WO2010112217A1 - Procédé et dispositif de génération de données de commande pour commander un outil sur une machine-outil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de génération de données de commande pour commander un outil sur une machine-outil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010112217A1
WO2010112217A1 PCT/EP2010/002072 EP2010002072W WO2010112217A1 WO 2010112217 A1 WO2010112217 A1 WO 2010112217A1 EP 2010002072 W EP2010002072 W EP 2010002072W WO 2010112217 A1 WO2010112217 A1 WO 2010112217A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
geometry
machining
workpiece
path
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/002072
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Hahn
Original Assignee
Dmg Electronics Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Dmg Electronics Gmbh filed Critical Dmg Electronics Gmbh
Publication of WO2010112217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010112217A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating control data for controlling a given tool on a machine tool for machining a clamped workpiece from a blank into a finished part by machining.
  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating control data for controlling a given milling tool on a CNC machine tool or a CNC controlled machining center for machining a workpiece clamped in the machine tool from a blank to a finished part having a desired predetermined finished part geometry.
  • CNC machine tools are well known in a variety of prior art designs.
  • CNC Computerized Numerical Contror
  • the machine tool is equipped with a tool that removes material from the workpiece by machining.
  • the control of the tool by means of a control device based on the CNC control data of the CNC program.
  • CNC programs are software-assisted by means of CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems
  • a CNC program created includes control data that controls an inserted tool relative to a workpiece clamped in the machine tool along a generated path to form material of the Workpiece to be removed when moving off the web.
  • Applicant's DE 10 2006 043390 A1 discloses an apparatus and a method for simulating a sequence for machining a workpiece on a machine tool for the simulation of sequences on CNC machines.
  • the apparatus comprises memory means for storing machine tool data for generating a virtual image of a machine tool, for storing workpiece data for generating a virtual image of a workpiece and for storing resource data for generating a virtual image of a resource.
  • These devices provide the data required to produce a realistic image of the machine tool. This not only includes an illustration of the tool table and the workpiece, but also the possibility to present the clamping situation in detail during the simulation. Furthermore, it is possible to represent the machine tool in various configurations including workpiece and tool.
  • EP 0 524 344 A1 discloses a graphically interactive dialog-oriented programming system for generating programs for controlling the machining process for a CNC machine tool.
  • the dialog-oriented program makes it easier for the user or operator to easily change, supplement or create control programs for a machine tool by means of graphical dialog guidance.
  • a tool simulation device which is suitable for simulating a real tool of a machine tool, wherein a control for a machining by the tool can be changed.
  • the simulation of machining through the workpiece is displayed on a screen.
  • the control system includes a data feed unit, a visualization unit, a machine tool testing unit, and an NC control unit.
  • the NC control unit contains at least one stored NC program for generating a motion sequence for the CNC tool.
  • the prior art orbit calculation for a CNC controlled tool is based on geometric dimensions and is oriented to the desired finished part geometry of the workpiece. Control data are generated in such a way that the material of the workpiece is removed layer by layer by reciprocating an inserted tool along simple paths until the finished part contour is reached. This is also called a line.
  • the cutting volume along a machining path (material volume removed per unit of time), ie the cutting performance of the tool in the material is determined by geometric sizes.
  • a processing path is generated which, in the case of uncritical contour progressions of the workpiece geometry, ie contour progressions which do not endanger the finished part geometry, is oriented to static cutting volumes defined in cutting tables.
  • machining time ie the time it takes to reach the finished part contour from the blank by removing material, is determined by the programmed feed rates and the specified machining path (s).
  • CAM systems known in the art generate one or more webs for a tool that reduce air cutting time.
  • the air cutting time is the time that a controlled tool is controlled in the machine tool without removing material from a clamped workpiece. Air cutting time arises, for example, when the tool is fed from one point of the workpiece to another point of the workpiece to start a new machining path to remove material, wherein no material is removed from the workpiece during the air cutting time.
  • a processing path is a path along which the tool for removing material of the workpiece is controlled, ie a tool carries material along a processing path from the workpiece. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for generating control data for controlling a tool on a machine tool, which allow a reduced processing time compared to the prior art.
  • this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 11.
  • the invention relates to a method for generating control data for controlling a given tool on a machine tool for machining a clamped workpiece from a blank into a finished part by machining, comprising the step of generating web data indicating which machining path or paths at least one predetermined tool at which feed rate and with which tool orientation relative to the workpiece for removing material of the workpiece to move by feed.
  • the method comprises the steps of generating machining geometry model data of a machining geometry of the workpiece describing the current machining state of the workpiece at a specific machining time, providing finished part geometry model data describing a finished part geometry of the workpiece, generating difference geometry model data based on a comparison of Machining geometry model data with the precast geometry model data to determine a difference geometry between the machining geometry and the precast geometry, generating trajectory data including specifying a machining path to be fed by a given tool for ablating material of the determined difference geometry of the workpiece by feed based on the generated differential geometry model data.
  • the web data are generated on the basis of the differential geometry model data, wherein the web data further specify in addition to the specified processing path, with which feed rate and with which tool orientation of the given tool relative to the workpiece, the given tool to start the defined by the difference geometry machining path.
  • the web data are generated with the proviso that, when the machining path travels down the machining path depending on a maximum machining volume of the given tool, the predetermined tool removes a maximum of the volume of the determined difference geometry of the workpiece per unit time.
  • control data with the associated processing path calculation is thus not only, as in the prior art, based on the finished part geometry, but is additionally on the achieved or achievable with a given tool depending on the difference geometry Zerspanvolumen (ablated material volume per unit time) oriented to the Zerspanvolumen depending on the difference geometry to maximize.
  • the instantaneous geometry of the workpiece at this time can be determined at any time during the machining of the workpiece, so that the current abrasion state at this machining time is known.
  • the machining geometry is a geometry of the workpiece at any machining time during machining of the workpiece, ie a Intermediate state between blank and finished part geometry.
  • finished part geometry model data which describe the finished part geometry of the workpiece, enables a comparison of the finished part geometry and the machining geometry of the workpiece determined according to the invention in the last method step.
