WO2010082808A2 - System for the remote control and management of electric power - Google Patents

System for the remote control and management of electric power Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010082808A2
WO2010082808A2 PCT/MX2010/000019 MX2010000019W WO2010082808A2 WO 2010082808 A2 WO2010082808 A2 WO 2010082808A2 MX 2010000019 W MX2010000019 W MX 2010000019W WO 2010082808 A2 WO2010082808 A2 WO 2010082808A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
condex
sce
meter
remote
meters
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PCT/MX2010/000019
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2010082808A4 (en
WO2010082808A3 (en
Inventor
José Eduardo ESCOBAR CASTELO
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Escobar Castelo Jose Eduardo
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Publication of WO2010082808A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010082808A2/en
Publication of WO2010082808A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010082808A3/en
Publication of WO2010082808A4 publication Critical patent/WO2010082808A4/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth

Definitions

  • remote energy meters or remote measurement systems, that do not have the ability to protect themselves against high currents or short circuits and do not have devices to disconnect large loads or remote communication means that allow telemetry through the technologies of vanguard: INTERNET, GPRS (Cellular), RF Radio Frequency or PLC; as well as the ability to measure energy in both directions (in the traditional way from the supply company to the consumer and now from the consumer-generator to the "supply" company).
  • the measurement system presented here includes an electrical energy meter called SCE-CONDEX B METER that, thanks to the dedicated use of a state-of-the-art microcontroller, coupled with the latest in specialized integrated circuits dedicated to The measurement of the electrical energy has the capacity to measure 5 types of electrical parameters, one of them the energy with THD (Total Harmony Distortion) and the active energy, bidirectionally.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM makes use of the most modern Communication technologies such as GPRS, INTERNET and Radio Frequency, with a modularization concept that grants the versatility of being able to choose between any of the means described above to have a great range of communications.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM is prepared to quickly face the incorporation of some emerging technology (such as WIMAX), so as not to become obsolete in communication processes, such as current systems.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM is composed of 3 integrated subsystems that give it the ability to detect short circuits, overcurrents, bridges or junctions in connections and protect the power system by instantly disconnecting loads of up to 100 A.
  • the first subsystem is called SCE-CONDEX B METER, which is a self-protected class 0.2 bidirectional watthorimeter with artificial intelligence sufficient to detect manipulations, overcurrent, short circuit and send reports of these anomalies, as well as their parameters of interest, with wireless technology and / or wired.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER incorporates a superlative degree of safety thanks to the fact that it can detect vibrations due to seismic movements and disconnect the energy of the user thus avoiding the accidents that occur after an event of this class .
  • SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR makes use of the MODEM PLC technology (Power Une Consulication or Communication by the power line), the GPRS technology and the Radio Frequency, controlled by a latest generation microprocessor, to form intelligent networks and thus ensure that the SCE-CONDEX B METERS are communicated with a central system, no matter how far they are from it.
  • the remote component that receives the information of each and every one of the SCE-CONDEX B METERS through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS is called BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B BASE normally installed in an office of the energy supply company, makes use of the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE to have control over the entire SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM.
  • SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM an invention that motivates this patent, presents the innovative characteristics of being a system for the control and administration of electrical energy remotely, with self-protected bidirectional measuring devices (SCE-CONDEX B METER) , systems capable of collecting their information and processing it properly (CONCENTRATORS SCE-CONDEX B) to be sent to the central office (BASE SCE-CONDEX B) for monitoring and control of the general system.
  • SCE-CONDEX B METER self-protected bidirectional measuring devices
  • the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM consists of 3 subsystems that interact with each other to form a very efficient system for measuring, telemetry and remote control of electrical energy:
  • the SCE-CONDEX B (1) METERS are the heart of the system, as they are responsible for measuring the voltage and sensing the current in a dedicated way through an integrated circuit (CI) MMP "programmable single-phase meter" of high technology.
  • This MMP is connected to a microcontroller that, by means of a circuit, monitors the voltage at the output and at the meter input to detect anomalies. If an anomaly is detected and could damage the meter, it acts autonomously, protecting itself, that is, disconnecting its voltage output and, subsequently, communicating this anomaly to the corresponding concentrator through its communication systems MODEM PLC (2) and / or Radio Frequency (3).
  • the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (5) is a system that has a microcontroller with 2 communication modules, PLC MODEM (2) and Radio Frequency (3) and that communicates with several SCE-CONDEX B METERS.
  • the PLC MODEM (2) is used to communicate with the SCE-CONDEX B METERS in which it is not possible to communicate by other means;
  • Ia Radio Frequency (3) is used to communicate with the SCE-CONDEX B METERS and with another kind of concentrator called MASTER CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B (4).
  • the MASTER CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B (4) gathers the information of several SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS (5) and, through its communication modules such as the GPRS (6) and the Internet (10), sends the information to the BASE SCE-CONDEX B (7) that is in the central office.
  • the information is processed by the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE (9) to display it on the PC screen (8) in a manner understandable to the operator of the plant.
  • the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B also has the ability to detect movements that could be caused by earthquakes or some impact on the post where it was installed.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR sends the instantaneous disconnection of its SCE-CONDEX B METERS to avoid fires or some other type of accident caused by these anomalous circumstances. Said anomalies are reported immediately to the BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
  • the remote component that receives the information of each and every one of the SCE-CONDEX B METERS, through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS, is called BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B BASE normally installed in an office of the energy supply company, makes use of the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE to have control over the entire SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM.
  • Electromechanical meters are devices without any kind of artificial intelligence, they do not have the ability to interconnect with each other to form large networks that can be controlled and monitored remotely, so that they cannot obtain any type of digital information transmitted wirelessly and null measurement of alternate parameters indispensable for its correct operation.
  • the recommended operating conditions for this meter are: supply voltage 90-264 VAC and power consumption ⁇ 3 W.
  • the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) is the central processing unit of this system because it handles the communication through the SPI 1 bus (Serial Peripheral Interface) (18) with the programmable single-phase meter "MMP" (2), as well as all peripheral Integrated Circuits associated with it.
  • SPI 1 bus Serial Peripheral Interface
  • MMP programmable single-phase meter
  • SPI 2 On another bus, SPI 2 (17), it communicates to the Integrated Circuit of the PLC MODEM (6), and this, in turn, to a COUPLING CIRCUIT (13); said circuit is responsible for transforming and injecting, in Phase (12) and Neutral (11), the signals that are required to communicate with its associated concentrator.
  • the measurement stage consists of the voltage (5) and current (4) sensors through the REDUCING CIRCUIT (15).
  • the bistable polarized relay RBP (3) is controlled by means of 2 digital outputs of the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) through the POWER MODULE (14).
  • the diablite detector circuit (8) is continuously sensed through 2 analog outputs of the ⁇ C MICROCONTROLLER (1).
  • the data and measurements obtained from the peripheral systems are displayed by means of the LCD display (7).
  • This module is controlled by means of an interface parallel to ⁇
  • the 8 x 1 LCD display displays, in 6 digits, the kilowatthora, the balance in pesos and other parameters of interest through the rotation of the screen.
  • the calibration led (20) is an infrared light emitting diode that is used to calibrate the system, comparing it against a pattern of defined pulses and of known frequency.
  • the opening sensor (19) is a hall effect technology IC, it works associated to a magnet placed on the cover of the SCE-CONDEX B METER, with which any possible attempt to open it is detected.
  • thermosensor IC 10 that delivers its information to the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) by means of a digital pin every time it is required.
  • the thermal value is used to control the internal temperature of the SCE-CONDEX B METER, to compensate for losses that may occur due to the properties of the components.
  • the value of the kilowatthora consumed is displayed on the LCD screen (7), but it is also available by means of the FREQUENCY RADIO module (9) connected to the SPI 2 bus (17) in order to obtain the readings with some portable medium.
  • Information of interest is stored in an EEPROM MEMORY (16) that is communicated to the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) via the SPI 1 BUS (18).
  • This communication, memory-microcontroller, is only carried out when there are events of an unpredictable nature, such as a power failure in general.
  • the calibration information is stored in OTP memory that has "MMP" PROGRAMMABLE SINGLE PHASE METER (2) to prevent it from being manipulated or altered.
  • THE MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) communicates with the MMP IC "Programmable Single Phase Meter" (2) via the SPI BUS (18).
  • the MMP (2) is programmed through the SPI bus described above and, by means of the CURRENT SENSORS (4) after passing through the REDUCING CIRCUITS (15) and the VOLTAGE SENSOR (5), it is capable of integrating the active power with respect to at the same time, which is the mathematical definition of the kilowatthora parameter.
  • the MMP (2) is able to measure 5 types of electrical energy parameter and transmit them to the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) through the SPI bus (18).
  • the MMP (2) is designed for effective measurements of active energy, reactive energy and apparent energy in a power system, using Ragowski coils, shunts sensors or current transformers, as in this case. Each element needs a different reducing circuit.
  • the MMP (2) also has other desirable characteristics. One of them is to monitor the zero crossing of the voltage wave and indicate this situation on an output pin by means of a digital pulse. It also generates a calibration pulse that turns on / off an infrared LED.
  • the MMP (2) is continuously monitoring the current flowing through the system, which allows instant control in case of high currents that could damage the system. This information is available through the SPI bus (18).
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER is always in a position to have accurate and reliable measurements.
  • the current exceeds a limit, previously established and stored in the memory of the MICROCONTROLLER, it sends to open the device provided for these extreme cases.
  • THE MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) communicates with the CI MODEM PLC (6) via the SPI bus (17)
  • the PLC MODEM (6) receives the digital signals from the MICROCONTROLLER (1) and processes them and injects the power lines (11) and (12) through the COUPLING CIRCUIT (13)
  • the PLC MODEM has the following characteristics: • SPI / UART interface
  • FSK Frequency-shift keying
  • the POLARIZED BISTABLE MICROCONTROLLER-RELAY block (RBP) is detailed in Fig. 5 which part of Fig. 2.
  • the POLARIZED BISTABLE RELAY (3) is a device that uses the principle of armor H, because this system has a high resistance to impacts and vibrations.
  • the advantage of the RBP is its handling by pulses of the order of 20 mSeg, which prevents damage due to heating.
  • the digital output of the MICROCONTROLLER (1) is 3.3 V VDC and the RPB coils are 12VDC, so it needs the so-called TRIP CIRCUIT (14).
  • This TRIP CIRCUIT (14) makes the conversion of 3.3 V to 12 V necessary for the operation of the coils, thanks to 2 transistors Ql and Q2 mounted in darlington configuration.
  • the capacitor Cl has the function of providing at least 3 seconds of power when the power supply fails and giving the system the time to turn off the RBP, since a characteristic of the system consists in disconnecting the RBP in a power failure. This is done to achieve a staggered reconnection of the SCE CONDEX B METERS and minimize the problem of the "cold load", which occurs when, after a failure of the energy and when the energy returns, all the loads are connected simultaneously with the Consequences of instantaneous overloads, very high for the distributor equipment, especially the Power Transformers.
  • the detector circuit of diablitos is observed in Ia Rg. 6, derived from Ia Rg. 2. It has the function of monitoring when the PHASE (12) has been manipulated.
  • the operation is as follows: the voltage line is taken at the output B of the POLARIZED BISTABLE RELAY (No. 3) and the voltage signal is coupled to own levels for the MICROCONTROLLER (No. 1) through the signal shaping circuit ( No. 14), composed of passive components.
  • Radio Frequency module and its interaction with the system is described in Ia Rg. 7, in relation to Fig. 2.
  • the Microcontroller (1) communicates with the RF module (9) through the SPI bus (17) by means of previously established commands, to execute different actions or send the required information remotely by the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B or some another system compatible with this module in frequency and protocols.
  • the CCIlOO CI of Texas Instruments is used as the core of the Radio Frequency module.
  • the CC1100 is a transceiver for frequency below 1 GHz, designed for low power wireless applications. It is mainly oriented for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and SRD (Short Range Device) at frequencies of 315, 433, 868 and 915 MHz, but can be easily programmed to operate at other frequencies in the 300-348 MHz bands , 387-464 MHz and 779-928 MHz.
  • ISM International, Scientific and Medical
  • SRD Short Range Device
  • the microcontroller (1) communicates with the RF module through the SPI bus, the communication is simple since within the RF module there is another microcontroller that controls the CC1100 module to avoid data loss.
  • the RF module is prepared to form mesh networks, dedicated exclusively to communication. This gives the SCE-CONDEX B METER a robust RF communication necessary to avoid retransmissions or data loss.
  • the microcontroller (1) communicates with the MOTION SENSOR IC (42) through the SPI (41).
