WO2010081161A1 - Method and apparatus for mounting optically coupled instruments in harsh environments - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for mounting optically coupled instruments in harsh environments Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010081161A1 WO2010081161A1 PCT/US2010/020796 US2010020796W WO2010081161A1 WO 2010081161 A1 WO2010081161 A1 WO 2010081161A1 US 2010020796 W US2010020796 W US 2010020796W WO 2010081161 A1 WO2010081161 A1 WO 2010081161A1
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- mounting
- spool
- purge air
- lamp
- instrument
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000041 tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
- G01J3/433—Modulation spectrometry; Derivative spectrometry
- G01J3/4338—Frequency modulated spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0291—Housings; Spectrometer accessories; Spatial arrangement of elements, e.g. folded path arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
Abstract
A convenient, flexible and effective apparatus and method for mounting or supporting a transmitter and a receiver, and maintaining their relative positions fixed, especially for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) applications, to provide higher energy transfer to the receiver The mounting assembly includes five component parts, namely, (1 ) a set of adjustable mounting plates 14A, 14B, (2) a mounting saddle bracket 12, (3) a purge air mounting spool 10, (4) a sighting tube 8 and (5) a flexible spool 8 The mounting assembly provides higher laser energy transfer to a receiver when the duct wall moves from thermal expansion.
Description
Method & Apparatus for Mounting Optically Coupled Instruments in Harsh Environments Cross Reference to Related Applications [0010] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U. S. C. 119(e) of
U.S. Application No. 61/193,945, which was filed on January 12, 2009, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention [0011] The present invention relates in general to instruments for use in industrial settings, and more particularly, to methods and structures for in-situ measurement of certain gaseous-state chemical concentrations in large air ducts and the like.
2, Description ofjhe Background Art [0012] Modern manufacturing and energy production plants are heavily regulated operations, and environmental regulations are becoming increasingly important.
[0013] As a result, gaseous and particulate emissions from such operations are being scrutinized with ever increasing emphasis on real-time measurements, where regulatory compliance requires proof that specified chemicals are emitted in specified concentrations over specified intervals.
[0014] There have been many laboratory-based methods for sampling streams or flows of gases through ducts, for example, but samples at infrequent intervals often do not satisfy modern regulatory schemes, and laboratory technicians are not inclined to stand on a catwalk at midnight for modest pay in order to generate the data needed for newer compliance schemes.
[0015] As a result, modern instruments intended for in-situ measurement of certain gaseous-state chemical concentrations in large air ducts have been developed, including Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TOLAS). [0016] Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) instruments appear to be well suited for the in-situ measurement of certain gaseous-state chemical concentrations in large air ducts, but actually installing a TOLAS instrument for such measurements presents a challenge. Old fashioned wet-chemistry methods (grab-sampling) are no longer acceptable for use in large duct applications,
but thermal cycles can cause continual and relatively large movement in the walls of the ducts, which in turn causes movement (flexing) in the ports where the TDLAS instruments are mounted,
[0017] The flexing and thermal cycles make it more difficult to obtain reliable data from the measurement sensors, and the industrial environments can also be very harsh. There are many settings where TOLAS instruments might be desirable. Applications for TDLAS include combustion Analysis (for Oxygen and CO measurement for process heaters, furnaces, incineration), Process Oxygen Analysis (for Reactor oxygen control), Safety Oxygen Analysis (e.g., for Vent and flare headers. Reducing measurement error and reducing plant trips due to incorrect oxygen measurement), and Trace Moisture in Aggressive Service (e.g., Part per million measurement in a corrosive flow).
[0018] Gases measured with TOLAS Include: HF, HCI, HBr, HI, HCN, CO,
CO2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, CH2CHCI, NO, NO2, NH3, H2S, H2O, O2 ,D2O, HOD
[0019] Industries that utilize TOLAS Systems Include;
Power Specialty
Aluminum Natural Gas Semiconductor Generation Gases
Petrochemical Landfills Oil Refineries Combustion Geothermal
Sewage and
Incinerators Waste treatment
Glass Fertilizer Steel
[0020] Each of these industries would very much like to capitalize on the main advantages of TOLAS, including:
* No interferences from other gases: TOLAS technology provides the most interference free method of any analytical technique;
« No interference from particles: Measurements of gas concentrations are unaffected by the presence of particles, including rain and snow;
« Fast time response: measurements can be made in less than 1 second if desired;
« High sensitivity: Sensitivities down to and beiow 1 ppbv depending on the path length;
* Fiber optic link for remote control: permits the instrument to be located long distances from the measurement point;
* Cost effective: multiplexing of fiber optic cables permit simultaneous measurement at a number of locations with the same instrument;
® Long Paths Lengths: up to 1 kilometer;
» Easy to install and rugged, maintenance-free operation; and
® Can cover a broad range of concentrations.
