WO2010091743A2 - Charge de cuves électriques - Google Patents

Charge de cuves électriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010091743A2
WO2010091743A2 PCT/EP2009/058234 EP2009058234W WO2010091743A2 WO 2010091743 A2 WO2010091743 A2 WO 2010091743A2 EP 2009058234 W EP2009058234 W EP 2009058234W WO 2010091743 A2 WO2010091743 A2 WO 2010091743A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
network
vessel
charging
control unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/058234
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010091743A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Thorburn
Konstantinos Papastergiou
Ambra Sannino
Bertil Nygren
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd filed Critical Abb Research Ltd
Publication of WO2010091743A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010091743A2/fr
Publication of WO2010091743A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010091743A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the charging of electric vessels, such as automotive vehicles and then for instance electric or hybrid electric vehicles. More particularly the present invention relates to a device, system and method for charging of an electric vessel.
  • Vessels can therefore be pure electrically energized propulsion vessels, i.e. vessels having electrical motors or various forms of hybrid vessels, which use electricity to a higher or lower extent in the propulsion.
  • US 5 369 352 does for instance disclose an adapter for an electric vehicle.
  • the document describes how an adapter is connected to a single-phase wall outlet.
  • the adapter is provided with an identifier code memory including data identifying electrical capabilities of the wall outlet.
  • This data is then transferred from the adapter to a vehicle charger in the vehicle.
  • the data is sent modulated onto voltage supplied to the vehicle charger from a single-phase alternating current network. Based on this information the vehicle charger determines the amount of current to be drawn from the wall outlet.
  • More general adaptors to electrical power networks also exist. It is for instance known to provide AC/AC or AC/DC adaptors.
  • DE 3103072 describes a general 380 V 3- phase AC - 220 V AC adaptor, while US 2007/091656 discloses a power adapter for AC to DC conversion.
  • the present invention is therefore directed towards providing faster electrical charging of electric vessels .
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a system for electrical charging of an electric vessel that allows fast charging of the vessel.
  • This object is according to a first aspect of the present invention solved through a device for charging of an electric vessel equipped with a battery, the device comprising a three-phase network terminal for connection to an electrical three-phase alternating current network, at least one vessel connection terminal for connection to the battery of an electric vessel to be charged, and a voltage conversion arrangement for converting between three-phase AC voltage at the three-phase network terminal and a single-phase voltage at the vessel connection terminal, the voltage conversion arrangement including at least one converter and being controllable for providing bidirectional active and reactive power exchange with the three-phase alternating current network, where the bidirectional active power exchange involves using a connected vessel battery.
  • This object is furthermore solved through a system for charging of electric vessels equipped with batteries comprising a central control unit and one or more devices for charging according to the first aspect, wherein the central control unit is configured to receive information about the electric vessels from the devices, select a control strategy for the devices, and communicate the selected control strategy to the devices through sending at least one signal, and the devices are configured to control the charging of the batteries of the electric vessels according to the signal received from the central control unit, control the reactive power exchanged with an electrical three-phase alternating current network according to the signal from the central control unit, and control the three phase input current amplitude and phase according to the signal from the central control unit.
  • This object is furthermore also solved through a method for charging electric vessels equipped with batteries being connected to electrical charging devices according to the first aspect, comprising the steps of receiving, by a central control unit, information about the electric vessels from the devices, selecting, by the central control unit, a control strategy for the devices, communicating, by the central control unit, the selected control strategy to the devices through sending at least one signal, controlling, by the devices, the charging of the batteries of the electric vessels according to the signal received from the central control unit, controlling, by the devices, the reactive power exchanged with an electrical three-phase alternating current network (Nl) according to the signal from the central control unit, and controlling, by the devices, the three phase input current amplitude and phase according to the signal from the central control unit.
