet and outlet valves are installed for passing the working medium and a nozzle for supplying the liquid component, an autonomous heat source, a heating and supply system for the liquid component, a processing and supply system for the gaseous component. The device is equipped with a mixing chamber, into which electrodes are introduced through insulating sleeves, connected by electric circuits to an electric energy generator. In this case, the nozzle for supplying the liquid component is located in the upper part of the mixing chamber between the electrodes, and the mixing chamber is connected to the upper end part of the cylinder by a transition channel.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention on the basis of the proposed method for converting the internal energy of the environment into mechanical energy and devices for implementing this method with its variants is to increase the efficiency of the process of energy extraction from the environment associated with an increase in free power, busy supporting the process that the claimed device can provide to external sources of energy consumption, the simplicity of the design of the device for I am implementing the method and solving environmental issues of the proposed device.

To achieve this technical result, a method is proposed for converting the internal energy of the environment into mechanical energy by means of a closed circuit consisting of a heat pump, heat exchanger, compressor and turbine, in which the working medium is first supplied to the compressor, then the working medium is supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger, where it can be heated with the extraction of energy from a hotter gas, which can be supplied from the heat pump, after which the working medium can be fed into the turbine, and the gas can be returned to heat howling pump, with gas in the heat pump can be heated to take energy from the environment, and the compressor and heat pump can be driven from the turbine with the supply of residual energy to an external source of energy consumption. In the method, air can be used as the working medium.

In the above method, freon may be used as the gas. A method is proposed for converting the internal energy of the environment into mechanical energy, in which the heat pump can be driven through an electric generator. The method according to the invention, in which the supply of residual energy to an external source of energy consumption can be carried out through an electric generator.

According to the invention, a method is provided in which the compressor can be driven through an electric generator and an electric motor. The present invention also provides a device for converting internal environmental energy into mechanical energy, including a compressor, a heat exchanger associated with a compressor, a turbine associated with a compressor, a heat exchanger and an external source of energy consumption, and a heat pump connected on one side to the turbine, and on the other hand, connected via overpasses to a heat exchanger.

A device is proposed that includes an electric generator connected to a turbine and a heat pump.

Also provided is a device for implementing the method in which the generator can be connected to an external source of energy consumption.

A device including an electric motor connected to an electric generator on the one hand and a compressor on the other hand is also proposed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a device for converting the internal energy of the environment into mechanical energy.

In FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 shows variants of the device depicted in FIG. one. The best embodiment of the invention

The proposed method of converting the internal energy of the environment into mechanical energy is implemented in the device described below and its variants. A device for converting internal environmental energy into mechanical energy (Fig. 1) consists of a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a heat pump 3 operating in the reverse Carnot cycle, a turbine 4, an external source of energy consumption 5.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows. The working medium (gas 1) enters the compressor 1, from where it is supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger 2. In the heat exchanger 2, the working medium (gas 1) is heated, taking energy from the hotter gas 2 entering the heat exchanger 2 from the heat pump 3. The advantages of the heat pump in the first place should be attributed to profitability, since to extract thermal energy from the environment it needs to spend a small amount of energy. In addition, the heat pump 3 does not burn fuel and does not produce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, i.e. is an environmentally friendly device. From the heat exchanger 2, the working medium (gas 1) enters the turbine 4, and the gas 2 returns to the heat pump 3. In the turbine 4, the working medium (gas 1) performs mechanical work, driving its wheel (not shown). In heat pump 3, gas 2 heats up, drawing energy from the environment. The turbine 4 drives the compressor 1, the heat pump 3 and delivers the residual energy to an external energy source 5.

An embodiment of a device for converting internal environmental energy into mechanical energy is shown in FIG. 2. The device consists of a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a heat pump 3 operating in the reverse Carnot cycle, a turbine 4, an external energy source 5 and an electric generator 6.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows. The working medium (gas 1) enters the compressor 1, from where it is supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger 2. In the heat exchanger 2, the working medium (gas 1) is heated, taking energy from the hotter gas 2 entering the heat exchanger 2 from the heat pump 3. From the heat exchanger 2, the working medium (gas 1) enters turbine 4, and gas 2 returns to heat pump 3. In turbine 4, the working medium (gas 1) performs mechanical work, setting in motion its wheel (not shown). In heat pump 3, gas 2 heats up, drawing energy from the environment. The turbine 4 drives the compressor 1 and supplies the residual energy to an external source of energy consumption 5. The heat pump 3 is driven from the turbine 4 through an electric generator 6. Air from the environment with a temperature T ₁ enters the compressor.

From the compressor wheel at a speed and approximately equal to the peripheral speed of the wheel, air enters the diffuser, where it slows down, while its temperature and pressure increase.

