WO2010116004A1 - Dispositif de caracterisation de la nature d'un flux aerodynamique le long d'une paroi et boucle de controle d'un profil de la paroi - Google Patents
Dispositif de caracterisation de la nature d'un flux aerodynamique le long d'une paroi et boucle de controle d'un profil de la paroi Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010116004A1 WO2010116004A1 PCT/EP2010/054775 EP2010054775W WO2010116004A1 WO 2010116004 A1 WO2010116004 A1 WO 2010116004A1 EP 2010054775 W EP2010054775 W EP 2010054775W WO 2010116004 A1 WO2010116004 A1 WO 2010116004A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- optical fiber
- nodes
- node
- heating element
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D43/00—Arrangements or adaptations of instruments
- B64D43/02—Arrangements or adaptations of instruments for indicating aircraft speed or stalling conditions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for characterizing the nature of an aerodynamic flow along a wall and a control loop of a profile of the wall.
- the invention finds particular utility for the characterization of the aerodynamic flow at the surface of an aircraft cell, in particular the wings of an aircraft.
- Knowledge of the zones where the flow is laminar, then turbulent, zones of transition towards air thread separation, and other characteristics such as shock waves are important parameters for the piloting of the aircraft.
- a characterization device according to the invention is advantageously integrated in a control loop of these phenomena, with actuators for modifying the profile of the wall.
- the actuators are arranged to act on the characteristics measured by the characterization device, so as to optimize the characteristics of the aircraft.
- the entire control and control loop of the actuators will control certain aerodynamic or aeroelastic phenomena in the direction of protection of the aircraft, less structural fatigue, and a saving of fuel.
- this control loop is itself integrated in a wider loop integrating inertial motion measurements.
- Certain phenomena deserve to be essentially identified by their spatial distribution such as the nature of the flow, for example laminar on one part of the wing and turbulent on another part.
- the action on the actuators then makes it possible to make the flow as laminar as possible, which reduces the drag.
- a characterization device makes it possible to detect a boundary layer detachment, and thus to actuate devices to counter this detachment.
- a characterization device also makes it possible to identify and locate the recompression shock wave phenomena at the supersonic-subsonic transition.
- the invention finds another utility for the characterization of the aerodynamic flow along a boat sail to propel it.
- the sails are cut to present a hollow profile. It is known to adjust the profile of the sails, in particular by modifying the trough by acting on the halyard tension enabling the sails to be swayed.
- the nature of the flow of air along the sails can be visualized by means of penons arranged on the sail both on the intrados and on the extrados. They are strands, for example wool, intended to follow the flow. In laminar flow, these strands remain glued to the sail and in turbulent flow these strands wave.
- the crew of the boat monitors these pins and adjusts the profile of the sails to obtain the most laminar flow possible to limit the drag.
- the function of the penons is the same, in a simplified way, as that of the invention: to know the nature of the flow in places of interest, so as to act on this flow.
- shear sensors well known in the British literature under the name “shear-stress sensors” have been used to measure the speed of an aerodynamic flow along a wall.
- These sensors use, for example, the heat transfer between a heating element located on the wall and the aerodynamic flow.
- the temperature of this heating element is controlled and the power dissipated by the heating element to obtain the set temperature is representative of the speed of the flow of the aerodynamic flow along the wall. Indeed, the higher the speed of the aerodynamic flow, the more the wall is cooled by the aerodynamic flow and therefore more the heating power necessary to reach the set temperature is important.
- the heating element must be thermally decoupled from the material of the wall itself, in order to preserve the bandwidth of the measurement.
- the element In order to transfer heat energy, the element is heated to a temperature that is generally regulated to a stable value greater than that of the aerodynamic flow. Heating power is usually provided by Joule effect.
- the temperature regulation is generally ensured by a measurement of the temperature, either by a thermosensitive element separated from the heating element, or by the resistance of the heating element itself, which varies as a function of temperature.
- a regulating device acts either on the supply voltage of the heating element or on the duty cycle of a fixed voltage modulation.
- the thermal power transferred from the aerodynamic flow to the element is directly proportional to the electrical power supplied to the heating element.
- the thermal decoupling of the heating element from the wall is important so that the cooling of the heating element is predominantly effected by the aerodynamic flow and to a lesser extent by the wall itself.
