WO2010096610A2 - Compositions and methods for increasing tightly bound water in hair - Google Patents
Compositions and methods for increasing tightly bound water in hair Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010096610A2 WO2010096610A2 PCT/US2010/024655 US2010024655W WO2010096610A2 WO 2010096610 A2 WO2010096610 A2 WO 2010096610A2 US 2010024655 W US2010024655 W US 2010024655W WO 2010096610 A2 WO2010096610 A2 WO 2010096610A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hair
- composition
- tourmaline
- bound water
- tightly bound
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000640 hair analysis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108700041430 link Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002385 Sodium hyaluronate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940057910 shea butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940010747 sodium hyaluronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YWIVKILSMZOHHF-QJZPQSOGSA-N sodium;(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-2-[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2- Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 YWIVKILSMZOHHF-QJZPQSOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRPCXAMJWCDHFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1 CRPCXAMJWCDHFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000231 tourmaline group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/965—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of inanimate origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/04—Preparations for permanent waving or straightening the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/81—Preparation or application process involves irradiation
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of hair conditioning and protection. More particularly, it is in the field of conditioning and protecting hair by non-chemical means.
- a fiber of human hair comprises three main morphological components: the cuticle, the cortex, and the cell membrane complex, which itself is comprised of a protein matrix of keratin peptide chains, such as cysteine. A medulla may also be present. These peptide chains are linked to each other by disulfide bonds.
- the natural shape and structural integrity of human hair fiber depend, in part, on the orientation of the disulfide bonds which link the protein chains.
- the health and condition of hair also depend on the moisture content in the hair.
- hair is routinely assaulted by exposure to high heat and/or by exposure to chemicals that are reactive with hair.
- hair may be exposed to damaging heat from a hair dryer, a flat iron curler, or the sun. Hair begins to denature at temperatures that routinely achieved by these sources, 150 - 250 0 C, for example. Hair may be intentionally exposed to damaging chemicals during straightening, perming, coloring or other cosmetic treatment, for example. Hair may also be exposed to chemicals unintentionally, as from pollution, for example. Heat or chemicals can cause hair to lose moisture.
- US 5,395,490 discloses a method of reshaping human hair by using electromagnetic radiation to rearrange disulfide bonds within the hair. Disulfide interactions are part of the hair protein's tertiary structure. During the time that the hair is exposed to the electromagnetic energy, stress is applied to the hair. As a result, once the disulfide bond is broken, each S atom is available to form a different bond with some other dissociated S atom. The structure of the new bond is determined in part by the stress.
- the energy required to raise an isolated disulfide bond from its ground state to the continuum i.e. the dissociation energy
- this energy may be supplied from a single photon or from a series of photons.
- photon frequencies There is a range of photon frequencies that may be used to cleave the disulfide bonds, however, the most efficient process takes advantage of a resonance condition.
- the '490 reference suggests that the energy levels of an isolated S 2 molecule lie within a frequency range of 2 x 10 13 to 1 x 10 15 Hz (corresponding to about 0.30 to 15 ⁇ m wavelength or about ⁇ .08 to 4.13 eV).
- the '490 reference suggests that in hair, the disulfide bond is subject to other forces, and therefore a frequency range of 1 x 10 13 to 2 x 10 15 Hz (corresponding to about 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength or 0.04 to 8.3 eV) is preferred.
- a frequency range of 1 x 10 13 to 2 x 10 15 Hz corresponding to about 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength or 0.04 to 8.3 eV.
- US 5,395,490 fails to disclose a composition that comprises a material that is able to radiate in a wavelength range around 20 ⁇ m. It fails to disclose applying the composition to the hair. It fails to disclose activating the material in the composition to radiate in a wavelength range around 20 ⁇ m. It fails to disclose methods of treating the hair, as disclosed herein.
- the '490 patent applies radiation to the disulfide bonds from complicated high and low frequency wave form generators and supporting electronics.
- the present invention suggests a device no more complicated than a hair dryer.
