WO2010102435A1 - Procédé et appareil d'un système de communication à accès multiples - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'un système de communication à accès multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010102435A1
WO2010102435A1 PCT/CN2009/070680 CN2009070680W WO2010102435A1 WO 2010102435 A1 WO2010102435 A1 WO 2010102435A1 CN 2009070680 W CN2009070680 W CN 2009070680W WO 2010102435 A1 WO2010102435 A1 WO 2010102435A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signature
elements
matrix
sequence
communication system
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Application number
PCT/CN2009/070680
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English (en)
Inventor
Branislav Popovic
Jaap Van De Beek
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN200980156583.4A priority Critical patent/CN102232319B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2009/070680 priority patent/WO2010102435A1/fr
Publication of WO2010102435A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010102435A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communications of a plurality of user entities of multiple-access communication systems. Particularly, it relates to discriminating between signals, communications sessions or connections to/from various user entities in such systems by means of signature sequences.
  • CDMA Code-Division Multiple-Access
  • Multipath propagation however, deteriorates the performance of CDMA systems, as the multiple reflections of each signature sequence element result in a distortion of the transmitted signature sequences.
  • the cross-correlations of the received, distorted signature sequences deviate from the designed minimized values.
  • Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission systems provide alternative transmission methods for simultaneous multiple-access communication.
  • OFDM systems use a transmitted cyclic prefix for each block of transmitted symbols to make the multipath fading channel appear as a single-path channel on each of the orthogonal detected subcarriers in the receiver. This allows for less complex receivers than receivers used in single carrier-systems.
  • OFDM systems cannot directly exploit the potential diversity gain of the multipath fading channel. Therefore so-called MC-CDMA, or Spread-OFDM, systems have been developed as a compromise between, on the one hand, the diversity gain and multiple-access capability of CDMA systems, and, on the other hand, receiver simplicity pertained to OFDM systems.
  • MC-CDMA or Spread-OFDM
  • These systems employ a method wherein each information symbol (possibly obtained by error-correction encoding) is multiplied with a user-specific signature consisting of a sequence of m spreading symbols (often referred to as chips) .
  • the information symbols are then transmitted over m orthogonal subcarriers, where each chip of the spread information symbol modulates a dedicated subcarrier. Similar to an OFDM system, a cyclic prefix is transmitted for each block of transmitted information symbols.
  • MC-CDMA systems posses good properties of both CDMA and OFDM, such systems also inherit one of the drawbacks of CDMA systems: multiple-access inter-symbol interference in case of multipath propagation channels.
  • the (receiver) detector that minimizes the symbol error probability in such systems is the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detector.
  • MAP maximum a posteriori probability
  • This detector is often too complex for practical use, and therefore various suboptimal multi-user detection (MUD) methods have been developed. All such suboptimal MUD methods, however, are, in one way or another, approximations of the optimal, joint maximum likelihood (ML) detection.
  • MUD receivers are typically still very complex, the complexity increasing exponentially with the length of signatures.
  • MUD methods have been independent of the signature design.
  • the only aspect that typically influences MUD implementation complexity is the number of signatures.
  • MUD complexity can also be reduced by specially designed signatures .
  • LDS signatures include Low-Density Spreading (LDS) signatures.
  • An LDS signature of length m is a sequence of m spreading symbols (chips) such that w c chips are not equal to zero, while m-w c are equal to zero, while fulfilling w c « m.
  • the set of n LDS signatures are obtained from a single generic signature, consisting of w c consecutive BPSK symbols followed by m-w c zeros.
  • the remaining n-1 signatures are obtained as cyclic shifts of the generic signature .
  • the chips of all signatures are permuted (interleaved) in the same way, according to a single, common permutation vector to improve the diversity gain on the fading channel by placing the nonzero elements of each signature in the set as far apart as possible.
  • the received signal is inversely permuted and then equalised, despread, using a MAP detector.
  • BP belief propagation
  • This MUD algorithm aims at approximating the MAP detector by iterating belief values and assumes that a signature-sequence matrix is a low-density matrix of so-called Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) type.
  • LDPC Low-Density Parity-Check
  • the belief propagation algorithm is of considerably lower complexity than the MAP detector and still, although depending on the particular signature-sequences being used, its performance can be close to that of the MAP detector.
