WO2010094973A2 - Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes - Google Patents

Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010094973A2
WO2010094973A2 PCT/GB2010/050291 GB2010050291W WO2010094973A2 WO 2010094973 A2 WO2010094973 A2 WO 2010094973A2 GB 2010050291 W GB2010050291 W GB 2010050291W WO 2010094973 A2 WO2010094973 A2 WO 2010094973A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mooring
pendant
riser
vessel
flowline
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2010/050291
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010094973A3 (fr
Inventor
Douglas Barclay Davidson
Jonathan Frederick Jury
Original Assignee
Mooring Systems Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mooring Systems Limited filed Critical Mooring Systems Limited
Priority to EP10710098A priority Critical patent/EP2398695B1/fr
Priority to SG2011060043A priority patent/SG173783A1/en
Priority to US13/202,371 priority patent/US20120040573A1/en
Priority to BRPI1008301A priority patent/BRPI1008301A2/pt
Publication of WO2010094973A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010094973A2/fr
Publication of WO2010094973A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010094973A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B21/507—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers with mooring turrets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a mooring and flowline system for use in floating facilities for handling petroleum and petroleum products.
  • the system is particularly, but not exclusively applicable to the mooring and loading of floating production vessels operating in waters in excess of 1000m deep.
  • Tanker conversions used hitherto have required extensive conversion.
  • a turret mooring which includes a rotary oil flowline joint. This requires major structural work on the tanker in addition to the complex mooring turret.
  • a flexible riser to the tanker has been used, but has required large quick disconnect (QDC) valves with a physical size and weight requiring installation outboard of the tanker bow on a specially installed and relatively large structure.
  • QDC quick disconnect
  • Tri-Catenary Mooring System has more recently been proposed in patents US 5,944,448 and US 6,435,124 (assigned to Mooring Systems Limited of Aberdeen, UK) and such a system has proved very effective in operation in the Oudna field, offshore Tunisia, in approximately 260m water depth. However, it is acknowledged that it would not be technically possible to use the same Tri-Catenary Mooring Systems in water of a depth greater than 500m.
  • An object of embodiments in accordance with the present invention is to provide an improved mooring and flowline system which is quickly and fully disconnectable from the FPSO vessel, which is simple and economical to install and which is suitable for use in Deep Water (i.e. at depths greater than 500m) and Ultra Deep Water (i.e. at depths greater than 1000m). It is also an object of embodiments in accordance with the invention to provide a system which requires minimum use of heavy lifting gear located on the FPSO vessel or other support vessel.
  • the present invention provides a mooring and flowline system comprising: means for mooring a floating production and/or storage vessel to the seabed; and one or more flowlines for connection to one or more producing wells or to a facility; the mooring means comprising at least two anchors in the sea bed and a respective anchor riser extending from each of the anchors, each of the anchor risers having one end secured to its anchor and the other end secured to a common mooring node member, and a mooring pendant extending from the common mooring node member, the mooring pendant having an upper end for connection, in use, to the vessel; each flowline comprising a lower flowline extending from the direction of the well or facility partway toward the vessel into the vicinity of the mooring means, and a flowline riser extending from the lower flowline to the vessel; wherein each flowline riser has part of its length secured to the mooring pendant by one or more guide frames to control sideways and rotational movement so that, in use, each flowline riser
  • the buoyancy means are distributed along the length of the mooring pendant, between the common mooring node member and the upper end of the mooring pendant for connection to the vessel and more preferably are distributed substantially equi-distant along the length of the mooring pendant.
  • the buoyancy means are provided on, in-between, for or by each of the one or more guide frames such that the one or more guide frames support the mooring pendant when disconnected from the floating production and/or storage vessel and more preferably, the buoyancy means are provided by each of the one or more guide frames.
  • the mooring and flowline system is arranged such that when the mooring pendant is connected to the floating production and/or storage vessel, in use, at least one of the guide frames is located above the surface of the sea and at least one of the guide frames is located below the surface of the sea.