- '490 discloses a range of photon energies 0.04 to 8.3eV, that includes the dissociation energy of S 2 , about 2.2eV. This is unlike the present invention where a device capable of producing photons at 2.2eV is neither required, nor preferred.
- WO/1994/010873 and WO/1994/010874 disclose methods of treating hair, in particular human head hair, for cosmetic purposes.
- the hair is exposed to light with an intensity and wavelength chosen so that the protein structure of the hair is altered to produce the desired cosmetic effect.
- the effect is shaping hair.
- the reference discloses using light of wavelength 400 to 600 nm (0.4 - 0.6 ⁇ m), well below the approximately 20 ⁇ m described in the present invention.
- a single photon having wavelength of 400 to 600 nm "carries" about 2.05 - 3.0 eV of energy (which lies within the 0.04 to 8.3 eV range of the '490 patent, above).
- the energy required to raise a disulfide bond from its ground state to the continuum is, reportedly, about 2.2eV.
- the '873 reference suggests using a narrower range of frequencies than the '490 patent, but centered around the S 2 dissociation energy. It is reasonable to expect that a wider range of frequencies disclosed in the '490 patent will be more efficient at cleaving disulfide bonds than the narrow range of frequencies disclosed in the '873 reference.
- WO/1994/010874 the cosmetic effect in view, is improved hair coloring.
- light is used having a wavelength between approximately 600 nm and 1200 nm, so that a change of enzyme coordinate and/or a change of the redox potentials results.
- hair coloring is improved, i.e. the colors are more brilliant than without influence of light, and less colorant is necessary than with conventional coloring.
- 600 to 1200 nm (0.6 - 1.2 ⁇ m) is well below the approximately 20 ⁇ m utilized in the present invention.
- WO/1994/010873 and WO/1994/010874 fail to disclose a composition that comprises a material that is able to radiate in a wavelength range around 20 ⁇ m.
- US 5,858,179 discloses a combination of chemicals and electromagnetic radiation used to alter the physical characteristics of keratinic fibers such as mammalian or human hair.
- a non-irritating, non-reactive disulfide, in the form of a solution or gel, is first contacted with the hair.
- Electromagnetic radiation is then applied to the hair to photo-chemically convert the disulfide into a dithiol.
- the dithiol breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair, so that the hair can be permanently re-shaped.
- US 5,858,179 fails to disclose a composition that comprises a material that is able to radiate in a wavelength range around 20 ⁇ m. It fails to disclose applying such a composition to the hair.
- US 5,858,179 does not use electromagnetic radiation directly on the disulfide bond, to break the bond. Rather, the radiation used is chosen to convert free disulfide into dithiol using a reported wavelength of 200 to 530 nm (2.3 to 6.2 eV). Furthermore, the present invention does not require a device to generate electromagnetic radiation at specific frequencies. Rather, the present invention suggests a device no more complicated than a hair dryer.
- US 3,863,653 discloses a method and apparatus for treating fibers by enclosing them within a resonant cavity to which high frequency current is supplied, the resonant frequency and impedance of said cavity being matched to that of its supply. This method is really an adjunct to a chemical treatment method.
- US 3,863,653 uses high frequency radiation to heat hair from the inside, thereby accelerating the chemical reactions and reducing the time that the hair must be exposed to the potentially damaging chemicals.
- the frequency of radiation disclosed is from 10 - 4000 MHz, wholly unsuitable for use in the present invention. Tourmaline
- Tourmaline is an acentric rhombohedral borosilicate characterized by six-membered tetrahedral rings. It is a semi-precious stone, and a crystal silicate compounded with varying amount of elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium.
- compositions of tourmaline vary widely, and one general formula has been written as
- X Ca, Na, K, vacancy
- Y Li, Mg, Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn, Al, Cr 3+ , V 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ti 4+
- Z Mg, Al, Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ , V 3+
- V OH, O;
- W OH, F, O (Hawthorne and Henry 1999, Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 201-215).