  • the MOTION SENSOR IC (42) has outputs of the digital type, that is to say a digital word directly proportional to the detected movement.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER will disconnect the output to protect the user, as it is considered an abnormal situation (it could be a tremor, a possible manipulation of the meter itself or a possible impact on the meter housing).
  • an abnormal situation it could be a tremor, a possible manipulation of the meter itself or a possible impact on the meter housing.
  • each earthquake has a unique magnitude, its effect will vary greatly depending on the distance, the condition of the land, the construction standards and other factors. Seismologists use different values of the Mercalli Intensity scale to describe the different effects of an earthquake. Due to the relative intensity to measure an earthquake this parameter is configurable.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER protects by short circuit when the current is greater than or equal to 100 Amps. 5
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER begins the disconnection process when it is detected in the MMP of Fig. 2 (2) that the system is approaching 100% of the capacity of the Meter in Amps.
  • the analog Q voltage signal enters the MMP Fig. 2 (2) which makes the digital signal processing of the sine wave (sampling) and delivers the zero crossing to the Microcontroller Fig. 2 (1) to send the disconnection order to the bistable polarized relay Fig. 2 (3) through the firing circuit Fig. 2 (14) in an approximate time of 20 mSeg. 5 OVERLOAD PROTECTION
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER is permanently measuring the current; at the moment that there is an overload of 70% of the capacity of the meter and that it is maintained for 3 seconds, the disconnection process will begin. 0
  • the disconnection process is the same as for the short circuit protection.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER performs the opening of the circuit, this is with the idea to protect users who coexist in the same phase and who are affected by this type of event. Protects the user by avoiding possible short-circuit fires and also protects the user's equipment.
  • the percentage of 70% is adjustable by the electric power supplier.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B GAUGE provides this 5 Protection appliances when there is an abnormality Ia by energy utilities company or when a user of the electrical system is causing disturbances that can damage equipment and cause accidents.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER begins the disconnection process when the Q voltage measured on the Rg voltage sensor. 2 (5) is less than or equal to 100 V rms permanently at zero crossing of the voltage signal;
  • the analog voltage signal enters the MMP Fig. 2 (2) which makes the digital signal processing of the sine wave (sampling) and delivers the zero crossing to the Rg Microcontroller.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER measures both the current that passes through the line and the current that returns by neutral in the MMP Rg. 2 (2) by the following Algorithm: EnergyCHl - EnergyCH2> KCRIT (EnergyCHl + EnergyCH2) / 2;
  • KCRIT can be 12.5% or 6.25%.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER detects this situation.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER Upon detecting a difference of 12.5% between the amount of line energy and the neutral energy, the SCE-CONDEX B METER sends an alarm to the central monitoring station to report the illicit.
  • This event is sent to the monitoring center through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR.
  • the meter housing becomes fully operational, the sensor will cause a signal that the microcontroller Fig. 2 (1) will register immediately. j - This event will be detected and an alarm will be generated for possible manipulation.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS are the systems in charge of the communication between the SCE-CONDEX B METERS and the SCE-CONDEX B BASE.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR is composed of:
  • Fig. 8 the elements of a SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR are shown.
  • the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) is the central processing unit of this system, since it manages the communication between the 3 MMP ICs "programmable single phase meter" (2, 7 and 12) one for each phase.
  • the data of the current sensors (4, 5, 9, 10, 14 and 15) are adapted to the MMP levels through the REDUCING CIRCUITS (3, 8 and 13) so that, in turn, they are transferred to the MICROCONTROLLER ⁇ C (1) through the bus SPI (40), as done in the SCE CONDEX B METER
  • the Radio Frequency module (35) is connected, to obtain the readings, parameters and alarms of the SCE-CONDEX B METERS associated to each concentrator, as well as to send them commands whenever it is required.
  • Radio Frequency module identical to that of the SCE CONDEX B METERS, thus achieving high RF coverage.
  • Another SPI bus (41) communicates to the IC of the PLC MODEM (17) and this, in turn, to a FILTER (No. 18). So far everything is analogous to the SCE-CONDEX B METER, only now a PHASE SELECTOR (19) has been inserted to allow communication with the 3 phases with only one PLC MODEM and if necessary.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR has 2-type NON-VOLATILE MEMORY: SD CARD (24) and Flash EEPROM (25) to store configuration parameters and information of importance to it.
  • SD CARD memory (24) is useful when it is necessary to carry detailed logs, as it provides the memory capacity of up to 1 Gigabyte external.
  • RTC Real Time Clock
  • Real Time Clock a Real Time Clock
  • SERIAL NUMBER a SERIAL NUMBER for unique identification by the system, connected to the same SPI BUS (41).
  • the MICROCONTROLLER (1) is communicated to the GPRS (28) by means of a UART, acronym for Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter or Asynchronous Universal Transmitter-Receiver.
  • the UART is the part of the microcontroller used to obtain RS232 communication that is precisely the interface of the GPRS.
  • the system sends all the information of the remote systems to the remote control unit or BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
  • an ETHERNET MODULE (31) can be implemented to the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR to be able to access the information via the Internet or send commands to the systems that have this module.
  • the voltage source (20) keeps the system energized.
  • the phase selector circuit Rg. 9 allows to communicate to any of the 3 phases with a single PLC MODEM (2).
  • the selected PHASE will be the one that enters the FILTERING circuit (4) for TX and RX and, consequently, with the network of SCE-CONDEX B METERS associated to that phase.
  • Fig. 10 the circuit is shown to synchronize the 3 phases when it is required to initiate communication with any of them.
  • the diode Dl acts to conduct this current and not let the OPTOl photodiode act, lowering the voltage to levels close to O V. In this way a train of pulses is obtained starting at the zero crossing of the sine wave. of the voltage
  • Each SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR is capable of monitoring and controlling a maximum of 255 SCE-CONDEX B METERS and is capable of transmitting the data of its SCE-CONDEX B METERS associated to the authorized SCE-CONDEX B CENTER and / or linking with another CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B to send the data to it and the latter, in turn, proceeds to send them to the authorized SCE-CONDEX B CENTRAL.
  • the SCE CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR would be placed as indicated in Fig. 11.
  • the system has 2 current meters for each phase, one of 7OA (2) and another of 400A (3) to detect illegal connections through a complex algorithm.
  • the quality of the energy (THD) delivered by the POWER TRANSFORMER (6) associated with each SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1) can be measured.
  • each SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1) protects itself from instantaneous overloads, because when a power failure occurs the reset is done in such a way that it begins to connect the associated SCE-CONDEX B METERS in a staggered manner, thus minimizing the effects of the so-called "cold load”.
  • Step 1 Request the instantaneous power of each rush.
  • Step 2 Compare the power measured by each connection with the meter installed in the concentrator.
  • Step 3 The concentrator requests the voltage at each connection. The one with the lowest voltage represents a reason for physical revision of the installation, since it is very likely that it is manipulated.
  • each meter can be "opened" remotely by the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1). This can measure the voltage at points (2/3) and the current flow in the PHASE (2).
  • Each SCE-CONDEX B METER (8, 14, 20 and 26) can communicate with the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1) through its own Radio Frequency Module, thus the voltages of the points (5/6), (11 / 12), (17/18) and (23/24) can be read and transmitted to the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METERS are connected to the power line with 5m of 8 gauge connection.
  • the house that is "stealing” the electricity causes a voltage drop of 880 millivolts from the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR to the SCE-CONDEX B METER, this difference can be detected by the SCE-CONDEX B METER. If, for example, the house (21) was the one that was “stealing” the electricity, the voltage in the SCE-CONDEX B METERS (8), (14) and (26) would be the same practically as in the SCE-CONDEX CONCENTRATOR B, points (2) and (5), but that of the house (21), points (17) and (18), would measure 880 millivolts less.
  • the SCE-CONDEX B METER can read the voltage at the input thereof and Io can measure the output so that, if the SCE-CONDEX B METER is disconnected and, at the same time, reading on the side of the output to The house, we will have an illicit in the Phase.
  • a device, product of the new generation of very low power electronics (nanotechnology) and that provides extreme versatility of connection to the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR, is called the REMOTE CURRENT TRANSDUCER.
  • Fig. 13 describes in blocks the REMOTE CURRENT TRANSDUCER
  • the voltage regulator (3) prevents damage to the system by high current peaks.
  • the associated SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR will not necessarily have to be side by side of the POWER TRANSFORMER being monitored, it may be on the next post or in another place that is available.
  • the BASE (1) transfers the information to and from remote systems (4) through GPRS cellular telephony (5) or through an IP point through the Internet
  • the base communicates with the PC (2) through USB (7) or Ethernet (3) communication and puts in a database all the readings of the remote SCE-CONDEX B METERS through the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE (6).
  • the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE is designed to communicate with everyone the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS who register in their DATABASE.
  • the information arrives encrypted from the concentrators and the software of the decrypted base, this is so that no values or readings can be obtained by some unauthorized systems
  • the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE shows in different screens all the events generated in the remote systems such as:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the remote power control and management, comprising: meters used to obtain a class-0.2 bidirectional power measurement, to detect manipulations, to detect excess current, to detect short-circuits and to detect vibration caused by seismic movements and to disconnect the user; and concentrators which communicate with the meters and manage and control parameters of interest, which are sent to a base that receives all of the information from the meters via the concentrators.

Description

SISTEMA DE CONTROL Y ADMINISTRACIÓN REMOTA DE ENERGÍA CON MEDIDOR DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA BIDIRECCIONAL AUTOPROTEGIDO, DETECCIÓN DE ROBO DE ENERGÍA, PROTECCIÓN CONTRA SOBRECARGA, CONTRA CORTOCIRCUITO, SISTEMA DE CONEXIÓN DESCONEXIÓN, Y COMUNICACIÓN POR MODEM PLC Y/O RF DENOMINADO SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B REMOTE ENERGY CONTROL AND ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM WITH SELF-PROTECTED BIDIRECTIONAL ELECTRIC ENERGY METER, ENERGY THEFT DETECTION, PROTECTION AGAINST OVERLOAD, SHORT CIRCUIT, CONNECTION SYSTEM DISCONNECTING, AND COMMEMICATION BY SEM / D-SYSTEM
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Tradicionalmente Ia medición de Ia energía eléctrica se ha implementado a través de sistemas electromecánicos que cumplen con sus funciones limitadamente; en Ia actualidad, debido al avance tecnológico, es posible cambiar estos sistemas de medición limitados por nuevos sistemas y, así, beneficiar tanto al consumidor de Ia energía eléctrica como al distribuidor de Ia misma con Ia medición de más parámetros de Ia energía.Traditionally, the measurement of electrical energy has been implemented through electromechanical systems that fulfill their functions limitedly; At present, due to technological advancement, it is possible to change these limited measurement systems with new systems and, thus, benefit both the consumer of the electric power and the distributor thereof with the measurement of more energy parameters.
Existen medidores de energía eléctrica vía remota, o sistemas de medición remota, que no tienen Ia capacidad de autoprotegerse contra altas corrientes o cortocircuitos y no cuentan con dispositivos para desconectar cargas grandes ni medios de comunicación remota que permitan Ia telemetría por medio de las tecnologías de vanguardia: INTERNET, GPRS (Celular), Radio Frecuencia RF o PLC; así como tampoco Ia capacidad de medir Ia energía en ambas direcciones (de Ia forma tradicional desde Ia compañía suministradora hacia el consumidor y ahora desde el consumidor-generador hacia Ia compañía "suministradora").There are remote energy meters, or remote measurement systems, that do not have the ability to protect themselves against high currents or short circuits and do not have devices to disconnect large loads or remote communication means that allow telemetry through the technologies of vanguard: INTERNET, GPRS (Cellular), RF Radio Frequency or PLC; as well as the ability to measure energy in both directions (in the traditional way from the supply company to the consumer and now from the consumer-generator to the "supply" company).
El sistema de medición aquí presentado, llamado SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, incluye un medidor de energía eléctrica denominado MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B que, gracias al uso dedicado de un microcontrolador de última tecnología, aunado a Io más reciente en circuitos integrados especializados dedicados a Ia medición de Ia energía eléctrica, tiene capacidad de medir 5 tipos de parámetros eléctricos, uno de ellos Ia energía con THD (Total Harmonyc Distortion) y Ia energía activa, bidireccionalmente. El SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B hace uso de las más modernas tecnologías de Comunicación como los son el GPRS, INTERNET y Radio Frecuencia, con un concepto de modularización que otorga Ia versatilidad de poder elegir entre cualquiera de los medios antes descritos para tener un gran rango de comunicaciones.The measurement system presented here, called the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, includes an electrical energy meter called SCE-CONDEX B METER that, thanks to the dedicated use of a state-of-the-art microcontroller, coupled with the latest in specialized integrated circuits dedicated to The measurement of the electrical energy has the capacity to measure 5 types of electrical parameters, one of them the energy with THD (Total Harmony Distortion) and the active energy, bidirectionally. The SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM makes use of the most modern Communication technologies such as GPRS, INTERNET and Radio Frequency, with a modularization concept that grants the versatility of being able to choose between any of the means described above to have a great range of communications.