  • the position, position and geometry of the still protruding material of the workpiece that is to say the material to be removed until the completion of the workpiece, can be determined at a specific processing time in which the first processing geometry model data are generated.
  • the difference geometry model data can be generated based on the comparison of the machining geometry model data with the finished part geometry model data.
  • the path data are generated in such a way that, in addition to the defined processing path, they determine the feed rate and tool orientation along the path.
  • the feed rate here is an important parameter on which the actual cutting volume achieved when the web travels through the given tool depends, because a higher feed rate leads directly to a higher cutting volume.
  • the achievable Zerspanvolumen when traveling the web still depends on the orientation of the tool relative to the feed direction.
  • the maximum machining volume of the given tool is a tool-specific property, which depends on the geometric properties and material of the tool and which may additionally depend on the material of the clamped workpiece.
  • the method further comprises the step of selecting a tool of the machine tool with a comparatively high maximum machining volume as a function of the differential geometry model data as a given tool.
  • a tool when the workpiece is machined on a machine tool which comprises a plurality of tools with different maximum machining volumes and different tool properties, a tool can be selected as a predetermined tool for traversing the calculated path depending on the conditions of the particular instantaneous difference geometry that the highest possible machining volume can be achieved when traveling down a defined path.
  • the tool with the largest maximum machining volume is not necessarily determined here, but rather a tool is determined which, depending on the determined instantaneous difference geometry, can achieve an optimum as large as possible machining volume.
  • the steps of generating machining geometry model data of the workpiece at a particular machining time, generating difference geometry model data based on a comparison of the machining geometry model data with the finished part geometry model data and generating web data in this order continuously wherein at least second machining geometry model data of a second machining geometry of the workpiece and second difference geometry model data at a particular second machining time after the at least one predetermined tool has traversed a first predetermined machining trajectory based on first trajectory data a first repetition of the steps are generated, wherein based on the second differential geometry model data at least one second processing path is determined by generating second path data, which are preferably generated with the proviso that a given for the second processing path tool when moving off the second processing path in dependence maximum chipping volume of this predetermined tool removes a maximum of a large part of the volume of the specific second differential geometry of the workpiece per unit time.
  • a new current machining geometry of the workpiece can be detected in order to determine a new, current difference geometry, so that a next machining path is determined by the web data on the basis of the new actual difference geometry of the workpiece.
  • as large a machining volume as possible can be achieved at each machining time when each of the machining paths of the machining steps is shut down.
  • the method for generating control data additionally comprises the step of providing tool storage data describing the tool storage of the machine tool and indicating which tool properties the tools of the tool storage machine tool and preferably the method step of selecting a predetermined tool with a comparatively high maximum machining volume in dependence the instantaneous difference geometry model data as a predetermined tool each executed for a next machining path.
  • the method of the present invention may optionally include the step of specifying a tool change of the previously given tool with a predetermined tool selected for the next machining path depending on the tool stock of the machine tool, if, for the next machining path, another tool is selected from the tool storage of the machine tool than the previously specified tool as the tool specified for the next machining path.
  • the machine tool comprises a control device for controlling the at least one predetermined tool, the control device enabling control of the tool relative to the clamped workpiece with three-dimensional free tool movement and free tool orientation about at least 5 axes, and wherein the path data preferably with the additional proviso that the at least one predetermined tool changes the feed direction, the feed speed and / or the orientation relative to the clamped workpiece as a function of the instantaneous difference geometry when a machining path defined on the basis of the instantaneous difference geometry is moved.
  • the at least 5 axes of the control device of the machine tool preferably comprise 3 linear axes and 2 rotary axes to allow a particularly advantageous free mobility and orientability of the tool. Due to the resulting free tool guide relative to the clamped workpiece in addition to straight-line tracks a variety of geometrically complex curvilinearstagesbahnverierin for the given Tool possible through the difference geometry of the workpiece. Thus, a processing path can be selected, which maximizes the achievable Zerspanvolumen along the trajectory.
  • the variability of the feed rate and feed direction of the tool thus has the particular advantage that a path can be calculated such that the changes in the feed rate and feed direction of the given tool along the path can be controlled so that the largest possible actual cutting volume can be achieved .
  • a feed rate, feed direction and tool orientation are preferably always generated with the proviso that the Zerspanvolumen is maximized depending on the maximum Zerspanvolumens the given tool, in addition, no material of the finished part geometry is removed.
  • the feed rate and feed direction may vary continuously along the path depending on the difference geometry.
  • the path data can additionally be generated as a function of permissible performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool in such a way that the maximum performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool are not exceeded by a given tool when traversing a machining path determined by the path data.
  • Performance parameters and kinetic properties of the machine tool include, for example, power of the spindles, feed rate of the linear axes, power of the rotary axes, kinematically permissible feed values on linear and rotary axes, feed acceleration and / or a maximum permissible load of clamping means or Elements of the control device of the machine tool by forces and / or torques.
  • the path data may be generated as a function of one or more maximum load values of the at least one predetermined tool such that a load of the given tool does not exceed the maximum load value (s) of the given tool when traversing a machining path defined by the path data ,
  • a load of the tool in this case refers to forces and torques that act on the predetermined tool when traversing the specified machining path. Damage to the tool can thus be avoided since no machining paths and path data are set so that the maximum permissible load values of the given workpiece are exceeded.
  • the method of the present invention comprises the continuously repeating step of generating machine tool geometry model data, the machine tool geometry model data describing a current machine tool geometry at a particular machining time of the workpiece, the current machine tool geometry preferably having a current relative orientation and relative position of the given tool, of elements of the control device and clamping means of the machine tool for clamping the workpiece at a certain processing time, wherein the web data continues preferably on the basis of the machine tool geometry model data and / or on the basis of a comparison of the machine tool geometry model data with the machining geometry model data at the specific machining time with the additional proviso that a collision of elements of the machine tool with elements of the machine tool and of elements of the machine tool, except the predetermined tool, is prevented with the workpiece when moving away from the machining path by the at least one predetermined tool.