- IMA International Mineralogical Association
- Hawthorne and Henry (1999) have grouped these into three principal groups, based on the dominant occupancy of the X site. These groups are the alkali group, the calcic group and the X-site vacant group.
- the following table with updated information is reproduced from http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Research/tourmaline/TourmalineClassification.htm.
- performance may vary from one variety to another.
- emissivity and absorption spectra may vary from one variety to another.
- intensity of emitted radiation and the activation energy may vary from one variety to another.
- Infrared energy help revitalize the scalp to maintain optimum hair health.
- Hai Flat Iron Fluid by Angles BeautyCare Group contains tourmaline, which the manufacturer asserts, "is claimed to deliver weightless moisture and increased absorption for beautifully conditioned hair, protect it against heat damage, reduce static, and provide longer lasting color and gorgeous shine.”
- a composition that comprises a tourmaline (or any other material) that is able to radiate in a wavelength range around 20 ⁇ m, and nothing suggests activating such a material to radiate in a wavelength range around 20 ⁇ m. Even if the tourmaline does radiate in this range, nothing in the prior art suggests that the intensity is sufficient to protect hair from damage caused by heat or chemical treatment.
- tourmaline is not reported to increase the moisture content of hair.
- Tourmaline hair dryers are also known. Such hair dryers contain tourmaline crystals that deliver negative ions and far-infrared heat, which, reportedly, dries hair from the inside out. As a result, a person can dry hair faster, and the hair is left healthy and shiny with optimum manageability.
- Flat irons for shaping hair are also known to contain tourmaline.
- the tourmaline supplies negative ions that yield softer and shinier hair, while infrared heat is associated with improved hair moisture and luster. Hair brushes and hair setting rollers with tourmaline are known. Often, the benefit associated with tourmaline is less frizz, due to an ionic effect.
- the present invention is a topical composition that increases the moisture content of human hair.
- the composition comprises one or more materials that emit or are induced to emit electromagnetic radiation at specified wavelengths.
- the photon energies employed are well below the dissociation energy of a ground state disulfide bond.
- the intensity of the radiation is controlled and the process, apparently, increase the moisture content of hair.
- the treatment may be effective on its own or as an adjunct.
- the techniques disclosed herein, are non-chemical.
- the invention includes compositions that may be washed out of the hair after a period of time, and compositions that are intended to remain in the hair for additional or extended benefits.
- the invention includes methods of using a topical composition that comprises one or more materials that emit or are induced to emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths that leads to an increase the moisture content of hair. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- Figure 1 is a graph of the emissivity vs. wavelength of red tourmaline at 78°C.
- Figure 2 is a graph of the radiance vs. wavelength of red tourmaline at 78°C.
- the present invention lies in the unexpected discovery that hair moisture may be increased, via non-chemical means, with electromagnetic energy that is supplied by a tourmaline containing topical composition.
- non-chemical we mean that the materials in the compositions disclosed herein, do not act as reagents or catalysts with hair.
- non- chemical we further mean that pure energy is supplied to the hair.
- topical means applied to the surface of the hair, particularly human head hair.
- the present invention also lies in the surprising discovery that certain materials can be incorporated into stable, commercially acceptable, topical hair products in quantities that are sufficient to increase the moisture of human head hair. By moisturizing the hair, the hair is protected from damaging effects, including the damaging effects of chemical and heat exposure.
- compositions of the present invention will generally be exposed to temperatures between about 25°C and 175°C. Therefore, a suitable material is one that, between about 25°C and 175°C, emits electromagnetic radiation in a range of wavelengths that lead to an increase moisture content of hair. We have achieved significant, unexpected results with a range of wavelengths of about 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m.
- a suitable material of the present invention is one that, between about 25°C and 175°C, emits electromagnetic radiation at an intensity that is useful to increase moisture in human hair.
- An intensity is considered “useful to increase moisture in human hair” if the hair being treated achieves a significant increase in moisture in a commercially acceptable amount of time.
