WO2010094737A1 - System for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a group of dwellings - Google Patents
System for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a group of dwellings Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010094737A1 WO2010094737A1 PCT/EP2010/052040 EP2010052040W WO2010094737A1 WO 2010094737 A1 WO2010094737 A1 WO 2010094737A1 EP 2010052040 W EP2010052040 W EP 2010052040W WO 2010094737 A1 WO2010094737 A1 WO 2010094737A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- hot
- dwellings
- cold
- heating
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/02—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for public or like main supply for industrial use
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
- F24D11/005—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with recuperation of waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
- E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
- E03B2001/045—Greywater supply systems using household water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
- E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
- E03B2001/047—Greywater supply systems using rainwater
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C2001/005—Installations allowing recovery of heat from waste water for warming up fresh water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/20—Sewage water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for the recovery and reuse of wastewater and rainwater from a housing complex integrated into a sustainable development approach.
- the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a set of dwellings which makes it possible to optimize the parameters relating to energy consumption and water consumption, and this from a point of view of the individual dwelling, or of the group of dwellings taken collectively.
- the present invention also aims to provide such a set of homes, which is simple, fast and inexpensive to manufacture, and economical to use.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a system for recovering and reusing the wastewater and rainwater of a set of dwellings, of the real estate type, comprising a plurality of dwellings (H1, HV, H2, H3, H4), and a technical center (CT) disposed approximately in the center of said assembly, and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network, said technical center comprising recovery means and means for treating the wastewater from the dwellings, and means rainwater recovery, said technical center comprising means for storing said treated wastewater and said rain water for forming and storing greywater, said technical center storing a first portion of the greywater cold, and comprising distribution means said cold gray water, especially for watering, toilets and car washing, and said technical center storing a second portion of hot gray water, and including means for distributing said hot gray water, in particular for heating homes and the heating of domestic hot water.
- said wastewater treatment means comprise chemical treatment means and / or plant-based treatment means of the phyto-purification type.
- each water network connecting said technical center to said dwellings of said assembly comprises at least one plate heat exchanger for transferring the heat of said hot gray water to the sanitary water to heat the latter.
- each dwelling comprises heated and refreshing floors.
- each floor having hot water piping for heating, and cold water piping for cooling.
- each floor having a single pipe receiving hot water for heating in cold period, and receiving cold water for cooling in hot weather.
- said at least one pipe comprises insulated pipes.
- the technical center comprises means for heating said gray water stored hot, such as solar panels.
- the technical center comprises means for cooling said cold-stored gray water, said means of cooling system comprising a Canadian well comprising pipes extending underground, particularly at a depth of approximately one meter.
- said hot gray water and / or said cold gray water are stored in insulated tanks.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a ground plane of a set of dwellings according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram describing a heating floor according to an advantageous aspect of the invention.
- the present invention aims to design so-called passive housing, which allow in particular to meet the following performance criteria and main principles: > low heating requirements, typically less than 15 Kwh / m 2 year;
- the optimization of the envelope to reduce energy needs. This can be done by acting on the insulation of the facades and the roof, improving the insulation of the windows, optimizing the orientations for the passive inputs (sun and wind), and optimizing the openings with respect to the exposures.
- an optimization of the performances of the technical installations is desirable in order to avoid the waste. This can be done by reducing the losses of the heating system, by reducing the losses of the cooling system, and by using energy-saving terminals, such as low-temperature heating floors.
- the use of renewable energies by active systems allows energy production by free sources.
- the pole, beam and floor structure of the house are made of wood and / or glulam.
- the use of coverslip glued makes it possible to achieve large spans without posts, because of the high mechanical strength of this type of material.
- the facades are wood frame made in wood frame, typically set on a frame typically of 120 cm.
- the wooden frames that define the walls are sized to the doors and windows.
- the various fluids (electricity, plumbing, etc.) can then be easily drawn without having to bleed into existing walls.
- the facades preferably include an outer insulation, which may be formed by compressed wood panels, and an inner insulation, which may for example be formed of cellulose wadding.
- An embodiment particularly suitable for the present invention provides for making the facades with the following elements, going from the outside towards the inside: a facing 25 mm thick, an air gap of 25 mm. thickness, a 100 or 140 mm thick compressed wood panel, a vapor barrier (for example a sheet of kraft paper or similar), cellulose wadding thrown into wooden frames 160 or 120 mm thick, and finally a BA plate 18 with a thickness of 18 mm.
- a facing 25 mm thick an air gap of 25 mm. thickness
- a 100 or 140 mm thick compressed wood panel for example a sheet of kraft paper or similar
- cellulose wadding thrown into wooden frames 160 or 120 mm thick and finally a BA plate 18 with a thickness of 18 mm.
- a BA plate 18 with a thickness of 18 mm.
- other materials and other thicknesses are possible.
- the use of wood and / or glulam allows the construction of so-called low-inertia houses, especially due to smaller foundations and relatively light walls and floors.
- the frame may be of conventional type, and the roofs are advantageously made in single slope, which may be composed of one or more parallel roof pan (s).
- the frame of these single-pitched roofs can in particular be made in a farmhouse, and the attic is advantageously ventilated and the dwelling isolated by a wool mattress, typically 400 mm thick.
- the windows are made in double or triple glazing, the choice being particularly dependent on the climatic conditions. For example, in the north of France, triple glazing will be more efficient from a thermal point of view, whereas in the south of France, Double glazing lighter and less expensive may prove quite sufficient.
- a dual flow ventilation system with heat pump is preferably provided.
- a dual-flow system involves blowing air into the main rooms and extracting air through a damp room.
- the use of a heat pump makes it possible to participate in the heating of rooms in winter and their cooling in summer.
- Pollen filters are advantageously designed to clean the air entering each home and prevent allergies.
- the heating is advantageously by the floor by emission at low temperature. In summer, this same floor can be used for refreshing rooms, as will be described in more detail below.
- the combination of thermal effects of soil and ventilation provides optimal effects.
- each housing comprises four faces and therefore even if several dwellings are joined, there is no co-ownership since there is no shared common wall.
- the construction is fast, about six months, and the wood structure makes it easy to have a HQE construction site. All the materials used are recyclable at least 80%. All these criteria meet the ecological and sustainable development requirements that are becoming increasingly important.
- the roofs are entirely made of photovoltaic, for example by an assembly ensuring both sealing and thermal insulation.
- an assembly ensuring both sealing and thermal insulation.
- steel roofing system systems comprising an insulating underside and a photovoltaic system in the form of a thin film.
- other implementations are also possible.
- each home will be equipped with low consumption light bulbs, and systems to limit water consumption will be installed in faucets, showers and toilets.
- the interior paints will be chosen with a low concentration of VOC, typically less than 1 g / m 2 , or even less.
- these dwellings are arranged according to a particular mass plane, said circulade, around a common technical center disposed substantially in the center of the plot.
- the land to be used to make the housing complex shown in Figure 1 has an area of about 2 hectares and is preferably square. Of course, lots of all sizes and shapes could be considered.
- the land is cut into parcel strips that are intended to erase any axiality or orientation of the figure.
- Each band constituting one side of the square is interchangeable and invariably moves around the square, like faces of a "Rubik's cube".
- a strip comprises a row of dwellings, for example H4, associated with a common garage G4 and parking spaces P4.
- the fourth band is formed by JP vegetable gardens described below.
- This principle of composition thus allows adaptability of the plan to any program, any environment and any social mix.
- the houses or buildings are of course oriented so as to give preference to living rooms in the south and / or in the east, particularly in the south of France, the south and / or the west, for the north of France.