  • Nl electrical three-phase alternating current network
  • the present invention has a number of advantages. It allows fast charging of a vessel without requiring any changes in the electrical system in the vessel, or on circuits of the household. This is done through adapting the power supply from the three-phase network to the electric system of the vessel. However, this is not all. As the system allows reactive power to be both injected and absorbed to and from the three-phase network at all times, the system of the invention assists in the stabilising of the three-phase network, both when the vessel is connected and when it is not. This support is enhanced when a vessel is connected, because then also active power to and from the vessel battery may be used for supporting the network. The invention then provides the dual functionality of vessel charging and network stabilisation.
  • fig. 1 schematically shows a device for electrical charging of electric vessels according to a first embodiment of the invention being connected to a three- phase alternating current network
  • fig. 2 schematically shows a device according to a second embodiment including a first type of converter, a second type of converter and a first type of control unit
  • fig. 3 schematically shows a first type of converter that may be used in the system of the invention
  • fig. 4 schematically shows a device according to a third embodiment of the invention where there is one converter of the first type and several converters of the second type second
  • fig. 5 schematically shows a system according to the invention where there is a central control unit in the three-phase network providing control signals for the system of this fifth embodiment.
  • PHEVs plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
  • AC alternating current
  • Some PHEVs have the possibility for fast charging, which would reduce the charging time significantly at the expenses of a higher current required from the network or grid.
  • Such current is however higher than the current that such a single-phase network is able to deliver. It can be in the range of 30-50 A, which is much higher than the standard current of 10 A provided by single-phase networks in most European households.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device for electrical charging of electric vessels according to a first embodiment of the invention being connected to a three-phase power grid.
  • a three-phase alternating current (AC) network Nl or power grid which is here a three-phase residential grid.
  • AC alternating current
  • the network Nl there is a transformer TR leading to a power line PL to which a number of households are connected.
  • This power line is a three- phase power line.
  • a first household connection point 10 being a selected point of common coupling, to which point 10 a device 8 for electrical charging of a electric vessel is connected. Also household appliances can be connected to this household connection point 10 in parallel with the device 8.
  • the household connection point 10 is therefore also a network interface point, i.e. a point at which a number of electrical entities, such as appliances and a device for charging of electric vessels, are connected to a three-phase AC network.
  • This point thus provides the interface between the three-phase AC network and the device for electrical charging of electric vessels and may also be considered as a point of common coupling in the three- phase network Nl .
  • fig. 1 there are shown two other such network interface points or household connection points that are associated with other households.
  • fig. 1 there are no electrical entities connected to these further network interface points. This has only been done in order to concentrate the description to the invention.
  • the network in fig. 1 is much simplified in order to explain the invention. Thus it may also include more household connection points to this and other power lines, further power lines, further transformers and other types of network equipment.
  • the device 8 for charging of an electric vessel which is indicated through a dashed box in fig. 1, here includes a converter 12 of a first type that has a three-phase network terminal Tl for connection to the electrical three-phase AC network Nl via the household connection point 10.
  • This converter 12 of the first type is arranged to convert electrical power between three-phase alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) and therefore also has a first DC terminal DCl.
  • This converter is furthermore a voltage source converter.
  • the first type of converter is often also denoted an active rectifier.
  • the device 8 further includes a first converter 14 of a second type being arranged to convert electrical power between DC and single phase AC.
  • the first converter 14 of the second type has a second DC terminal DC2 for connection to the first DC terminal DCl of the converter 12 of the first type as well as an AC single phase terminal T2 providing an AC charger interface or a vessel connection terminal for connection to the battery of the electric vessel 18 in order to charge the electric vessel 18.
  • the converter 12 of the first type and the converter 14 of the second type together form a voltage conversion arrangement 11, which is here a three-phase-to-single- phase adapter.
  • This voltage conversion arrangement is here provided for converting between three-phase AC voltage at the three-phase network terminal and a single-phase voltage at the vessel connection terminal. These are here provided as a part an electrical household network.
  • the voltage conversion arrangement and more particularly the converter of the first type in this voltage conversion arrangement is controllable for providing bidirectional active and reactive power exchange between the device and the three-phase network, where this bidirectional reactive power exchange can be made independently of if any electric vessel is connected to the device or not and the bidirectional active power exchange uses the vessel battery.
  • the converter of the second type is controllable to convert electrical power between direct current and single phase alternating current.