- commercially acceptable amount of time we mean less than about one hour, more preferably, less than about 30 minutes, more preferably still, less than about 10 minutes, most preferably less than about 5 minutes. This time to increase moisture is measured from the moment the composition is placed on the hair and activated. So, if an otherwise useful material would require an unacceptably long time to effect the desired change (3 hours, for example), then that material is less suitable or not at all suitable for use in the present invention, because such a product has low commercial viability.
- intensity (or better, radiance) of a material is the energy per second emitted from a unit area of the material, into a unit solid angle. Radiance depends on the temperature of the material. Thus, to find a suitable material, one could begin by looking at radiance verses wavelength curves of various materials, to find those materials that have a more prominent intensity in the 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength range, when heated to the temperature range of interest, i.e. 25°C - 175°C or 40 0 C - 60 0 C or 60 0 C - 80 0 C and so forth. Determining what is a useful intensity may best be done by trial and error. A candidate material may be incorporated into a base hair composition, and applied to the hair in commercially reasonable amounts.
- the intensity may be considered useful. Aside from wavelength and intensity, other parameters should be considered when attempting to identify a suitable material according to the present invention.
- the source of radiation is a sophisticated electronic, multi-frequency electromagnetic wave generating device, that has its own power source.
- the power source is the heat supplied to the suitable material (as from a hair dryer or flat iron), which is re-radiated in a wavelength- intensity spectrum that is characteristic of the material.
- the input power is limited to what is safely supplied by a generic consumer hair dryer or flat iron.
- a suitable material be relatively efficient at re- radiating the energy that it absorbs so that the intensity will be useful.
- the emissivity a measure of a material's ability to radiate the energy that the material has absorbed.
- An example of an inefficient material for the present invention is one that radiates at a suitable wavelength, but the amount of material needed to increase moisture in the hair is commercially and/or cosmetically infeasible.
- the emissivity of a material also depends on the temperature of the material.
- Suitable materials have emissivity greater than about 0.50.
- Preferred materials have an emissivity greater than about 0.80. Materials most preferred have emissivity greater than about 0.90.
- initial requirements for a suitable material include: one that that has emissivity greater than about 0.50, so that when heated to 25°C - 175°C the material emits in the 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength range, at an intensity that leads to an increase in moisture in human hair, in a commercially acceptable amount of time. It was wholly unclear that such a material should exist or that human hair could be moistened by radiation coming from a material that is activated with heat. This is because, in general, we think of heat and radiation as damaging and drying to human hair. c. Commercial considerations
- a suitable material is one that is suitable for use in cosmetic preparations, from a safety standpoint; at a minimum meeting all relevant controlling regulations for cosmetic products. So, if an otherwise useful material is banned by all or some regulatory authorities, then that material is less suitable or not at all suitable, because a commercial product cannot be achieved. It was surprising that material(s) meeting all of the physical, formulary and commercial requirements herein discussed, could be found.
- Activation / deactivation of the suitable material is one that must be activated before it will significantly affect the tightly bound moisture content of human hair, and which can be deactivated to stop the effect. It is realized that many materials, even at room temperature, emit some radiation in the 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength range. However, by “activated”, we mean that the intensity of radiation emitted by the suitable material is "useful to increase moisture in human hair" in a "commercially acceptable amount of time".
- a suitable material is emitting radiation in the 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength range, but the intensity is such that significant moistening does not occur within about twenty- four hours, more preferably within about 12 hours, even more preferably within about 1 hour, and most preferably within about 30 minutes, then that material is not "activated" as herein defined.
- Preferred methods of activation and deactivation must be suitable for consumer use and be commercially sensible in the personal care market. So, for example, if an otherwise useful material requires an activation/deactivation that is inconvenient from a consumer standpoint or that requires copious amounts of energy, then that material may not be suitable.