- the initial plot is advantageously broken down into programmatic functions and specific uses, namely pleasure gardens highlighting the dwelling, independent parking and parking are planted, and vegetable gardens gathered encouraging especially the development of market gardening and / or fruit growing in urban areas.
- each residential strip is therefore associated with a covered common garage whose single-slope roofs are formed of photovoltaic cells.
- Each garage contains single-phase and three-phase electrical outlets.
- the single-phase plugs allow a normal recharge to 100% in 6 to 7 hours for an electric car, while the three-phase plugs allow fast charging to 80% in about 30 minutes, depending on existing models.
- each home is associated with a parking space which is advantageously disconnected from the dwelling, the sidewalk being provided between the parking and the dwelling to improve the security of said sidewalks.
- the central ground may comprise dwellings H1 and HV as shown in FIG. 1, as well as the technical center CT, preferably arranged in a non-constructed surface EV intended to receive green spaces and / or children's games and / or other amenity areas common to the property complex.
- the road R rotates around this central part of the complex, hence the name "circulade” given to this type of ensemble. It is of course possible to predict that several concentric roads are planned, if the real estate complex was to be of greater dimension.
- a major advantage of this type of provision is to be able to connect each dwelling of the real estate complex to the technical center CT by the shortest possible routes. This makes it possible to connect each home H1, H1 ⁇ H2, H3, H4 to the technical center CT, via at least one water network and via at least one electrical network, for reasons which will be described below.
- This technical center is the treatment of wastewater and rainwater from the building complex. It can also ensure Centralized technical management from a heating, electricity and water point of view for the real estate complex. It can also include common rooms and other recreational facilities to promote the social system of the housing complex, for example mailboxes, containers for sorting waste, a gym and / or show, etc. .
- each dwelling comprises first means for generating electricity, formed in particular by its photovoltaic roofs.
- the housing unit comprises second means for generating electricity, formed in particular by the photovoltaic roofs of common garages G1, G2, G3 and G4, the photovoltaic roofs of garden shelters, described later, and the panels installed on the real estate complex, including the technical center CT.
- said technical center may include means for storing electricity generated by said first and second means for generating electricity.
- Said technical center provides electrical energy management for all the homes of the set, by recovering and centralizing all the electricity created. According to one advantageous aspect, this energy is resold to the electricity supplier, for example EDF, at a favorable rate in accordance with the currently applicable rules. Alternatively, one could also store, and sell or redistribute this energy to the homes of all, or even provide a mixture of the two systems.
- the treatment of wastewater and rainwater is a particularly advantageous aspect of the present invention.
- the wastewater can thus be partly or wholly recovered and treated to be converted into gray water.
- This treatment can be carried out chemically, or preferably by plants to carry out phyto-purification, typically in a closed space.
- This principle is known as "filter garden ® ".
- the principle is the mobilization of metabolic processes of living organisms that digest organic pollutants.
- these facilities are inoculated with two to three species of plants, animals and microbes.
- the biological degradation capacity of contaminants is increased by solar energy.
- This gray water obtained after treatment of wastewater is obviously not drinking water and will not be reinjected into the drinking water system. It also rainwater, which mix with gray water.
- this gray water is quite suitable for use in toilets, as well as for watering, car washing, etc.
- this gray water is stored both cold, for car washing, watering, toilets, but also to allow a cooling of the air during hot weather as will be explained below, and On the other hand, it can be stored hot.
- preference is given to the solar path for example by using solar panels, which can be arranged on the technical center, or elsewhere in the housing complex, for example in separate vegetable gardens.
- the use of Canadian wells may be provided by circulating underground water pipes, typically about one meter deep. In this way, the water will have a constant temperature all around the year, around 12 °, with of course some possible variations especially in case of prolonged cold.
- the use of a Canadian well can provide fresh water in summer, and not too cold water in winter.
- the pipes forming the Canadian well may extend under the central ground of the parcel. Insulated pipes can then be used for the cold gray water and / or the hot gray water, and the network advantageously comprises several loops which all end up in the technical center.
- the gray water is used to carry out heating or cooling by the soil in dwellings.
- Figure 2 shows an example of a heated / cooling floor in which a first hot water pipe for heating and a second cold water pipe for cooling are passed.
- a single insulated piping may be used, receiving hot gray water when it is necessary to heat, and receiving cold gray water when it is necessary to cool.
- Hot gray water can also be used to heat domestic hot water.
- plate exchangers are provided, so that there is no contact between the drinking water and the gray water, the heat transfer being carried out by the plate heat exchangers. If necessary, electric water heaters can take over to complete the heating of the sanitary water.
- several heat exchangers are provided for each hot gray water loop.
- a housing complex as shown in FIG. 1 makes it possible to be self-sufficient energetically, and even create more energy than it needs for its current consumption.
- this resale is currently higher price than the price at which each house buys its electricity.
- the quantity of electricity sold is generally greater than the quantity of electricity purchased, and the selling price being higher than the purchase price, it is clear that the balance sheet is largely positive for the inhabitants of the property complex.
- the invention promotes a reduction in charges for the inhabitants of the housing complex.
- the energy creation is mainly obtained by solar energy, and it is a totally renewable and non-polluting energy.
- An important advantage of centralized technical management is maintenance and upkeep, which must be performed by competent professionals. This maintenance and maintenance does not only concern the technical center CT, but also all the technical equipment connected to the houses, which can thus be managed more reliably, more efficiently and less expensive. For example, a heat pump and a pollen filter can be provided for ventilation of several homes, for example four or five, without risk of poor maintenance by individuals.
- the technical center and the centralized technical managements allow a global mutualization of the technical equipments and their maintenance, presenting important economic and ecological advantages.
- kitchen gardens or separate workmen JP can be provided, each garden comprising a shelter that can have a photovoltaic roof and / or solar panels, to generate energy, and being connected to the gray water network of the housing complex or hamlet to ensure watering.
- Vegetable gardens gathered away from homes have significant advantages, including being able to occupy a non-buildable area, contrary to what would be the case if each individual garden was attached directly to his home.
- the fact of detaching the land corresponding to these vegetable gardens from the land of dwellings the number of dwellings per plot, and thus a better use of the COS by reducing the land area useful for the construction of housing.
- housing upstairs can also benefit from their vegetable garden.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a housing-complex-type group of dwellings, comprising a plurality of dwellings (H1; H1'; H2; H3; H4) and a service room (CT) positioned approximately at the centre of the complex and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network. The aforementioned service room includes means for recovering and means for treating wastewater produced by the dwellings and means for recovering rainwater. In addition, the service room includes means for storing the treated wastewater and the rainwater so as to form and store grey water. The service room stores a first portion of the grey water under cold conditions and includes means for distributing the cold grey water, in particular for use in watering, in toilets and in washing cars. Furthermore, the service room stores a second portion of the grey water under hot conditions and includes means for distributing the hot grey water, in particular for use in the heating of the dwellings and the heating of the household hot water.
Description
Système de récupération et de réutilisation des eaux usées et pluviales d'un ensemble d'habitations System for the recovery and reuse of wastewater and rainwater from a housing complex
La présente invention concerne un système de récupération et de réutilisation des eaux usées et pluviales d'un ensemble d'habitations intégré dans une démarche du développement durable.The present invention relates to a system for the recovery and reuse of wastewater and rainwater from a housing complex integrated into a sustainable development approach.