  • the device 8 furthermore includes means for controlling power exchange in the form of a local control unit 16.
  • the local control unit 16 obtains measurement values MV from the three-phase network, which is indicated by a dashed arrow, and is arranged to control the voltage conversion arrangement 11 for active and reactive power exchange between the device 8 and the electrical three- phase AC network Nl. This control is indicated with dashed arrows .
  • An electric vessel 18 to be electrically charged is in fig. 1 connected to the vessel connection terminal T2 of the converter of the second type.
  • This vessel connection terminal thus provides an AC charging connector that enables the connection of electric vessel to be charged. That charging is to be made is indicated through the vessel 18 including the symbol of a battery.
  • the electric vessel in fig. 1 is a vehicle in the form of an automobile, which may have an electrical motor or a hybrid motor. It should be realized that the vessel is not limited to automobiles but may be another type of vehicle, like a motorcycle, a tractor, a truck or a bus. However, it may just as well be another type of vessel such as a boat, a ship or a ferry.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block schematic of a device 8 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This device is in many instances the same as the device of the first embodiment and can therefore also be used in the description of the device of the first embodiment.
  • the difference between the first and the second embodiments is essentially the provision of a further DC charging connector. This is provided for vessels that have DC connectors instead of AC connectors in order to enable charging also via a DC connector. It should here be realized that also the device of the first embodiment may be provided with a capacitor between the DC terminals of the converters of the first and second types.
  • Fig. 3 shows a block schematic outlining how the converter of the first type may be realized. This is just one way of providing a converter of this type.
  • the converter 12 here includes a group of branches in the form of phase legs connected in parallel between two DC connection points DCl+ and DCl- which together provide the first DC terminal DCl.
  • Each phase leg has a first and second end point.
  • Each phase leg includes a lower and upper phase leg half and at the junction where the halves of a leg meet, a three-phase connection point TlA, TlB and TlC of the three-phase AC terminal Tl is provided.
  • Each three-phase connection point TlA, TlB, TlC of the three-phase AC terminal Tl is here connected to the corresponding phase leg via a respective inductor LAlA, LA2A, LA3A.
  • each half furthermore includes one current limiting inductor LAlB, LAlC, LA2B, LA2C, LA3C, and LA3C connected to the corresponding DC connection point DC+ and DC-.
  • Each half furthermore includes a switching arrangement SWlA, SWlB, SW2A, SW2B, SW3A, SW3B being controlled by the local control unit 16.
  • a capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the phase legs.
  • the switching elements can each be provided in the form of a switch and anti-parallel diode combination, where the switch may as an example be an IGBT transistor. It should here also be mentioned that as an alternative the capacitor C2 could be removed and each switching element be replaced by one or more so-called half- bridge converter cells, where each cell includes a capacitor and two series-connected switching elements. One connection terminal of such a half-bridge cell is provided in the junction between the two switching elements and the other at a junction between one of the switching elements and the capacitor.
  • the local control unit 16 controls the switching elements for converting AC power to DC power or vice versa.
  • the switching elements SWlA, SWlB, SW2A, SW2B, SW3A, SW3C here provide a voltage at the junction between two phase leg halves based on energy stored in the capacitor C2.
  • varying the amplitude provided at a three-phase connection point of the AC terminal through suitable switching of the switching elements in the corresponding phase leg it is here possible to control reactive power exchange between the three-phase network and the device, where an amplitude that is higher than the network amplitude provides an injection of reactive power into the three-phase network and an amplitude that is lower than the network amplitude provides absorption or a withdrawal of reactive power from the three-phase network.
  • varying of the phase of a phase leg through control of the corresponding switching elements provides either an injection of active power or a withdrawal of active power, which active power is either supplied to or drawn from the second type of voltage converter.
  • the control typically involves generating control signals by the control unit 16 in known fashion based on PWM modulation for instance using a triangular sawtooth wave as a reference signal and supplying these control signals to switching elements SWlA, SWlB, SW2A, SW2B, SW3A, SW3C.