  • Figure 1 discloses an exemplary multiple-access communication system in which the present invention can be utilized.
  • Figure 2 discloses an example of a low density signature sequence matrix of a multiple access system based on OFDM.
  • Figs 3a-c disclose performance examples according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs 4a-c disclose performance examples according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 discloses a performance example according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • each user may employ a single signature-set, typically allocated during the establishment of a connection, independently of the instantaneous number of concurrently used signatures by other users.
  • a single signature-set typically allocated during the establishment of a connection, independently of the instantaneous number of concurrently used signatures by other users.
  • a signature sequence matrix allows use of any number of the signature sequences provided by the matrix, i.e. it is not required that all sequences are used all the time. That is, LDS-CDMA systems based on the BP detector using the present invention support a variable number of users and/or data rates with only one signature matrix.
  • signature sequences consist of a plurality of symbols (chips) . These signature sequence symbols, or coefficients, are beneficially represented by columns of a matrix, since this allows use of the relatively simple system description described below. For the sake of simplicity, signature sequences are therefore described as columns of a signature-sequence matrix in the following description and claims. Naturally, signature sequences can be described in various other ways, e.g. by rows of a matrix, or as individual column or row vectors. Such variations, however, can be rewritten to a matrix as used herein in a straight-forward manner, and are therefore to be included in the signature sequence matrix definition used in the following description and claims .
  • the term "set” as used herein follows the definition of the well-known set theory, i.e. every element of a set is unique and no two elements of the set are identical. Consequently, when a set includes e.g. W elements in the following description and claims, it follows from the above that the set includes W elements that are distinct.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a simplified architecture of a multiple- access communication system 100 according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1. Although applicable in various kinds of multiple-access communication systems employing signature (spreading) sequences, such as single-carrier communication systems (e.g. WCDMA system) the present invention will be described in the following with reference to a system utilizing OFDM structure.
  • signature single-carrier communication systems
  • a plurality of user entities 102-109 such as mobile phones, smartphones or handheld computers having communication capabilities, are communicating with a stationary radio access node, such as a radio base station 101.
  • the user entities 107 preferably comprises communications means including transmitter circuitry 1071 or receiver circuitry 1072, not excluding both.
  • processing such as signal processing or logic processing
  • also processing circuitry 1073 is included in the figure.
  • transmit circuitry 1071 or receive circuitry 1072 should include radio frequency circuitry.
  • other carrier frequencies than radio frequencies may be of interest and circuitry for corresponding frequencies then be included.
  • the radio access node is responsible for physical-layer processing such as modulation and spreading, and, depending on the particular communication system, the radio access node is denoted, e.g., base station, NodeB or eNodeB.
  • the radio base station 101 preferably comprises communications means, including transmitter circuitry 1011 or receiver circuitry 1012, not excluding both.
  • processing circuitry 1013 is included in the figure.
  • transmit circuitry 1011 or receive circuitry 1012 should include radio frequency circuitry.
  • a communication network consists of, in general, a radio access network (RAN) and a core network.
  • a multi-access communication system in general comprises a plurality of radio access nodes to provide user entity mobility.
  • a radio access node handles communication over a radio interface in a certain coverage area.
  • the communication between the user entities 102-109 and the radio access node employ signature sequences (spreading codes) in uplink and/or downlink to discriminate between signals to/from different users.
  • a base station such as base station 101
  • AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
  • the detector complexity should be as low as possible, for example, the BP- detection method fulfils such relatively low complexity and is applicable to any choice of the actual values of the signature sequences .
  • the present invention is related to such selection of signature sequences, and more specifically to signature sequences that can be written as a low density (sparse) matrix, that is, a matrix populated primarily with zeros, and in particular a matrix wherein the number of non-zero elements of any row of said matrix is substantially smaller than the number of zero elements of the said row, and wherein the number of non-zero elements of any column of said matrix is substantially smaller than the number of zero elements of the said column. Further, at least one element of each row and column must constitute a non-zero element.