Il est connu de nos jours de construire des habitations avec pour objectif d'améliorer l'impact sur l'environnement, en agissant notamment sur les consommations d'énergie et d'eau. Il est également connu de réaliser des ensembles d'habitation, tels que des ensembles immobiliers, des hameaux, des lotissements ou des immeubles, dits écologiques, ayant notamment pour but de viser à diminuer les consommations d'énergie et d'eau de ces ensembles.It is nowadays known to build homes with the aim of improving the impact on the environment, by acting in particular on the consumption of energy and water. It is also known to create housing projects, such as housing complexes, hamlets, subdivisions or buildings, so-called ecological, with the aim in particular to reduce the energy and water consumption of these units. .
Toutefois, aucun des systèmes existants n'est réellement optimal, et ne permet que de répondre partiellement au problème posé par l'environnement et le développement durable.However, none of the existing systems is truly optimal, and only partially addresses the problem of the environment and sustainable development.
La présente invention a pour but de surmonter ces inconvénients. En particulier, la présente invention a pour but de proposer un ensemble d'habitations qui permet d'optimiser les paramètres relatifs à la consommation d'énergie et la consommation d'eau, et ce que ce soit d'un point de vue de l'habitation individuelle, ou de l'ensemble d'habitations pris collectivement. La présente invention a également pour but de fournir un tel ensemble d'habitations, qui soit simple, rapide et peu coûteux à fabriquer, et économique à l'usage.The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages. In particular, the object of the present invention is to propose a set of dwellings which makes it possible to optimize the parameters relating to energy consumption and water consumption, and this from a point of view of the individual dwelling, or of the group of dwellings taken collectively. The present invention also aims to provide such a set of homes, which is simple, fast and inexpensive to manufacture, and economical to use.
La présente invention a donc pour objet un système de récupération et de réutilisation des eaux usées et pluviales d'un ensemble d'habitations, du type ensemble immobilier, comportant une pluralité d'habitations (H1 ; HV ; H2 ; H3 ; H4), et un centre technique (CT) disposé environ au centre dudit ensemble, et relié à chaque habitation par au moins un réseau d'eau, ledit centre technique comportant des moyens de récupération et des moyens de traitement des eaux usées issues des habitations, et des moyens
de récupération des eaux pluviales, ledit centre technique comportant des moyens de stockage desdites eaux usées traitées et desdites eaux pluviales pour former et stocker des eaux grises, ledit centre technique stockant une première partie des eaux grises à froid, et comportant des moyens de distribution desdites eaux grises froides, notamment pour l'arrosage, les WC et le lavage des voitures, et ledit centre technique stockant une seconde partie des eaux grises à chaud, et comportant des moyens de distribution desdites eaux grises chaudes, notamment pour le chauffage des habitations et le chauffage de l'eau chaude sanitaire. Avantageusement, lesdits moyens de traitement des eaux usées comportent des moyens de traitement chimiques et/ou des moyens de traitement à base de plantes, du type phyto-épuration.The subject of the present invention is therefore a system for recovering and reusing the wastewater and rainwater of a set of dwellings, of the real estate type, comprising a plurality of dwellings (H1, HV, H2, H3, H4), and a technical center (CT) disposed approximately in the center of said assembly, and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network, said technical center comprising recovery means and means for treating the wastewater from the dwellings, and means rainwater recovery, said technical center comprising means for storing said treated wastewater and said rain water for forming and storing greywater, said technical center storing a first portion of the greywater cold, and comprising distribution means said cold gray water, especially for watering, toilets and car washing, and said technical center storing a second portion of hot gray water, and including means for distributing said hot gray water, in particular for heating homes and the heating of domestic hot water. Advantageously, said wastewater treatment means comprise chemical treatment means and / or plant-based treatment means of the phyto-purification type.
Avantageusement, chaque réseau d'eau reliant ledit centre technique auxdites habitations dudit ensemble comporte au moins un échangeur de chaleur à plaques pour transférer la chaleur desdites eaux grises chaudes à l'eau sanitaire pour chauffer cette dernière.Advantageously, each water network connecting said technical center to said dwellings of said assembly comprises at least one plate heat exchanger for transferring the heat of said hot gray water to the sanitary water to heat the latter.
Avantageusement, chaque habitation comporte des planchers chauffants et rafraîchissants.Advantageously, each dwelling comprises heated and refreshing floors.
Avantageusement, chaque plancher comportant une tuyauterie d'eau chaude pour le chauffage, et une tuyauterie d'eau froide pour le rafraîchissement.Advantageously, each floor having hot water piping for heating, and cold water piping for cooling.
En variante chaque plancher comportant une unique tuyauterie recevant de l'eau chaude pour le chauffage en période froide, et recevant de l'eau froide pour le rafraîchissement en période chaude. Avantageusement, ladite au moins une tuyauterie comporte des conduites calorifugées.Alternatively each floor having a single pipe receiving hot water for heating in cold period, and receiving cold water for cooling in hot weather. Advantageously, said at least one pipe comprises insulated pipes.
Avantageusement, le centre technique comporte des moyens de chauffage desdites eaux grises stockées à chaud, tels que des panneaux solaires. Avantageusement, le centre technique comporte des moyens de refroidissement desdites eaux grises stockées à froid, lesdits moyens de
refroidissement comportant un puit canadien comprenant des tuyaux s'étendant sous terre, notamment à environ un mètre de profondeur.Advantageously, the technical center comprises means for heating said gray water stored hot, such as solar panels. Advantageously, the technical center comprises means for cooling said cold-stored gray water, said means of cooling system comprising a Canadian well comprising pipes extending underground, particularly at a depth of approximately one meter.
Avantageusement, lesdites eaux grises chaudes et/ou lesdites eaux grises froides sont stockées dans des bacs isolés. Ces avantages et caractéristiques et d'autres de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description détaillée suivante, faite en référence aux dessins joints, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et sur lesquelsAdvantageously, said hot gray water and / or said cold gray water are stored in insulated tanks. These and other advantages and features of the present invention will appear more clearly in the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, and in which:
- la figure 1 montre un exemple d'un plan de masse d'un ensemble d'habitations selon une variante de réalisation de la présente invention, etFIG. 1 shows an example of a ground plane of a set of dwellings according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and
- la figure 2 est un schéma décrivant un sol chauffant selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention.- Figure 2 is a diagram describing a heating floor according to an advantageous aspect of the invention.
La description qui va suivre sera faite en deux parties, une première partie concernant une habitation individuelle, et la seconde partie concernant l'ensemble d'habitations et ses aménagements collectifs. Il est bien évident que pour obtenir les meilleurs résultats, une combinaison des divers paramètres et solutions décrits ci-après devrait être envisagée.The description that follows will be made in two parts, a first part concerning an individual dwelling, and the second part concerning the set of houses and its collective developments. It is obvious that to obtain the best results, a combination of the various parameters and solutions described below should be considered.
Concernant l'habitation, ou le bâtiment de manière plus générale, un certain nombre d'études ont démontré que la plus grande partie des impacts du cycle de vie d'un bâtiment sur l'environnement est due à l'énergie consommée au cours de sa vie en œuvre (chauffage, climatisation, usage spécifique de l'électricité, eau chaude sanitaire, etc.). Les utilisations des énergies fossiles et nucléaires ont des impacts environnementaux importants et la démarche de haute qualité environnementale (label HQE) ainsi que toute démarche qui s'inscrit dans un contexte de développement durable passe nécessairement par la réalisation de bâtiments très économes en énergie et, lorsque cela est possible par l'utilisation de sources d'énergie renouvelables.Regarding housing, or building more generally, a number of studies have shown that most of the impacts of a building's life cycle on the environment are due to the energy consumed during the course of a building. his life (heating, air conditioning, specific use of electricity, domestic hot water, etc.). The uses of fossil and nuclear energy have significant environmental impacts and the approach of high environmental quality (label HQE) as well as any approach that fits in a context of sustainable development necessarily involves the realization of buildings very energy efficient and, where possible through the use of renewable energy sources.