  • the one or more guide frames are sealed pressure vessels.
  • the one or more guide frames consist of sealed chambers that are filled with air.
  • the sealed chambers are filled with any suitable buoyant material, for example foam.
  • the buoyancy of the one or more guide frames can be adjusted to control the position in use, of the common mooring node member and mooring pendant below the surface of the sea and above the seabed, when the mooring pendant is disconnected from the floating production and/or storage vessel.
  • buoyancy means is provided for, on or by the mooring means to reduce the likelihood of the anchor risers clashing or interfering with the flowline risers when the system is connected to and disconnected from the vessel.
  • the system is capable of operating at depths up to 1000m, and more preferably at depths greater than 1000m such as between 1000 and 1500m of water.
  • disconnection of the system can be made without the need to lower the system into the water using a winch.
  • the one or more guide frames are located below the surface of the sea and above the sea bed and more preferably, the buoyancy provided by the buoyancy means of the one or more guide frames supports the mooring pendant and one or more flowline risers attached thereto when disconnected at a depth in the region of 50m to 100m and more preferably in the region of 70m.
  • the system adopts a stable submerged configuration.
  • the buoyancy on the flowlines is in the form of buoyancy tanks.
  • yet further buoyancy means is provided for, on or by the anchor risers such that the profile of the anchor risers is increased in that the anchor risers are raised and held above the flowlines. Increasing the profile of the anchor risers helps to reduce the likelihood of the anchor risers clashing or interfering with the flowline risers.
  • a riser jumper provides fluid communication between each riser tower and the floating production and/or storage vessel.
  • each riser jumper is a continuous conduit with a single axial rotational coupling, located between the uppermost guide frame and a riser jumper hang-off point on the vessel.
  • the buoyancy tanks support a connection between the riser tower and the riser jumper at a depth of 150m.
  • buoyancy tanks pull on the connection via 20m of chain.
  • the system is fully disconnectable in 10 hrs, more preferably in 8 hrs, and in less than 8 hrs being particularly preferred.
  • anchors there are at least three anchors in an angular array, three anchors at mutual 120° spacings being particularly preferred.
  • the anchors may be arranged to point north, south-west and south-east.
  • the common mooring node member may be a plain ring, shackle or plate.
  • a conventional tanker is used as the production vessel with minimal conversion, the chafe chain brought inboard of the tanker to a standard chain stopper or to a remotely controlled release stopper, the riser jumpers are brought inboard of the tanker over a chute to have their inboard ends lying near the tanker deck, and quick disconnect valves are located near the tanker deck between said riser jumpers and a tank manifold of the tanker.
  • the chafe chain may comprise two parallel chains, one passing over each bow of the vessel.
  • anchor risers are chains between 120 and 147mm in diameter of Grade R3 or optionally of higher strength material.
  • the chafe chain is 147mm in diameter of Grade R3 or optionally of higher strength material.
  • the vessel is a tanker.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a mooring and flowline system in accordance with the present invention, in use with a production tanker;
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view corresponding to Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the chafe chain and guide frames in particular of Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the embodiment of Fig. 1 , the mooring and flowline system having been disconnected from the production tanker;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a guide frame of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the connection between the chafe chain and a guide frame of Fig. 3.
  • a floating production tanker or FPSO 10 is anchored to the sea bed 12 by means of a three-leg anchor system consisting of anchor risers 14a, 14b, 14c and mooring buoys 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e and 16f.
  • the anchor risers 14a, 14b and 14c are connected to a common mooring node 18, from which a mooring pendant 20 is secured to the tanker 10.
  • the anchor system is in the vicinity of a wellhead (not shown in the drawings) from which oil is transferred via a number of flowlines, as will now be described.
  • the flowlines consist of riser towers 22a, 22b and 22c and riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c.
  • the riser towers 22a, 22b and 22c are provided with buoyancy tanks 26a, 26b and 26c.