  • Figure 2 discloses an example of the concept of a low density signature sequence matrix of an OFDM based system. This means that instead of using the signature sequences for spreading symbols of an individual user entity over the whole channel frequency spectrum as in, e.g., WCDMA, the signature sequences are used to modulate which subcarriers a particular user entity will use in the communication with the radio access node. According to the disclosed example, the filled (non-blank) positions in the matrix in figure 2 represent non-zero elements. Further, according to the exemplary matrix disclosed in figure 2, there are 24 signature sequences, each modulating 2 subcarriers out of a total of 24 subcarriers, i.e. the system supports simultaneous transmission of up to 24 user entities using only 12 subcarriers. It is, of course, possible to use signature sequences that consist of different number of nonzero elements, i.e. one signature sequence may employ a single non-zero element, while another employs three, four or more non-zero elements.
  • the low-density signature sequences according to the present invention are columns of a deterministically constructed signature matrix.
  • the columns of S are then signatures used by the transmitting and receiving device.
  • the signature matrix S is constructed as follows: as was mentioned above, S is of the low-density type.
  • S can be constructed in a manner such that it has non-zero entries only in positions indicated by a low-density parity-check (LDPC) indicator matrix.
  • LDPC low-density parity-check
  • the design of this kind of matrices have been subject to extensive research over the past years in a completely different context (channel coding theory) .
  • the number of columns in S is the total number of signature sequences available in the cell, or system, and the number of rows in S is the number of chips over which all transmitted information can be spread.
  • the performance of the system can be improved by assigning values to the non-zero elements of the matrix S in a manner such that no two non-zero elements on a single row are the same, i.e. all elements on a single row are distinct.
  • the values of the non-zero elements of matrix S are elements of a finite complex-valued constellation set C, i.e. the values are selected from a limited number of possible values. Examples of such constellation sets will be given below.
  • the restriction of using a matrix wherein non-zero elements of any single row of constitute distinct elements has the advantage that decodability properties of the system are improved, in particular with regard to overloaded systems. Also, it is considerably simpler to establish signature sequences resulting in satisfactory- system performance as compared to the prior art.
  • Row-wise unique decodability the sums of non-zero elements in each row of S, where each non-zero row element is modulated with an arbitrary information symbol from the constellation of q information symbols, are all distinct for distinct vectors of modulating information symbols. (All vectors Sx are distinct in each element) .
  • the size of the signature constellation set is preferably as small as possible while still satisfying the abovementioned lower-bound. That is, a size of the signature constellation set C that is at least equal to the maximum number of non-zero elements that can appear in a row of S .
  • One way of defining the elements of said set of elements C are elements being describable by values of a mathematical expression constituting a periodical or substantially periodical function.
  • the performance of the system can typically be measured as the gap to the single-user bound (the performance of a system employing only one user, hence free from inter-user interference) .
  • this gap may be smaller or larger (even for the MAP detector) .
  • the non-zero elements of the matrix S can all advantageously consist of unit-modulus elements, or at least substantially unit modulus elements. Use of elements having the same or substantially the same modulus is beneficial from power control point of view. This means that in this embodiment the choice of non-zero values is limited to relatively restricted signature constellation.
  • P in ( 2 ) can be chosen as :
  • P q . W ⁇ - ( 5 ) gcd(q,W)
  • q is the largest information constellation size employed by said active users, that is, the number of symbol alternatives provided by the particular modulation scheme being used, e.g. 2 for BPSK, 4 for QPSK etc. (the information constellation can, for example, be any from the group: M-PSK, M-QAM) .
  • min(q,W) is the smallest of the numbers q and W
  • gcd(q,W) is the greatest integer dividing both q and W without remainder.
  • the number of users is variable, i.e., the systems are scalable.
  • the uplink of a mobile communication system multiple users concurrently transmit signals to the same base station.
  • the number of concurrently received signals although variable, is always known at the base station receiver.
  • the synchronicity allows the use of BP detection.
  • a signature sequence according to the present invention allows use of any number of columns of S to be used as signature sequences, i.e. it is not required that all signature sequences are always being simultaneously used. This further has the advantage that a signature sequence need be assigned only once at the time of establishment of the connection between said user entity and communication system to be maintained for the duration of said connection.
  • Signature-sequence matrix S is further restricted such that also non-zero elements of any single column of said matrix S constitute distinct elements of said finite set of elements C.
  • Figures 3a-c show the BPSK-performance for a 150% loaded system with a signature matrix of size 10x15, 14x21, and 16x24, respectively.
  • Figures 4a-c show three QPSK-scenarios with a 150% load and with a signature matrix of size 10x15, 14x21, and 16x24, respectively.