La présente invention a pour objectif de concevoir des habitations dites passives, qui permettent notamment de remplir les critères de performance et les grands principes suivants :
> des faibles besoins de chauffage, typiquement inférieurs à 15 Kwh/m2 an ;The present invention aims to design so-called passive housing, which allow in particular to meet the following performance criteria and main principles: > low heating requirements, typically less than 15 Kwh / m 2 year;
> une bonne étanchéité de l'enveloppe, typiquement n50 < 0,6 vol/heure ; > une faible énergie primaire consommée, typiquement inférieure à> a good seal of the envelope, typically n50 <0.6 vol / hour; > a low primary energy consumed, typically less than
120 Kwhep/m2 an, et ce tout usage confondu ;120 Kwhep / m 2 year, and this all-purpose confused;
> un taux de récupération de la chaleur de l'air extrait élevé, typiquement > 75% ;> a high heat recovery rate of the extracted air, typically> 75%;
> des appareils ménagers économes en énergie ; > un faible coefficient de déperdition thermique, typiquement> energy efficient appliances; > a low coefficient of heat loss, typically
U < 0,15 W/m2K pour les parois opaques et U < 0,8 W/m2K pour les fenêtres et portes, afin de respecter les critères de confort d'hiver comme d'été.U <0.15 W / m 2 K for opaque walls and U <0.8 W / m 2 K for windows and doors, to meet winter and summer comfort criteria.
Afin de tendre vers un objectif appelé « énergie zéro », dans lequel l'habitation crée toute l'énergie dont elle a besoin pour sa consommation, trois types d'optimisations sont à prévoir. D'une part, l'optimisation de l'enveloppe afin de diminuer les besoins en énergie. Ceci peut se faire en agissant sur l'isolation des façades et de la toiture, en améliorant l'isolation des vitrages, en optimisant les orientations pour les apports passifs (soleil et vent), et en optimisant les ouvertures par rapport aux expositions. D'autre part, une optimisation des performances des installations techniques est souhaitable afin d'éviter les gâchis. Ceci peut se faire en diminuant les pertes du système de chauffage, en diminuant les pertes du système de rafraîchissement, et en utilisant des terminaux économes en énergie, tels que des planchers chauffants basse température. Enfin, une utilisation des énergies renouvelables par des systèmes actifs permet une production énergétique par des sources gratuites. Ceci peut notamment être réalisé en développant le solaire thermique, le solaire photovoltaïque et/ou une filière géothermique. Selon un aspect avantageux, la structure poteau, poutre et le plancher de l'habitation sont en bois et/ou en lamellé-collé. L'utilisation de lamelle-
collé permet de réaliser des grandes portées sans poteaux, du fait de la grande résistance mécanique de ce type de matériau. Les façades sont à ossature bois réalisée en cadre bois, typiquement réglé sur une trame typiquement de 120 cm. Les cadres en bois qui définissent les parois sont dimensionnés aux portes et aux fenêtres. On peut alors aisément tirer les différents fluides (électricité, plomberie, etc.) sans avoir à faire des saignées dans des murs existants. Les façades comportent de préférence une isolation extérieure, qui peut être formée par des panneaux de bois compressé, et une isolation intérieure, qui peut par exemple être formée par de la ouate de cellulose. Un exemple de réalisation particulièrement approprié pour la présente invention prévoit de réaliser les façades avec les éléments suivants, en allant de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur : un parement de 25 mm d'épaisseur, un vide d'air de 25 mm d'épaisseur, un panneau de bois compressé de 100 ou 140 mm d'épaisseur, un pare vapeur (par exemple une feuille de papier kraft ou similaire), de la ouate de cellulose projetée dans les cadres bois de 160 ou 120 mm d'épaisseur, et enfin une plaque de BA 18 d'une épaisseur de 18 mm. Bien entendu, d'autres matériaux et d'autres épaisseurs sont envisageables. L'utilisation de bois et/ou de lamellé-collé permet la réalisation de maisons dites à faible inertie, notamment due aux fondations moins importantes et aux murs et planchers relativement légers. De plus, l'utilisation d'éléments bois prédécoupés et/ou pré-assemblés est possible, contrairement aux constructions en béton. Le coût et les délais de la construction en sont fortement réduits.In order to move towards a goal called "zero energy", in which housing creates all the energy it needs for its consumption, three types of optimizations are to be expected. On the one hand, the optimization of the envelope to reduce energy needs. This can be done by acting on the insulation of the facades and the roof, improving the insulation of the windows, optimizing the orientations for the passive inputs (sun and wind), and optimizing the openings with respect to the exposures. On the other hand, an optimization of the performances of the technical installations is desirable in order to avoid the waste. This can be done by reducing the losses of the heating system, by reducing the losses of the cooling system, and by using energy-saving terminals, such as low-temperature heating floors. Finally, the use of renewable energies by active systems allows energy production by free sources. This can be done in particular by developing solar thermal, solar photovoltaic and / or a geothermal sector. According to one advantageous aspect, the pole, beam and floor structure of the house are made of wood and / or glulam. The use of coverslip glued makes it possible to achieve large spans without posts, because of the high mechanical strength of this type of material. The facades are wood frame made in wood frame, typically set on a frame typically of 120 cm. The wooden frames that define the walls are sized to the doors and windows. The various fluids (electricity, plumbing, etc.) can then be easily drawn without having to bleed into existing walls. The facades preferably include an outer insulation, which may be formed by compressed wood panels, and an inner insulation, which may for example be formed of cellulose wadding. An embodiment particularly suitable for the present invention provides for making the facades with the following elements, going from the outside towards the inside: a facing 25 mm thick, an air gap of 25 mm. thickness, a 100 or 140 mm thick compressed wood panel, a vapor barrier (for example a sheet of kraft paper or similar), cellulose wadding thrown into wooden frames 160 or 120 mm thick, and finally a BA plate 18 with a thickness of 18 mm. Of course, other materials and other thicknesses are possible. The use of wood and / or glulam allows the construction of so-called low-inertia houses, especially due to smaller foundations and relatively light walls and floors. In addition, the use of pre-cut and / or pre-assembled wood elements is possible, unlike concrete constructions. The cost and time of construction are greatly reduced.
La charpente peut être de type classique, et les toits sont avantageusement réalisés en mono pente, qui peut être composé d'un ou plusieurs pan(s) de toiture parallèle(s). La charpente de ces toits mono pentes peut notamment être réalisée en fermette, et les combles sont avantageusement ventilés et l'habitation isolée par un matelas de laine, typiquement de 400 mm d'épaisseur. Les vitres sont réalisées en double ou triple vitrage, le choix étant notamment dépendant des conditions climatiques. Ainsi, dans le nord de la France, le triple vitrage s'avérera plus efficace d'un point de vue thermique, alors que dans le sud de la France un
double vitrage plus léger et moins coûteux pourra s'avérer tout à fait suffisant.The frame may be of conventional type, and the roofs are advantageously made in single slope, which may be composed of one or more parallel roof pan (s). The frame of these single-pitched roofs can in particular be made in a farmhouse, and the attic is advantageously ventilated and the dwelling isolated by a wool mattress, typically 400 mm thick. The windows are made in double or triple glazing, the choice being particularly dependent on the climatic conditions. For example, in the north of France, triple glazing will be more efficient from a thermal point of view, whereas in the south of France, Double glazing lighter and less expensive may prove quite sufficient.