  • the riser towers 22a, 22b and 22c may be tensioned steel catenary risers.
  • the upper part of the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c are secured along the mooring pendant 20 by the guide frames 32 that are each rigidly connected to plates 56 integral to the chafe chain 36 as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c are taken aboard the tanker 10 via a turret 34.
  • the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c are flexible with sufficient dynamic properties to accept movement of the ship's bow and movement of the anchor risers 14a, 14b and 14c.
  • the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c are continuous conduits with a single axial rotational coupling (not shown), located between the uppermost guide frame 32 and a riser jumper hang off point (not shown) on the turret 34 of the tanker 10.
  • the mooring buoys 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e and 16f increase the profile of the anchor risers 14a, 14b and 14c such that anchor risers 14a, 14b and 14c are held above and clear of the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c, reducing the likelihood of the anchor risers 14a, 14b and 14c clashing or interfering with the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c.
  • the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c can be unbonded or bonded pipes of a wide variety of sizes and specifications.
  • the mooring pendant 20 is particularly for use with a mooring and flowline system as described herein that can be operated in Ultra Deep Water.
  • the mooring pendant 20 can also be used with a lazy- wave arrangement of flowlines such as that described in patents US 5,944,448 and US 6,435,124 (assigned to Mooring Systems Limited of Aberdeen, UK), and such systems could be operated in Deep Water (but would not likely be suited for Ultra Deep Water).
  • the anchor system is set such that a 120° angle may be presented towards the sea bed 12 with one leg of the anchor system pointing north.
  • Fig. 2 also shows umbilicals 28a, 28b and 28c provided with flotation collars 30a, 30b and 30c.
  • the umbilicals 28a, 28b and 28c provide communication between the vessel 10 and wellhead (not shown).
  • the anchors may be any suitable form of conventional mooring anchor. At least some of the length of each anchor riser 14a, 14b and 14c is chain. In this embodiment the on-bottom section is chain, the lower part of the anchor risers 14a, 14b, 14c is chain and the upper 350m of the anchor risers 14a, 14b, 14c is preferably of synthetic rope.
  • rope for part of the anchor riser 14a, 14b, 14c has several advantages. Principally, it reduces the weight which has to be lifted when the tanker 10 is connecting to the system, as is discussed more fully below. It also simplifies stowage on the vessel 10 used to deploy the system. When rope is used it is desirable to have the final 30 metres or so of anchor riser 14a, 14b, 14c nearest the node 18, of chain, to reduce the risk of kinking the rope.
  • the node 18 is a plate that connects together the three anchor risers 14a, 14b and 14c and the pendant 20 with adequate mechanical strength.
  • a suitably sized master ring may be used, or a triangular plate arrangement, together with conventional shackles.
  • No swivel is incorporated in the node 18.
  • the lower most end of the chafe chain 36 is secured to the node 18 with a suitable shackle or the like.
  • Guide frames 32 are secured to the chafe chain 36 as shown in Fig. 6 and described below.
  • Fig. 3 shows the disposition of the three riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c passing through nine guide frames 32, although ten guide frames 32 are shown in Fig.
  • the guide frames 32 are evenly distributed along the length of the chafe chain 36. In this particular embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, there are nine guide frames 32 secured to the chafe chain 36 at 4.5m intervals along a 51 m length of chafe chain 36.
  • the tanker 10 is a segregated ballast tanker of 600,000 to 750,000 bbl capacity and the mooring is designed to hold the node 18 at a depth of 30 metres, and thus up to about 15 metres beneath the tanker hull.
  • the chafe chain 36 will be of the order of 40 to 60m in length.
  • the preferred form for the mooring pendant 20 comprises a single large-size chafe chain 36 extending from the node 18 and connected to the tanker 10.
  • a suitable chain has a diameter in the region of
  • a suitable tanker bow installation or turret is used that requires minimum modification of standard shipping practices, as described in for example US 6,435,124.