  • the first type of converter may be provided with set points that have been determined based on measurement values comprising frequency, voltage or power of the electrical three- phase alternating current network for providing bidirectional power exchange between the device and the network.
  • One set point may be a voltage set point or a reactive power set point.
  • Another set point may be a frequency set point.
  • the converter of the second type converts the DC voltage provided by the first converter on the second DC terminal DC2 to a single phase AC voltage having a frequency and an amplitude being specified for the connection to the vessel and also using PWM for the control. This is as such well-known within the field.
  • the local control unit In operation of the device according to the first embodiment the local control unit thus receives measurement values MV of the network such as voltage level and frequency values. It then determines set points to be used in the control based on these measured network values. Some set points may here also be pre-stored in the local control unit.
  • the local control unit may also detect whether a vessel is connected to the vessel connection terminal or not and if it is, it may then detect or obtain charging parameters such as state of charge, maximum current as well as frequency to be used in charging, etc. This data can be obtained via the AC charging connector.
  • the three-phase network provides power at 400 V with a current rating of 16/25 A per phase which is converted to for instance 230 V with a current between 0 - 50 A between 30 - 50 A or even between 0 - 80 A.
  • the local control unit may then control the voltage conversion arrangement so that the required charging takes place, which may be according to the frequency of the tree-phase network Nl. This may be done through using a frequency set point (which may be pre-programmed) being related to the network frequency. It may here furthermore apply droop regulation of the converter of the first type in relation to neighboring network nodes of the three- phase network when performing active power exchange.
  • the local control unit can control the voltage conversion arrangement, i.e.
  • first and second type of converter through applying current limitations, i.e. impose a given maximum current that can be absorbed from the three-phase network.
  • Further possible functions in relation to charging or discharging are providing of bidirectional active power exchange according to time, such as blocking the charging during a given time window. Charging may thus be forbidden in a set time interval and allowed in other time intervals. In this way the voltage conversion arrangement is controlled in a time- controlled fashion. This can be based on contractual agreement with the network, which may be desirable if for instance the price varies with time. It can also be made based on the knowledge about in which time intervals the load on the network is high. It is also possible to enable or disable active power exchange in a direction, i.e.
  • the network frequency is outside a specified network frequency band or not, i.e. controlling charging to be turned on or off based on if frequency is above or below a given frequency setting or band. If for instance the network frequency is below this band no charging, i.e. withdrawal of active power from the network, may be allowed, while if it is above the frequency band no active power injection to the network may allowed, but should instead be withdrawn, i.e. vessel charging should take place. When active power is to be withdrawn, the vessel battery may instead be discharged, i.e. provide active power to the network.
  • Balancing can also be performed in relation only to the device for electrical charging of a electric vessel, i.e. in relation to the three-phase network terminal of the converter of the first type.
  • the local control unit may perform control of reactive power exchange of the converter of the first type based on a voltage or on a reactive power set point, which may be pre-programmed, which may be according to the tree- phase network voltage. This may be done independently of if a vehicle is connected to the device or not.
  • the device of the present invention has a number of advantages. It allows fast charging of the vessel without requiring any changes in the electrical system in the vessel, or on circuits of the household. This is done through adapting the power supply from the three- phase network to the electric system of the vessel. However, this is not all. As the device allows reactive power to be both injected and absorbed to and from the three-phase network at all times, the device of the invention assists in the stabilising of the three-phase network, both when the vessel is connected and when it is not. The device thus provides a voltage support for the three-phase network and when the vessel is connected for being charged it furthermore adapts the charging to what is beneficiary for the three-phase network.
  • a further tool in this support is obtained when a vessel is connected, because then also active power regulation can be used, through charging and discharging the vessel battery. If several devices are provided, these devices can then be seen as a number of mini-STATCOMs distributed throughout the three-phase network providing the dual functionality of vessel charging and network stabilisation.
  • the device according to the first and second embodiments of the invention is typically a household device, i.e. there is one device in a household, being provided for one vehicle.
  • a device according to the invention may be provided in a garage, a parking lot or other location where several vessels are to be placed.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Nl including a transformer TR leading to a power line PL.