Al tener de forma modular las tecnologías de comunicación el SISTEMA SCE- CONDEX B está preparado para afrontar rápidamente Ia incorporación de alguna tecnología emergente (como sería el WIMAX), para no quedar obsoleto en los procesos de comunicación, como los sistemas actuales.By having modular communication technologies, the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM is prepared to quickly face the incorporation of some emerging technology (such as WIMAX), so as not to become obsolete in communication processes, such as current systems.
El SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B está compuesto de 3 subsistemas integrados que Ie dan Ia capacidad para detectar cortocircuitos, sobrecorrientes, puentes o derivaciones en acometidas y proteger al sistema eléctrico de potencia desconectando instantáneamente cargas de hasta 100 A.The SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM is composed of 3 integrated subsystems that give it the ability to detect short circuits, overcurrents, bridges or junctions in connections and protect the power system by instantly disconnecting loads of up to 100 A.
El primer subsistema es llamado MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, que es un watthorímetro bidireccional clase 0.2 autoprotegido y con inteligencia artificial suficiente para detectar manipulaciones, sobrecorriente, cortocircuito y mandar reportes de estas anomalías, así como de sus parámetros de interés, con tecnología inalámbrica y/o alámbrica.The first subsystem is called SCE-CONDEX B METER, which is a self-protected class 0.2 bidirectional watthorimeter with artificial intelligence sufficient to detect manipulations, overcurrent, short circuit and send reports of these anomalies, as well as their parameters of interest, with wireless technology and / or wired.
Complementando las características anteriores, el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B incorpora un grado superlativo de seguridad gracias a que puede detectar vibraciones a causa de movimientos sísmicos y desconectar Ia energía del usuario evitando, así, los siniestros que se presentan después de un evento de esta clase.Complementing the above characteristics, the SCE-CONDEX B METER incorporates a superlative degree of safety thanks to the fact that it can detect vibrations due to seismic movements and disconnect the energy of the user thus avoiding the accidents that occur after an event of this class .
Otro de los subsistemas incluido en el SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, en un equipo que realiza las funciones de comunicar un gran número de MEDIDORES SCE- CONDEX B, administrar y controlar los parámetros de interés de estos y enviarlos a un sistema remoto central, es el llamado CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B. El CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B hace uso de Ia tecnología MODEM PLC (Power Une Comunication o Comunicación por Ia línea de potencia), de Ia tecnología GPRS y de Ia Radio Frecuencia, controlados por un microprocesador de última generación, para formar redes inteligentes y así lograr que los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B estén comunicados con un sistema central, sin importar cuan lejanos estén del mismo.Another of the subsystems included in the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, in a team that performs the functions of communicating a large number of SCE-CONDEX B METERS, administering and controlling the parameters of interest of these and sending them to a central remote system, is the so-called CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B. The SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR makes use of the MODEM PLC technology (Power Une Comunication or Communication by the power line), the GPRS technology and the Radio Frequency, controlled by a latest generation microprocessor, to form intelligent networks and thus ensure that the SCE-CONDEX B METERS are communicated with a central system, no matter how far they are from it.
El componente remoto que recibe Ia información de todos y cada uno de los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B a través de los CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B se llama BASE SCE-CONDEX B.The remote component that receives the information of each and every one of the SCE-CONDEX B METERS through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS is called BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
La BASE SCE-CONDEX B, instalada normalmente en una oficina de Ia empresa suministradora de energía, hace uso del SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B para tener control sobre todo el SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B.The SCE-CONDEX B BASE, normally installed in an office of the energy supply company, makes use of the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE to have control over the entire SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema descrito, denominado SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, invención que motiva esta patente, presenta las características innovadoras de ser un sistema para el control y Ia administración de Ia energía eléctrica vía remota, con dispositivos medidores bidireccionales autoprotegidos (MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B), sistemas capaces de recolectar Ia información de los mismos y procesarla de manera adecuada (CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B) para enviarla a Ia oficina central (BASE SCE-CONDEX B) para su monitoreo y control del sistema general.The described system, called SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, an invention that motivates this patent, presents the innovative characteristics of being a system for the control and administration of electrical energy remotely, with self-protected bidirectional measuring devices (SCE-CONDEX B METER) , systems capable of collecting their information and processing it properly (CONCENTRATORS SCE-CONDEX B) to be sent to the central office (BASE SCE-CONDEX B) for monitoring and control of the general system.
Estos subsistemas, al estar desarrollados con tecnología de punta y con Ia utilización de microprocesadores dedicados y algoritmos eficaces implementados en el sistema, permiten detectar, al momento de Ia conexión, Ia existencia de conexiones ilícitas tales como una derivación o un puente, así como algún intento de manipular los elementos del propio sistema. Cualquier anomalía es reportada a una oficina central o al lugar desde donde estén siendo monitoreados los subsistemas. Al usar la comunicación a través de las propias líneas de alimentación, por medio de Ia tecnología MODEM PLC y/o Radio Frecuencia, es el sistema ideal para automatizar de manera inteligente y paulatina Ia red de distribución de energía eléctrica sin afectar a los usuarios, sólo con el simple cambio de los medidores actuales por los MEDIDORES SCE- CONDEX B, y Ia posterior instalación de los CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B y Ia CENTRAL SCE-CONDEX BThese subsystems, being developed with state-of-the-art technology and with the use of dedicated microprocessors and effective algorithms implemented in the system, allow to detect, at the time of the connection, the existence of illegal connections such as a branch or a bridge, as well as some attempt to manipulate the elements of the system itself. Any anomaly is reported to a central office or to the place where the subsystems are being monitored. By using communication through the power lines themselves, through MODEM PLC and / or Radio Frequency technology, it is the ideal system to intelligently and gradually automate the electricity distribution network without affecting users, only with the simple change of the current meters by the SCE-CONDEX B METERS, and the subsequent installation of the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS and the SCE-CONDEX B CENTRAL
El SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B consta de 3 subsistemas que interactúan entre sí para formar un sistema muy eficiente de medición, telemetría y control remoto de Ia energía eléctrica:The SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM consists of 3 subsystems that interact with each other to form a very efficient system for measuring, telemetry and remote control of electrical energy:
1. MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B1. SCE-CONDEX B METER
2. CONCENTRADORE SCE-CONDEX 3. BASE SCE-CONDEX B2. CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX 3. BASE SCE-CONDEX B
En Ia Rg. 1 se describe el SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX BIn the Rg. 1 describes the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM
Los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B (1) son el corazón del sistema, pues son los encargados de medir el voltaje y sensar Ia corriente de manera dedicada por medio de un circuito integrado (CI) MMP "medidor monofásico programable" de alta tecnología.The SCE-CONDEX B (1) METERS are the heart of the system, as they are responsible for measuring the voltage and sensing the current in a dedicated way through an integrated circuit (CI) MMP "programmable single-phase meter" of high technology.
Este MMP, a su vez, está comunicado con un microcontrolador que, por medio de un circuito, monitorea el voltaje a Ia salida y a Ia entrada del medidor para detectar anomalías. Si una anomalía es detectada y pudiera dañar el medidor éste actúa de manera autónoma autoprotegiéndose, es decir, desconectando su salida de voltaje y, posteriormente, comunicando esta anomalía al concentrador correspondiente por medio de sus sistemas de comunicación MODEM PLC (2) y/o Radio Frecuencia (3).This MMP, in turn, is connected to a microcontroller that, by means of a circuit, monitors the voltage at the output and at the meter input to detect anomalies. If an anomaly is detected and could damage the meter, it acts autonomously, protecting itself, that is, disconnecting its voltage output and, subsequently, communicating this anomaly to the corresponding concentrator through its communication systems MODEM PLC (2) and / or Radio Frequency (3).
Si Ia anomalía detectada no pone en riesgo al sistema propio sólo se comunica al concentrador correspondiente Ia situación. El CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B (5) es un sistema que posee un microcontrolador con 2 módulos de comunicación, MODEM PLC (2) Y Radio Frecuencia (3) y que se comunica con varios MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B.If the anomaly detected does not put the own system at risk, only the situation is communicated to the corresponding concentrator. The SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (5) is a system that has a microcontroller with 2 communication modules, PLC MODEM (2) and Radio Frequency (3) and that communicates with several SCE-CONDEX B METERS.
El MODEM PLC (2) se usa para tener comunicación con los MEDIDORES SCE- CONDEX B en los que no sea posible comunicarse por otro medio; Ia Radio Frecuencia (3) se usa para comunicarse con los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B y con otra clase de concentrador llamado CONCENTRADOR MASTER SCE- CONDEX B (4).The PLC MODEM (2) is used to communicate with the SCE-CONDEX B METERS in which it is not possible to communicate by other means; Ia Radio Frequency (3) is used to communicate with the SCE-CONDEX B METERS and with another kind of concentrator called MASTER CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B (4).
El CONCENTRADOR MASTER SCE-CONDEX B (4) reúne Ia información de varios CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B (5) y, a través de sus módulos de comunicación como el GPRS (6) y el Internet (10), manda Ia información hacia Ia BASE SCE-CONDEX B (7) que se encuentra en Ia oficina central.The MASTER CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B (4) gathers the information of several SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS (5) and, through its communication modules such as the GPRS (6) and the Internet (10), sends the information to the BASE SCE-CONDEX B (7) that is in the central office.
En Ia oficina central Ia información es procesada por el SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B (9) para mostrarla en Ia pantalla de Ia PC (8) de manera comprensible para el operador de Ia central.In the central office, the information is processed by the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE (9) to display it on the PC screen (8) in a manner understandable to the operator of the plant.
El CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B posee también Ia capacidad de detectar movimientos que pudieran ser originados por sismos o por algún impacto al poste donde se haya instalado.The CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B also has the ability to detect movements that could be caused by earthquakes or some impact on the post where it was installed.
Cuando se presenta esta situación el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B, manda Ia desconexión instantánea de sus MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B para evitar incendios o algún otro tipo de siniestro provocados por estas circunstancias anómalas. Dichas anomalías son reportadas inmediatamente a Ia BASE SCE- CONDEX B.When this situation arises, the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR sends the instantaneous disconnection of its SCE-CONDEX B METERS to avoid fires or some other type of accident caused by these anomalous circumstances. Said anomalies are reported immediately to the BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
El componente remoto que recibe Ia información de todos y cada uno de los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B, a través de los CONCENTRADORES SCE- CONDEX B, se llama BASE SCE-CONDEX B. La BASE SCE-CONDEX B, instalada normalmente en una oficina de Ia empresa suministradora de energía, hace uso del SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B para tener control sobre todo el SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B.The remote component that receives the information of each and every one of the SCE-CONDEX B METERS, through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS, is called BASE SCE-CONDEX B. The SCE-CONDEX B BASE, normally installed in an office of the energy supply company, makes use of the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE to have control over the entire SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM.
Los sistemas actuales de medición no tienen en su integración, como producto básico, Ia autoprotección, comunicación remota ni Ia medición bidireccional; al paso del tiempo se van deteriorando sin que nadie se entere y son poco confiables debido a que permiten, con suma facilidad, Ia manipulación por personal no autorizado.Current measurement systems do not include, as a basic product, self-protection, remote communication or bidirectional measurement; Over time they deteriorate without anyone knowing and are unreliable because they allow, very easily, manipulation by unauthorized personnel.
Los medidores electromecánicos son dispositivos sin ninguna clase de inteligencia artificial, no poseen Ia capacidad de interconectarse entre sí para formar grandes redes que puedan ser controladas y monitoreadas vía remota, por Io que no se puede obtener de ellos ningún tipo de información digital transmisible vía inalámbrica y nula medición de parámetros alternos indispensables para su correcto funcionamiento.Electromechanical meters are devices without any kind of artificial intelligence, they do not have the ability to interconnect with each other to form large networks that can be controlled and monitored remotely, so that they cannot obtain any type of digital information transmitted wirelessly and null measurement of alternate parameters indispensable for its correct operation.
1. MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B1. SCE-CONDEX B METER
Las condiciones de operación recomendadas para este medidor son: voltaje alimentación de 90-264 VCA y consumo de energía < 3 W.The recommended operating conditions for this meter are: supply voltage 90-264 VAC and power consumption <3 W.
En Ia Fig. 2 se ilustra en bloques el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B. Se describirá cada componente brevemente para mejor comprensión de Ia interacción entre todos ellos y, posteriormente, se describirá cada bloque con más detalle.In Fig. 2 the SCE-CONDEX B METER is illustrated in blocks. Each component will be described briefly for a better understanding of the interaction between all of them and, subsequently, each block will be described in more detail.