- This principle can be found in hot-wire sensors, in hot-film sensors and in sensors made from a micro-machined hot-diaphragm structure.
- Hot wire devices are very insufficiently robust to be arranged on a wing in series. In addition they are very sensitive to particulate deposits, especially water. Finally, their integration into the skin of an aircraft wing while preserving the industrial simplicity of manufacture is not resolved. Hot film devices have the same disadvantages of robustness. In addition, the presence of electrical signals outside the aircraft poses the unresolved problem of electrical and radio-electric susceptibility, particularly with respect to lightning.
- Micro-machined hot-diaphragm devices do not impose any protuberance. Nevertheless, radio susceptibility and cost integration of multiple sensors in the skin of the aircraft are not resolved.
- shear sensors that do not rely on variations in heat transfer, but on pressure variations. This principle is found in the traditional pressure sensors, with communication with the outside through a hole in the skin of the aircraft, and distributed surface pressure sensors, generally piezoelectric, in the form of a film containing a multitude of sensors.
- sensors for measuring velocity or flow of a fluid flowing in a pipe or along a wall There are also many sensors for measuring velocity or flow of a fluid flowing in a pipe or along a wall.
- the invention aims to overcome the defects of the devices described above by proposing a complete characterization device of the nature of an aerodynamic flow, ie not only allowing the location of places where the flow is laminar, turbulent, and transition zones but also allowing the identification of dynamic phenomena in the vicinity of the wall.
- the invention also aims to sufficiently decouple the measurement of the thermal, mechanical, acoustic, electromagnetic and light environment, to facilitate the manufacture of the characterization device and its integration in a reception wall.
- the object of the invention is to make the characterization device robust to the chosen environment and to obtain a minimum maintenance cost.
- the subject of the invention is a device for characterizing the nature of an aerodynamic flow along a wall, characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of optical nodes that are sensitive to temperature and distributed over the along an optical fiber, each node comprising a wall heating element and an element sensitive to the temperature of the wall,
- a generator supplying the heating element of each of the nodes
- And processing means for: determining, for each node, variations in speed of the aerodynamic flow as a function of the power emitted by the generator for supplying the heating element and a temperature measured by the sensitive element; to differentiate temporal and spatial characteristics of flux velocity variations at different nodes and o to compare temporal and spatial characteristics with predefined models.
- the sensitivity to temperature and temperature variations of the class of fiber optic sensors is taken advantage of. It also benefits from the ability of this technology to have several sensor zones delimited along the same fiber.
- the device which measures a heat transfer, and not just a temperature, allows a decoupling with respect to the thermal environment of each node; the device being optimized for thermal measurement.
- the device does not include an elongation amplifier such as optical pressure sensors. It is very insensitive to pressure and pressure vibrations. Since the device is completely optical, it has no electromagnetic sensitivity to radio frequencies. The device using the laser principle, it is not sensitive to the optical environment.
- the invention is characterized by its means for measuring rapid temperature variations, which represent rapid variations in the thermal flux between the wall and the moving aerodynamic flow, which finally represent the rapid variations in speed. aerodynamic flow at the extreme proximity of the wall, ie at the base of the boundary layer, and by the process of processing the information of rapid variations, so as to deliver information of nature of the flow and location where appropriate transitions between the different flow modes.
- known optical sensors are not intended for this object, because of a bandwidth and inadequate signal processing.
- the optical fiber along which the nodes are positioned on certain semi-rigid elements of the sails such as slats usually used to stiffen the sails.
- the invention also relates to a control loop of a profile of the wall, characterized in that it comprises a device for characterizing the nature of an aerodynamic flow along a wall according to the invention and to the minus an actuator making it possible to modify the profile of the wall as a function of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the variations of speed of the flux at the level of the different nodes so as to modify these variations.
- the heating element comprises an optical fiber driving a light radiation towards the wall to heat it and the sensitive element comprises an optical fiber which integrates a Bragg grating capable of altering a radiation led by the optical fiber of the light. sensitive element, the alteration being a function of the temperature of the wall.
- the fact of implementing optical fibers, both for the heating of the node and for the measurement of temperature makes it possible to overcome all electrical information and thus improve the robustness of the node vis-à-vis the environment electromagnetic.