  • a device 8 according to the third embodiment is here connected to this connection point 10' .
  • the device 8 here includes a converter 12 of the first type that has a three-phase network terminal Tl and a first DC terminal DCl. However, here the first DC terminal of this converter 12 is connected to a DC rail 20. To which rail there are connected a first, second, third and fourth converter 14, 22, 24, 26 of the second type. Here vessels 18 and 28 are connected to the first and the fourth converters 14 and 26 of the second type, while none are connected to the second and third converters 22 and 24 of the second type.
  • the local control unit has been omitted from this view. However it controls both the converter of the first type as well as all converters of the second type according to the principles mentioned above.
  • the local control unit obtained network measurements, i.e. receives measured network values, and determined set points used for control based on these and the requirements from the vessel. It then controlled power exchange, including active and reactive power exchange, between the device for electrical charging and the electrical three-phase network.
  • controlled power exchange including active and reactive power exchange, between the device for electrical charging and the electrical three-phase network.
  • set points used for regulating the converters may be provided by a central control unit in the network instead.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block schematic of a system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is in many respects identical to fig. 1.
  • a central control unit 30 in the network which provides set points SP to a local control unit 32 (indicated with a dashed arrow) instead of the local control unit obtaining measurement values.
  • This local control unit 32 is essentially provided for receiving set points from the central control unit and distributing them to the relevant converters.
  • the local control unit thus receives the set points that are to be used in the control from the central control unit.
  • the system of the invention here includes the central control unit 30 and the device 8. It should be realized that the system normally includes more electrical charging devices 8 connected to the network Nl in a similar way as device 8.
  • the central control unit 30 may receive information about the electric vessels from the devices, select a control strategy for the devices 8, communicate the selected control strategy to the devices 8 through sending at least one signal.
  • the devices 8 would then control the charging of the batteries of the electric vessels according to the signal received from the central control unit 30, control the reactive power exchanged with the network Nl according to the signal from the central control unit 30, and control the three phase input current amplitude and phase according to the signal from the central control unit.
  • the devices may here be configured to control the three phase input current to be balanced in the three phases at the connection point it has to the three phase network, as well as be configured to control the three phase input current to be balanced in the three phases at a selected point of common coupling in the three- phase network.
  • All devices may be equipped with one or more DC connectors as in the second embodiment.
  • the device of the invention may include over current protection and/or a residual current circuit breaker at the single phase connector.
  • the device can furthermore be arranged to correct electrical quality problems associated with the connection to the three-phase network at the network interface point.
  • the local or central control unit can thus take such considerations into account when regulating the converters of the first and the second type. This may involve the local control unit regulating the power factor of the connection to the three-phase network at the network interface point to a predetermined set point, such as one, independently of the number of loads that are being connected, where these loads include electric vessels.
  • the device may also include more than one converter of the first type.
  • each voltage conversion arrangement includes a converter of the first type and a converter of the second type, and each arrangement has a separate connection to the network.
  • the three-phase network and the vessel charging terminal may thus operate at different frequencies.
  • the frequency used by the vessel is different than the frequency of the network.
  • the network typically uses 50 HZ. If for instance a higher frequency is used, it is here possible to speed up charging. This vessel frequency may vary from zero, i.e. DC, to high frequency.
  • the local control units may each be realized in the form of a processor with accompanying program memory comprising computer program code that performs the desired control functionality when being run on the processor .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif (8) de charge de cuve électrique (18) qui comprend une borne de réseau triphasé (T1) destinée à être connectée à un réseau électrique de courant alternatif triphasé (N1), au moins une borne de connexion de cuve (T2) destinée à être connectée à la batterie d'une cuve électrique qui doit être chargée, et un agencement de conversion de tension (11) destiné à réaliser une conversion entre une tension alternative triphasée à la borne de réseau triphasé et une tension monophasée à la borne de connexion de cuve, l'agencement de conversion de tension comprenant au moins un convertisseur (12, 14) et pouvant être commandé pour fournir un échange de puissance active et réactive bidirectionnel avec le réseau de courant alternatif triphasé, l'échange de puissance active bidirectionnel comprenant l'utilisation d'une batterie de cuve connectée. La présente invention concerne également un système et un procédé de charge de cuves électriques.