En cada bloque, por separado, se muestran sólo los componentes de interés y se redibujan algunos componentes; para una mejor comprensión se conserva en Ia explicación el mismo número que tienen en el diagrama general.In each block, separately, only the components of interest are shown and some components are redrawn; for a better understanding, the same number they have in the general diagram is preserved in the explanation.
El MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) es Ia unidad de procesamiento central de este sistema pues maneja Ia comunicación por medio del bus SPI 1 (Serial Peripheral Interface) (18) con el medidor monofásico programable "MMP" (2), así como de todos los Circuitos Integrados periféricos asociados a él.The MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) is the central processing unit of this system because it handles the communication through the SPI 1 bus (Serial Peripheral Interface) (18) with the programmable single-phase meter "MMP" (2), as well as all peripheral Integrated Circuits associated with it.
Por otro bus, SPI 2 (17), se comunica al Circuito Integrado del MODEM PLC (6), y éste, a su vez, a un CIRCUITO DE ACOPLAMIENTO (13); dicho circuito es el encargado de transformar e inyectar, en Ia Fase (12) y el Neutro (11), las señales que se requieren para lograr comunicarse con su concentrador asociado.On another bus, SPI 2 (17), it communicates to the Integrated Circuit of the PLC MODEM (6), and this, in turn, to a COUPLING CIRCUIT (13); said circuit is responsible for transforming and injecting, in Phase (12) and Neutral (11), the signals that are required to communicate with its associated concentrator.
La etapa de medición consta de los sensores de voltaje (5) y de corriente (4) a través del CIRCUITO REDUCTOR (15).The measurement stage consists of the voltage (5) and current (4) sensors through the REDUCING CIRCUIT (15).
El relevador polarizado biestable RBP (3) es controlado por medio de 2 salidas digitales del MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) a través del MÓDULO DE POTENCIA (14).The bistable polarized relay RBP (3) is controlled by means of 2 digital outputs of the MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) through the POWER MODULE (14).
El circuito detector de diablitos (8) es continuamente sensado a través de 2 salidas analógicas del MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1).The diablite detector circuit (8) is continuously sensed through 2 analog outputs of the μC MICROCONTROLLER (1).
Los datos y las mediciones obtenidos de los sistemas periféricos son visualizados por medio del display LCD (7). Este módulo es controlado por medio de una interfase paralela a δThe data and measurements obtained from the peripheral systems are displayed by means of the LCD display (7). This module is controlled by means of an interface parallel to δ
bits y 3 líneas de control. El display LCD de 8 x 1 despliega, en 6 dígitos, los kilowatthora, el saldo en pesos y otros parámetros de interés por medio de Ia rotación de Ia pantalla.bits and 3 control lines. The 8 x 1 LCD display displays, in 6 digits, the kilowatthora, the balance in pesos and other parameters of interest through the rotation of the screen.
El led de calibración (20) es un diodo emisor de luz infrarroja que se usa para calibrar al sistema, comparándolo contra un patrón de pulsos definidos y de frecuencia conocida.The calibration led (20) is an infrared light emitting diode that is used to calibrate the system, comparing it against a pattern of defined pulses and of known frequency.
El sensor de apertura (19) es un CI de tecnología de efecto hall, éste trabaja asociado a un imán colocado sobre Ia tapa del MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, con Io cual se detecta algún posible intento de apertura del mismo.The opening sensor (19) is a hall effect technology IC, it works associated to a magnet placed on the cover of the SCE-CONDEX B METER, with which any possible attempt to open it is detected.
Existe un CI sensor de temperatura (10) que entrega su información al MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) por medio de un pin digital cada vez que es requerido. El valor térmico se emplea para tener un control de Ia temperatura interna del MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, para compensar pérdidas que se puedan presentar por las propiedades de los componentes.There is a temperature sensor IC (10) that delivers its information to the MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) by means of a digital pin every time it is required. The thermal value is used to control the internal temperature of the SCE-CONDEX B METER, to compensate for losses that may occur due to the properties of the components.
El valor de los kilowatthora consumidos se despliega en Ia pantalla LCD (7), pero también está disponible por medio del módulo de RADIO FRECUENCIA (9) conectado al bus SPI 2 (17) para poder obtener las lecturas con algún medio portátil.The value of the kilowatthora consumed is displayed on the LCD screen (7), but it is also available by means of the FREQUENCY RADIO module (9) connected to the SPI 2 bus (17) in order to obtain the readings with some portable medium.
La información de interés, como los datos de lectura, se almacena en una MEMORIA EEPROM (16) que está comunicada al MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) por medio del BUS SPI 1 (18). Dicha comunicación, memoria-microcontrolador, sólo se lleva a cabo cuando hay eventos de naturaleza no predecible, como un fallo de energía en general.Information of interest, such as reading data, is stored in an EEPROM MEMORY (16) that is communicated to the MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) via the SPI 1 BUS (18). This communication, memory-microcontroller, is only carried out when there are events of an unpredictable nature, such as a power failure in general.
La información de calibración se guarda en memoria OTP que posee MEDIDOR MONOFÁSICO PROGRAMABLE "MMP" (2) para evitar que ésta sea manipulada o alterada.The calibration information is stored in OTP memory that has "MMP" PROGRAMMABLE SINGLE PHASE METER (2) to prevent it from being manipulated or altered.
BLOQUE MICROCONTROLADOR-MEDIDOR MONOFÁSICO PROGRAMABLE- SENSORES DE CORRIENTE Y VOLTAJEMICROCONTROLLER BLOCK - PROGRAMMABLE SINGLE PHASE METER - CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SENSORS
EL BLOQUE MICROCONTROLADOR-MEDIDOR MONOFÁSICO PROGRAMABLE- SENSORES DE CORRIENTE Y VOLTAJE se describe en Ia Fig. 3, partiendo de Ia Fig. 2.THE MICROCONTROLLER-PROGRAMMABLE SINGLE-PHASE METER BLOCK - CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SENSORS is described in Fig. 3, starting from Fig. 2.
EL MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) se comunica con el CI MMP "Medidor Monofásico Programable" (2) a través del BUS SPI (18). EL MMP (2) se programa a través de bus SPI descrito antes y, mediante los SENSORES DE CORRIENTE (4) previo paso por los CIRCUITOS REDUCTORES (15) y del SENSOR VOLTAJE (5), es capaz de integrar Ia potencia activa con respecto al tiempo, que es Ia definición matemática del parámetro kilowatthora.THE MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) communicates with the MMP IC "Programmable Single Phase Meter" (2) via the SPI BUS (18). The MMP (2) is programmed through the SPI bus described above and, by means of the CURRENT SENSORS (4) after passing through the REDUCING CIRCUITS (15) and the VOLTAGE SENSOR (5), it is capable of integrating the active power with respect to at the same time, which is the mathematical definition of the kilowatthora parameter.
El MMP (2) es capaz de medir 5 tipos de parámetro de energía eléctrica y transmitirlos al MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) a través del bus SPI (18).The MMP (2) is able to measure 5 types of electrical energy parameter and transmit them to the MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) through the SPI bus (18).
El MMP (2) está diseñado para mediciones efectivas de Ia energía activa, energía reactiva y Ia energía aparente en un sistema de potencia, usando bobinas Ragowski, sensores shunts o transformadores de corriente, como en este caso. Cada elemento necesita de un circuito reductor diferente.The MMP (2) is designed for effective measurements of active energy, reactive energy and apparent energy in a power system, using Ragowski coils, shunts sensors or current transformers, as in this case. Each element needs a different reducing circuit.
El MMP (2), además, posee otras características deseables. Una de ellas es Ia de monitorear el cruce por cero de Ia onda de voltaje e indicar esta situación en un pin de salida por medio de un pulso digital. También genera un pulso de calibración que enciende/apaga un led infrarrojo.The MMP (2) also has other desirable characteristics. One of them is to monitor the zero crossing of the voltage wave and indicate this situation on an output pin by means of a digital pulse. It also generates a calibration pulse that turns on / off an infrared LED.
El MMP (2) está continuamente monitoreando Ia corriente que circula por el sistema, Io cual permite tener control instantáneo en caso de corrientes elevadas que puedan dañar al sistema. Dicha información está disponible a través del bus SPI (18).The MMP (2) is continuously monitoring the current flowing through the system, which allows instant control in case of high currents that could damage the system. This information is available through the SPI bus (18).
De esta manera, monitoreando el voltaje y Ia corriente en cada ciclo de Ia onda senoidal, el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B está siempre en condiciones de tener mediciones precisas y fiables. Así, si Ia corriente sobrepasa un límite, establecido previamente y almacenado en Ia memoria del MICROCONTROLADOR, éste manda a abrir el dispositivo previsto para estos casos extremos.In this way, by monitoring the voltage and current in each cycle of the sine wave, the SCE-CONDEX B METER is always in a position to have accurate and reliable measurements. Thus, if the current exceeds a limit, previously established and stored in the memory of the MICROCONTROLLER, it sends to open the device provided for these extreme cases.
Estas características son, precisamente, las que se aprovechan para lograr Ia autoprotección del MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B autónomamente. BLOQUE MICROCONTROLADOR -MODEM PLCThese characteristics are precisely those that are used to achieve the self-protection of the SCE-CONDEX B METER autonomously. MICROCONTROLLER BLOCK -MODEM PLC
EL BLOQUE MICROCONTROLADOR-MODEM PLC se describe en Ia Rg. 4 derivada de Ia Rg. 2.THE MICROCONTROLLER-MODEM PLC BLOCK is described in Ia Rg. 4 derived from Ia Rg. 2.
EL MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) se comunica con el CI MODEM PLC (6) a través del bus SPI (17)THE MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) communicates with the CI MODEM PLC (6) via the SPI bus (17)
El MODEM PLC (6) recibe las señales digitales del MICROCONTROLADOR (1) y las procesa e inyecta a las líneas de potencia (11) y (12) por medio del CIRCUITO DE ACOPLAMIENTO (13)The PLC MODEM (6) receives the digital signals from the MICROCONTROLLER (1) and processes them and injects the power lines (11) and (12) through the COUPLING CIRCUIT (13)
El MODEM PLC tiene las siguientes características: • Interface SPI/UARTThe PLC MODEM has the following characteristics: • SPI / UART interface
• Salida activa con filtro sintonizado• Active output with tuned filter
• Driver integrado con salida y entrada accesibles y control de voltaje y corriente programables• Integrated driver with accessible output and input and programmable voltage and current control
• Fuente única de voltaje de 7.5 V a 13.5 V • Muy bajo consumo de potencia Iq = 5 mA• Single voltage source from 7.5 V to 13.5 V • Very low power consumption Iq = 5 mA
• Regulador de voltaje integrado de 5 V 50 mA• Integrated 5 V 50 mA voltage regulator
• Regulador de voltaje integrado de 3.3 V 50 mA• Integrated 3.3 V 50 mA voltage regulator
• Amplificador de salida con nivel estabilizado.• Output amplifier with stabilized level.
• 8 frecuencias de transmisión programables en las bandas A, B y C CENELEC • Baud rate programable de 600 hasta 48 bps• 8 programmable transmission frequencies in bands A, B and C CENELEC • Programmable baud rate from 600 to 48 bps
• Receptor con alta sensibilidad hasta 0.25 m VRMS• Receiver with high sensitivity up to 0.25 m VRMS
• Detección programable del carrier o del preamble• Programmable carrier or preamble detection
• Detección de "banda en uso"• Detection of "band in use"
• Registro de control de seguridad de 48 bits • Header programable y reconocimiento de Ia longitud de Ia cadena• 48-bit security control register • Programmable Header and recognition of the chain length
• Watchdog timer• Watchdog timer
• Cumple con las especificaciones de regulación CENELEC EN50065 y FCC parte 15• Complies with CENELEC EN50065 and FCC part 15 regulation specifications
• Encapsulado compacto .4 x 9.7 x lmm TSSOP28 con pad expuesto. MODEM FSK SEMIDUPLEX• Compact package .4 x 9.7 x lmm TSSOP28 with exposed pad. MODEM FSK SEMIDUPLEX
FSK (Frequency-shift keying) "o modulación por desplazamiento de frecuencia" síncrono/asincrono para aplicaciones de redes de comunicación a través de Ia línea de potencia.FSK (Frequency-shift keying) "or frequency shift modulation" synchronous / asynchronous for communication network applications through the power line.