- the system can also be characterized in that a single optical fiber conducts the luminous flux for heating the walls of the various nodes and in that the optical fiber common to the various heating elements is curved at each sensor, the curvature allowing distribute part of the luminous flux to each node.
- the heating system can also be achieved by doping the localized fiber at the location where it is desired to dissipate heat, so as to absorb infrared radiation emitted at one end, in known manner.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a characterization device according to the invention, the device comprising a plurality of optical nodes distributed along an optical fiber
- FIG. 2 schematically represents an example of an optical node according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents an example of a sensitive element belonging to an optical node according to the invention
- FIG. 4 represents a system comprising several nodes.
- FIG. 5 represents in the form of a timing diagram an example of power modulation supplying a heating element of the node as well as examples of temperature measurements taken by the sensitive element of the node;
- Figure 6 shows in section in a vertical plane an aircraft wing comprising actuators for modifying the profile of the wall of the wing;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an aircraft wing comprising a plurality of fluidic actuators.
- the same elements will bear the same references in the different figures.
- FIG. 1 represents a characterization device 1 disposed on the extrados 2 of a wing 3 of an airplane. It is of course possible to set up the characterization device 1 on the lower surface 4 of the wing 3, or in another location of interest, such as a fuselage surface area bearing surface, or around an engine nacelle, or the empennage itself.
- the device 1 comprises an optical fiber 5 along which optical nodes 6 are arranged.
- the optical fiber is placed on the extrados 2 forming a wall along which it is desired to characterize the aerodynamic flow circulating therein.
- the optical fiber 5 is placed on the wall 2 substantially in a planned path of an air stream 7 of the aerodynamic flow.
- This embodiment is well adapted to a wall made of composite material.
- the optical fiber 5 is embedded in the wall 2 and the optical nodes 6 are flush with the surface of the wall 2.
- the device also comprises a computer 8 for carrying out the characterization based on information received by each of the optical nodes 6.
- the computer is for example disposed inside the fuselage of the aircraft.
- the computer 8 determines variations in speed of the aerodynamic flow locally at each optical node 6.
- Velocity variations are compared with predefined thresholds to characterize the flow.
- the thresholds are for example defined in the wind tunnel and then refined during flight tests.
- the processing means 8 compare the flow rates measured by the different nodes 6, so as to differentiate the average amplitude and the amplitude of the speed variations, which may be termed velocity noise, of a first group N1 of nodes 6 with a second group N2 of nodes 6 with respect to predetermined difference thresholds of amplitude average and speed variation.
- the processing means 8 determine a transition zone located between the two groups N1 and N2. It has been found that the transition zone between the two regimes, laminar and turbulent, is particularly disturbed and produces greater velocity variations than in zones where the regimes are established in a laminar gradient. Determining the speed variations, or noise on the velocities, and not only the average velocities allows to identify well said laminar and turbulent zones and the transition zone.
- the processing means 8 compare the flow rates measured by the different nodes 6, in a spectrum ranging from DC to a given frequency, to known spectrum signals.
- the comparison spectrum may for example extend to a frequency of the order of 1 to 10 kHz.
- the frequency band depends in practice on the number of Reynolds and other parameters specific to each application, from a few Hertz to several kilohertz. This frequency analysis makes it possible to easily identify characteristic signals of laminar, turbulent, unstuck and transition zone flows between laminar, turbulent and unstuck flows.
- the known spectrum signals are defined by flight tests.
- Frequency analysis can also be used to identify characteristic signals of recompression shock wave phenomena at the supersonic-subsonic transition and / or signals characteristic of buffeting and flutter phenomena.
- Figure 2 shows a solid body 10 along which flows the aerodynamic flow.
- the flow direction of the aerodynamic flow along the body 10 is represented by an arrow 11 forming the direction of the air flow 7.
- the principle of speed measurement is that of a thermal shear sensor as mentioned above.
- the node 6 comprises a heating element 13 for heating the wall 2 of the body 10.
- the aerodynamic flow tends to cool the wall 2 by convection.
- the knot 6 also comprises a member sensitive to the temperature of the wall 2.