Un système de ventilation double flux avec pompe à chaleur est de préférence prévu. Un système à double flux consiste à insuffler de l'air dans les pièces principales et d'extraire l'air par une pièce humide. L'utilisation d'une pompe à chaleur permet de participer au chauffage des pièces en hiver et à leur rafraîchissement en été. Des filtres à pollen sont avantageusement prévus pour assainir l'air qui entre dans chaque habitation et prévenir les allergies. Le chauffage se fait avantageusement par le plancher par émission à basse température. En été, ce même plancher pourra servir au rafraîchissement des pièces, comme cela sera décrit plus amplement ci-après. La combinaison des effets thermiques du sol et de la ventilation permet d'obtenir des effets optimaux.A dual flow ventilation system with heat pump is preferably provided. A dual-flow system involves blowing air into the main rooms and extracting air through a damp room. The use of a heat pump makes it possible to participate in the heating of rooms in winter and their cooling in summer. Pollen filters are advantageously designed to clean the air entering each home and prevent allergies. The heating is advantageously by the floor by emission at low temperature. In summer, this same floor can be used for refreshing rooms, as will be described in more detail below. The combination of thermal effects of soil and ventilation provides optimal effects.
Un aspect avantageux de ce type de construction est que chaque logement comporte quatre faces et donc même si plusieurs logements sont accolés, il n'y a pas de copropriété puisqu'il n'y a pas de mur commun partagé. La construction est rapide, environ six mois, et la structure bois permet d'avoir facilement un chantier HQE. L'ensemble des matériaux utilisés est recyclable au minimum à 80%. Tous ces critères répondent aux exigences écologiques et de développement durable qui deviennent de plus en plus importantes.An advantageous aspect of this type of construction is that each housing comprises four faces and therefore even if several dwellings are joined, there is no co-ownership since there is no shared common wall. The construction is fast, about six months, and the wood structure makes it easy to have a HQE construction site. All the materials used are recyclable at least 80%. All these criteria meet the ecological and sustainable development requirements that are becoming increasingly important.
Les toitures sont entièrement réalisées en photovoltaïque, par exemple par un ensemble assurant à la fois l'étanchéité et l'isolation thermique. Par exemple, on peut utiliser des systèmes à base de bac acier pour toiture comprenant une sous face isolante et un système photovoltaïque sous forme de film mince. Bien entendu, d'autres mises en oeuvre sont aussi envisageables.The roofs are entirely made of photovoltaic, for example by an assembly ensuring both sealing and thermal insulation. For example, it is possible to use steel roofing system systems comprising an insulating underside and a photovoltaic system in the form of a thin film. Of course, other implementations are also possible.
Bien entendu, chaque habitation sera équipée d'ampoules basse consommation, et des systèmes permettant de limiter la consommation d'eau seront installés dans les robinets, les douches et les WC. De même, les peintures intérieures seront choisies avec une faible concentration en COV, typiquement inférieure à 1g/m2, voire moins.
Avec une optimisation des différents paramètres, on arrive à diminuer sensiblement la consommation en énergie et en eau pour chaque habitant, et donc de réduire de manière très importante les coûts d'exploitation de l'habitation. Afin d'améliorer encore davantage le rendement et l'efficacité de l'invention, une pluralité d'habitations telles que décrites ci-dessus seront installées en un ensemble immobilier qui présente un certain nombre de caractéristiques permettant d'optimiser les consommations d'énergie et d'eau de l'ensemble immobilier. Selon un aspect particulièrement avantageux, ces habitations sont disposées selon un plan de masse particulier, dit en circulade, autour d'un centre technique commun disposé sensiblement au centre de la parcelle. Typiquement, le terrain à utiliser pour réaliser l'ensemble d'habitations représenté sur la figure 1 a une surface d'environ 2 hectares et est avantageusement de forme carrée. Bien entendu, des terrains de toutes dimensions et de toutes formes pourraient être envisagés. Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 1 , le terrain est découpé en bandes parcellaires qui sont destinées à gommer toute axialité ou orientation de la figure. Chaque bande constituant un côté du carré est interchangeable et se déplace invariablement autour du carré, tel des faces d'un « Rubik's cube ». Typiquement, une bande comporte une rangée d'habitations, par exemple H4, associé à un garage commun G4 et à des places de parkings P4. Il en est de même des deux autres bandes H2 et H3. La quatrième bande étant formée par des jardins potagers JP décrits ci-après. Ce principe de composition permet ainsi une adaptabilité du plan à tout programme, à tout environnement et à toute mixité sociale. Les habitations ou bâtiments sont bien entendu orientés de manière à privilégier pour les pièces de vie le sud et/ou l'est, notamment dans le sud de la France, le sud et/ou l'ouest, pour le nord de la France. La parcelle initiale est avantageusement décomposée en fonctions programmatique et en usages spécifiques, à savoir des jardins d'agrément mettant en valeur l'habitation, des dessertes et stationnements indépendants sont plantés, et des jardins potagers rassemblés encourageant
notamment le développement de la culture maraîchère et/ou fruitière en milieu urbain.Of course, each home will be equipped with low consumption light bulbs, and systems to limit water consumption will be installed in faucets, showers and toilets. In the same way, the interior paints will be chosen with a low concentration of VOC, typically less than 1 g / m 2 , or even less. With an optimization of the different parameters, we can significantly reduce the energy and water consumption for each inhabitant, and thus significantly reduce the operating costs of the home. In order to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the invention, a plurality of dwellings as described above will be installed in a housing complex which has a certain number of characteristics making it possible to optimize energy consumption. and water from the real estate complex. According to a particularly advantageous aspect, these dwellings are arranged according to a particular mass plane, said circulade, around a common technical center disposed substantially in the center of the plot. Typically, the land to be used to make the housing complex shown in Figure 1 has an area of about 2 hectares and is preferably square. Of course, lots of all sizes and shapes could be considered. As shown in Figure 1, the land is cut into parcel strips that are intended to erase any axiality or orientation of the figure. Each band constituting one side of the square is interchangeable and invariably moves around the square, like faces of a "Rubik's cube". Typically, a strip comprises a row of dwellings, for example H4, associated with a common garage G4 and parking spaces P4. It is the same for the other two bands H2 and H3. The fourth band is formed by JP vegetable gardens described below. This principle of composition thus allows adaptability of the plan to any program, any environment and any social mix. The houses or buildings are of course oriented so as to give preference to living rooms in the south and / or in the east, particularly in the south of France, the south and / or the west, for the north of France. The initial plot is advantageously broken down into programmatic functions and specific uses, namely pleasure gardens highlighting the dwelling, independent parking and parking are planted, and vegetable gardens gathered encouraging especially the development of market gardening and / or fruit growing in urban areas.
Avantageusement, chaque bande d'habitation est donc associée à un garage commun couvert dont les toits mono-pentes sont formés de cellules photovoltaïques. Chaque garage contient des prises électriques monophasées et triphasées. En particulier, les prises monophasées permettent une recharge normale à 100% en 6 à 7 heures pour une voiture électrique, alors que les prises triphasées permettent une recharge rapide à 80% en environ 30 minutes, selon les modèles existants. Bien entendu, les progrès technologiques dans le domaine des voitures électriques permettront d'obtenir des performances différentes, et notamment encore supérieures dans le futur. En plus des garages couverts communs, chaque habitation est associée à une place de parking qui est avantageusement déconnectée de l'habitation, le trottoir étant prévu entre le parking et l'habitation afin d'améliorer la sécurité desdits trottoirs.Advantageously, each residential strip is therefore associated with a covered common garage whose single-slope roofs are formed of photovoltaic cells. Each garage contains single-phase and three-phase electrical outlets. In particular, the single-phase plugs allow a normal recharge to 100% in 6 to 7 hours for an electric car, while the three-phase plugs allow fast charging to 80% in about 30 minutes, depending on existing models. Of course, the technological advances in the field of electric cars will make it possible to obtain different performances, and even more so in the future. In addition to common garages, each home is associated with a parking space which is advantageously disconnected from the dwelling, the sidewalk being provided between the parking and the dwelling to improve the security of said sidewalks.