  • no processing paths are set, which lead to a collision of elements of the control device with chucking means of the machine tool, with the workpiece or with other elements of the machine tool when traveling the web through the predetermined tool. Only the predetermined tool controlled by the control device comes next to the clamping means of the machine tool in contact with the workpiece to be machined.
  • This forward-looking collision check is advantageous, in particular because of the optionally complicated and curvilinear course of the machining path according to the invention as a function of the difference geometry with possibly continuously changing feed direction, feed speed and / or tool orientation.
  • the model data are each suitable for generating a respective virtual 3D model of the blank geometry of the workpiece, the machining geometry of the workpiece, the finished part geometry of the workpiece, the difference geometry and / or the machine tool.
  • the generated and provided model data can be displayed visually in a virtual 3D model of the respective geometry.
  • the respective processing state of the workpiece can be displayed to a human operator or the respective geometries can be displayed individually or in combination.
  • the path data is generated based on a simulation of processing a virtual workpiece by one or more virtual predetermined tools on a virtual machine tool, the simulation preferably comprising the steps of generating a virtual 3D model of the workpiece in the raw state, generating first path data including setting a first Machining Path for a Virtual Predetermined Tool, Simulating the Departure of the Specified First Machining Path Based on the Generated First Path Data by the Virtual Predetermined Tool, Generating Machining Geometry Model Data of a Virtual 3D Model of Machining Geometry of the Virtual Work Piece, Providing a Virtual Ablation Condition of the Work Piece at a Machining Time after simulating the departure of the first specified machining path by a virtual given tool, provide finished part geometry model data of one 3D virtual model of precast geometry describing a precast geometry of the virtual workpiece, generating differential geometry model data describing a difference geometry of the material that still needs to be removed from the virtual workpiece to achieve the precast geometry, and generating second orbit data including specify
  • machining paths and the associated path data can be determined by simulation of a virtual machine tool.
  • a virtual machine tool for simulating a process for machining a workpiece on a machine tool for the simulation of processes on CNC machines is described in DE 10 2006 043390 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in the present application.
  • a simulation allows an operator to subjectively intervene in the simulated machining process by specifying or changing simulation parameters.
  • the overall machining of the workpiece can be simulated with different predetermined tools or different tool changes.
  • different machining strategies can be simulated, whereby the respective machining strategies can be compared with one another based on the simulation, so that an optimal machining strategy can be selected.
  • the machining strategy includes, for example, the or the predetermined tool, specified tool change, start and end points of machining paths, which may optionally be specified subjectively by the operator.
  • the simulation requires that the departure of a defined machining path can be simulated on the basis of path data by a virtual predefined tool, the machining volume being calculated along the machining path.
  • a simulation may further allow an operator to intervene, subjectively intervene in the simulated machining process, subjectively select a new tool, subjectively adapt or modify a CNC part program, whereby the operator can visually represent intermediate states of the machining process so that he can control the machining process and can assess the associated intermediate states.
  • the operator can adjust a machining strategy for certain intermediate states depending on the associated difference geometry. If necessary, the simulation can also be used with regard to safety-relevant parameters to check the simulated machining process in terms of safety.
  • the web data are further generated in such a way that a machining path is defined in a plurality of contiguous machining path sections, wherein a machining path starting point is determined depending on the difference geometry, wherein starting from the machining path starting point in dependence of the difference geometry a first machining path section is determined, which determines the machining volume from the
  • Machining path starting point maximized, and wherein starting from an end point of each of the plurality of contiguous mannersbahnteil spatialen depending on the difference geometry anotheresbahnteil. is set, which maximizes the machining volume from the end point of the previousesbahnteil.s, along the first and the other
  • Machining section no material is removed from the precast geometry.
  • a machining path can be defined, which is defined at each end point of a section, with the proviso that a predetermined tool maximizes the machining volume as a function of the maximum machining volume of the given tool when traveling the predetermined path based on the generated web data.
  • the Processing track sections preferably set so short that the feed direction, feed rate and / or tool orientation can be adjusted as possible after shortrangesbahnteil GmbHen to the circumstances of the differential geometry, with the proviso, depending on the difference geometry set a furtherensbahnteil Partners so that the Zerspanvolumen is maximized.
  • an entire machining path can be defined, which is determined at each point of the machining path optimized zerspan, since the inventively optimal trajectory is determined by iterative optimization and determination in zerspanvolumenorientiert optimized sub-track pieces.
  • a device for generating control data for controlling a given tool on a machine tool for machining a clamped workpiece from a blank into a finished part by machining comprises a web data generation device for repeatedly generating web data which specifies which at least one machining web is to run off an at least one predefined tool for removing material of the workpiece by feed.
  • the control data generating device comprises a machining geometry model data generating device for generating first machining geometry model data of a machining geometry of the workpiece describing the current machining state of the workpiece at a specific machining time, a finished part geometry providing device for providing finished part geometry model data Describe a finished part geometry of the workpiece, a differential geometry model data generating device for generating differential geometry model data based on a comparison of the machining geometry model data with the finished part geometry model data for determining a current difference geometry between the machining geometry and the finished part geometry, and a web data generating means for generating web data including setting a machining path, which is a predefined tool for removing material of the determined instantaneous difference geometry of the workpiece by advancing based on the generated instantaneous differential geometry model data with the proviso that the predetermined Tool on abduction of the machining path in dependence on a maximum Zerspanvolumens for the given tool a maximum of large part of the volume of the difference geometry of the workpiece per unit
  • the apparatus further comprises a machine tool parameter acquisition device for detecting permissible performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool, wherein the web data generating device generates the web data with the additional proviso that the maximum performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool when starting a based the path data specified processing path can not be exceeded by a given tool.
  • a machine tool parameter acquisition device for detecting permissible performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool
  • the web data generating device generates the web data with the additional proviso that the maximum performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool when starting a based the path data specified processing path can not be exceeded by a given tool.