- nodes 6 can be placed on the extrados 2 between the leading edge and the trailing edge in order to know the nature (laminar or turbulent) flow along the wing. Indeed, a laminar flow of air induces less friction drag. Moreover, the thermal flow dissipated by convection of the wing towards the air is related to the speed of the air in the immediate vicinity of the wing, that is to say within the boundary layer of the airfoil. air flow along the wall 2. The convection is much larger in turbulent regime than in laminar regime. Such a node thus makes it possible to determine the nature of the regime of the air flow and of course the node 6 makes it possible to detect a possible transition between the two regimes. The transition between the regimes and the regimes themselves is discernible not only by comparing the value of the heat transfer in its DC component, but also by the dynamic characteristics of the signal representing the instantaneous value of the heat transfer.
- a cavity 16 has been made in the solid element 10 closed by a skin 17 forming the wall 2 at the node 6.
- the skin 17 is thin so as to limit the heat capacity of the body 10 locally at the node 6.
- the skin 17 and the body 10 are in fact part of a coating of composite material, working or not.
- the heating element 13 comprises an optical fiber 18 leading a luminous flux towards the wall 2 to heat it.
- the sensitive element 15 of each node 6 comprises a Bragg grating capable of altering radiation led by the optical fiber 5, the alteration being a function of the temperature of the wall 2. More specifically, the fact of introducing a Bragg grating in the optical fiber 5 makes it possible to reflect a light radiation led by the latter at a precise wavelength. Temperature variations deform the Bragg grating which leads to a modification of the reflected wavelength. By measuring the wavelength reflected by the Bragg grating, an image of the temperature of the sensitive element 15 is obtained.
- the Bragg grating remains transparent at the other wavelengths, which makes it possible to produce a plurality of sensitive elements on a single surface. same optical fiber 5.
- the optical fiber 18 extends along the wall 2, that is to say parallel to it, embedded in the skin 17.
- the optical fiber 18 comprises an end 20 located in the immediate vicinity of the sensitive element 15.
- the end 20 is disposed substantially in the center of the sensitive element 15.
- Light radiation is conducted by the optical fiber 18 to the end 20. This radiation luminous vehicle sufficient thermal energy to heat the skin 17.
- the wall 2 comprises a material diffusing the light radiation emitted by the optical fiber 18.
- This light radiation is for example infrared. It can be emitted by a laser or a lamp. To diffuse this type of radiation, it is possible, for example, to make the skin 17 made of carbon fiber embedded in an epoxy or carbon resin.
- the optical fiber 18, at its end 20, is substantially perpendicular to the wall 2. The end 20 is for example disposed in the cavity 16 so as to illuminate the skin 17.
- the wall 2 comprises a material transparent to the light radiation emitted by the optical fiber 18.
- the transparent material is covered with the diffusing material at the interface between the wall 2 and the medium in which the aerodynamic flow circulates.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the sensitive element 15 which comprises two Bragg gratings 21 and 22 surrounding a resonant cavity 23 whose resonance wavelength is a function of the temperature of the wall 2.
- the cavity 23 is for example doped with erbium.
- the atoms therein are excited by optical pumping radiation 24.
- the cavity 23 emits laser radiation whose wavelength is a function of the temperature of the sensitive element 15 due to the optical length variation. of the cavity 23 due to the thermal expansion of the materials forming the sensitive element 15.
- This type of sensitive element has was used as a pressure node in a hydrophone as described in an article by David J. HiII et al "Fiber Laser Hydrophone Array" Proc. SPIE vol. 3860, pages 55 to 66 (September 19599)
- the sensitive element 15 is integrated in the optical fiber 5. (This document has been referenced XP003013266 by the European Patent Office.)
- Figure 4 shows the device with several nodes.
- the optical fiber 5 is common to the sensitive elements 15 of the different nodes 6.
- a pump laser 30 emits radiation stimulating the different sensitive elements 15.
- the radiation emitted by each sensitive element 15 is centered around a particular wavelength to to be able to distinguish them.
- An optical isolator 31 makes it possible to recover the radiation emitted by the various sensitive elements in order to determine the temperature of each.
- the optical fiber 18 is illuminated by a light source 32 for example infrared.
- the optical fiber 18 is curved at each node 6. The curvature of the optical fiber 18 makes it possible to diffuse part of the luminous flux emitted by the source 32 to each node 6.
- optical fiber 18 specific to each node 6.
- the optical fibers 18 and 5 are embedded in the skin 17 of each node 6 and more generally in the wall 2 between each node 6.