  • each anchor (not shown) to be laid in turn, and the anchor risers 14a, 14b, 14c to be run back to a common point. As it is laid, each anchor riser 14a, 14b, 14c is buoyed off on a pendant wire (not shown). Tensioning of the anchors can be achieved using the bollard pull of suitable vessels or with the inclusion in the system of a standard chain tensioner.
  • One of the mooring legs (not shown) includes a standard seabed chain stopper for correct pre-tensioning of the system.
  • Fig. 4 depicts the mooring and flowline system disconnected from the vessel.
  • the system adopts a stable submerged configuration, the mooring pendant 20 preferably being arranged to sink to a depth of 70m.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a pick-up rope 42 attached to the upper end of the mooring pendant 20 and a buoy 46.
  • the pick-up rope 42 is recovered from buoy 46, either by the tanker 10 itself or by a support vessel (not shown) and fired across to the tanker using a compressed air rocket gun (not shown).
  • the tanker 10 pulls on the pick-up rope and starts to retrieve the mooring pendant 20, securing the chafe chain 36 in the chain stoppers (not shown).
  • the winches (also not shown) of a typical tanker 10 can be supplemented by a block and tackle or a temporary winch to achieve sufficient pull for this application, which may require a pull of up to 400 tonnes.
  • the guide frames 32 provide buoyancy and therefore an upward force which reduces the pull or recovery force required to lift the mooring pendant 20, and the rest of the mooring and flowline system, from a depth of 70m up to the sea surface 66. Therefore, the guide frames 32 provide sufficient buoyancy to the mooring and flowline system such that the force provided by the buoyancy of the guide frames 32 (when the upper most guide frame 32 is in the region of 70m water depth) is substantially equal and opposite to the weight of the rest of the mooring and flowline system and thus provides stability to the mooring and flowline system in the water after it has been disconnected from the tanker 10.
  • Fig. 5 shows a guide frame 32 in more detail.
  • the guide frame 32 is a sealed pressure vessel.
  • the central slot 48 receives the chafe chain (not shown).
  • Ports 50a, 50b and 50c receive riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c.
  • Ports 52a and 52b receive two of the umbilicals 28a, 28b and 28c.
  • Port 54 receives a gas export pipe (not shown).
  • Fig. 6 further depicts the plate 56 used for connecting the guide frame 32 to the chafe chain 36.
  • the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 6 comprises chambers 60 filled with air, although they could be partially or fully evacuated to provide a partial or full vacuum.
  • the chambers 60 are sealed to provide buoyancy.
  • the chafe chain 36 is secured to the guide frame 32 by bolts 62 that pass through plate 56 and guide frame 32.
  • a breakaway-cum-emergency release unit may be provided, suitably a Gall-Thomson coupling is included and consists of bolts which shear at a predetermined axial load, a chute and a short section of flexible pipe ensuring that the load on the coupling is always axial.
  • the breakaway-cum-emergency release unit also seals the pipe both sides of the unit as the unit breaks apart.
  • a manually operated ball valve would be used to close the connection in normal disconnection routines.
  • the hydraulically or gas pressure activated release system (not shown) within the breakaway- cum-emergency release unit can be operated remotely, for example, from the bridge of the vessel, when it is decided to make an emergency disconnection of the tanker.
  • the emergency shutdown valve is included to provide shutdown of flow without disconnection and would normally be part of the tanker's equipment even if not located close to the release system.
  • the vessel 10 aligns with its stern 64 meeting the waves (not shown).
  • the vessel 10 is able to weathervane up to three times before it must turn back to unwind the riser jumpers 24a, 24b and 24c; umbilicals 28a, 28b and 28c; and gas export pipe (not shown) from around the chafe chain 36.
  • the invention provides a mooring and flowline system which can handle one or more flowlines making use of a minimally converted tanker and relatively small, standard components.