Opera con una fuente simple de voltaje pues tiene incluidas líneas que pueden manejar reguladores de 5 V y de 3.3 V. Esta operación se realiza configurando un registro interno mediante el SPI (No. 17).It operates with a simple voltage source as it has lines that can handle 5V and 3.3V regulators. This operation is performed by configuring an internal register using the SPI (No. 17).
BLOQUE MICROCONTROLADOR-RELEVADOR BIESTABLE POLARIZADO (RBP)POLARIZED BISTABLE MICROCONTROLLER-RELAY BLOCK (RBP)
El bloque MICROCONTROLADOR-RELEVADOR BIESTABLE POLARIZADO (RBP) se detalla en Ia Fig. 5 que parte de Ia Fig. 2.The POLARIZED BISTABLE MICROCONTROLLER-RELAY block (RBP) is detailed in Fig. 5 which part of Fig. 2.
El RELEVADOR BIESTABLE POLARIZADO (3) es un dispositivo que usa el principio de Ia armadura H, debido a que este sistema tiene una alta resistencia a los impactos y vibraciones.The POLARIZED BISTABLE RELAY (3) is a device that uses the principle of armor H, because this system has a high resistance to impacts and vibrations.
Tiene siempre definida su posición de encendido y apagado, Ia cual no se pierde en caso de falla en Ia potencia. La ventaja del RBP es su manejo por pulsos del orden de los 20 mSeg, con Io cual se evitan daños debidos a calentamiento.It has always defined its on and off position, which is not lost in case of power failure. The advantage of the RBP is its handling by pulses of the order of 20 mSeg, which prevents damage due to heating.
Estos RELEVADORES BIESTABLES POLARIZADOS cumplen los estándares de IEC y DIN EN 61810 parte 1/ VDE0435 parte 201 referente a los requerimientos de sobrecarga y cortocircuito para IEC y DIN EN 61036/61037.These POLARIZED BISTABLE RELAYS comply with the standards of IEC and DIN EN 61810 part 1 / VDE0435 part 201 regarding the overload and short circuit requirements for IEC and DIN EN 61036/61037.
Su control es muy sencillo, como se explica en Fig. 4: se debe dar un pulso de 20 mS a Ia salida del MICROCONTROLADOR (1) que Io apaga y otro pulso de 20 mSeg a Ia salida que Io enciende. Cada una de las 2 salidas digitales tiene Ia misma función y cada salida está conectada a un circuito de disparo idéntico, de tal modo que Io que se explica para una salida aplica para Ia otra.Its control is very simple, as explained in Fig. 4: a pulse of 20 mS must be given to the output of the MICROCONTROLLER (1) that turns it off and another pulse of 20 mSeg to the output that turns it on. Each of the 2 digital outputs has the same function and each output is connected to an identical trip circuit, so that what is explained for one output applies to the other.
La salida digital del MICROCONTROLADOR (1) es de 3.3 V VCD y las bobinas del RPB son de 12VDC, por eso de Ia necesita del llamado CIRCUITO DE DISPARO (14).The digital output of the MICROCONTROLLER (1) is 3.3 V VDC and the RPB coils are 12VDC, so it needs the so-called TRIP CIRCUIT (14).
Este CIRCUITO DE DISPARO (14) hace Ia conversión de los 3.3 V a los 12 V necesarios para Io operación de las bobinas, gracias a 2 transistores Ql y Q2 montados en configuración darlington.This TRIP CIRCUIT (14) makes the conversion of 3.3 V to 12 V necessary for the operation of the coils, thanks to 2 transistors Ql and Q2 mounted in darlington configuration.
El capacitor Cl tiene Ia función de proveer al menos 3 segundos de energía cuando falla Ia fuente de alimentación y dar al sistema el tiempo de apagar el RBP, pues una característica propia del sistema consiste en desconectar el RBP en un fallo de energía. Eso se hace para lograr una reconexión escalonada de los MEDIDORES SCE CONDEX B y minimizar el problema de Ia "carga fría", el cual se presenta cuando, tras una falla Ia energía y al volver Ia energía, se conectan todas lar cargas simultáneamente con las consecuencias de sobrecargas instantáneas, muy altas para los equipos distribuidores, en especial los Transformadores de Potencia.The capacitor Cl has the function of providing at least 3 seconds of power when the power supply fails and giving the system the time to turn off the RBP, since a characteristic of the system consists in disconnecting the RBP in a power failure. This is done to achieve a staggered reconnection of the SCE CONDEX B METERS and minimize the problem of the "cold load", which occurs when, after a failure of the energy and when the energy returns, all the loads are connected simultaneously with the Consequences of instantaneous overloads, very high for the distributor equipment, especially the Power Transformers.
DETECTOR DE DIABLITOSDETAIL DETECTOR
El circuito detector de diablitos se observa en Ia Rg. 6, derivada de Ia Rg. 2. Tiene Ia función de monitorear cuándo Ia FASE (12) ha sido manipulada.The detector circuit of diablitos is observed in Ia Rg. 6, derived from Ia Rg. 2. It has the function of monitoring when the PHASE (12) has been manipulated.
El funcionamiento es el siguiente: se toma Ia línea de voltaje a Ia salida B del RELEVADOR BIESTABLE POLARIZADO (No. 3) y se acopla Ia señal de voltaje a niveles propios para el MICROCONTROLADOR (No. 1) mediante el circuito conformador de señal (No. 14), compuesto de componentes pasivos.The operation is as follows: the voltage line is taken at the output B of the POLARIZED BISTABLE RELAY (No. 3) and the voltage signal is coupled to own levels for the MICROCONTROLLER (No. 1) through the signal shaping circuit ( No. 14), composed of passive components.
Cuando se instala el sistema éste se encuentra por default abierto; es entonces cuando se realiza un chequeo para que no exista voltaje en Ia salida B del RBP (No. 3). En caso de que exista voltaje en esta terminal se tendría un indicador de que existe una derivación, Io cual se convierte en una alerta que se envía a Ia central.When the system is installed, it is open by default; is then when a check is made so that there is no voltage at output B of the RBP (No. 3). If there is voltage in this terminal, there would be an indicator that there is a branch, which becomes an alert that is sent to the control panel.
Si se tiene Ia sospecha de que se ha manipulado el sistema desde Ia central se puede ordenar hacer esta prueba en cualquier momento.If you suspect that the system has been manipulated from the control panel, you can order this test at any time.
MODULO DE RADIO FRECUENCIARADIO FREQUENCY MODULE
El módulo de Radio Frecuencia y su interacción con el sistema se describe en Ia Rg. 7, en relación a Ia Fig. 2.The Radio Frequency module and its interaction with the system is described in Ia Rg. 7, in relation to Fig. 2.
El Microcontrolador (1) se comunica con el módulo de RF (9) a través del bus SPI (17) por medio de comandos previamente establecidos, para ejecutar diferentes acciones o mandar Ia información requerida vía remota por el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B o algún otro sistema compatible con este módulo en frecuencia y protocolos.The Microcontroller (1) communicates with the RF module (9) through the SPI bus (17) by means of previously established commands, to execute different actions or send the required information remotely by the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B or some another system compatible with this module in frequency and protocols.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL MÓDULO RADIO FRECUENCIACHARACTERISTICS OF THE RADIO FREQUENCY MODULE
Como núcleo del módulo de Radio Frecuencia se usa el CI CCIlOO de Texas Instruments.The CCIlOO CI of Texas Instruments is used as the core of the Radio Frequency module.
El CC1100 es un transceiver para frecuencia por debajo de 1 GHz, diseñado para aplicaciones inalámbricas de baja potencia. Está principalmente orientado para el ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) y SRD (Short Range Device) en frecuencias de 315, 433, 868 y 915 MHz, pero puede ser fácilmente programado para operar en otras frecuencias en las bandas de 300-348 MHz, 387-464 MHz y 779-928 MHz.The CC1100 is a transceiver for frequency below 1 GHz, designed for low power wireless applications. It is mainly oriented for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and SRD (Short Range Device) at frequencies of 315, 433, 868 and 915 MHz, but can be easily programmed to operate at other frequencies in the 300-348 MHz bands , 387-464 MHz and 779-928 MHz.
Rendimiento Radio Frecuencia:Radio Frequency Performance:
Alta Sensibilidad (-111 dBm a 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz, 1% packet error rate)High Sensitivity (-111 dBm at 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz, 1% packet error rate)
Bajo consumo de corriente (14.7 mA in RX, 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz) Salida de potencia programable hasta +10 dBm para todas las frecuencias soportadasLow current consumption (14.7 mA in RX, 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz) Programmable power output up to +10 dBm for all supported frequencies
Excelente selectividad en recepción Rango programable de datos desde 1.2 hasta 500 kBaudExcellent reception selectivity Programmable data range from 1.2 to 500 kBaud
Bandas de Frecuencias: 300-348 MHz, 387-464 MHz y 779-928 MHz.Frequency Bands: 300-348 MHz, 387-464 MHz and 779-928 MHz.
El microcontrolador (1) se comunica con el módulo de RF a través del bus SPI, Ia comunicación es sencilla puesto que dentro del módulo de RF existe otro microcontrolador que controla el módulo CC1100 para evitar Ia pérdida de datos.The microcontroller (1) communicates with the RF module through the SPI bus, the communication is simple since within the RF module there is another microcontroller that controls the CC1100 module to avoid data loss.
Con esta topología el módulo RF está preparado para formar redes mesh, dedicadas exclusivamente a Ia comunicación. Esto Ie da al MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B una robustez en Ia comunicación RF necesaria para evitar retransmisiones o pérdida de datos.With this topology the RF module is prepared to form mesh networks, dedicated exclusively to communication. This gives the SCE-CONDEX B METER a robust RF communication necessary to avoid retransmissions or data loss.
DETECTOR DE MOVIMIENTOMOVEMENT DETECTOR
La interacción entre el CI SENSOR DE MOVIMIENTO (42) y el Microcontrolador (1) se aprecia fácilmente en Ia Fig. 8. Que describe a grandes bloques un CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX BThe interaction between the MOTION SENSOR IC (42) and the Microcontroller (1) is easily seen in Fig. 8. Which describes in large blocks an SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR
El microcontrolador (1) se comunica con el CI SENSOR DE MOVIMIENTO (42) a través del SPI (41).The microcontroller (1) communicates with the MOTION SENSOR IC (42) through the SPI (41).
El CI SENSOR DE MOVIMIENTO (42) posee salidas del tipo digital, es decir una palabra digital directamente proporcional al movimiento detectado.The MOTION SENSOR IC (42) has outputs of the digital type, that is to say a digital word directly proportional to the detected movement.
Si existe movimiento con el medidor en pleno funcionamiento, pasando un cierto límite preestablecido, el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B desconectará Ia salida para proteger al usuario, pues se considera una situación anómala (pudiera ser un temblor, una posible manipulación del propio medidor o un posible impacto sobre Ia carcasa del medidor). Aunque cada terremoto tiene una magnitud única, su efecto variará grandemente según Ia distancia, Ia condición del terreno, los estándares de construcción y otros factores. Los sismólogos usan diferentes valores de Ia escala de Intensidad Mercalli para describir los distintos efectos de un terremoto. Debido a Ia intensidad relativa para medir un sismo éste parámetro es configurable.If there is movement with the meter in full operation, passing a certain preset limit, the SCE-CONDEX B METER will disconnect the output to protect the user, as it is considered an abnormal situation (it could be a tremor, a possible manipulation of the meter itself or a possible impact on the meter housing). Although each earthquake has a unique magnitude, its effect will vary greatly depending on the distance, the condition of the land, the construction standards and other factors. Seismologists use different values of the Mercalli Intensity scale to describe the different effects of an earthquake. Due to the relative intensity to measure an earthquake this parameter is configurable.
CUALIDADES DEL MEDIDOR SCE CONDEX BQUALITIES OF THE SCE CONDEX B METER
PROTECCIÓN POR CORTOCIRCUITO 0SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION 0
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, protege por corto circuito en el momento en que Ia corriente sea mayor o igual a 100 Amperes. 5 El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, comienza el proceso de desconexión al detectarse en el MMP de Ia Fig. 2 (2) que el sistema está aproximándose al 100% de Ia capacidad del Medidor en Amperes.The SCE-CONDEX B METER protects by short circuit when the current is greater than or equal to 100 Amps. 5 The SCE-CONDEX B METER begins the disconnection process when it is detected in the MMP of Fig. 2 (2) that the system is approaching 100% of the capacity of the Meter in Amps.