- a preferred activation method is heating with a hair dryer, either a handheld hair dryer or a commercial hair dryer typically found in hair salons. This method of activation is preferred, because it is already expected that compositions according to the present invention will be subjected to heat from a hair dryer or hair shaping tool, as the consumer goes about her usual grooming or beauty routine. Accordingly, a preferred suitable material is one that does not produce effective wavelengths and/or intensity, until the material is heated to 40 0 C to 60 0 C, more preferably above 80 0 C, and most preferably between 60 0 C and 80 0 C. A minimum of 40 0 C is useful to prevent unwanted activation of the composition.
- the most preferred activation temperatures are between about 60 0 C and 80 0 C. These temperatures are achievable with a handheld hair dryer, even though the source of hot air is several inches from the hair and the hot air flow may not be continuously directed on the same portion of hair. Preferably, activation is achievable within ten minutes of blow drying, more preferably, within five minutes of blow drying, most preferably, within one minute of blow drying.
- devices other than hair dryers may be used; for example flat irons. However, if a flat iron is used, it is preferably used to heat the suitable material to it's most preferred temperature, and no more, thereby limiting any damage or drying from excessive heat.
- activation depending on the emitting material, may be achievable by light.
- shining a visible light (red, blue, green etc) on the suitable material causes the suitable material to radiate in the 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength range.
- the intensity of the emitted radiation in general, depends on the intensity of the visible light activation source. But we expect that an effective and commercially viable combination of visible source light and suitable radiating material may be found.
- Deactivation is achieved by removing the visible light source. Activation and deactivation by this method would be essentially immediate, since there is no waiting for the suitable material to heat up.
- this particular red tourmaline heated to 78°C, has emissivity well over 0.9 in the wavelength range with which we are concerned. At 20 ⁇ m wavelength, the emissivity is about 0.93. Though not shown, the emissivity of this material, at 20 ⁇ m, drops to about 0.75 when the temperature is reduced to about 44°C.
- the energy output of this particular red tourmaline, heated to 78°C peaks between about 10 and 20 ⁇ m wavelength. 78°C is a temperature that is not unusual when styling the hair.
- red tourmaline for example
- the question remained is the intensity sufficient to make a commercial product.
- surface area of red tourmaline will emit enough energy to effectively increase moisture in human hair, in a commercially acceptable amount of time?
- surface area be achieved in an amount by weight of tourmaline that can be incorporated into a commercially viable product?
- non- chemical we differentiate from known commercial treatments that interact with hair through molecular interactions, rather than photon absorption.
- tourmaline compositions that are safe, stable and commercially acceptable, as well as effective, were achieved.
- the tourmaline is used in quantities that are reasonable for commercial cosmetic products, and yet the tourmaline still supplies enough electromagnetic energy to effect an increase in keratin moisture.
- the tourmaline must be activated before it will significantly affect the hair, and can be deactivated to stop additional effect.
- the activation of tourmaline is achieved by shining a visible light on the tourmaline.
- red and pink tourmalines have absorption lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad absorption band in the green spectrum.
- Blue and green tourmalines have a strong, narrow absorption band at 498nm and almost complete absorption of red, down to 640nm.
- these materials re-emit a portion of the incident light energy in the 0.15 to 30 ⁇ m wavelength range, and therefore, may be useful to increase moisture in human hair.
- Suitable sources of visible light include LEDs and lasers. With these devices, the light can be concentrated and directed.
- Protein denaturation is a process in which proteins lose their secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure by application of some external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), or heat, but the peptide bonds between the amino acids (primary structure) are left intact.
- Denaturation of tertiary structure includes disruption of interactions between amino side chains, such as covalent disulfide bridges between cysteine groups, non-covalent dipole-dipole interactions between polar groups, and Van der Waals interactions between non-polar groups in the side chains.
- Denaturation of secondary structure means that proteins lose all regular repeating patterns (such as alpha-helix structure and beta-pleated sheets), and adopt a random coil configuration. Thermal denaturation of the helical keratin fraction in hair occurs at about 210 to 260 0 C.