The air velocity at the inlet to the diffuser is calculated by the formula: u = 2V * R ^* ω (1), where, and - wheel peripheral speed, m / s; R is the radius of the wheel, m; ω - wheel speed, s ^"1 ;

The temperature of the inhibited air flow at the outlet of the compressor diffuser is calculated by the formula:

T ₂ = T ₁ * (1 + 0.2 * M ² ) (2), where,

T ₁ - air temperature at the entrance to the nozzle apparatus, K; T ₂ - air temperature at the exit of the nozzle apparatus, K; M - Mach number equal to and / or _sound

Energy costs for air compression are calculated by a simplified method, according to the formula:

Where,

L ^ _UD - specific work of compression, J / kg; k is the gas adiabatic exponent; R is the gas constant, J / (kg-K); ΔT _to - change in air temperature in the compressor (T ₂ - T ₁ ), K

The power taken from the shaft by the compressor for air compression, calculated by the formula:

_{Nk =} L≡lZ, (4)

Where,

N _x - power taken by the compressor, W;

1- _kyd - specific work of compression, J / kg; G - mass air flow through the compressor, kg / s; η is the efficiency of the compressor.

From the compressor diffuser, air (gas 1) with a temperature T ₂ enters the heat exchanger, where it is heated at constant pressure. The air pressure in the heat exchanger does not increase, since the internal space of the heat exchanger communicates with the environment through the nozzle apparatus and the turbine wheel. In another cavity of the heat exchanger freon 410 (gas 2) is supplied from the heat pump, with a temperature of T ₅ .

The air temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger is calculated by the formula:

Where,

T ₃ - air temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger, K; T _{2 -} air temperature at the inlet to the heat exchanger, K; N _{tn t} - heat power of the heat pump, W; C _{p is the} heat capacity of air at constant pressure, J / (kg-K); G - mass air flow through the heat exchanger, kg / s; η _to - the efficiency of the heat exchanger. Heated to a temperature of T ₃ from the heat exchanger through the nozzle apparatus of the turbine enters the turbine blades, where, performing mechanical work, it is cooled to T ₄ , almost equal to T ₁ , and then goes into the atmosphere. The turbine power, regardless of design, is calculated by the formula:

L, yд = Cp * ΔT _t , (6) where,

L ₁ - _Ud - specific work of the turbine, J / kg; c _{p is the} heat capacity of air at constant pressure, J / (kg-K); ΔT _T is the temperature change in the turbine (T ₃ - T ₄ ), K The power developed by the turbine, for a given air flow rate and turbine efficiency, is calculated by the formula: N ₁ = Tsad * G ^* η, (7) where,

N ₁ - - turbine power, W; L- ^ _d - specific work of gas, J / kg; G - mass air flow through the compressor, kg / s; η is the turbine efficiency;

The power supplied to the generator is calculated by the formula:

N _g = N ₇ - N _k , (8) where,

N _t - turbine power, W; N _to - power taken by the compressor, W;

The net power that the generator can give to an external source of energy consumption is calculated by the formula: m g useful = m g * l '- N tn e ¹ (>I)' where, N _g is the power supplied to the shaft of the generator, W η is the coefficient of useful generator actions;

N _to - electric power consumed by the heat pump in heating mode, watts.

As an example, let us calculate the useful power that the generator can give to external sources of energy consumption, taking into account the fact that gas 1 is air, gas 2 is freon 410, air is compressed by a compressor, an axial single-stage turbine is used to drive the compressor and generator, the pump model FTXR28EV1 B "URURA SARARA" of the company "DAIKIN" is used with the technical characteristics: heat power of the heat pump - 3600 W; electrical power consumed by the heat pump in heating mode - 700 watts. First, we calculate the air velocity at the inlet to the diffuser according to the formula (1), where, R = 0, 1 m, ω = 150 s ^"1 , we get: u = 2 * 3, 14 * 0, 1 m * 150 s ^{' 1} = 94.2 m / s

Then, the temperature of the inhibited air flow at the outlet of the compressor diffuser at T ₁ = 283 K (air temperature from the environment) is calculated by the formula (2), we obtain:

T ₂ = 283 K * (1 + 0.2 * (94.2 m / s / 337 m / s) ² ) = 287.4 K The energy consumption for air compression is calculated by the formula (3), where ΔT _k = ( T ₂ - T ₁ ) = 287.4 - 283 = 4.4 K, we get: L ^ = 1005 J / (K kg) * 4.4 K = 4422 J / kg

Next, the power taken from the shaft by the compressor for air compression, for a given air flow rate G = 0.2 kg / s and compressor efficiency η = 80%, we calculate by formula (4), we obtain:

N _W = (4422 J / kg * 0.2 kg / s) / 0.8 = 1 105.5 W The air temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger is calculated by the formula (5), where N _tn = 3600 W (according to technical specifications manufacturer), the efficiency of the heat exchanger is taken η ₁₀ = 60%, c _p is the heat capacity of air at constant pressure = 1004 J / (kg ^• K), air consumption G = 0.2 kg / s, we get: T ₃ = 287, 4 K + (3600 W / (1004 J / kg ^• K * 0.2 kg / s) * 0.6) = 298.2 K

The turbine power is calculated by the formula (6), where ΔT _T = (T ₃ - T ₄ ), and T ₄ = T ₁ , we obtain:

L ^ = 1005 J / (K ^• kg) * (298, 2K - 283K) = 15276 J / kg The power developed by the turbine at a given air flow rate G = 0.2 kg / s and the turbine efficiency η = 80% are calculated by formula (7), we obtain:

N _t = 15276 J / kg * 0.2 kg / s * 0.8 = 2444.2 W

The power supplied to the generator is calculated by the formula (8), we obtain:

N _g = 2444.2 W -1 105.5 W = 1338.7 W The usable power that the generator can give an external source of energy consumption, when the generator efficiency is η - 90%, we calculate by the formula (9), we obtain:

N _{A N} N _{r reached} = 0.9 * 1338.7 W - W = 700 W 504.83 Another embodiment of the device is shown in FIG. 3. The device consists of a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a heat pump 3 operating in the reverse Carnot cycle, a turbine 4, an external energy source 5 and an electric generator 6. The principle of operation of the device is as follows. The working medium (gas 1) enters the compressor 1, from where it is supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger 2. In the heat exchanger 2, the working medium (gas 1) is heated, taking energy from the hotter gas 2 entering the heat exchanger 2 from the heat pump 3. From the heat exchanger 2, the working the medium (gas 1) enters the turbine 4, and the gas 2 returns to the heat pump 3. In the turbine 4, the working medium (gas 1) performs mechanical work, driving its wheel (not shown). In heat pump 3, gas 2 heats up, drawing energy from the environment. The turbine 4 drives the compressor 1, the generator 6 and gives part of the energy to an external source of energy consumption 5. The generator 6 feeds the heat pump 3 and gives a part of the energy to an external source of energy 5.

An embodiment of a device for converting internal environmental energy into mechanical energy is shown in FIG. 4. The device consists of a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a heat pump 3 operating in the reverse Carnot cycle, a turbine 4, an external source of energy consumption 5, an electric generator 6 and an electric motor 7.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows. The working medium (gas 1) enters the compressor 1, from where it is supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger 2. In the heat exchanger 2, the working medium (gas 1) is heated, taking energy from the hotter gas 2 entering the heat exchanger 2 from the heat pump 3. From the heat exchanger 2, the working the medium (gas 1) enters the turbine 4, and the gas 2 returns to the heat pump 3. In the turbine 4, the working medium (gas 1) performs mechanical work, driving its wheel (not shown). In heat pump 3, gas 2 heats up, drawing energy from the environment. The compressor 1 is driven from the turbine 4 through the electric generator 6 and the electric motor 7. The turbine 4 gives part of the energy to the external energy consumption source 5. The electric generator 6 supplies the external energy consumption source 5 and the heat pump 3.

Claims

Claim

1. A method of converting the internal energy of the environment into mechanical energy by means of a closed circuit consisting of a heat pump, heat exchanger, compressor and turbine, in which the working medium is first supplied to the compressor, then the working medium is supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger, where it is heated with energy extraction from hotter gas, which is supplied from the heat pump, after which the working medium is supplied to the turbine, and the gas is returned to the heat pump, while the gas in the heat pump is heated with the extraction of energy from the environment, and the compressor and heat pump are driven from the turbine with the supply of residual energy to an external source of energy consumption.

2. The method according to p. 1, in which air is used as the working medium.

3. The method according to p. 1, in which freon is used as the gas.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat pump is driven through an electric generator.

5. The method according to p. 4, in which the supply of residual energy to an external source of energy consumption is carried out through an electric generator.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compressor is driven through an electric generator and an electric motor.

7. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a compressor, a heat exchanger associated with the compressor, a turbine associated with a compressor, a heat exchanger and an external source of energy consumption, and a heat pump connected on one side to the turbine, and on the other hand, connected through overpasses with a heat exchanger.

8. The device according to claim 7, comprising an electric generator associated with a turbine and a heat pump.

9. The device according to claim 8, in which the electric generator is connected to an external source of energy consumption.

10. The device according to claim 8, comprising an electric motor connected to an electric generator on the one hand and a compressor on the other.