Cuando se detecta el cruce por cero de Ia señal de voltaje, Ia señal analógica deQ voltaje entra al MMP Fig. 2 (2) el cual hace el procesamiento de señales digitales de Ia onda senoidal (muestreo) y entrega el cruce por cero al Microcontrolador Fig. 2 (1) para que envíe Ia orden de desconexión al relevador polarizado biestable Fig. 2 (3) a través del circuito de disparo Fig. 2 (14) en un tiempo aproximado de 20 mSeg. 5 PROTECCIÓN POR SOBRECARGAWhen the zero crossing of the voltage signal is detected, the analog Q voltage signal enters the MMP Fig. 2 (2) which makes the digital signal processing of the sine wave (sampling) and delivers the zero crossing to the Microcontroller Fig. 2 (1) to send the disconnection order to the bistable polarized relay Fig. 2 (3) through the firing circuit Fig. 2 (14) in an approximate time of 20 mSeg. 5 OVERLOAD PROTECTION
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B permanentemente está midiendo Ia corriente; en el momento que exista una sobrecarga del 70% de Ia capacidad del medidor y que se mantenga por 3 segundos, comenzará el proceso de desconexión. 0The SCE-CONDEX B METER is permanently measuring the current; at the moment that there is an overload of 70% of the capacity of the meter and that it is maintained for 3 seconds, the disconnection process will begin. 0
El proceso de desconexión es el mismo que para Ia protección por cortocircuito.The disconnection process is the same as for the short circuit protection.
El MEDIDOR SCE- CONDEX B realiza Ia apertura del circuito, esto es con Ia idea de proteger a los usuarios que coexisten en Ia misma fase y que son afectados por este tipo de eventos. Protege al usuario al evitar posibles incendios por cortocircuito y también protege los equipos del usuario.The SCE-CONDEX B METER performs the opening of the circuit, this is with the idea to protect users who coexist in the same phase and who are affected by this type of event. Protects the user by avoiding possible short-circuit fires and also protects the user's equipment.
Este evento se envía a Ia central de monitoreo por medio del CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX BThis event is sent to the monitoring center through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR
Nota: El porcentaje del 70% es ajustable por el suministrador de Ia energía0 eléctrica.Note: The percentage of 70% is adjustable by the electric power supplier.
PROTECCIÓN POR BAJO VOLTAJELOW VOLTAGE PROTECTION
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B proporciona a los aparatos electrodomésticos esta5 protección cuando existe una anomalía por parte de Ia compañía suministradora de energía eléctrica o cuando algún usuario del mismo sistema eléctrico esté provocando disturbios que pueden dañar equipos y provocar siniestros.The SCE-CONDEX B GAUGE provides this 5 Protection appliances when there is an abnormality Ia by energy utilities company or when a user of the electrical system is causing disturbances that can damage equipment and cause accidents.
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B comienza el proceso de desconexión cuando elQ voltaje medido en el sensor de voltaje Rg. 2 (5) es menor o igual a 100 V rms de modo permanente al cruce por cero de Ia señal de voltaje; Ia señal analógica de voltaje entra al MMP Fig. 2 (2) el cual hace el procesamiento de señales digitales de Ia onda senoidal (muestreo) y entrega el cruce por cero al Microcontrolador Rg.The SCE-CONDEX B METER begins the disconnection process when the Q voltage measured on the Rg voltage sensor. 2 (5) is less than or equal to 100 V rms permanently at zero crossing of the voltage signal; The analog voltage signal enters the MMP Fig. 2 (2) which makes the digital signal processing of the sine wave (sampling) and delivers the zero crossing to the Rg Microcontroller.
2 (1) para que envíe Ia orden de desconexión al relevador polarizado biestable Fig.g 2 (3) a través del circuito de disparo Rg. 2 (14) en un tiempo aproximado de 20 mSeg.2 (1) to send the disconnection command to the bistable polarized relay Fig. G 2 (3) through the trigger circuit Rg. 2 (14) in an approximate time of 20 mSeg.
Este evento se envía a Ia central de monitoreo por medio del CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B 0 DETECCIÓN DE MANIPULACIÓN DE LA ACOMETIDA 1This event is sent to the central monitoring station through the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B 0 DETECTION OF HANDLING OF THE RUSH 1
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B mide tanto Ia corriente que pasa por Ia línea como Ia corriente que regresa por neutro en el MMP Rg. 2 (2) mediante el siguiente Algoritmo: EnergíaCHl - EnergíaCH2 > KCRIT (EnergíaCHl + EnergíaCH2)/2;The SCE-CONDEX B METER measures both the current that passes through the line and the current that returns by neutral in the MMP Rg. 2 (2) by the following Algorithm: EnergyCHl - EnergyCH2> KCRIT (EnergyCHl + EnergyCH2) / 2;
Dónde KCRIT puede ser 12.5% o 6.25%.Where KCRIT can be 12.5% or 6.25%.
Si el usuario realiza conexiones directamente del suministro eléctrico, es decir, puentea Ia alimentación, el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B detecta esta situación.If the user makes connections directly from the power supply, that is, bypasses the power supply, the SCE-CONDEX B METER detects this situation.
Al detectar una diferencia de 12.5% entre Ia cantidad de energía de línea y Ia0 energía de neutro, el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B manda una alarma a Ia central de monitoreo para informar del ilícito.Upon detecting a difference of 12.5% between the amount of line energy and the neutral energy, the SCE-CONDEX B METER sends an alarm to the central monitoring station to report the illicit.
Este evento se envía a Ia central de monitoreo por medio del CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B.This event is sent to the monitoring center through the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR.
DETECCIÓN DE MANIPULACIÓN DE LA ACOMETIDA 2 (Tampering)HANDLING DETECTION OF ACCOMMODATION 2 (Tampering)
Existe un sensor de efecto Hall Fig. 2 (19) asociado a un imán muy pequeño colocado en Ia carcasa del medidor. 0There is a Hall effect sensor Fig. 2 (19) associated with a very small magnet placed in the meter housing. 0
Si por alguna razón Ia carcasa del medidor llegara a ser retirada en pleno funcionamiento, el sensor causará una señal que el microcontrolador Fig. 2 (1) registrará inmediatamente. j- Este evento se detectará y se generará una alarma por posible manipulación.If for any reason the meter housing becomes fully operational, the sensor will cause a signal that the microcontroller Fig. 2 (1) will register immediately. j - This event will be detected and an alarm will be generated for possible manipulation.
Este evento se envía a Ia central de monitoreo por medio del CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B Q 2. CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX BThis event is sent to the monitoring center through the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B Q 2. CONCENTRATORS SCE-CONDEX B
Los CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B son los sistemas encargados de Ia comunicación entre los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B y LA BASE SCE-CONDEX B. Voltaje alimentación: de 90-264 VCA Potencia consumida > 6 WThe SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS are the systems in charge of the communication between the SCE-CONDEX B METERS and the SCE-CONDEX B BASE. Supply voltage: 90-264 VAC Power consumption> 6 W
El CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B esta integrado por:The SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR is composed of:
• 3 Medidores de energía de hasta • Número de serie por hardware• 3 Energy meters up to • Serial number per hardware
40KW • Sensor de Temperatura40KW • Temperature Sensor
• 3 Amperímetro de 4 hasta 400 • Sensor apertura Amperes • Acelerómetro• 3 Ammeter from 4 to 400 • Amperes opening sensor • Accelerometer
• Sensor de voltaje • Reloj de tiempo real• Voltage sensor • Real time clock
• MODEM PLC • Memoria no volátil tipo SD CARD• PLC MODEM • SD CARD non-volatile memory
• Módulo LCD • Memoria no volátil tipo EEPROM Flash• LCD module • Non-volatile memory EEPROM Flash
• Modulo Ethernet • Arquitectura abierta para aceptar • Modulo de comunicación Radio módulos• Ethernet module • Open architecture to accept • Communication module Radio modules
Frecuencia futuros de comunicaciones.Future frequency of communications.
• Modulo Celular GPRS• GPRS Cellular Module
• Batería de respaldo• Backup battery
• Cargador de baterías• Battery charger
En Ia Fig. 8 se muestran los elementos de un CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B.In Fig. 8 the elements of a SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR are shown.
Para propósitos de claridad se dibujan bloques y se explica el funcionamiento y Ia interacción entre los elementos. Más adelante se explica cada bloque que requiera detalle.For clarity purposes, blocks are drawn and the operation and interaction between the elements is explained. Each block that requires detail is explained below.
El MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) es Ia unidad de procesamiento central de este sistema, pues maneja Ia comunicación entre los 3 CI MMP "medidor monofásico programable" (2, 7 y 12) uno para cada fase.The MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) is the central processing unit of this system, since it manages the communication between the 3 MMP ICs "programmable single phase meter" (2, 7 and 12) one for each phase.
Los datos de los sensores de corriente (4, 5, 9, 10, 14 y 15) se adecúan a los niveles de los MMP por medio de los CIRCUITOS REDUCTORES (3, 8 y 13) para que, a su vez, sean transferidos al MICROCONTROLADOR μC (1) a través del bus SPI (40), como se hace en el MEDIDOR SCE CONDEX BThe data of the current sensors (4, 5, 9, 10, 14 and 15) are adapted to the MMP levels through the REDUCING CIRCUITS (3, 8 and 13) so that, in turn, they are transferred to the MICROCONTROLLER μC (1) through the bus SPI (40), as done in the SCE CONDEX B METER
La única diferencia radica en que aquí se manejan 3 MMP y Ia corriente aumenta hasta 40OA; también se manejan 3 sensores de voltaje (21).The only difference is that 3 MMP is handled here and the current increases to 40OA; 3 voltage sensors (21) are also handled.
De esta manera el sistema está preparado para medir sobre 3 fases. En ese mismo bus SPI (40) se encuentra conectado el módulo de Radio Frecuencia (35), para obtener las lecturas, parámetros y alarmas de los MEDIDORES SCE- CONDEX B asociados a cada concentrador, así como enviarles comandos cada vez que sea requerido.In this way the system is prepared to measure over 3 phases. In that same SPI bus (40) the Radio Frequency module (35) is connected, to obtain the readings, parameters and alarms of the SCE-CONDEX B METERS associated to each concentrator, as well as to send them commands whenever it is required.
Se cuenta con un módulo de Radio Frecuencia idéntico al de los MEDIDORES SCE CONDEX B, logrando así una gran cobertura de RF.There is a Radio Frequency module identical to that of the SCE CONDEX B METERS, thus achieving high RF coverage.
Por medio del circuito sensor de voltaje (21) se mantiene control para proteger a los usuarios de bajas de voltaje peligrosas para los equipos electrodomésticos.Through the voltage sensor circuit (21) control is maintained to protect users from dangerous voltage drops for home appliances.
Por otro bus SPI (41) se comunica al CI del MODEM PLC (17) y éste, a su vez, a un FILTRO (No. 18). Hasta aquí todo es análogo al MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, sólo que ahora se ha insertado un SELECTOR DE FASE (19) para permitir con un sólo MODEM PLC y su FILTRO Ia comunicación con las 3 fases en caso de ser necesario.Another SPI bus (41) communicates to the IC of the PLC MODEM (17) and this, in turn, to a FILTER (No. 18). So far everything is analogous to the SCE-CONDEX B METER, only now a PHASE SELECTOR (19) has been inserted to allow communication with the 3 phases with only one PLC MODEM and if necessary.
Conectada al mismo bus SPI (41), el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B cuenta con MEMORIA NO VOLÁTIL de 2 tipos: SD CARD (24) y EEPROM Flash (25) para almacenar parámetros de configuración e información de importancia para el mismo.Connected to the same SPI bus (41), the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR has 2-type NON-VOLATILE MEMORY: SD CARD (24) and Flash EEPROM (25) to store configuration parameters and information of importance to it.
La memoria SD CARD (24) es útil cuando se requiere llevar bitácoras detalladas, pues proporciona Ia capacidad de memoria de hasta 1 Gigabyte externa.SD CARD memory (24) is useful when it is necessary to carry detailed logs, as it provides the memory capacity of up to 1 Gigabyte external.
Existe un RTC, "Real Time Clock" o Reloj de Tiempo Real, (26) para poder llevar una bitácora detallada con día y hora de los eventos registrados, controlado por el mismo BUS SPI (41). Tiene implementado un NÚMERO DE SERIE (27) para identificación única por parte del sistema, conectado al mismo BUS SPI (41). Como mecanismo de protección cuenta con un sensor de temperatura (34) y un SENSOR DE APERTURA (29) para supervisar remotamente Ia apertura no autorizada.There is an RTC, "Real Time Clock" or Real Time Clock, (26) to be able to keep a detailed log with day and time of the recorded events, controlled by the same SPI BUS (41). It has implemented a SERIAL NUMBER (27) for unique identification by the system, connected to the same SPI BUS (41). As a protection mechanism, it has a temperature sensor (34) and an OPENING SENSOR (29) to remotely monitor the unauthorized opening.