[0021] Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) instruments have the potential for the in-situ measurement of gaseous-state chemical concentrations in large air ducts, even in harsh environments, but in some (e.g., large duct) applications, thermal cycles can cause continual and relatively large movement in the walls of the ducts. This, in turn, causes movement (flexing) in the ports where the TDLAS instruments are mounted.
[0022] Holding the transmitter (source) and receiver (target) steady/fixed appears to be a critical problem in TDLAS applications because it would allow one to tighten (reduce/narrow) the laser beam diameter, which would allow for higher energy transfer to the receiver. This would enable the entire laser (measurement beam) to be captured by the receiver. Higher energy would lead to greater instrument/measurement accuracy over greater path lengths and over wider range of gas conditions (heavy particu late/ash loadings).
[0023] Where TOLAS instruments are not held steady/fixed, the laser beam diameter needs to be widened to ensure that a portion of the beam always falls on the receiver, even when the transmitter (source) is moving. [0024] There is a need, therefore, for a convenient, flexible and effective apparatus and method for mounting or supporting a transmitter and a receiver, and maintaining their relative positions fixed, especially for TOLAS applications, to provide higher energy transfer to the receiver.
Summary of the Invention [0025] The present invention addresses the foregoing need through provision of a convenient, flexible and effective apparatus and method for mounting or supporting a transmitter and a receiver, and maintaining their relative positions fixed, especially for TDLAS applications, to provide higher energy transfer to the receiver. [0028] In accordance with the present invention, in-situ instruments, such as Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TOLAS) instruments are mounted or affixed for in-situ measurement of chemical concentrations within industrial structures, such as air ducts.
[0027] TDLAS instruments make the measurements outside of the flow stream, and in the exemplary (e.g., large duct) applications, the measurements are made in spite of thermal cycles causing continual and relatively large movement in the walls of the ducts. Duct wall movement causes movement (flexing) in the ports where the TOLAS instruments are mounted, but, in accordance with the present invention, the transmitter (source) and receiver (target) are held or supported in steady or fixed relative positions, thereby allowing one to tighten (reduce/narrow) the laser beam diameter, which allows for higher energy transfer to the receiver. This enables the entire laser (measurement beam) to be captured by the receiver. Higher energy leads to greater measurement accuracy over greater path lengths and over wider range of gas conditions (e.g., heavy particulate/ash loadings). [0028] The instrument mounting assembly of the present invention includes five component parts, namely, (1) a set of adjustable mounting plates, (2) a mounting saddle bracket, (3) a purge air mounting spool, (4) a sighting tube and (5) a flexible spool,
[0029] The instrument mounting assembly works by holding the TOLAS instrument static, while allowing the duct/conduit space (through which the gas to be
measured is passing) to move The Adjustable Mounting Plates allow for "hot" or "cold" installation, and provide course adjustment The Mounting Saddle Bracket mates the flexible spool, instrument, and purge air mounting spool to the adjustable mounhng plates. The Purge Air Mounting Spool mates the instrument to the flexible spool and keeps the sight path clear of particulates. The Sighting Tube (used in positive pressure applications and heavy particulate loading) reduces/mitigates the effects of thermal "lensing" and particulate build-up in the "sight-path," and allows for modifying/shortening instrument path length The Flexible Spool absorbs the duct/conduit thermal flex [0030] The above and slill further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof, particularly when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized to designate like components
Br»ef Description of the Drawings
[0031] The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a number of preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which1
[0032] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement for the major components of applicant's system for mounting optically coupled instruments onto a duct in an industrial environment; more specifically, Fig 1 is an illustrative schematic side view of a TDL instrument installation on a duct or stack; the installation includes first and second Instrument Mounting Assembly (IMA) structures on each side of the duct, in accordance with the present invention
[0033] Fig. 2 is a side exploded view illustrating the major components of an
IΛSA, in accordance with the present invention [0034] Fig. 3 is a perspective exploded view illustrating the components shown in figure 2. in accordance with the present invention
[0035] Fig 4 is a perspective view of an assembled IMA, in accordance with the present invention.