- DSC loosely bound water in hair has been described as that water which is driven out of hair starting at about 100 0 C, to about 140 0 C, resulting in an endothermic transition readily seen in the DSC thermogram. Strongly bound water has been described as that which is driven out of hair at approximately 220 0 C to about 260 0 C.
- DSC is a thermal analysis technique used to measure transition temperature and heat of transformation (enthalpy) for endothermic (heat generator) and exothermic (exhaust of heat) reactions. DSC is typically used to measure melting and solidification temperatures at different melting or cooling rates. It is reported that keratin moisture content and protein denaturation can be detected by differential scanning calorimetry.
- Moisture content measurements were made on untreated hair (control), a base formula (no tourmaline), 5% red tourmaline in the base formula, and MIZ ANI® Rhelaxer, a commercially available sodium hydroxide hair straightening conditioning product.
- Samples were prepared for DCS by placing small cut pieces (2-10mg) of hair into a 50 ⁇ l aluminum pans, then hermetically sealing each pan with an aluminum lid and crimping tool.
- a Perkin Elmer Pyris 1 DSC was programmed to perform the following thermal profile: stabilize at 25 C for 2 minutes, heat at IOC/minute to 260C, end test and return to 25C.
- the fibers were then equilibrated to 80% relative humidity.
- the cross sectional diameters were measured, using the Fibre Dimensional System (FDAS765 - Dia-Stron). Pre and post treatment values for mean cross sectional are given in the table below.
- WAXS Wide angle x-ray scattering
- SAXS small angle x-ray scattering
- the WAXS data provides information about secondary protein keratin structures such as: alpha, beta, alpha+beta, etc. of the hair fiber, where as the SAXS data provides information about longitudinal distance structure in the hair fiber between 1-lOOnm such as coiled-coil, amorphous, ordered glycoprotein molecules, etc.
- strong is defined as a dominant/sharp protein structure of the sample
- weak is defined as existing/broad/vague protein structure
- absent means the structure is not present in the hair fiber.
- Appearing is defined as the space where the x-ray measured the protein structure. In 2-dimensional x-ray scattering images, we were able to clearly distinguish strong, weak and absent protein structures. These show up as strong, weak or absent reflections (arc/dot/ring), at certain values of the scattering vector q. The results, including q values, are listed in the next two tables.
- the control sample has a strong alpha keratin structure, weak beta structure, and a weak alpha+beta structure. It has a coiled-coil structure. It should be noted that WAXS shows a very weak peak at .40nm for this sample, however its protein structure is not identified, and could be due to non-homogeneous hair structure. The SAXS data shows that the control sample has the 6.7nm meridional reflection, which corresponds to the coil-coil keratin structure.
- the base formula sample has a strong alpha keratin structure, with two signature features in the wide angle x-ray scattering region: (1) a broad equatorial spot centered at 1.15nm, corresponding to the mean distance, or spacing, between alpha helical axes, and (2) a fine meridian arc at 0.58nm, which is related to the projection of the alpha helical pitch along the coiled-coil axis, above a broader arc around 0.57nm of less ordered coiled coil.
- the sample has no coiled-coil structure and no ordered glycoprotein moleculars.
- the SAXS data shows structures at 5.8nm and 4.0nm for sample 0, however their shapes are not identified.
- the WAXS data shows that the 2% tourmaline sample has a strong alpha structure, a strong beta structure, and a strong alpha+beta structure.
- the SAXS data points to both coiled- coil structure and ordered glycoprotein moleculars.
- the 2% NaOH sample is different from the others. It has no alpha keratin structure, no meridian arc around 1.58nm, and no equatorial spots. A weak beta structure (equatorial arc at 0.52nm), and a weak alpha+beta structure are detected. It should be noted that WAXS shows a very weak peak at .36nm for Sample 2, however its protein structure is not identified, and could be due to non-homogeneous hair structure. The SAXS data shows that sample 2 has no ordered molecular protein structure.