  • the performance of signature sequence design (4) outperforms the randomly chosen signature sequences from the prior art by many decibels at higher SNRs.
  • From the QPSK simulation results it is clear that the users experience a performance loss compared to the single user performance. This leads to a reduction of the data throughput for individual users. On the other hand, there are 50% more users in the system and hence, the cell throughput, the sum of all users' throughputs increases.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the performance of the (10,15) system with QPSK modulation for the case where only 10 of the 15 possible codes are used instantaneously, that is a scaled system performance of QPSK, 150%-load (10,15) system with instantaneous load of 100%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil d'un système de communication à accès multiples permettant la communication simultanée avec une pluralité d'entités d'utilisateurs. Des séquences de signatures sont utilisées pour faire la différence entre des signaux allant vers différentes entités d'utilisateurs et/ou provenant de celles-ci. Dans une représentation matricielle donnée à titre d'exemple, les séquences de signatures peuvent être décrites comme des éléments d'une colonne d'une matrice de séquences de signatures, ladite matrice de séquences signatures étant une matrice à faible densité et une matrice dans laquelle les éléments non nuls de n'importe quelle rangée de la matrice constituent des éléments distincts d'un ensemble fini d'éléments.
PCT/CN2009/070680 2009-03-09 2009-03-09 Procédé et appareil d'un système de communication à accès multiples WO2010102435A1 (fr)

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US20140169239A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. System and Method for Terminal Cooperation Based on Sparse Multi-Dimensional Spreading
US20140169409A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Systems and Methods for Open-loop Spatial Multiplexing Schemes for Radio Access Virtualization
WO2015032317A1 (fr) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-12 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Système et procédé permettant d'augmenter un espace de signature de faible densité
JP2016502357A (ja) * 2012-12-14 2016-01-21 ホアウェイ・テクノロジーズ・カンパニー・リミテッド 低密度拡散変調検出のためのシステム及び方法
EP3226628A4 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2017-12-06 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'informations d'indication
US9923701B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2018-03-20 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for asynchronous OFDMA/SC-FDMA
CN108847911A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-11-20 西安交通大学 一种基于独立性校验编码的ofdm信道训练鉴权方法
US10135655B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2018-11-20 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Indication information transmission method and apparatus
US10356788B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2019-07-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for high-rate sparse code multiple access in downlink
US10531432B2 (en) 2015-03-25 2020-01-07 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for resource allocation for sparse code multiple access transmissions
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US11122561B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2021-09-14 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for terminal cooperation based on sparse multi-dimensional spreading
US20140169409A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Systems and Methods for Open-loop Spatial Multiplexing Schemes for Radio Access Virtualization
CN104838371B (zh) * 2012-12-14 2019-03-08 华为技术有限公司 基于稀疏多维扩频的终端协作的系统和方法
US20140169239A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. System and Method for Terminal Cooperation Based on Sparse Multi-Dimensional Spreading
JP2016535536A (ja) * 2013-09-09 2016-11-10 ホアウェイ・テクノロジーズ・カンパニー・リミテッド 低密度署名空間を増大させるためのシステム及び方法
US10700838B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2020-06-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for increasing low density signature space
EP3031280A4 (fr) * 2013-09-09 2016-09-14 Huawei Tech Co Ltd Système et procédé permettant d'augmenter un espace de signature de faible densité
US9641303B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2017-05-02 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for increasing low density signature space
WO2015032317A1 (fr) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-12 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Système et procédé permettant d'augmenter un espace de signature de faible densité
US10735228B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2020-08-04 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Uplink access method, apparatus, and system
US10701685B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2020-06-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for asynchronous OFDMA/SC-FDMA
US9923701B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2018-03-20 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for asynchronous OFDMA/SC-FDMA
US10461913B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2019-10-29 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Indication information transmission method and apparatus
EP3226628A4 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2017-12-06 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'informations d'indication
US10135655B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2018-11-20 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Indication information transmission method and apparatus
US10531432B2 (en) 2015-03-25 2020-01-07 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for resource allocation for sparse code multiple access transmissions
US10356788B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2019-07-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for high-rate sparse code multiple access in downlink
CN108847911A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-11-20 西安交通大学 一种基于独立性校验编码的ofdm信道训练鉴权方法

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