[0036] Fig. 5A is a front elevation of the Mounting Saddle Bracket of Figs 1-3, in accordance with the present invention.
[0037] Fig. 5B is a side elevation of the Mounting Saddle Bracket of Figure
5A, in accordance with the present invention.
[0038] Fig. 5C is a top view of the Mounting Saddle Bracket of Figure 5A showing its position atop the Upper Adjustable Mounting Plate to which it is adjustably attached, in accordance with the present invention.
[0039] Fig. 6A is a side elevation of the Purge Air Mounting Spool of Figs 1-3, in accordance with the present invention.
[0040] Fig. 6B is an end view of the Purge Air Mounting Spool of Fig. 6A, in accordance with the present invention, [0041] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the components and operation of the pneumatic circuit feeding the Purge Air Mounting Spool as well as the Instrument Protection Valve, in accordance with the present invention. [0042] Fig. 8A is a flow chart illustrating the sequence of steps comprising an exemplary installation procedure for installing the IMA and connecting a TDL instrument to a process duct, in accordance with the present invention.
[0043] Fig. 8B is a flow chart continuation of figure 8A, in accordance with the present invention.
[0044] Fig. 8C is a flow chart continuation of figure 8B, in accordance with the present invention.
DetailedJJesGriptJon of the Preferred Embodiments
[0045] With reference to Figs. 1-8C, a method and apparatus for mounting optically coupled instruments in harsh environments includes, in the illustrated embodiment, first and second opposed Instrument Mounting Assemblies 1. [0046] The Instrument Mounting Assembly ("IMA") 1 in accordance with the present invention performs three important functions to ensure that the optical (e.g., TLDAS) instruments can make accurate measurements over an extended service interval, even in harsh industrial environments: first, the IMA provides a structural support which minimizes vibration transmitted to the instrument's sources and sensors; second, the IMA provides a structure and method for purging the optical path near the sensor with air or another inert gas so that process gas (e.g., which may include gaseous or particulate pollutants) cannot accumulate in the optical path and thereby diminish the instrument's sensing effectiveness or accuracy; and third,
the IMA provides an automated mechanism to protect the instrument when or if purgmg air becomes unavailable
[0047] IMA 1 includes five main components, namely, (a) a set of adjustable mounting plates (14A, 14B), (b) a mounting saddle bracket (12) (c) a purge air 5 mounting spool (10), (d) a sighting tube 8 (which defines part of the optica! sensing path) and (e) a flexible spool 8 to provide mechanical isolation [0048] In the exemplary embodiment the optical instrument is a TOLAS instrument The TDL instrument installation assembly consists of first and second instruments or serssng devices (A) installed on coaxiaϋy aligned transverse ports
10 which are welded opposite one another to the sides of a duct or stack 3 When passing process gasses, the duct/stack 3 moves in response to vibrations or in response to variations in ambient or process gas temperature (e g , thermal swings), therefore the ports (4A, 4B) move relative to one another An Instrument Mounting Assembly (IMA) 1 made and installed in accordance with the present invention
I4! keeps the ports (4A, 4B) and the first and second sensor devices (A) relatively fixed along a selected axis (or laser beam path 2) while allowing the ports to move, thereby ensuring essentially constant, thermally insensitive alignment between the sensing devices A [0049] Fig 1 is a schematic diagram showing a typical TDL instrument 0 installation A first IMA 1 is shown attached to a first port 4A (shown in cross- section) which is welded to a side wall or exterior surface of duct/stack 3 Each Instrument or sensor A represents one of a pair of the optical (e g , TDL) instruments and so, in this exemplary illustration, may represent (a) a transmitter configured to illuminate a receiver or (b) a transceiver on one side which illuminates and then
25 senses the reflected energy from a mirror on the other side Each IMA 1 is anchored or attached (at the bottom) to a non-moving and vibration resistant static structure (e g , steel structural members at 100 or 200) In this manner, the axial path of laser beam 2 across duct 3 is unaffected by movements of ports 4A and 4B [0050] The remainder of the description will focus on the construction,
^O components, and installation of a single IMA, although it is understood that the benefits of an IMA are best realized when installed in pairs as shown [0051] Fig 2 shows an exploded side view of the components of an IMA The same components in a perspective exploded vsew are shown in Fig 3 The assembled IMA is shown in Fig 4 Flexible spool 6 absorbs the duct/stack thermal
flex, while allowing the axial alignment of each IMA to remain substantially unaffected. Each IMA 1 preferably includes a Purge Air Mounting Spool 10, a Mounting Saddle Bracket 12, a first substantially planar Adjustable Mounting Plate 14A (having a plurality of elongate alignment slots) which is stacked upon a transversely rotated second substantially planar Adjustable Mounting Plate 14B (having a plurality of elongate alignment slots that, when installed, are substantially transverse to the first Adjustable plate's elongate alignment slots, and a Base Beam 18. Typically, an elongate cyiindrical sighting lube 8 and an instrument protection valve 19 are also fitted. Instrument A is attached via coupling collar 20 and instrument spacer 21.