  • the apparatus further comprises tool property detecting means for detecting tool properties of the tools of the machine tool, the tool characteristics including one or more maximum load values of the tools, and wherein the web data generating means generates the web data with the additional proviso that one or more load values of the tool predetermined tool when departing on the basis of the web data fixed machining path or exceed the maximum load values of the given tool.
  • tool property detecting means for detecting tool properties of the tools of the machine tool, the tool characteristics including one or more maximum load values of the tools
  • the web data generating means generates the web data with the additional proviso that one or more load values of the tool predetermined tool when departing on the basis of the web data fixed machining path or exceed the maximum load values of the given tool.
  • the apparatus further comprises a tool storage detecting means for detecting the tool storage of the machine tool, a tool selecting means for selecting a tool having a comparatively high maximum machining volume depending on the instantaneous differential geometry model data as a predetermined tool for a next machining path and a tool change setting means for specifying a tool change the previously specified tool with a selected for the next machining path predetermined tool as a function of the detected Deutschenbeforratung the machine tool, the horronic- fixing device preferably defines a tool change, if for the next machining path another tool from the tool storage of the machine tool than the previously specified tool of the tool determination device as a given tool for the next processing is selected.
  • the tool storage situation of the machine tool can be detected so that the available tools and the associated tool properties (eg the maximum machining volume) are known.
  • the respective tool can be selected as a given tool for which a processing path and the associated path data can be determined with optimal, that is as large as possible achievable Zerspanvolumen along the track.
  • the predetermined tool can be replaced with another tool, if this allows a larger Zerspanvolumen.
  • the apparatus comprises a machine tool geometry model data generating means for generating machine tool geometry model data describing a current machine tool geometry at a particular machining time of the workpiece, the machine tool geometry preferably having a current orientation and position of the given tool, elements of the control device, and clamping means Machine tool for clamping the workpiece comprises.
  • the web data are then preferably generated on the basis of the machine tool geometry model data and / or on the basis of a comparison of the machine tool geometry model data with the machining geometry model data at the specific machining time with the additional proviso that a collision of elements of the machine tool with elements of the machine tool and of Elements of the machine tool, except the predetermined tool, is prevented with the workpiece when moving away from the machining path through the at least one predetermined tool.
  • an instantaneous geometry of the machine tool at a certain point in time during machining of the workpiece is known or can be determined, wherein the current machine tool geometry specifically the instantaneous position and / or position of movable elements of the machine tool as the position and / or position of elements of the control device or clamping means.
  • the current machine tool geometry specifically the instantaneous position and / or position of movable elements of the machine tool as the position and / or position of elements of the control device or clamping means.
  • a relative position and / or position between elements of the machine tool with other elements of the machine tool such as For example, be determined between elements of the control device with chucking.
  • the apparatus further comprises a display device for visual presentation of a virtual SD model of the blank geometry, a 3D virtual model of the machining geometry, a 3D virtual model of the precast geometry, a virtual 3D model of the differential geometry, and / or a 3D virtual model Model of the machine tool.
  • a display device for visual presentation of a virtual SD model of the blank geometry, a 3D virtual model of the machining geometry, a 3D virtual model of the precast geometry, a virtual 3D model of the differential geometry, and / or a 3D virtual model Model of the machine tool.
  • the web data generating device generates the web data based on a simulation of the processing of a virtual workpiece on a virtual machine tool, wherein the device preferably further comprises a machining simulation device for simulating the departure of a defined by the web data generating device path tool path through a virtual predetermined tool ,
  • the machining geometry model data generating means generates machining geometry model data of a virtual 3D model of a virtual workpiece machining geometry describing a virtual machining state of the workpiece at an arbitrary machining time after the machining of a first predetermined machining path by a virtual given tool by the machining simulation device has been.
  • the finished part geometry providing device provides finished part geometry model data of a virtual 3D model of the finished part geometry describing a finished part geometry of the virtual workpiece
  • the difference geometry model data generating device preferably generating difference geometry model data describing a difference geometry of the material used to achieve the Prefabricated geometry still needs to be removed from the virtual workpiece.
  • the web data generating device generates second web data defining a second processing path based on the difference geometry model data with the proviso that the virtual predetermined tool simulation of Abfahren the second processing path by the processing simulation device in response to a maximum Zerspanvolumens for the given Tool a maximum of the volume of the difference geometry of the workpiece per unit time removes.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a machine tool.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic representation of a simple example of a
  • FIG. 3b shows a schematic representation of a simple example of a
  • Fig. 3c shows a schematic representation of a simple example of a
  • Fig. 3d shows a schematic representation of a simple example of a
  • FIG. 4a shows a schematic representation of a simple example of a second machining geometry.
  • 4b shows a schematic representation of a simple example of a second differential geometry.
  • Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the inventive device for
  • the machine tool 100 comprises a control device 110, clamping means 120, a predetermined tool 130 and a tool magazine 140.
  • the tool magazine comprises a plurality of tools 141a, 141b, 141c and 14 Id.
  • the control device 110 is equipped with the predetermined tool 130 and is configured such that the controller 110 may control the predetermined tool 130 along a predetermined machining path for removing material of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece 150 to be machined is clamped in the clamping means 120.
  • the tool magazine 140 further comprises a tool changing device 142 for changing the predetermined tool 130 with which the control device 110 is equipped with one of the tools 141a-d from the tool magazine 140.
  • the control device can communicate with each of the tools 141a and 130, so that the workpiece can be machined with each of the tools 141a-d and 130 after the control device 110 has been equipped with the respective tool by the tool changing device 142.
  • the various tools 141a-d and 130 on a machine tool differ in specific tool properties. Possible tool properties are, for example, the material or materials of the tool, the diameter and the height of the tool, the number of cutting edges of the tool, load values of the tool and a maximum machining volume of the respective tool. It depends maximum cutting volume of the tool mainly from the aforementioned properties.
  • the cutting volume is here a parameter that indicates how much material is removed per time.
  • a common unit of Zerspanvolumens of tools of a machine tool is the unit cm 3 / min.