MÓDULO CELULARCELL MODULE
El MICROCONTROLADOR (1) se comunica al GPRS (28) por medio de una UART, acrónimo de Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter o Transmisor-Receptor Universal Asincrono.The MICROCONTROLLER (1) is communicated to the GPRS (28) by means of a UART, acronym for Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter or Asynchronous Universal Transmitter-Receiver.
La UART es Ia parte del microcontrolador usada para obtener comunicación RS232 que es precisamente Ia interfase del GPRS.The UART is the part of the microcontroller used to obtain RS232 communication that is precisely the interface of the GPRS.
Por medio de esta interfase el sistema manda hasta Ia unidad remota de control o BASE SCE-CONDEX B toda Ia información de los sistemas remotos.Through this interface the system sends all the information of the remote systems to the remote control unit or BASE SCE-CONDEX B.
Para los casos donde no haya cobertura celular se Ie puede implementar al CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B un MÓDULO DE ETHERNET (31) para poder acceder a Ia información por medio de Internet o enviar comandos a los sistemas que posean este módulo.For cases where there is no cellular coverage, an ETHERNET MODULE (31) can be implemented to the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR to be able to access the information via the Internet or send commands to the systems that have this module.
Para dar indicaciones visuales del estado del sistema se cuenta con un led (32) y una pantalla LCD (33) de 2 líneas x 16 caracteresTo give visual indications of the status of the system, there is a LED (32) and an LCD display (33) of 2 lines x 16 characters
La batería de respaldo (22) y su respectivo cargador (23). Mantienen al sistema energizado ante una falla de energíaThe backup battery (22) and its respective charger (23). They keep the system energized in the event of a power failure
La fuente de voltaje (20) mantiene al sistema energizado.The voltage source (20) keeps the system energized.
BLOQUE SELECTOR FASE-CIRCUITO FILTRADO-MODEM PLCSELECTOR BLOCK PHASE-CIRCUIT FILTERED-MODEM PLC
El circuito selector de fase Rg. 9 permite comunicarse a cualquiera de las 3 fases con un solo MODEM PLC (2).The phase selector circuit Rg. 9 allows to communicate to any of the 3 phases with a single PLC MODEM (2).
Funciona simplemente con un selector analógico (3) controlado por 3 líneas del microprocesador (1) para elegir Ia fase a Ia que se quiere comunicar.It works simply with an analog selector (3) controlled by 3 microprocessor lines (1) to choose the phase to which you want to communicate.
Así, Ia FASE seleccionada será Ia que entre al circuito de FILTRADO (4) para TX y RX y, por consecuencia, con Ia red de MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B asociados a esa fase.Thus, the selected PHASE will be the one that enters the FILTERING circuit (4) for TX and RX and, consequently, with the network of SCE-CONDEX B METERS associated to that phase.
CRUCE POR CEROZERO CROSS
En Ia Fig. 10 se muestra el circuito para sincronizar las 3 fases cuando se requiera iniciar Ia comunicación con cualquiera de ellas.In Fig. 10 the circuit is shown to synchronize the 3 phases when it is required to initiate communication with any of them.
Son 3 circuitos idénticos (2, 3 y 4): cuando Ia onda senoidal pasa a través de RlA y RlB durante el semiciclo positivo produce una salida que excita al fotodiodo del OPTOl el cual, a su vez, satura el transistor del OPTOl y produce una salida cercana al nivel de VDD.They are 3 identical circuits (2, 3 and 4): when the sine wave passes through RlA and RlB during the positive half cycle, it produces an output that excites the OPTO photodiode which, in turn, saturates the OPTOl transistor and produces an output close to the VDD level.
Durante el semiciclo negativo el diodo Dl actúa para conducir esta corriente y no dejar actuar al fotodiodo del OPTOl, bajando el voltaje a niveles cercanos a O V. De esta manera se obtiene un tren de pulsos iniciando en el cruce por cero de Ia onda senoidal del voltaje.During the negative half-cycle the diode Dl acts to conduct this current and not let the OPTOl photodiode act, lowering the voltage to levels close to O V. In this way a train of pulses is obtained starting at the zero crossing of the sine wave. of the voltage
Cada CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B es capaz de monitorear y controlar un máximo de 255 MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B y es capaz de transmitir los datos de sus MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B asociados a Ia CENTRAL SCE-CONDEX B autorizada y/o enlazarse con otro CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B para enviar los datos a este mismo y éste, a su vez, procede a enviarlos a Ia CENTRAL SCE- CONDEX B autorizada.Each SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR is capable of monitoring and controlling a maximum of 255 SCE-CONDEX B METERS and is capable of transmitting the data of its SCE-CONDEX B METERS associated to the authorized SCE-CONDEX B CENTER and / or linking with another CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B to send the data to it and the latter, in turn, proceeds to send them to the authorized SCE-CONDEX B CENTRAL.
El CONCENTRADOR SCE CONDEX B se colocaría como Io indica Ia Fig. 11. El sistema cuenta con 2 medidores de corriente por cada fase, uno de 7OA (2) y otro de 400A (3) para detectar conexiones ilícitas mediante un complejo algoritmo.The SCE CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR would be placed as indicated in Fig. 11. The system has 2 current meters for each phase, one of 7OA (2) and another of 400A (3) to detect illegal connections through a complex algorithm.
Con estos módulos se puede medir Ia calidad de Ia energía (THD) que entrega el TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA (6) asociado a cada CONCENTRADOR SCE- CONDEX B (1).With these modules, the quality of the energy (THD) delivered by the POWER TRANSFORMER (6) associated with each SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1) can be measured.
Con estos datos se detectan posibles fallas del TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA antes de que sean críticas y se vuelvan fallas mayores que destruyan al propio TRANSFORMADOR.With this data, possible failures of the POWER TRANSFORMER are detected before they are critical and become major failures that destroy the TRANSFORMER itself.
Al estar monitoreando el TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA asociado (6), cada CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B (1) se protege a sí mismo de sobrecargas instantáneas, debido a que cuando se presenta una falla de energía el restablecimiento se hace de tal manera que se comienza a conectar los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B asociados de forma escalonada, minimizando así los efectos de Ia llamada "carga fría".By monitoring the associated POWER TRANSFORMER (6), each SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1) protects itself from instantaneous overloads, because when a power failure occurs the reset is done in such a way that it begins to connect the associated SCE-CONDEX B METERS in a staggered manner, thus minimizing the effects of the so-called "cold load".
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA IDENTIFICAR ACOMETIDAS MANIPULADAS POR LOS USUARIOSPROCEDURE TO IDENTIFY ACCOMMODATIONS MANIPULATED BY USERS
El procedimiento consiste de 3 pasos y se ilustra en Ia Fig. 12.The procedure consists of 3 steps and is illustrated in Fig. 12.
Para el procedimiento de detección de acometidas manipuladas se requiere que todo el sistema eléctrico de potencia, desde el transformador hasta los usuarios, tenga un equipo del SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B:For the manipulated rush detection procedure it is required that the entire electrical power system, from the transformer to the users, has a SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM equipment:
Paso 1: Solicitar Ia potencia instantánea de cada acometida. Paso 2: Comparar Ia potencia medida por cada acometida con el medidor instalado en el concentrador.Step 1: Request the instantaneous power of each rush. Step 2: Compare the power measured by each connection with the meter installed in the concentrator.
En caso de que Ia diferencia sea mayor a 480 Watts se continúa con el Paso 3, de Io contrario termina el procedimiento. Paso 3: El concentrador solicita el voltaje en cada acometida. El que tenga menor voltaje representa motivo de revisión física de Ia instalación, pues es muy probable que ésta esté manipulada.If the difference is greater than 480 Watts, proceed to Step 3, otherwise the procedure ends. Step 3: The concentrator requests the voltage at each connection. The one with the lowest voltage represents a reason for physical revision of the installation, since it is very likely that it is manipulated.
Ejemplo para los 4 medidores conectados, como se muestra en Ia Fig. 12, a las 4 casas:Example for the 4 connected meters, as shown in Fig. 12, to the 4 houses:
Primero cada medidor puede ser "abierto" remotamente por el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B (1). Éste puede medir el voltaje en los puntos (2/3) y el flujo de corriente en Ia FASE (2).First each meter can be "opened" remotely by the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1). This can measure the voltage at points (2/3) and the current flow in the PHASE (2).
Cada MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B (8, 14, 20 y 26) puede comunicarse con el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B (1) por medio del Módulo de Radio frecuencia propio, así los voltajes de los puntos (5/6), (11/12), (17/18) y (23/24) pueden ser leídos y transmitidos al CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B.Each SCE-CONDEX B METER (8, 14, 20 and 26) can communicate with the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR (1) through its own Radio Frequency Module, thus the voltages of the points (5/6), (11 / 12), (17/18) and (23/24) can be read and transmitted to the CONCENTRATOR SCE-CONDEX B.
Si Ia corriente medida por el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B es mayor que Ia suma de las lecturas enviadas por los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B, hay una conexión ilícita o una derivación.If the current measured by the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR is greater than the sum of the readings sent by the SCE-CONDEX B METERS, there is an illegal connection or bypass.
Para este ejemplo los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B están conectados a Ia línea de potencia con 5m de acometida calibre 8.For this example the SCE-CONDEX B METERS are connected to the power line with 5m of 8 gauge connection.
Si, por ejemplo, Ia diferencia fuera de 4 Amperes:If, for example, the difference out of 4 Amps:
Al poner a todos los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B desconectados solo 4A fluyen por Ia línea de potencia.By putting all SCE-CONDEX B METERS disconnected, only 4A flow through the power line.
La casa que está "robando" Ia electricidad causa una caída de voltaje de 880 milivolts desde el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B al MEDIDOR SCE- CONDEX B, esta diferencia puede ser detectada por el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B. Si por ejemplo fuera Ia casa (21) Ia que se estuviera "robando" Ia electricidad, el voltaje en los MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B (8), (14) y (26) sería el mismo prácticamente que en el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B, puntos (2) y (5), pero el de Ia casa (21), puntos (17) y (18), mediría 880 milivolts menos.The house that is "stealing" the electricity causes a voltage drop of 880 millivolts from the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR to the SCE-CONDEX B METER, this difference can be detected by the SCE-CONDEX B METER. If, for example, the house (21) was the one that was "stealing" the electricity, the voltage in the SCE-CONDEX B METERS (8), (14) and (26) would be the same practically as in the SCE-CONDEX CONCENTRATOR B, points (2) and (5), but that of the house (21), points (17) and (18), would measure 880 millivolts less.
Otra técnica de detección de robo implementada en el SISTEMA SCE- CONDEX B es:Another theft detection technique implemented in the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM is:
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B puede leer el voltaje a Ia entrada del mismo y Io puede medir a Ia salida de modo que, si el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B está desconectado y, al mismo tiempo, dando lectura por el lado de Ia salida hacia Ia casa, tendremos un ilícito en Ia Fase.The SCE-CONDEX B METER can read the voltage at the input thereof and Io can measure the output so that, if the SCE-CONDEX B METER is disconnected and, at the same time, reading on the side of the output to The house, we will have an illicit in the Phase.
Como una manera de agregar aún más certeza a las mediciones para detección de ilícitos existen transformadores de corrientes en ambas líneas, Fase y Neutro, para medir ambas y cuando exista una diferencia significativa de alrededor del 10%, generar un aviso de esta anomalía para una supervisión del consumidor.As a way to add even more certainty to the measurements for illicit detection there are current transformers in both lines, Phase and Neutral, to measure both and when there is a significant difference of about 10%, generate a warning of this anomaly for a consumer supervision
TRANSDUCTOR REMOTO DE CORRIENTEREMOTE CURRENT TRANSDUCER
Un dispositivo, producto de Ia nueva generación de electrónica de muy baja potencia (nanotecnología) y que brinda una extrema versatilidad de conexión al CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B, es el llamado TRANSDUCTOR REMOTO DE CORRIENTE.A device, product of the new generation of very low power electronics (nanotechnology) and that provides extreme versatility of connection to the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR, is called the REMOTE CURRENT TRANSDUCER.
La medición en el conductor de potencia de forma remota abre grandes posibilidades de lograr un monitoreo de calidad y eficiente sin el uso de los estorbosos cables usados hoy en día.The measurement in the power conductor remotely opens up great possibilities of achieving quality and efficient monitoring without the use of the clogged cables used today.
La Fig. 13 describe a bloques el TRANSDUCTOR REMOTO DE CORRIENTEFig. 13 describes in blocks the REMOTE CURRENT TRANSDUCER
Usando un Transformador de Corriente (7) de muy alta precisión, enganchado al conductor de potencia (6) y un circuito rectificador (4) para cargar una batería (5) de alta eficiencia se tiene una fuente de energía suficientemente potente para lograr un sistema electrónico autoalimentado.Using a Current Transformer (7) of very high precision, hooked to the Power conductor (6) and a rectifier circuit (4) to charge a high efficiency battery (5) have a sufficiently powerful power source to achieve a self-powered electronic system.