[0052] A more detailed depiction of Mounting Saddle Bracket 12 is shown in three orthogonal views of Figs 5A-5C. In top view 5C the mounting position relative to upper Adjustable Mounting Plate 14A is shown. Front view 5A shows a semicircular cutout 12C which is dimensioned to receive and support the cylindrical sidewali of Purge Air Mounting Spool 10 (as shown in Fig. 3). Fig 5A also illustrates the placement of a semicircular array of five bolt holes which are spaced around the cutout 12C to align with and register with the bolt holes in the mounting flange 39 of Spool 10. [0053] The top or first adjustable mounting plate 14A is preferably a planar metal plate having a plurality (e.g., four) elongate slots defined along a first line, and the second or lower planar metal adjustable mounting plate 14B has a plurality (e.g., 4) elongate slots defined along a second line that is substantially transverse to the top plate's slot's first line, and in this way, the first and second adjustable mounting plates (14A, 14B) are initially adjustable along two orthogonal axes in a plane to provide an adjustable position for the planar base of the mounting saddle bracket 12, which can be bolted through the alignment plates to be affixed upon base-beam 16 once the alignment procedure has been completed.
[0054] Figs 8A and 6B illustrate details of Purge Air Mounting Spool 10.
Thermal lensing effects are mitigated by the use of axially aligned sighting tube 8 which fits within pipe spool 37. In operation, tube 8 provides a conduit for filtered and regulated purge air along the laser beam line-of-sight axis or center-line 2 to provide a gradual temperature change between the laser source and the hot process gasses flowing within duct/stack 3. Purge air fitting 35 provides a threaded connection for incoming purge air. To blow back accumulated debris that may accumulate in either
the port or the Sighting tube, pneumatic fittings permit periodic blasts of pressurized asr The port blow-back fitting 40 is in fluid communscation with the interior lumen of fiexiDle spool 6 and the sighting tube blow-back fitting 41 is in fluid communication with the interior lumen of sighting tube 8 [0055] Fig 7 shows a pneumatic circuit with an input air source at 25 branching to the valve actuator of instrument protection valve 19 and then via feed 28 supplying purge air through filter 27 and pressure regulator 28 to Purge Air Mounting Spool 10 [0056] AsI of the mount assembly components can be fabricated or made from commercially available materials such as steel or other metals or other tough, resilient materials which will provide the structural support and corrosion resistance needed in a gsven environment
[0057] Figs 8A-8C are illustrative flow charts describing the preferred installation procedure for an IMA 1 , in accordance with the present invention The IMA 1 can be installed on a duct/stack 3 in either a hot/run or cold/ down condition (referred to as the Installation Condition (IC)) To maximize the service life of the flexible spool 6, and to minimize unnecessary strain on the IMA components, flexible spool 6 should be in a relaxed (un-deformed) state a majority of the time This position typically occurs in the hot/run condition and is referred to as the "relaxed- state condition' (RC) Note that before proceeding with an IMA installation, both the IC and RC should be confirmed It is not recommended to install the IMA in the hot/run condition m applications where the duct/stack is operated under positive pressure But if a ' positive pressure" installation cannot be avoided, one should connect the purge and blow-back air supply lines to the Purge Air Mounting Spool 10 and energize them to protect the TOLAS instrument A as soon as the upper and lower assemblies are joined
[0058] In tne process flow chart of Figs 8A-8C, a few acronyms are used (see, e g , Fsg 8A) LAMP refers to the Lower adjustable mounting plate 14B, UAMP refers to the Upper adjustable mounting plate 14A IC refers to Installation Condition, RC refers to Relaxed State Condition and MDPM refers to Maximum Design Port Movement In Fig 8C left and right parallel threads run down the page wth the left thread representing procedures for an "IC equals RC" installation (see Fig 8B) while the right process thread in Fsg 8C illustrates the steps for a "IC not equal to RC" installation The blank boxes denote procedures identical to the adjacent one, in q
this manner, the differences between the procedures is easier to see The flow chart progresses through several seπa! phases from Preparation, Lower Assembly, Upper Assembly, Joining, to Adjustment