  • the tool property of the height of the tool here does not mean the absolute height of the tool, but a height of the tool, which can be used for machining material of the workpiece and therefore corresponds to a possible cutting depth of the tool, ie the depth of a tool into a workpiece can penetrate for the removal of material.
  • the maximum machining volume of a tool can also depend on the material of the workpiece.
  • machining volume When a defined machining path is traveled by the predetermined tool 130 through the workpiece 150, material of the workpiece 150 is removed. In this case, an actual machining volume, also measured in cm 3 / min, is achieved which is smaller or at most equal to the maximum machining volume of the tool.
  • the machining volume actually achieved in traversing the specified machining path through the workpiece 150 depends on factors such as the feed rate of the given tool 130 along the designated machining path through the workpiece 150, the power of the spindle 111 that generates the given tool 130 about an axis a cutting speed rotates, the material of the workpiece 150, the material of the tool 130, the diameter and the height and the number of cutting edges of the predetermined tool 130 and the tool orientation of the tool 130 relative to the clamped workpiece 150 from.
  • the machine tool 100 is a CNC machine tool, ie the control device 110 is automatically controlled by CNC control data fed into the machine tool 100. On In this way, the predetermined tool 130 is controlled on the basis of the CNC control data.
  • the control device 110 of the machine tool 100 makes it possible to control the tool 130 relative to the clamped workpiece 150 with a three-dimensional, free tool movement and a free tool orientation around five axes.
  • This includes three linear axes, so that the predetermined tool 130 can be moved three-dimensionally in all directions.
  • the linear axes are arranged perpendicular zueinender and each allow a linear movement of the tool, whereby simultaneous trajectories are made possible by simultaneous movement of the linear axes.
  • the free tool orientation relative to the clamped workpiece 150 is made possible by two rotary axes, one of the rotary axes allowing an oblique rotation of the tool (not to be confused with the rotation for generating a cutting speed), and allowing the second rotary axis to rotate the workpiece 150 ,
  • negative angles of the tool 130 relative to the clamped workpiece 150 are possible, so that a so-called undercut is made possible.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the method for generating control data according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the method for generating control data for controlling a given tool on a machine tool for machining a clamped workpiece 150 from a blank into a finished part by machining comprises the steps of generating machining geometry model data S201, providing finished part geometry model data S202, generating differential geometry model data S203 and generating orbit data S204.
  • FIG. 3 a shows an example of a blank 310 a cube, which represents the blank of the workpiece, as it is clamped at the beginning of the machining of the workpiece in the machine tool 100 in the chucking means 120.
  • FIG. 3 c shows a finished part 340 that is to be achieved by machining of the blank 310.
  • 3b shows an example of a possible first intermediate state geometry of the workpiece at a first processing time ti after one or more predetermined tools 130 have removed material from the upper right side of the blank 310 along one or more processing paths. This represents the machining geometry 320 at the first machining time ti.
  • the material 330a and 330b still to be removed from the first intermediate state 320 for achieving the finished part geometry of the finished part 340 results from a direct comparison of the finished part geometry of the finished part 340 with the machining geometry of the first machining geometry 320 at the first machining time ti and is shown in Fig. 3d.
  • the thus determined difference geometry 330a, b corresponds exactly to the material that still has to be removed by machining until the finished part 340 is reached. In Fig. 2, this corresponds to the steps S201 "generating machining geometry model data", S202 “providing finished part geometry model data” and S203 "generating differential geometry model data”.
  • the machining geometry 320 of a workpiece in the intermediate state is determined and machining geometry mode data is generated, which indicates the machining geometry 320 at a first machining time ti.
  • the model data is provided to the precast geometry 340, where the precast geometry model data indicates the geometry of the targeted precast part, ie, the geometry of the workpiece as after machining is sought by one or more of the tools 130 and / or 141a-d as finished state.
  • step S203 The comparison of the machining geometry model data with the finished part geometry model data is performed in step S203 "generating differential geometry model data" in which the model data are generated that describe the difference geometry 330a, 330b of the workpiece at the first machining time ti, which also includes the machining geometry Model data were generated.
  • step S204 "generating web data"
  • a machining path is set by the difference geometry 330a, b of the workpiece to be fed by the predetermined tool 130 for removing material of the workpiece 150.
  • step S204 "generating path data”
  • the machining path and the path data are defined or generated in such a way that the predetermined tool 130, when traversing the machining path defined in step S204, depending on the maximum machining volume of the given tool 130, covers a maximum of the volume of the difference geometry 330a determined in step S203, B of the workpiece per unit time removes.
  • the machining path is set in step S204 and path data is generated taking into consideration the differential geometry model data generated in step S203.
  • the machining path is determined by the difference geometry 330a, b of the predetermined workpiece 150 such that the largest possible actual machining volume is achieved when the machining path is traveled by the predetermined tool 130. At best, this is the reaches maximum machining volume of the given tool 130. Furthermore, the machining path is set so that only the volume of the determined difference geometry 330a, b is removed when the predetermined machining path is traveled by the predetermined tool 130. This means that no material of the finished part geometry 340 is removed when the predetermined processing path is traversed by the predetermined tool 130.
  • step S204 "Generate Web Data"
  • the free tool motion and free tool orientation relative to the workpiece 150 is utilized to continuously adjust and change the feed direction, feed rate, and / or tool orientation to maximize actual machining volume as the work path travels by the given tool 130. If possible, the maximum machining volume of the given tool should be achieved.
  • directional changes of the feed direction of the predetermined tool 130 along the machining path are each determined so that the change in direction as large an actual Zerspanvolumen after a change in direction by the predetermined Tool 130 can be achieved.
  • the machining path is determined so that after a change in direction along the track, a larger Zerspanvolumen can be achieved, as by a straight feed direction without changing direction.
  • the setting of the machining path and the generation of the web data are based not only on the finished part geometry 340 of the workpiece, but also on the difference geometry 330a, b and on the maximum machining volume.
  • the machining time for machining the workpiece 150 from a blank to a finished part can be significantly reduced by the inventive method for generating control data.