Le terrain central peut comporter des habitations H1 et HV comme représenté sur la figure 1 , ainsi que le centre technique CT, de préférence disposé dans une surface non construite EV, destinée à recevoir des espaces verts et/ou des jeux d'enfants et/ou autres zones d'agrément communes à l'ensemble immobilier. Comme visible sur la figure 1 , la route R tourne autour de cette partie centrale de l'ensemble immobilier, d'où le nom « circulade » donné à ce type d'ensemble. Il est bien entendu possible de prévoir que plusieurs routes concentriques soient prévues, si l'ensemble immobilier devait être de dimension supérieure. Un intérêt majeur de ce type de disposition est de pouvoir relier chaque habitation de l'ensemble immobilier au centre technique CT par des voies les plus courtes possibles. Ceci permet de relier chaque habitation H1 , H1 \ H2, H3, H4 audit centre technique CT, via au moins un réseau d'eau et via au moins un réseau électrique, pour des raisons qui seront décrites ci- après.The central ground may comprise dwellings H1 and HV as shown in FIG. 1, as well as the technical center CT, preferably arranged in a non-constructed surface EV intended to receive green spaces and / or children's games and / or other amenity areas common to the property complex. As shown in Figure 1, the road R rotates around this central part of the complex, hence the name "circulade" given to this type of ensemble. It is of course possible to predict that several concentric roads are planned, if the real estate complex was to be of greater dimension. A major advantage of this type of provision is to be able to connect each dwelling of the real estate complex to the technical center CT by the shortest possible routes. This makes it possible to connect each home H1, H1 \ H2, H3, H4 to the technical center CT, via at least one water network and via at least one electrical network, for reasons which will be described below.
Ce centre technique CT a notamment pour objectif le traitement des eaux usées et pluviales de l'ensemble immobilier. Il peut aussi assurer les
gestions techniques centralisées d'un point de vue chauffage, électricité et eau pour l'ensemble immobilier. Il peut également comporter des salles communes et autres infrastructures de loisirs afin de promouvoir le système social de l'ensemble immobilier, par exemple des boites aux lettres, des containers pour le tri des déchets, une salle de sport et/ou de spectacle, etc.The purpose of this technical center is the treatment of wastewater and rainwater from the building complex. It can also ensure Centralized technical management from a heating, electricity and water point of view for the real estate complex. It can also include common rooms and other recreational facilities to promote the social system of the housing complex, for example mailboxes, containers for sorting waste, a gym and / or show, etc. .
Avantageusement, chaque habitation comporte des premiers moyens de génération d'électricité, formés notamment par ses toitures photovoltaïques. De même, l'ensemble d'habitations comporte des seconds moyens de génération d'électricité, formés notamment par les toitures photovoltaïques des garages communs G1 , G2, G3 et G4, les toitures photovoltaïques des abris de jardins, décrites ultérieurement, et les panneaux solaires installés sur l'ensemble immobilier, et notamment le centre technique CT. Eventuellement, ledit centre technique peut comporter des moyens de stockage de l'électricité générée par lesdits premiers et seconds moyens de génération d'électricité. Ledit centre technique assure une gestion de l'énergie électrique pour toutes les habitations dudit ensemble, en récupérant et en centralisant la totalité de l'électricité créée. Selon un aspect avantageux, cette énergie est revendue au fournisseur d'électricité, par exemple EDF, à un tarif avantageux conformément aux règles actuellement applicables. En variante, on pourrait aussi stocker, et revendre ou redistribuer cette énergie aux habitations de l'ensemble, ou même prévoir un mélange des deux systèmes.Advantageously, each dwelling comprises first means for generating electricity, formed in particular by its photovoltaic roofs. Similarly, the housing unit comprises second means for generating electricity, formed in particular by the photovoltaic roofs of common garages G1, G2, G3 and G4, the photovoltaic roofs of garden shelters, described later, and the panels installed on the real estate complex, including the technical center CT. Optionally, said technical center may include means for storing electricity generated by said first and second means for generating electricity. Said technical center provides electrical energy management for all the homes of the set, by recovering and centralizing all the electricity created. According to one advantageous aspect, this energy is resold to the electricity supplier, for example EDF, at a favorable rate in accordance with the currently applicable rules. Alternatively, one could also store, and sell or redistribute this energy to the homes of all, or even provide a mixture of the two systems.
Le traitement des eaux usées et pluviales est un aspect particulièrement avantageux de la présente invention. Les eaux usées peuvent ainsi être, en partie ou en totalité, récupérées et traitées pour être transformées en eaux dites grises. Ce traitement peut être réalisé de manière chimique, ou de préférence par des plantes pour réaliser une phyto- épuration, typiquement en espace fermé. Ce principe est connu sous le terme « jardin filtrant® ». Le principe est la mobilisation des processus métaboliques des organismes vivants qui digèrent les polluants organiques. En plus des bactéries trouvées dans les systèmes traditionnels de boue activée, ces installations sont inoculées avec deux à trois espèces de
plantes, d'animaux et de microbes. La capacité de dégradation biologique des contaminants est accrue par l'énergie solaire.The treatment of wastewater and rainwater is a particularly advantageous aspect of the present invention. The wastewater can thus be partly or wholly recovered and treated to be converted into gray water. This treatment can be carried out chemically, or preferably by plants to carry out phyto-purification, typically in a closed space. This principle is known as "filter garden ® ". The principle is the mobilization of metabolic processes of living organisms that digest organic pollutants. In addition to bacteria found in traditional activated sludge systems, these facilities are inoculated with two to three species of plants, animals and microbes. The biological degradation capacity of contaminants is increased by solar energy.