- the device comprises a generator 32 supplying the heating element 13 according to a setpoint, means for modulating the setpoint at a given frequency and means of demodulating the temperature measured by the sensitive element 15, the demodulation being synchronous with the modulation.
- the sensitive element 15 is at a temperature T as a function of time: T (t).
- the sensitive element 15 is embedded in the skin 17 of heat capacity: C.
- the node 6 has a thermal conductivity function of time: ⁇ (t) with respect to the aerodynamic flow whose heat capacity is considered infinite.
- the heating element 13 provides the node 6 a thermal power function of time: P (t).
- the temperature of the aerodynamic flow is noted: T ⁇ Xt (t).
- Equation (2) B represents a coefficient that can be determined by the boundary conditions.
- T (°°) T ext + - (4)
- the equilibrium temperature ⁇ ( ⁇ ) depends on the temperature of the external medium T ⁇ Xt and the thermal conductivity ⁇ that it is desired to measure. Thus to obtain the thermal conductivity ⁇ , it is necessary to measure the temperature of the external medium.
- P 0 is a mean power defined so that the power P (t) is always positive
- P is the half amplitude of the power P (t)
- ⁇ a pulsation of the power P (t)
- Other types of modulations are of course possible. We can keep a constant puls pulse and choose a waveform different from the sinusoidal shape. It is also possible to vary the pulsation ⁇ in order to improve the robustness of the measurement with respect to external disturbances. This type of pulse variation is known in the English literature as "chirp" for tweeting.
- the generator 32 supplies the heating element
- the instantaneous velocity of the aerodynamic flow can be determined from the amplitude of the demodulated instantaneous temperature T (t). For example, an empirical correspondence is established between the amplitude of the thermal variations and the variations in the speed of the aerodynamic flow.
- phase shift measurement has the advantage of being independent of the amplitude of the modulation of the heating power making the measurement even more robust.
- the variations in speed of the aerodynamic flow can be determined from changes in the phase shift of the demodulated instantaneous temperature T (t) with respect to the power-modulated reference P (t). In this variant, it is also possible to establish a correspondence between the phase shift value and the speed of the aerodynamic flow.
- FIG. 5 represents in the form of a timing diagram an example of power modulation P (t) feeding the heating element 13.
- the average power P 0 is normalized to a value of 1 represented on the ordinate on the left of FIG. here is sinusoidal.
- Two examples of temperature measurements T 1 (t) and T 2 (t) measured by the sensitive element 15 are also shown in FIG. 4. More precisely, the curves T 1 (t) and T 2 (t) are represented. after demodulation.
- the temperature values are expressed in Kelvin and the temperature scale is represented on the ordinate on the line of FIG. 4.
- the curve T 1 (t) is taken for a node 6 whose thermal conductivity ⁇ is lower than the node associated with the curve T 2 (t) .
- a device according to the invention is advantageously integrated in a control loop of a profile of a wall.
- the loop comprises actuators making it possible to modify the profile of the wall as a function of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the variations in flow velocity at the different nodes so as to modify these variations, for example to reduce turbulent or unglued flow zones.
- FIG. 6 represents in section in a vertical plane an airplane wing 3 comprising actuators making it possible to modify the profile of the wall 2 of the wing 3.
- the actuators are controlled by the computer 8.
- a first series of actuators 40 formed of micro-cylinders arranged inside the wing 3 make it possible to modify the shape of the wall 2.
- These micro-cylinders are, for example, piezoelectric.
- several actuators 40 are arranged on the underside of the wing 3.
- a second series of actuators 41 is formed of small flaps 42 arranged along the trailing edge 43 of the wing 3L.
- the flaps 42 are rotated about an axis substantially along the trailing edge.
- Figure 7 shows in perspective the wing 3 comprising a plurality of fluidic actuators. These actuators are formed by openings through which air jets can be emitted towards the outside of the wall 2 in order to modify the aerodynamic flow around the wall 2.