  • a plurality of machining paths are defined in succession, wherein a difference geometry is determined to the current processing state always after the predetermined machining path has been traversed by the predetermined tool 130 and before setting a further machining path.
  • This requires, in each case, the generation of current machining geometry model data at a current machining time t n , which is the machining of the workpiece 150 since generating the previous machining geometry model data for Processing time t n -i detected, so that the current difference geometry at the processing time t n can be determined.
  • the workpiece is supplied in a second intermediate state with a machining geometry 420 in FIG a second processing time t2 exemplified, wherein between the first processing time ti and the second processing time t2 by one or more predetermined tool (s) 130 along one or more machining path (s) material has been removed from the workpiece in the upper left part.
  • a new momentary difference geometry 430a, b results as shown in FIG. 4b by way of example. Based on this difference geometry 430a, b, a second processing path is determined and second path data for the second processing path is generated.
  • step S501 generation of n-th machining geometry model data
  • step S502 generation of n-th differential geometry model data
  • the current differential geometry is generated.
  • Model data on the basis of the comparison of the finished part geometry with the current machining geometry at the nth processing time t n for generating n-th differential geometry model data compared.
  • Finished part geometry model data are again required for the comparison of the current machining geometry with the finished part geometry.
  • Shown in Fig. 5 is an n-th repetition of the sequence of Processing steps S201 to S204.
  • a tool is selected as the predetermined tool.
  • the predetermined tool is that tool with which the control device 110 is equipped so that the control device 110, the predetermined tool 130 through the workpiece 150 for Abtrag of material of the workpiece 150 controls.
  • this step S503 is not executed.
  • the tool selected as the given tool for the nth machining path can be the same as the predefined tool for the (nth) machining path. In this case, no change of the tool with which the control device 110 is equipped is required.
  • a tool is selected as a given tool for the nth machining path which is not equal to the tool specified for the (nl) th machining path.
  • the step S504 is followed by "setting a tool change" in which a tool change is set, that is, it is determined that the tool with which the control device 110 is equipped by a tool selected from the tool magazine 140 as a given tool is changed.
  • the machine tool 100 comprises the tool changing device 142 for changing the tool 130 with which the control device is equipped.
  • step S505 "Generation of n-th path data" an nth processing path is determined on the basis of generated nth path data, the predetermined tool or a possibly new predetermined tool for removing material of the particular instantaneous difference geometry of the workpiece at the processing time t n
  • step S505 "Generation of n-th path data” n-th path data are generated here, which indicate at which feed rate and with which tool orientation of the given tool relative to the workpiece the predetermined tool the specified nth processing path should depart.
  • the n-th orbit data are generated on the basis of the determined instantaneous difference geometry at the time of processing t n , so that the tool specified for the n-th machining path during the Departing the n-th machining path in dependence on the maximum Zerspanvolumens of the predetermined for the n-th machining path tool a maximum amount of the volume of the particular n-th differential geometry of the workpiece per time removes.
  • step S507 generating (n + l) -th differential geometry model data
  • step S508 selecting a tool as a given tool
  • step S509 setting a tool change” if the tool selected in step S508 is not equal to given tool for the nth machining path
  • step S510 generating (n + l) th orbit data
  • S511 generating (n + 2) th machining geometry model data” for another (n + 2) th machining path.
  • step S511 a workpiece geometry determined in step S511 is equal to the finished part geometry of the workpiece, so that no material has to be removed from the workpiece to increase the finished part geometry to reach.
  • the method comprises a further step S604 "generating machine tool geometry As illustrated in Fig. 6, the method then comprises the steps S601 "generating nth machining geometry model data", S602 “providing finished part geometry model data”, S603 "generating nth difference geometry model data”, S604 "Generating Machine Tool Geometry Model Data” and S605 "Generating Web Data for the nth Machining Path”.
  • the sequence of method steps S601 to S605 is part of a sequence of method steps in which, as in the second embodiment, the steps are repeated, so that processing paths are set repeatedly.
  • step S602 "providing precast geometry model data" may not occur if the precast geometry model data is already available because it has been provided for defining a first processing path.
  • step S604 machine tool geometry model data indicating a current machine tool geometry at a particular nth machining time t n is generated, wherein the current machine tool geometry is a current relative orientation and relative position of the given tool 130, elements of the controller 110, and the chuck 120 the machine tool 100 for clamping the workpiece 150 includes.
  • the nth processing time t n here is the processing time at which the nth processing geometry model data has been generated in step S601.
  • step S605 "generation of n-th path data"
  • the n-th machining path is set such that a collision of elements of the machine tool 100 with elements of the machine tool 100 and elements of the machine tool 100 other than the predetermined tool 130 for the n-th Machining path, with the workpiece 150 when moving the n-th machining path through that for the n-th machining path predetermined tool 130 is prevented.
  • the nth machining path is set so as to prevent collision of elements of the control device 110 of the machine tool 100 with elements of the machine tool 100 such as the chuck 120.
  • the n-th machining path is set such that a collision of elements of the control device 110 with the clamped workpiece 150 is prevented, so that only the predetermined tool 130 comes exclusively for the predetermined removal of material in contact with the workpiece 150.
  • This additionally requires a comparison of the machine tool geometry model data with the machining geometry model data of the workpiece 150 at the particular machining time t n , so that by comparing the machining geometry model data and the machine tool geometry model data, the position and location of the clamped workpiece 150 by knowing the position and Position of the clamping means 120 relative to all elements of the machine tool 100, in particular to elements of the control device 110, is known.
  • step S605 only one machining path is determined at a time, which can be traversed by the tool specified for the nth machining path in such a manner, without causing an undesired collision of elements of the control device 110 with elements of the clamping device 120, elements of the control device 110 comes with the workpiece, and elements of the control device 110 with elements of the machine tool 100.
  • a collision would occur if elements of the control device 110 collide with elements of the machine tool 100 or with the workpiece 150 or come into contact in such a way that a further movement of the processing path through the predetermined tool 130 is not possible.
  • the path calculation in this embodiment is done with an additional predictive interference check.