[0059] Turning now to Fsg 8A, in the preparation phase the actual Maximum Design Port Movement (MDPM) is measured by cycling the process duct/stack 3 between ambient and operating/hot conditions Ordering an IMA kit (with the components described above) prior to installation requires that an installer take measurements so that the proper components are ordered, and so it is prudent to recheck clearances just pnor to installation Understanding of the assembly steps is enhanced by reference to figures 2-4 The mam differences between an installation for the "IC equals RC state and the "IC not equal to RC" state is in positioning and offsets related to MDPM Another difference is that in one case the base-beam 16 is welded to the support steei (e g , 100) before tne centering adjustment using the visible light beam, while in the other case this centering is performed prior to the base-beam welding operation
[0060] Turning now to a more detailed discussion of the method of the present invention, Figs 8A-8C, taken together, provide a flow chart illustrating the sequence of steps comprising an exemplary installation procedure for installing the IMA and connecting a TDL instrument to a process duct, and the steps fall into five (5) major phases, namely, ' preparation" (shown at tne top of Fig 8A) which is followed by ' lower assembly" (shown at the bottom of Fig 8A), which in turn is followed by "upper assembly" (shown at the top of Fig 8B) and then oy 'joining' (shown at the bottom of top of Fig 8B and top portion of Fig 8C) and the process is concluded by the steps within the portion labeled "adjustment" (shown at the bottom of Fig 8C) [0061] Beginning at the top of Fig 8A, the method starts with calculation of
MDPM (or Maximum Design Port Movement) in 3 dimensional coordinates, to find the range of movement for X, Y and Z axes for a given installation In the next step, the installer re-checks clearances (e g in the X and Y directions) and, if the clearances are appropriate, a LAMP (14B) is bolted or affixed to the base beam 18 Next, the installer orients the LAMP/base beam assembly
[0062] At this point, a decision must be made as to whether, at the time of the installation, the Installation Condition (1 IC") is, in fact, the Relaxeα State condition ("RC") for flexible spool 6 If so then the left thread representing procedures for an "IC equals RC" installation (see Fsg 8B) are followed and the installer then installs
the UAMP 14A over the geometric center of the LAMP 14B but with the UAMP's elongate slots in an ortnogonal oπentation compared to tne elongate slots in the LAMP 14B, installs the remaining fasteners from the kit on the port to tne flexible spool, and then makes a Y axis adjustment for LAMP and UAMP distance [0063] Next, the user makes final leveling adjustments to the base beam &
LAMP assembiy (16 and 14B) clamps the assembly to support steel (e g , 100) attaches the UAMP 14A to the saddle bracket 12 in the proper oπentation, and optionally, attaches a sighting tube to the purge asr mounting spool Next, the purge air mounting spool and the flexible spool are bolted or affixed to the UAMP & saddle bracket assembly, thus finishing the upper assembly phase (as shown in Fsg 8B) In the Josnsng phase, four (4) long bolts B are preferably installed from the underside of the LAMP 14B and are threadably tightened (to hand-tight) Next a second set of nuts and washers on long bolts are adjusted to set a clear distance of approximately 3 25 inches between the UAMP and LAMP mount plates and then tne installer joins the upper assembly to the port (e g , 4A, on the duct) and the upper assembly \s lowered onto the bolts B protruding from the LAMP 14B
[0064] Since we are describing the method for installing when "IC equals RC", the installer (as shown at the bottom of Fig 8B) then installs the UAMP 14A over the geometric center of the LAMP 14B and then installs the remaining fasteners from the kit to attach the port (e g , 4A) to the flexible spool 6, and then makes a final Y axis adjustment for LAMP-UAMP distance Next, the installer connects the purge air supply hoses, and then welds or permanently affixes base beam 16 to the static support structure such as a foundation or support steel (e g , 100) [0065] Next, optionally, the installer installs an instrument protection valve 19 and adapter on the Purge Air Mounting spool 10 and connects the instrument air supply line
[0066] Next, in the adjustment phase as shown in Fig 8C the installer installs the optical sensing device or instrument (e g , the TDLAS "A") and then sets the fine directional adjustments to their respective msd-range settings and energizes the sensing device's "vιs!ble light" radiation mode to emit a visiDle light beam in a selected direction (e g , toward a target, port mirror or isght sensing instrument) In the next step, the installer loosens the threaαed fasteners (e g , 8 nuts) on the UAMP and Lamp to asm or position the visible light beam (e g , in the center of the opposing port or target) and tnen the threaded fasteners (e g , 8 plate nuts) are tightened