- the 4% urea sample has a strong alpha structure, a strong beta structure, and a weak alpha+beta structure. It has both coiled-coil structure and a 4.7nm peak (ordered glycoprotein moleculars) that is more pronounced than that of the 2% tourmaline sample.
- red tourmaline materials other than red tourmaline are likely to be useful in the present invention.
- various other tourmalines i.e. black, green, pink, brown, blue
- Also useful may be various ceramics and non-metals that emit radiation in the near and middle infrared, and that have emissivities above 90% at the working temperatures described herein.
- Graphite, gypsum and clays may be examples of useful non-metals. Any candidate material must satisfy the criteria discussed above.
- compositions of the present invention must satisfy certain criteria.
- the compositions must be cosmetically acceptable and commercially viable.
- Cosmetically acceptable and commercially viable usually imply that a composition is stable under typical conditions of manufacture, distribution and consumer use.
- stable we mean that one or more characteristics of a personal care composition do not deteriorate to an unacceptable level within some minimum period of time after manufacture. Preferably, that minimum time is six months from manufacture, more preferably one year from manufacture, and most preferably more than two years from manufacture.
- An efficacious composition according to the present invention includes a composition that emits or is induced to emit photons at an intensity and range of wavelengths that leads to an increase in water in human hair.
- Compositions of the present invention must be efficacious when used in reasonable amounts.
- a composition is considered efficacious, only if the amount of composition applied to the hair is what a consumer would consider reasonable. For example, if a lotion composition increases water in hair, but a gallon of the composition is required, then this is not an effective composition according to the present invention.
- a person skilled in the art of personal care hair products has a very good idea of what consumers would consider reasonable.
- the amount of a composition of the present invention required for one treatment depends on the type and amount of hair being treated.
- a composition according to the present invention is effective to complete a treatment of a full head of hair; more preferably, about 2.0 ounces or less; most preferably, about 1.0 ounce or less. While these amounts are preferred for commercial and consumer reasons, the present invention also contemplates larger amounts, as the case may necessitate.
- any cosmetically acceptable or commercially viable composition that is beneficial or benign to human hair, can serve as a base composition.
- the base composition should not absorb too much of the radiation emitted by the suitable material, and the base composition should not interfere with activation or deactivation of the suitable material.
- a composition according to the present invention may contain any ingredients that are known to provide a benefit to the hair, any ingredients required to render a stable product, and any ingredients that render the product more cosmetically acceptable or commercially viable.
- compositions according to the present invention may contain chemical moisturizing agents as an adjunct to the non-chemical mechanism disclosed herein.
- a composition according to the present invention has no chemical moisturizing agents, as these may have other unwanted or unanticipated effects.
- the only mechanism of increasing the water content of hair is by exposure to electromagnetic radiation supplied from the tourmaline or other suitable material in the composition.
- compositions according to the present invention may advantageously contain chemical hair coloring agents or chemical hair shaping agents.
- the composition may have virtually any form, even solid or semi-solid, provided the composition can be distributed throughout the section of hair being treated, and along its length, from root to tip.
- the suitable material may be added to the base composition or added during the manufacture of the base composition in any manner that the circumstances may require or allow. Some suitable materials may be incorporated into the composition by simple mixing, others may require pretreatments.
- the composition may be a mixture, a suspension, emulsion, a solid, a liquid, an aerosol, a gel, or mousse, just to name a few.
- the composition may be in the form of shampoo or conditioner.
- the composition may be hydrous or substantially anhydrous. "Substantially anhydrous" means less than about 10% total water content.
- Tourmalines are expected to be useful at concentrations as low as about 1%.
- upper limits in general, there may practical upper limits to the concentration of tourmaline or other suitable material.
- the practical upper limit of any particular suitable material depends on many factors, not the least of which is how much product does a consumer apply, expecting to get a certain result.
- trial and error or consumer use testing may be the best way to determine the concentration of the suitable material.
- An example of a controlled trial and error experiment might be, strengthening hair samples with a defined amount of compositions comprising increasing concentrations of a suitable material, and observing the concentration at which no additional benefit is derived. The defined amount should be based on market knowledge of how much product consumers are likely to use for the given amount and type of hair.