  • machining paths are set and path data are generated so as to obtain the largest possible machining volume when the predetermined machining path is traveled by the predetermined tool 130, in practice, machining paths are set have a curvilinear, complicated course through the specific difference geometry of the workpiece.
  • the orientation of the given tool 130 relative to the clamped workpiece 150 along the path is thus changed as a function of the determined instantaneous difference geometry, as indicated in the generated path data. Furthermore, on the basis of the web data, a feed rate of the predetermined tool 130 is changed along the defined machining path, so that in each case as far as possible the maximum machining volume of the given tool along the defined machining path is achieved depending on the difference geometry.
  • a load of the given tool that is to say the load due to forces and torques during the travel of the defined machining path as a function of the generated web data does not exceed a maximum permissible load or one or more maximum load values of the given tool 130.
  • machining paths are determined and path data generated as a function of permissible performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool 100.
  • the kinematics of the machine tool 100 include orientability and mobility of the control device 100, feed values of the linear axes and / or rotary axes values (feed values of the rotary axes).
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the control data generating apparatus 700 according to any one of the described embodiments of the method of generating control data according to the present invention.
  • the control data generating device 700 comprises a machining geometry model data generating device 701 and a finished part geometry model data providing device 702. Furthermore, the device 700 comprises a differential geometry model data generating device 703 that is compatible with the machining geometry model data generating device 701 and the finished part geometry. Model data generator 702 is connected. The apparatus 700 further comprises a web data generation device 705, wherein the Web data generation device 705 is connected to at least the difference geometry model data generation device 703.
  • the machining geometry model data generator 701 is suitable for repeatedly generating machining geometry model data of a machining geometry of the workpiece 150 at any machining time, the machining geometry describing the current machining state of the workpiece 150 at that machining timing.
  • the finished part geometry model data providing device 702 is adapted to provide finished part geometry model data, wherein the finished part geometry model data describe the geometry of the finished part of the workpiece 150 to be achieved after machining the workpiece 150 on the machine tool 100 in one or more processing steps.
  • the difference geometry model data generating device 703 is adapted to compare the respective machining geometry model data and the finished part geometry model data and to generate differential geometry model data for a respective machining geometry of the workpiece 150 at a particular machining timing, including a current difference geometry of the workpiece 150 between the two Specify current machining geometry and precast geometry.
  • the difference geometry of the workpiece at the specific machining time corresponding to this processing time exactly the geometry of the material of the workpiece 150, which still has to be removed by one or more predetermined tool (s) 130 of the workpiece 150 to the finished part geometry of the workpiece 150th to reach.
  • the web data generation device 705 is suitable for defining a processing path based on the determined instantaneous difference geometry that a given tool 130 for removing material the particular momentary. Traverse differential geometry by feed. According to the invention, the machining path is determined on the basis of the current difference geometry of the workpiece 150 determined by the differential geometry model data generation device 703.
  • the web data generation device 705 is further adapted to generate web data from the generated difference geometry model data, wherein the web data indicate at which feed rate and with which tool orientation of the given tool relative to the workpiece 150, the predetermined tool 130 is to start a predetermined machining path.
  • the web data is generated by the web data generating device 705 with the proviso that the predetermined tool 130 when traversing a defined by the web data processing path depending on the maximum Zerspanvolumens the given tool 130 a maximum amount of the volume of the particular instantaneous difference geometry of the workpiece 150th per unit time.
  • the device 700 for generating control data comprises a machine tool parameter acquisition device 706 for detecting maximum permissible performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool 100.
  • the machine tool parameter acquisition device 706 is connected at least to the web data generation device 705 so that the web data is dependent on the maximum allowable performance parameters and / or kinetic properties of the machine tool 100 are set.
  • control data generating apparatus 700 includes a machine tool geometry model data generating means 707 for generating machine tool geometry model data describing a current machine tool geometry at an arbitrary machining timing of the workpiece 150.
  • the current machine tool geometry here comprises a momentary relative Orientation and relative position of the given tool 130, elements of the control device 110 and clamping means 120 of the machine tool 100 for clamping the workpiece 150.
  • the machine tool geometry model data generation device 707 is connected at least to the web data generation device 705, such that the machining path and the associated web data from the web data generation device 705 are additionally based on the machine tool geometry model data and / or on the basis of a comparison of the machine tool geometry model data with the machining geometry Model data are determined so that a collision of elements of the machine tool 100 with elements of the machine tool 100 and elements of the machine tool 100, except the predetermined tool 130, with the workpiece 150 is prevented when moving the predetermined machining path through the predetermined tool 150.
  • the apparatus 700 includes a tool selector 708 connected to the web data generation device 705, the tool selector 708 being adapted for repeatedly selecting a tool having a comparatively high maximum machining volume depending on the current differential geometry model data as a given tool.
  • the tool selection device 708 is connected to a tool storage detection device 710 and a tool change setting device 709.
  • the tool storage detecting means 710 detects the tool storage of the machine tool 100. That is, the tool storage detecting means 710 detects the stocking on tools 141a-d and 130 on the machine tool 100, and also detects the characteristics of the respective tools 141a-d and 130, such that the tool storage detecting means 710 detects all the tools 141 and 130 received from the tool selecting means 708 may be determined as a predetermined tool 130, wherein the tool storage detecting means 710 additionally detects the respective maximum machining volume and / or the one or more maximum load values of the respective tools.
  • the tool selector 708 may determine a tool as a given tool 130 depending on the maximum machining volume of that tool.
  • the tool change-Fectionungs worn 709 detects the previously specified tool 130 on the machine tool, that is, the tool with which the control device 110 of the machine tool is equipped.
  • the tool selecting means 708 selects a tool as a given tool 130 for another machining path, this given tool 130 being a tool other than the tool previously equipped in the control apparatus 110 of the machine tool 100, then sets the tool change setting means 709 fixed a tool change, so that the tool with which the control device 110 of the machine tool 100 is equipped, is replaced by the predetermined for the next processing path predetermined tool 130.
  • Such a tool change is required, for example, if material still needs to be removed from the workpiece 150, but the difference geometry is such that with the previous predetermined tool 130 no further processing path can be determined such that material is removed from the differential geometry, without violating the precast geometry.