Cette eau grise obtenue après traitement des eaux usées n'est évidemment pas une eau potable et ne sera donc pas réinjectée dans le circuit d'eau potable. Il en de même des eaux pluviales, qui viennent se mélanger à l'eau grise. Par contre, cette eau grise est tout à fait adaptée à être utilisée dans les toilettes, ainsi que pour l'arrosage, le lavage de voiture, etc. Avantageusement, cette eau grise est stockée à la fois à froid, pour le lavage de voiture, l'arrosage, les WC, mais aussi pour permettre un rafraîchissement de l'air en période de chaleur comme cela sera expliqué ci- après, et d'autre part elle peut être stockée chaude. Pour ce faire, on utilise de préférence des bacs pour eau grise froide et/ou des bacs pour eau grise chaude isolés. Pour le chauffage de cette eau grise, on privilégie de préférence la voie solaire, par exemple en utilisant des panneaux solaires, qui peuvent être disposés sur le centre technique, ou ailleurs dans l'ensemble immobilier, par exemple dans les jardins potagers séparés. Si nécessaire, on peut prévoir des chauffages complémentaires tels que des chaudières à bois, des turbines à gaz ou à vapeur, ou d'autres types de chauffage connus. Pour le refroidissement de l'eau grise, on peut prévoir l'utilisation de puits canadiens, consistant à faire circuler des tuyaux d'eau sous terre, typiquement à environ un mètre de profondeur. De cette manière, l'eau aura une température environ constante toute l'année, autour de 12°, avec bien sur certaines variations possibles notamment en cas de grand froid prolongé. De manière générale, l'utilisation d'un puit canadien permet de fournir de l'eau fraîche en été, et de l'eau pas trop froide en hiver. Avantageusement, les tuyaux formant le puit canadien peuvent s'étendre sous le terrain central de la parcelle. Des conduites calorifugées peuvent alors être utilisés pour l'eau grise froide et/ou l'eau grise chaude, et le réseau comprend avantageusement plusieurs boucles qui aboutissent toutes dans le centre technique. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1 , quatre boucles de conduits d'eau grise chaude et quatre boucles de conduits d'eau grise froide sont avantageusement prévues, respectivement pour les habitations
H1 et H1 \ H2, H3 et H4, afin de diminuer les déperditions d'énergie de ces boucles, même pour les habitations les plus lointaines du centre technique CT. Avantageusement, l'eau grise sert à réaliser le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement par le sol dans les habitations. La figure 2 montre un exemple de sol chauffant/rafraîchissant, dans lequel passent une première tuyauterie d'eau chaude pour le chauffage et une seconde tuyauterie d'eau froide pour le rafraîchissement. En variante, une seule tuyauterie calorifugée peut être utilisée, recevant de l'eau grise chaude quand il faut chauffer, et recevant de l'eau grise froide quand il faut rafraîchir. L'eau grise chaude peut aussi servir à chauffer l'eau chaude sanitaire. Pour ce faire, des échangeurs à plaque sont prévus, de sorte qu'il n'y a pas de contact entre l'eau potable et l'eau grise, le transfert de chaleur étant réalisé par les échangeurs à plaque. Si nécessaire, des chauffe-eau électriques peuvent prendre le relais pour compléter le chauffage de l'eau sanitaire. Avantageusement, plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur sont prévus pour chaque boucle d'eau grise chaude.This gray water obtained after treatment of wastewater is obviously not drinking water and will not be reinjected into the drinking water system. It also rainwater, which mix with gray water. On the other hand, this gray water is quite suitable for use in toilets, as well as for watering, car washing, etc. Advantageously, this gray water is stored both cold, for car washing, watering, toilets, but also to allow a cooling of the air during hot weather as will be explained below, and On the other hand, it can be stored hot. For this purpose, it is preferable to use cold gray water tanks and / or insulated hot water tanks. For the heating of this gray water, preference is given to the solar path, for example by using solar panels, which can be arranged on the technical center, or elsewhere in the housing complex, for example in separate vegetable gardens. If necessary, it can provide additional heaters such as wood boilers, gas turbines or steam, or other known types of heating. For the cooling of gray water, the use of Canadian wells may be provided by circulating underground water pipes, typically about one meter deep. In this way, the water will have a constant temperature all around the year, around 12 °, with of course some possible variations especially in case of prolonged cold. In general, the use of a Canadian well can provide fresh water in summer, and not too cold water in winter. Advantageously, the pipes forming the Canadian well may extend under the central ground of the parcel. Insulated pipes can then be used for the cold gray water and / or the hot gray water, and the network advantageously comprises several loops which all end up in the technical center. In the example shown in Figure 1, four hot gray water pipe loops and four cold gray water pipe loops are advantageously provided, respectively for homes H1 and H1 \ H2, H3 and H4, in order to reduce the energy losses of these loops, even for the most distant dwellings of the technical center CT. Advantageously, the gray water is used to carry out heating or cooling by the soil in dwellings. Figure 2 shows an example of a heated / cooling floor in which a first hot water pipe for heating and a second cold water pipe for cooling are passed. Alternatively, a single insulated piping may be used, receiving hot gray water when it is necessary to heat, and receiving cold gray water when it is necessary to cool. Hot gray water can also be used to heat domestic hot water. For this purpose, plate exchangers are provided, so that there is no contact between the drinking water and the gray water, the heat transfer being carried out by the plate heat exchangers. If necessary, electric water heaters can take over to complete the heating of the sanitary water. Advantageously, several heat exchangers are provided for each hot gray water loop.
La récupération des eaux usées et des eaux de pluie pour en faire des eaux grises utilisables pour le chauffage et pour des utilisations à froid permet une diminution de la consommation d'eau potable de 30 à 40%. Ceci est très important, notamment pour générer des économies sur les stations d'épuration. En effet, ce sont souvent les stations d'épuration qui limitent le nombre de logements par parcelle, et une diminution de la consommation de l'eau potable de 30 à 40% pour un ensemble immobilier tel que celui représenté sur la figure 1 , permet donc d'augmenter d'autant le nombre de logements sur une parcelle de dimension identique. Cet aspect est bien entendu très important, notamment dans le cadre des logements sociaux locatifs ou en accession.The recovery of wastewater and rainwater to make gray water suitable for heating and for cold applications reduces the consumption of drinking water by 30 to 40%. This is very important, especially to generate savings on wastewater treatment plants. In fact, it is often the wastewater treatment plants that limit the number of dwellings per plot, and a reduction in the consumption of drinking water of 30 to 40% for a housing complex such as that represented in FIG. therefore to increase by the same number of dwellings on a parcel of identical size. This aspect is, of course, very important, especially in the case of social rental or rental housing.
Grâce à cette diminution de la consommation d'énergie et d'eau, ainsi qu'au rendement énergétique avantageux des habitations proprement dites, un ensemble immobilier tel que représenté sur la figure 1 , permet de s'auto- suffire énergétiquement, et même de créer plus d'énergie qu'il n'en a besoin pour sa consommation courante. Ainsi, lorsque l'énergie produite est revendue au fournisseur d'électricité, cette revente se fait actuellement à un
prix supérieur au prix auquel chaque habitation achète son électricité. La quantité d'électricité revendue étant globalement supérieure à la quantité d'électricité achetée, et le prix de vente étant supérieur au prix d'achat, il apparaît clairement que le bilan est largement positif pour les habitants de l'ensemble immobilier. Dans toutes les hypothèses, y compris si l'électricité produite par l'ensemble immobilier était réutilisée plutôt que revendue, l'invention favorise une diminution des charges pour les habitants de l'ensemble immobilier. De plus, la création d'énergie est principalement obtenue par une énergie solaire, et il s'agit là d'une énergie totalement renouvelable et non polluante.Thanks to this reduction in the energy and water consumption, as well as to the advantageous energy efficiency of the dwellings themselves, a housing complex as shown in FIG. 1 makes it possible to be self-sufficient energetically, and even create more energy than it needs for its current consumption. Thus, when the energy produced is resold to the electricity supplier, this resale is currently higher price than the price at which each house buys its electricity. As the quantity of electricity sold is generally greater than the quantity of electricity purchased, and the selling price being higher than the purchase price, it is clear that the balance sheet is largely positive for the inhabitants of the property complex. In all cases, including if the electricity produced by the building complex was reused rather than resold, the invention promotes a reduction in charges for the inhabitants of the housing complex. In addition, the energy creation is mainly obtained by solar energy, and it is a totally renewable and non-polluting energy.
Un avantage important de la gestion technique centralisée concerne l'entretien et la maintenance, qui doivent être réalisés par des professionnels compétents. Cet entretien et cette maintenance ne concerne pas seulement le centre technique CT, mais aussi tous les équipements techniques reliés aux habitations, qui peuvent ainsi être gérés de manière plus fiable, plus efficace et moins coûteuse. Par exemple, une pompe à chaleur et un filtre à pollen peuvent être prévus pour la ventilation de plusieurs habitations, par exemple quatre ou cinq, sans risque de mauvais entretien par les particuliers. De manière générale, le centre technique et les gestions techniques centralisées permettent une mutualisation globale des équipements techniques et de leur entretien, présentant des avantages économiques et écologiques importants.An important advantage of centralized technical management is maintenance and upkeep, which must be performed by competent professionals. This maintenance and maintenance does not only concern the technical center CT, but also all the technical equipment connected to the houses, which can thus be managed more reliably, more efficiently and less expensive. For example, a heat pump and a pollen filter can be provided for ventilation of several homes, for example four or five, without risk of poor maintenance by individuals. In general, the technical center and the centralized technical managements allow a global mutualization of the technical equipments and their maintenance, presenting important economic and ecological advantages.