- a first series of fluidic actuators 44 is disposed in the vicinity of the leading edge 45 of the wing 3 and a second series of fluidic actuators 46 is disposed in the vicinity of the trailing edge 43 of the wing 3 .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/263,834 US8959993B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-04-12 | Device for determining an aerodynamic flow along a wall and controlling a profile of the wall |
BRPI1014559A BRPI1014559A2 (pt) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-04-12 | dispositivo para caracterizar a natureza de um fluxo aerodinâmico ao longo de uma parede e laço para controlar um perfil de parede. |
EP10713342A EP2417464A1 (fr) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-04-12 | Dispositif de caracterisation de la nature d'un flux aerodynamique le long d'une paroi et boucle de controle d'un profil de la paroi |
RU2011145575/28A RU2011145575A (ru) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-04-12 | Устройство для получения характеристик характера аэродинамического потока вдоль стенки и контур для управления профилей стенки |
CA2758184A CA2758184A1 (fr) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-04-12 | Dispositif de caracterisation de la nature d'un flux aerodynamique le long d'une paroi et boucle de controle d'un profil de la paroi |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0901792A FR2944356B1 (fr) | 2009-04-10 | 2009-04-10 | Capteur optique de mesure de la vitesse d'un fluide le long d'une paroi et systeme comprenant plusieurs capteurs |
FR0901792 | 2009-04-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2010116004A1 true WO2010116004A1 (fr) | 2010-10-14 |
Family
ID=41338658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/054775 WO2010116004A1 (fr) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-04-12 | Dispositif de caracterisation de la nature d'un flux aerodynamique le long d'une paroi et boucle de controle d'un profil de la paroi |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8959993B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2417464A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI1014559A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2758184A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2944356B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2011145575A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010116004A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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CN112924714A (zh) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-06-08 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | 一种风速测量装置及服务器 |
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US8705019B2 (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-04-22 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Structural material with embedded sensors |
US9587933B2 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2017-03-07 | General Electric Company | System and method for inspecting an object |
CN106055751A (zh) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种高超声速飞行器蒙皮红外辐射强度分散性评估方法 |
US10472060B2 (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2019-11-12 | The Boeing Company | Methods and apparatus to monitor a shock wave proximate a transonic surface |
EP3457146A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-20 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Détermination d'une caractéristique d'écoulement d'air |
EP3873794A4 (fr) * | 2018-10-30 | 2022-08-31 | Naseem Z Shah | Appareil et procédé de réduction de traînée et de génération d'énergie |
US11422042B2 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-08-23 | Kidde Technologies, Inc. | Fiber optic temperature sensors in a distributed smoke detection system |
DE102019214940A1 (de) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | Helmut Fritz | Optomechanisches system, verwendung eines optomechanischen systems, strömungssensoranordnung und beschleunigungssensoranordnung |
CN113945353B (zh) * | 2020-07-17 | 2024-04-23 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | 基于发光材料的空气动力学测试方法 |
EP4249881A1 (fr) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-27 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Procédé et système de détermination des propriétés d'écoulement d'un fluide s'écoulant le long d'une surface |
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GB2389902A (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-12-24 | Qinetiq Ltd | Fibre optic temperature and flow rate sensing |
WO2004094961A1 (fr) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-11-04 | Sensor Highway Limited | Mesure d'ecoulement de fluide utilisant des fibres optiques |
WO2005022089A2 (fr) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-10 | Tao Of Systems Integration, Inc. | Procede et systeme permettant de localiser des indicateurs de caracteristiques d'ecoulement critique dans des regimes d'ecoulement tridimensionnels |
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US4028939A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1977-06-14 | Nasa | System for measuring three fluctuating velocity components in a turbulently flowing fluid |
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2009
- 2009-04-10 FR FR0901792A patent/FR2944356B1/fr active Active
-
2010
- 2010-04-12 CA CA2758184A patent/CA2758184A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-12 US US13/263,834 patent/US8959993B2/en active Active
- 2010-04-12 BR BRPI1014559A patent/BRPI1014559A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-04-12 EP EP10713342A patent/EP2417464A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-12 WO PCT/EP2010/054775 patent/WO2010116004A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-04-12 RU RU2011145575/28A patent/RU2011145575A/ru unknown
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See also references of EP2417464A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112924714A (zh) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-06-08 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | 一种风速测量装置及服务器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2758184A1 (fr) | 2010-10-14 |
RU2011145575A (ru) | 2013-05-20 |
FR2944356A1 (fr) | 2010-10-15 |
EP2417464A1 (fr) | 2012-02-15 |
FR2944356B1 (fr) | 2011-06-24 |
US8959993B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
BRPI1014559A2 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
US20120186337A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
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