- Useful compositions will contain up to about 1% of one or more tourmalines, preferably up to about 2% of one or more tourmalines, and more preferably up to about 5% of one or more tourmalines. Tourmalines are expected to be useful at concentrations up to at least about 10% of the composition. Other, more efficient emitter materials (higher emissivity) may be useful at concentrations well below 1%, while less efficient materials (lower emissivity) may only be useful at higher concentrations; above about 5% for example, or even above about 10%, for example.
- Formula 3 is an example of a cosmetically acceptable, commercially viable, effective composition according to the present invention, containing 5% tourmaline.
- SEQ 1 In a main kettle add water and Aristoflex®. Mixed at room temperature until clear and uniform. Continue mixing and slowly add glycerine, phenoxyethanol, PVP, and glycerin/water / sodium PCA/urea/trehalose/ polyquaternium-51/sodium hyaluronate. Start to increase the temperature to 70-75 0 C.
- SEQ 2 In a separate kettle add cetearyl alcohol, PEG-100 stearate, cetyl alcohol, petrolatum, and shea butter. Increase the temperature to 75°C, and mix until the solution is clear.
- compositions herein described.
- a basic method includes providing a composition according to the present invention; activating the composition to emit the photons; and causing the photons to be directly absorbed by the disulfide bonds in the hair.
- the amount of composition applied is preferably about 5 ounces or less, more preferably about 2 ounces or less, and most preferably about one ounce or less.
- the step of applying the composition includes distributing the composition throughout the section of hair being treated, and along its length, from root to tip.
- the step of activation may include directing a flow of hot air at the section of hair for a time sufficient to activate the composition.
- the step of activation may include irradiating the section of hair with visible light, as from an LED or laser. Methods may include washing the hair before or after treatment.
- Methods may include repeating application to the same section of hair or using an adjunct treatment on the same section of hair.
- the idea of a commercially viable, topically applied, safe and stable composition that protects and increases the water content in hair, via heat activated radiation, is new and non- obvious. The results achieved were unexpected and unlike anything in the prior art.
- the hair is not subjected to harsh chemicals and no mal-odor occurs. Novelty and non-obviousness are partly demonstrated by the following facts: this is the first time that this problem has been identified; this description is the first disclosure of a list of criteria that a solution to the problem must satisfy; this is the first time that a composition that meets those criteria has been disclosed. In other words, we identified the problem, found some solutions, and also defined criteria for all other solutions to the problem.
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Abstract
Description
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AU2010215981A AU2010215981B2 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Compositions and methods for increasing tightly bound water in hair |
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JP2011551233A JP2012518644A (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Compositions and methods for increasing tightly bound water in hair |
US13/201,094 US20120132223A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Compositions And Methods For Increasing Tightly Bound Water In Hair |
KR1020117021649A KR101356359B1 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Compositions and methods for increasing tightly bound water in hair |
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DE102012210272A1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-19 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Hair styling device with radiation source |
US20180353401A1 (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2018-12-13 | Isp Investments Llc | A hair care composition, process for preparing the same and method of use thereof |
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2010
- 2010-02-19 KR KR1020117021625A patent/KR101371879B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-02-19 EP EP10744331.9A patent/EP2398448A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2010-02-19 WO PCT/US2010/024655 patent/WO2010096610A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-02-19 US US13/201,083 patent/US20120111351A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-02-19 EP EP10744322.8A patent/EP2398446A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-02-19 WO PCT/US2010/024641 patent/WO2010096598A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-02-19 KR KR1020117021626A patent/KR101372072B1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2010-02-19 WO PCT/US2010/024650 patent/WO2010096605A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-02-19 EP EP10744328.5A patent/EP2398447A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-02-19 US US13/201,094 patent/US20120132223A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9011828B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2015-04-21 | Elc Management, Llc | Compositions and methods for permanent straightening of hair |
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