Comme visible sur la partie droite de la figure 1 , des jardins potagers ou ouvriers séparés JP peuvent être prévus, chaque jardin comportant un abris pouvant avoir une toiture photovoltaïque et/ou des panneaux solaires, pour générer de l'énergie, et étant reliée au réseau des eaux grises de l'ensemble immobilier ou hameau afin d'assurer l'arrosage. Les jardins potagers rassemblés à l'écart des habitations présentent des avantages importants, et notamment de pouvoir occuper une zone non constructible, contrairement à ce qui serait le cas si chaque jardin individuel était rattaché directement à son habitation. Ainsi, le fait de détacher les terrains correspondants à ces jardins potagers des terrains des habitations
respectives permet d'augmenter le nombre d'habitation par parcelle, et ainsi une meilleure utilisation du COS en réduisant la surface foncière utile à la construction de logements. De plus, les logements en étage peuvent ainsi également bénéficier de leur jardin potager.As can be seen in the right part of FIG. 1, kitchen gardens or separate workmen JP can be provided, each garden comprising a shelter that can have a photovoltaic roof and / or solar panels, to generate energy, and being connected to the gray water network of the housing complex or hamlet to ensure watering. Vegetable gardens gathered away from homes have significant advantages, including being able to occupy a non-buildable area, contrary to what would be the case if each individual garden was attached directly to his home. Thus, the fact of detaching the land corresponding to these vegetable gardens from the land of dwellings the number of dwellings per plot, and thus a better use of the COS by reducing the land area useful for the construction of housing. In addition, housing upstairs can also benefit from their vegetable garden.
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'a été décrite qu'à titre d'exemple en référence à un mode de réalisation particulier, mais il est entendu que l'homme du métier peut y apporter toutes modifications sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention tel que défini par les revendications annexées.
Of course, the present invention has only been described by way of example with reference to a particular embodiment, but it is understood that the person skilled in the art can make any modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1.- Système de récupération et de réutilisation des eaux usées et pluviales d'un ensemble d'habitations, du type ensemble immobilier, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité d'habitations (H1 ; HV ; H2 ; H3 ; H4), et un centre technique (CT) disposé environ au centre dudit ensemble, et relié à chaque habitation par au moins un réseau d'eau, ledit centre technique comportant des moyens de récupération et des moyens de traitement des eaux usées issues des habitations, et des moyens de récupération des eaux pluviales, ledit centre technique comportant des moyens de stockage desdites eaux usées traitées et desdites eaux pluviales pour former et stocker des eaux grises, ledit centre technique stockant une première partie des eaux grises à froid, et comportant des moyens de distribution desdites eaux grises froides, notamment pour l'arrosage, les WC et le lavage des voitures, et ledit centre technique stockant une seconde partie des eaux grises à chaud, et comportant des moyens de distribution desdites eaux grises chaudes, notamment pour le chauffage des habitations et le chauffage de l'eau chaude sanitaire.1.- system for recovering and reusing the wastewater and rainwater of a housing complex, of the housing complex type, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of dwellings (H1, HV, H2, H3, H4); and a technical center (CT) disposed approximately in the center of said assembly, and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network, said technical center including recovery means and means for treating the wastewater from the dwellings, and rainwater recovery means, said technical center comprising means for storing said treated wastewater and said rainwater to form and store greywater, said technical center storing a first portion of the greywater cold, and comprising means for distribution of said cold gray water, especially for watering, toilets and car washing, and said technical center storing a second part of the gray water while hot, and both distribution means of said hot gray water, especially for heating homes and heating hot water.
2.- Système selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel lesdits moyens de traitement des eaux usées comportent des moyens de traitement chimiques et/ou des moyens de traitement à base de plantes, du type phyto-épuration.2. The system of claim 1, wherein said wastewater treatment means comprise chemical treatment means and / or herbal treatment means, phyto-purification type.
3.- Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel chaque réseau d'eau reliant ledit centre technique auxdites habitations dudit ensemble comporte au moins un échangeur de chaleur à plaques pour transférer la chaleur desdites eaux grises chaudes à l'eau sanitaire pour chauffer cette dernière. 3.- System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each water network connecting said technical center to said dwellings of said assembly comprises at least one plate heat exchanger for transferring the heat of said hot gray water to the domestic water to heat the latter.
4.- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque habitation comporte des planchers chauffants et rafraîchissants.4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each dwelling comprises heated and cooling floors.
5.- Système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel chaque plancher comportant une tuyauterie d'eau chaude pour le chauffage, et une tuyauterie d'eau froide pour le rafraîchissement.5. System according to claim 4, wherein each floor having a pipe of hot water for heating, and a pipe of cold water for cooling.
6.- Système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel chaque plancher comportant une unique tuyauterie recevant de l'eau chaude pour le chauffage en période froide, et recevant de l'eau froide pour le rafraîchissement en période chaude.6. The system of claim 4, wherein each floor having a single pipe receiving hot water for heating in cold period, and receiving cold water for cooling in hot weather.
7.- Système selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel ladite au moins une tuyauterie comporte des conduites calorifugées.7. System according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said at least one pipe comprises insulated pipes.
8.- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le centre technique comporte des moyens de chauffage desdites eaux grises stockées à chaud, tels que des panneaux solaires.8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the technical center comprises means for heating said gray water stored hot, such as solar panels.
9.- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le centre technique comporte des moyens de refroidissement desdites eaux grises stockées à froid, lesdits moyens de refroidissement comportant un puit canadien comprenant des tuyaux s'étendant sous terre, notamment à environ un mètre de profondeur.9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the technical center comprises means for cooling said cold-stored greywater, said cooling means comprising a Canadian well comprising pipes extending underground, including about one meter deep.
10.- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdites eaux grises chaudes et/ou lesdites eaux grises froides sont stockées dans des bacs isolés. 10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said hot gray water and / or said cold gray water are stored in insulated tanks.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP10707486A EP2401439A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-02-18 | System for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a group of dwellings |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0951095 | 2009-02-19 | ||
FR0951095A FR2942249B1 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2009-02-19 | SYSTEM OF RECOVERY AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER AND PLUVIAL WATER OF A SET OF HOUSING |
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WO2010094737A1 true WO2010094737A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
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PCT/EP2010/052040 WO2010094737A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-02-18 | System for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a group of dwellings |
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EP (1) | EP2401439A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2942249B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010094737A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010145040A1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | Dec Design Mechanical Consultants Ltd. | District energy sharing system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2331323A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-05-19 | John Frederick Lawrence | Domestic water supply system |
US20080175668A1 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Larry Wayne Haese | Graywater recycling system including rainwater recovery |
-
2009
- 2009-02-19 FR FR0951095A patent/FR2942249B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-02-18 WO PCT/EP2010/052040 patent/WO2010094737A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-02-18 EP EP10707486A patent/EP2401439A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2331323A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-05-19 | John Frederick Lawrence | Domestic water supply system |
US20080175668A1 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Larry Wayne Haese | Graywater recycling system including rainwater recovery |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010145040A1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | Dec Design Mechanical Consultants Ltd. | District energy sharing system |
EA022321B1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2015-12-30 | Дек Дизайн Микэникл Кэнсалтентс Лтд. | District energy sharing system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2942249A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 |
EP2401439A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
FR2942249B1 (en) | 2011-03-18 |
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