  • the device 700 for generating control data comprises a display device 711 for visual presentation of a virtual SD model of the blank geometry, machining geometry, finished part geometry, difference geometry or machine tool geometry on the basis of the respective model data.
  • the presentation device 711 can visually represent the individual virtual 3D models, or more of them Model data specified geometries simultaneously.
  • the presentation device 711 enables the visual representation of a defined processing path through the difference geometry of the workpiece. This allows a manual operator of the machine tool 100 or the apparatus 700 to visually inspect or check the generated control data, the set machining paths, the generated control data, or also the machining states of the workpiece.
  • the apparatus 700 is connected directly to the machine tool 100 via an interface.
  • the device 700 generates the control data according to one of the embodiments of the method for generating control data according to the present invention directly during the machining of the workpiece 150 on the machine tool 100.
  • the web data generation device 705 generates path data, which is then immediately sent to the Control device 110 of the machine tool 100 are passed so that the control device 110 controls the predetermined tool 130 directly along the specified machining path based on the generated web data and removes material from the workpiece 150.
  • a new machining geometry of the workpiece results. This is indicated by the machining geometry model data generator 701 by the generated machining geometry model data.
  • the device 700 then generates control data for the next processing step if the processing geometry does not yet correspond to the desired finished part geometry. For this purpose, differential geometry model data of the current machining geometry are again generated, so that again a further machining path with the associated web data can be determined.
  • the tool change setting device 709 initiates an actual tool change, in which the previously equipped in the control device 110 tool 130 with another, coming from the tool magazine 140 tool 141a-d is changed, provided that the tool selector 708 other than that predetermined tool 130 selects as predetermined for the next processing path tool 130.
  • a further machining path is defined by generating path data by the web data generation device 705. This is done according to the invention on the basis of the current specific difference geometry with the proviso to achieve the largest possible actual cutting volume when driving off the new predetermined tool 130 along the specified machining path, where possible the maximum Zerspanvolumen the given tool 130 is to be achieved.
  • the web data are forwarded via the interface directly to the machine tool 100, so that the machine tool 100 controls the predetermined tool 130 with the control device 110 along the defined machining path based on the generated web data based on the generated control data, so that material is removed from the workpiece 150.
  • This can be repeated according to the second embodiment of the method for generating control data according to the present invention, until the finished part, or the finished part geometry of the workpiece 150 is reached.
  • control data generating apparatus 700 is interfaced not with an actual machine tool 100 but with a simulation device for simulating a virtual machine tool.
  • a simulation device for a virtual machine tool which is suitable for simulating a simulation of a machining of a workpiece on a machine tool, is known, for example, from DE 10 2006 043390 A1 of the applicant.
  • the optimum here means a processing path or a sequence of processing paths and associated path data, wherein the processing path and the path data are determined according to the method of the present invention, so that the processing time of the workpiece is optimally reduced due to the selected or predetermined processing paths.
  • the apparatus 700 additionally includes a machining simulation device 712 for simulating the running of a machining path determined from web data generated by the web data generating device 705 by a virtual given tool, the machining geometry model data generating device 701 machining model data of a 3D virtual model generates a machining geometry of the virtual workpiece, which is a virtual AbtragsTalk the workpiece Describe a processing time after the departure of a first predetermined machining path was simulated by a virtual predetermined tool by the machining simulation device 712.
  • the finished part geometry providing means 702 provides finished part geometry model data of a virtual 3D model of the finished part geometry describing a finished part geometry of the virtual workpiece, the difference geometry model data generation device 703 based on a comparison of the finished part geometry model data and the machining geometry model data current difference geometry model data generated, which describe a difference geometry of the material that still has to be removed from the virtual workpiece to achieve the finished part geometry.
  • the web data generation device 705 uses the difference geometry model data to generate web data defining a machining path with the proviso that the simulation of the second machining path by the machining simulation device depending on a maximum machining volume for the given tool, the virtual predefined tool a maximum of part Volume of the difference geometry of the workpiece per unit time removes.
  • the apparatus 700 or the virtual machine tool which is connected to the device 700 for generating control data, comprises a storage means for storing the generated control data, the defined processing paths, the associated path data and possibly the specified tool changes. These data can then be transferred to an actual machine tool after the simulation has been completed, so that this machine tool can use the control data to process an actual workpiece with an actual given tool on the basis of the control data.
  • the exemplary embodiments and drawings listed here are to be understood as purely illustrative and not restrictive. It is possible to combine the features described in the embodiments in a different way with each other, in order to provide in this way further embodiments, which are optimized for the corresponding application. As far as such modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, they should be implicitly disclosed by the above description of the embodiments.
  • a control data generating apparatus 700 according to the first embodiment of the control data generating method requires only a machining geometry model data generating means 701, a finished part geometry model data generating means 702, a difference geometry model data generating means 703, and a web data generating means 705 All other devices of the device 700 as described in Fig. 7 are optional for this first embodiment of the method for generating control data.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de génération de données de commande pour commander un outil prédéfini sur une machine-outil, en vue d'usiner par enlèvement de copeaux une pièce serrée dans la machine-outil et d'obtenir une pièce finie à partir d'une pièce brute. Des données de modèle d'une géométrie d'usinage de la pièce à un instant de l'usinage sont comparées aux données de modèle de la géométrie de la pièce finie pour déterminer une différence entre la géométrie d'usinage et la géométrie de la pièce finie. Au vu de la différence de géométrie déterminée, une trajectoire d'usinage est définie pour l'outil prédéfini afin d'enlever de la matière sur la pièce et des données de trajectoire sont générées, de telle sorte qu'en fonction d'un volume maximal de copeaux enlevés par l'outil prédéfini, une proportion maximale du volume de la différence de géométrie soit enlevée par unité de temps.
PCT/EP2010/002072 2009-04-02 2010-03-31 Procédé et dispositif de génération de données de commande pour commander un outil sur une machine-outil WO2010112217A1 (fr)

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