PCT/EP2009/058234 2009-02-12 2009-07-01 Charge de cuves électriques WO2010091743A2 (fr)

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US61/151,949 2009-02-12

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EP3037297A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy Véhicule d'exploitation minière et son procédé d'alimentation en énergie
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US9168839B2 (en) 2012-07-20 2015-10-27 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Electric power distribution method and device
FR2993514A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede et dispositif de distribution d'energie electrique
EP2688177A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-22 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Procédé et dispositif de distribution d'énergie électrique
US9796278B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2017-10-24 Audi Ag Method for operating a charging device for single-phase and multi-phase charging of an energy store in a motor vehicle and charging device
WO2014180539A2 (fr) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-13 Audi Ag Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif de charge pour assurer la charge monophasée et polyphasée d'un accumulateur d'énergie d'un véhicule à moteur et dispositif de charge
CN105189191A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2015-12-23 奥迪股份公司 用于运行用于机动车蓄能器的单相充电和多相充电的充电装置的方法和充电装置
WO2014180539A3 (fr) * 2013-05-10 2015-01-08 Audi Ag Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif de charge pour assurer la charge monophasée et polyphasée d'un accumulateur d'énergie d'un véhicule à moteur et dispositif de charge
CN103545899A (zh) * 2013-09-23 2014-01-29 上海交通大学 电动汽车充放储一体化电站的无损增值效益控制方法
US10086707B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2018-10-02 Sandvik Mining And Construction Oy Mining vehicle and method for its energy supply
EP3037297A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy Véhicule d'exploitation minière et son procédé d'alimentation en énergie
CN105720664A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 山特维克矿山工程机械有限公司 采矿车辆及用于采矿车辆的能量供应的方法
CN104670040A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-03 南京航空航天大学 一种电动汽车充电与驱动集成拓扑
CN104670040B (zh) * 2015-02-11 2016-11-23 南京航空航天大学 一种电动汽车充电与驱动集成拓扑
EP3229334B1 (fr) * 2016-04-05 2020-08-12 Danfoss Editron Oy Système d'alimentation électrique pour fournir de l'énergie électrique à un vaisseau
EP3696936A1 (fr) * 2016-04-05 2020-08-19 Danfoss Editron Oy Vaisseau
US11273721B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2022-03-15 Danfoss Editron Oy Vessel with electric power connectors
US10850628B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2020-12-01 Danfoss Editron Oy Electric power system for supplying electric energy to a vessel
US20170282730A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 Visedo Oy Electric power system for supplying electric energy to a vessel
EP3335925A1 (fr) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-20 Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen Dispositif de production et de réglage de puissance réactive coordonnée et centrale de puissance réactive virtuelle se basant sur celui-ci
WO2018108997A1 (fr) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen Dispositif de production et de régulation d'énergie réactive coordonnées et centrale d'énergie réactive virtuelle basée sur celui-ci
DE102018130888A1 (de) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-04 Innogy Se Ladestation mit Lastmanagement durch Anhebung der Versorgungsspannung
EP3664244A1 (fr) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-10 Innogy SE Station de charge à gestion de charge par élévation de la tension d'alimentation
US11135936B2 (en) 2019-03-06 2021-10-05 Fermata, LLC Methods for using temperature data to protect electric vehicle battery health during use of bidirectional charger
US11958376B2 (en) 2019-03-06 2024-04-16 Fermata Energy Llc Methods for using cycle life data to protect electric vehicle battery health during use of bidirectional charger
CN110797882A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2020-02-14 阳光电源股份有限公司 一种直流充电站及其控制方法
WO2021108342A1 (fr) * 2019-11-26 2021-06-03 Fermata, LLC Dispositif de conversion de puissance bidirectionnelle et de charge destiné à être utilisé avec des véhicules électriques
US11958372B2 (en) 2019-11-26 2024-04-16 Fermata Energy Llc Device for bi-directional power conversion and charging for use with electric vehicles

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