Usando un MICROPROCESADOR CON RF (1) integrado y una memoria (2), se tiene un sistema que es capaz de monitorear Ia corriente del cable al cual se encuentra enganchado y guardar esos datos para su transmisión al CONCENTRADOR SCE- CONDEX B asociado.Using an integrated RF MICROPROCESSOR (1) and a memory (2), there is a system that is able to monitor the current of the cable to which it is attached and save that data for transmission to the associated SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR.
El regulador de voltaje (3) previene daños en el sistema por picos elevados de corriente.The voltage regulator (3) prevents damage to the system by high current peaks.
Con este dispositivo el CONCENTRADOR SCE-CONDEX B asociado no tendrá que estar necesariamente lado a lado del TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA que se está monitoreando, puede estar en el poste siguiente o en otro lugar que se tenga disponible.With this device the associated SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR will not necessarily have to be side by side of the POWER TRANSFORMER being monitored, it may be on the next post or in another place that is available.
CENTRAL SCE-CONDEX BCENTRAL SCE-CONDEX B
En La Fig. 14 se describe Ia CENTRAL SCE-CONDEX BIn Fig. 14 the SCE-CONDEX B CENTRAL is described
La BASE (1) transfiere Ia información hacia y desdemos sistemas remotos (4) por medio de telefonía celular GPRS (5) o por medio de un punto IP a través de InternetThe BASE (1) transfers the information to and from remote systems (4) through GPRS cellular telephony (5) or through an IP point through the Internet
La base se comunica con Ia PC (2) a través de comunicación USB (7) o de Ethernet (3) y pone en una base de datos todas las lecturas de los MEDIDORES SCE- CONDEX B remotos por medio del SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B (6).The base communicates with the PC (2) through USB (7) or Ethernet (3) communication and puts in a database all the readings of the remote SCE-CONDEX B METERS through the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE (6).
SOFWARE SCE-CONDEX BSOCEWARE SCE-CONDEX B
El SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B está diseñado para tener comunicación con todos los CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B que se den de alta en su BASE DE DATOS.The SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE is designed to communicate with everyone the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS who register in their DATABASE.
La información llega encriptada desde los concentradores y el software de Ia base Io desencripta, esto es para que no se puedan obtener valores ni lecturas por algunos sistemas no autorizadosThe information arrives encrypted from the concentrators and the software of the decrypted base, this is so that no values or readings can be obtained by some unauthorized systems
El SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B muestra en diferentes pantallas todos los eventos generados en los sistemas remotos como son:The SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE shows in different screens all the events generated in the remote systems such as:
1.- En los CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B a) Fallas que se generen en su red asociada b) Fallas que se presenten en su TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA asociado c) Interrupciones de energía d) Conexiones ilegales "diablitos" e) Apertura ilícita del sistema f) Conexión escalonada de las cargas después de una falla de energía g) Dirección en donde se localiza físicamente el TRANSFORMADOR TP asociado.1.- In the SCE-CONDEX CONCENTRATORS B a) Faults that are generated in its associated network b) Faults that occur in its associated POWER TRANSFORMER c) Power interruptions d) Illegal connections "little devils" e) Unlawful opening of the system f) Staggered connection of loads after a power failure g) Address where the associated TP TRANSFORMER is physically located.
2. En los MEDIDORES SCE CONDEX B2. In the SCE CONDEX B METERS
a) Manipulación no autorizada b) Conexión de derivaciones "puentes" c) Apertura del Medidor d) Detección de sobrecorrientes peligrosas e) Detección de cortocircuitos y desconexión por esta causa f) Consumo en KWH g) Consumo actual KW h) Dirección de Ia corriente a) Unauthorized handling b) Connection of "jumper" leads c) Meter opening d) Detection of dangerous overcurrents e) Detection of short circuits and disconnection due to this cause f) Consumption in KWH g) Current consumption KW h) Direction of the current

Claims

REINDIVICACIONES REINDIVICATIONS
1. Sistema de control y administración remota de energía eléctrica, denominado SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, caracterizado por las siguientes capacidades incluidas: dispositivos de comunicación remota que permiten Ia telemetría por medio de las tecnologías de vanguardia (Internet, GPRS, radiofrecuencia o PLC) a seleccionar gracias al concepto de modularización que permite Ia adaptación a tecnologías emergentes como el WIMAX. Capacidad para medir Ia energía eléctrica en ambas direcciones (compañía suministradora-cliente y viceversa).1. System of control and remote administration of electrical energy, called SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, characterized by the following capabilities included: remote communication devices that allow telemetry through cutting-edge technologies (Internet, GPRS, radiofrequency or PLC) to be selected thanks to the concept of modularization that allows adaptation to emerging technologies such as WIMAX. Ability to measure electrical energy in both directions (supplier-client company and vice versa).
Capacidad de autoprotección automática e instantánea contra altas corrientes, cortocircuitos o bajos voltajes.Automatic and instantaneous self-protection capability against high currents, short circuits or low voltages.
Dispositivos electrónicos para desconectar cargas grandes >100A Algoritmos para detección de robo de energía, detección de puentes o derivaciones en acometidas.Electronic devices for disconnecting large loads> 100A Algorithms for detection of energy theft, detection of bridges or connections in connections.
Sistema de conexión-desconexión remota,Remote connection-disconnection system,
Protección al sistema eléctrico de potencia por medio de conexión de carga escalonada, de monitoreo de Ia calidad de Ia energía del transformador de potencial (TP), monitores de bajo y alto voltaje del mismo.Protection of the electrical power system by means of connection of staggered load, monitoring of the quality of the power of the potential transformer (TP), low and high voltage monitors thereof.
Protección integral a todo el sistema eléctrico gracias al dispositivo de detección de sismos.Integral protection of the entire electrical system thanks to the earthquake detection device.
2. SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, de acuerdo con Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado por el uso del subsistema de medición (watthorímetro), denominado: MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B con precisión clase 0,2, totalmente hermético y autocalibrable.2. SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of the measuring subsystem (watthorimeter), called: SCE-CONDEX B METER with class 0.2 precision, fully hermetic and self-calibrating.
Capacidad de medición de 5 tipos de parámetros eléctricos como Ia energía THD (total harmonyc distortion).Measuring capacity of 5 types of electrical parameters such as THD energy (total harmonyc distortion).
Versatilidad en Ia medición por medio de TCs (transformadores de corriente) o de shunts de precisión.Versatility in the measurement by means of CTs (current transformers) or precision shunts.
Medición de Ia energía activa de manera bidireccional Algoritmos especializados para detección de sobre corriente, cortocircuitos y manipulaciones tales como derivaciones o puentes).Measurement of active energy bidirectionally Specialized algorithms for detection of overcurrent, short circuits and manipulations such as shunts or bridges).
El MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B una vez que ha ocurrido una anomalía, comprueba si puede reconectar al usuario, en caso de no poderlo hacer, manda una alerta a Ia central para que el personal de Ia misma proceda a revisar Ia instalación del usuario evitando así pérdidas por incendios originados por cortocircuitos.The SCE-CONDEX B METER once an anomaly has occurred, checks if it can reconnect the user, in case of not being able to do so, it sends an alert to the control panel so that the personnel of the same proceed to review the installation of the user thus avoiding fire losses caused by short circuits.
Posee además capacidad de envío de reportes de anomalías y envío de parámetros de interés mediante tecnología inalámbrica y/o alámbrica, como las mencionadas en Ia reivindicación 1.It also has the ability to send anomaly reports and send parameters of interest through wireless and / or wired technology, such as those mentioned in claim 1.
Con despliegue de información para el usuario ya sea en KWh o PesosWith user information display in either KWh or Pesos
(saldo) y otros parámetros de interés en LCD de alta temperatura.(balance) and other parameters of interest in high temperature LCD.
3. Sistema de control y administración remota de energía eléctrica, denominado SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, de acuerdo con Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado por el uso del subsistema denominado CONCENTRADOR3. Control system and remote administration of electrical energy, called SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of the subsystem called CONCENTRATOR
SCE-CONDEX B con capacidad de hacer uso de las tecnologías de comunicación descritas en Ia reivindicación 1 para Ia recepción y transmisión de Ia información producida por el MEDIDOR SCE-CONDEX B, capacidad de conexión y desconexión remota de dichos medidores y envío de reportes de anomalías interconectando a los medidores con Ia BASE SCE CONDEXSCE-CONDEX B with the capacity to make use of the communication technologies described in claim 1 for the reception and transmission of the information produced by the SCE-CONDEX B METER, remote connection and disconnection capacity of said meters and sending reports of anomalies interconnecting the meters with the BASE SCE CONDEX
B. Capacidad de formar redes inteligentes por medio de varios CONCENTRADORES SCE-CONDEX B, capacidad de detección de diablitos (robo de energía eléctrica).B. Ability to form intelligent networks through several SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS, ability to detect diablites (theft of electrical energy).
Capacidad de ser georeferenciado para Ia inmediata localización de fallas y anomalías.Ability to be georeferenced for the immediate location of faults and anomalies.
Capacidad de controlar cualquier tipo de dispositivo que permita Ia comunicación con los sistema existentes en el CONCENTRADOR SCE- CONDEX B como las luminarias inteligentes, proporcionando una herramienta para el manejo de las luminarias municipales y su control para implementar ahorro de energía.Ability to control any type of device that allows Ia communication with the existing systems in the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR as intelligent luminaires, providing a tool for the management of municipal luminaires and their control to implement energy savings.
Sistema de control y administración remota de energía eléctrica, denominado SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, de acuerdo con Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado por el uso del subsistema denominado TRANSDUCTOR REMOTO DE CORRIENTE SCE-CONDEX B, como se menciona en Ia reivindicación 3, capaz de autoalimentarse mediante el uso un transformador de corriente que se caracteriza por el uso de las líneas de potencia para Ia inducción de corriente y su posterior medición, así como el empleo de un sistema de RF incluido para enviar esta medición al CONCENTRADOR SCE- CONDEX B de forma inalámbrica para monitorear las líneas de transmisión.Remote control and management system for electrical energy, called SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of the subsystem called SCE-CONDEX B REMOTE CURRENT TRANSDUCER, as mentioned in claim 3, capable of self-feed through the use of a current transformer that is characterized by the use of power lines for the induction of current and its subsequent measurement, as well as the use of an included RF system to send this measurement to the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATOR Wireless way to monitor transmission lines.
4. Sistema de control y administración remota de energía eléctrica, denominado SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B, de acuerdo con Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado por el uso del subsistema denominado BASE SCE-CONDEX B, cuyas capacidades son Ia recepción de reportes de anomalías, órdenes de conexión y desconexión remota, control de los CONCENTRADORES SCE- CONDEX B y MEDIDORES SCE-CONDEX B conectados, telemetría de consumo y activación de nuevos clientes mediante el uso del SOFTWARE SCE-CONDEX B, implementado en una interfaz gráfica en un lenguaje de alto nivel con capacidades para accesar bases de datos desde internet y/o enviar lecturas y comandos, consultas en páginas web dedicadas, etc....4. Control system and remote administration of electrical energy, called SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the use of the subsystem called BASE SCE-CONDEX B, whose capabilities are the receipt of anomaly reports, orders for remote connection and disconnection, control of the SCE-CONDEX B CONCENTRATORS and connected SCE-CONDEX B METERS, consumer telemetry and activation of new customers through the use of the SCE-CONDEX B SOFTWARE, implemented in a graphical interface in a high language level with capabilities to access databases from the internet and / or send readings and commands, queries on dedicated websites, etc ...
Esta potente herramienta para el administrador mas el uso de un sistema de computo de acuerdo a las necesidades y capacidades de Ia entidad administradora hacen del mismo un sistema administrador muy versátil y potente gracias al crecimiento continuo del poder de computo que puede ser actualizado constantemente para brindarle todo el potencial tecnológico existente al SISTEMA SCE-CONDEX B. This powerful tool for the administrator plus the use of a computer system according to the needs and capabilities of the managing entity make it a very versatile and powerful administrator system thanks to the continuous growth of the computing power that can be constantly updated to provide all the technological potential existing to the SCE-CONDEX B SYSTEM.
PCT/MX2010/000019 2009-01-13 2010-03-16 System for the remote control and management of electric power WO2010082808A2 (en)

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MX2009000777A MX2009000777A (en) 2009-01-13 2009-01-13 System for remote power control and management with an automatically protected bidirectional electric power meter, detection of power theft and protection against overloads and short-circuits, and a system for connection, disconnection and communicat
MXMX/A/2009/000777 2009-01-13

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