  • the present invention may use individual hose swivels each typically 600mm long, weighing 120kg and costing about GBP 20,000, made as standard components by manufacturers such as Woodfield.
  • prior art systems require the use of a multi-path (toroidal) flowline swivel which can be up to 10m high, weigh several tens of tons, and cost GBP 3-4 million.
  • buoyancy can be added to the chafe chain 36 in-between guide frames 32 either instead of the inherent buoyancy provided by the sealed pressure vessel guide frames 32 disclosed herein or in addition thereto, to support the mooring pendant 20 when disconnected from the vessel 10 and submerged.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système d'ancrage et de lignes de production destiné à l'ancrage au fond d'un navire de production et/ou de stockage à flots (10) et d'une ou de plusieurs lignes de production (22, 24) à relier à un ou plusieurs puits de production ou à une installation. Le système comprend au moins deux ancres au fond (12) et pour chacune une colonne montante d'ancre (14) partant de chacune des ancres et aboutissant à un nœud d'ancrage commun (18). Une ligne d'ancre (20), qui part du nœud d'ancrage commun (18), comporte une extrémité supérieure à relier fonctionnellement au navire (10). Chaque ligne de production (22, 24) comporte un segment inférieur de ligne de production (22) et une colonne montante de ligne de production (24) partant du segment inférieur de ligne de production (22) et aboutissant au navire (10). Une partie de la longueur de chaque colonne montante de ligne de production (24) est fixée à la ligne d'ancre (20) par un ou plusieurs châssis de guidage (32) de façon à limiter les mouvements de débattement latéral et de rotation. En outre, une certaine flottabilité est conférée d'une façon ou d'une autre à l'un au moins des châssis de guidage, cette flottabilité étant suffisante pour supporter le nœud d'ancrage commun (18) et la ligne d'ancre (20) en dessous de la surface et au-dessus du fond (12) quand la ligne d'ancre est détachée du navire (10).
PCT/GB2010/050291 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes WO2010094973A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10710098A EP2398695B1 (fr) 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes
SG2011060043A SG173783A1 (en) 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Deep water and ultra deep water mooring system
US13/202,371 US20120040573A1 (en) 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Deep water and ultra deep water mooring system
BRPI1008301A BRPI1008301A2 (pt) 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 "sistema de amarração em águas profundas e ultraprofundas"

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0902870A GB2467938A (en) 2009-02-20 2009-02-20 Deep water and ultra deep water mooring system
GB0902870.5 2009-02-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010094973A2 true WO2010094973A2 (fr) 2010-08-26
WO2010094973A3 WO2010094973A3 (fr) 2011-06-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2010/050291 WO2010094973A2 (fr) 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Système d'ancrage en eaux profondes et ultra-profondes

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US20120040573A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2398695B1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1008301A2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2467938A (fr)
SG (1) SG173783A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010094973A2 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2963093C (fr) * 2014-10-09 2019-06-11 Seahorse Equipment Corp Systeme d'amarrage de catenaire inversee tendue
EP3204285A4 (fr) * 2014-10-09 2018-05-02 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Système d'amarrage de caténaire inversée tendue

Citations (2)

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US5944448A (en) 1996-12-18 1999-08-31 Brovig Offshore Asa Oil field installation with mooring and flowline system
US6435124B1 (en) 2000-02-08 2002-08-20 Brovig Rds Limited Mooring and flowline system

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US5944448A (en) 1996-12-18 1999-08-31 Brovig Offshore Asa Oil field installation with mooring and flowline system
US6435124B1 (en) 2000-02-08 2002-08-20 Brovig Rds Limited Mooring and flowline system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2467938A (en) 2010-08-25
WO2010094973A3 (fr) 2011-06-23
EP2398695B1 (fr) 2012-12-19
EP2398695A2 (fr) 2011-12-28
BRPI1008301A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
US20120040573A1 (en) 2012-02-16
GB0902870D0 (en) 2009-04-08
SG173783A1 (en) 2011-09-29

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