[0067] Alternatively, if the πght process thread m Fig 8C (illustrating the steps for "IC not equal to RC" installation) is to be followed, then the Lower Assembly phase differs in that X Y, and Z positions are adjusted using the Maximum Design Port Movement (MDPM) which is measured by cycling the process duct/stack 3 between ambient and operating/hot conditions The installation for the 'IC not equal to RC" state is in positioning and offsets related to MDPM Also, the base-beam 16 is centered prior to the base-beam welding operation [0068] The sequence of steps in the πght thread represents procedural steps for an ' IC not equal to RC" installation (see Fig 8B) has the installer then installs the UAMP 14A over LAMP 14B and witn the UAMP's elongate slots in an orthogonal oπentatson compared to the elongate siots in the LAMP 14B, with the appropriate MDPM offsets Next, the installer installs the remaining fasteners from the kit on the port to the flexible spool, and then makes a Y axis adjustment for LAMP and UAMP distance Next, the user makes final leveling adjustments to the base beam & LAMP assembly (16 and 14B), clamps the assembly to support steel (e g , 100), attaches the UAMP 14A to the saddle bracket 12 in the proper orientation, and optionally, attaches a sighting tube to [he purge air mounting spool [0089] Next, the purge air mounting spool and the flexible spool are bolted or affixed to the UAMP & saddle bracket assembly, thus finishing the upper assembly phase (as shown in Fig 8B) In the Joining phase four (4) long bolts B are preferably installed from the underside of the LAMP 14B and are threadably tightened (to hand-tight) Next, a second set of nuts and washers on long bolts are adjusted to set a ciear distance of approximately 3 25 inches between the UAMP and LAMP mount plates and then the installer joins the upper assembly to the port (e g 4A, on the duct) and the upper assembly is lowered onto the bolts B protruding from the LAMP 14B
[0070] Since we are describing the method for installing when "IC not equal
RC", the installer (as shown at the bottom of Fig 8B) then installs the UAMP 14A over the LAMP 14B with the appropriate MDPM offsets and then installs the remaining fasteners from the kit to attach the port (e g 4A) to the flexible spool 8, and then makes a final Y axis adjustment for LAMP-UAMP distance Next, the installer connects the purge air supply hoses, and then, optionally, the installer installs an instrument protection valve 19 and adapter on the Purge Air Mounting
spool 10 and connects the instrument air supply line Next, in the adjustment phase, as shown in Fig 8C the installer installs the optical sensing device or instrument (e g , the TOLAS "A"), and then sets the fine directional adjustments to their respective mid-range settings and energizes the sensing device's 'visible light" radiation mode to emit a visible light beam in a selected direction (e g , toward a target, port, mirror or light sensing instrument)
[0071] Next the duct/stack 3 is brought up to operating temperature such that
IC-RC (when hot) and in the next step, the installer loosens the threaded fasteners (e g 8 nuts) on the UAMP and Lamp to aim or position ^he visible light beam (e g in the center of the opposing port or target) and then the assembly carrying the base beam 16 is welded to a foundation or to support steel (e g , 100) Finally, the adjustable mounting plates' threaded fasteners (e g 8 plate nuts) are tightened [0072] It WiIi be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the method and apparatus of the present invention provides an easier way to meet the ever- increasing demands of environmental regulations and operational/production efficiency which drive the need to continuously monitor concentrations of gaseous- state chemicals in large ducts/stacks at manufacturing, processing and power generating facilities [0073] As noted above, Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) instruments (A) have been developed to facilitate in-situ, remote, non-invasive, real-time measurement of duct and stack gas chemical concentrations TDL instruments use Absorption Spectroscopy (AS) to provide more accurate data, on a more consistent basis, without exposing technicians or equipment to the harsh environments typically seen in ducts/stacks (e g , 3) All chemical compounds absorb electromagnetic energy on the molecular level Different molecules (compounds) have different electromagnetic energy absorption 'signatures1', each type of chemical molecule absorbs a slightly different type (wavelength) of electromagnetic energy TDL instruments allow sensing of the concentration for a particular chemical compound in a process gas by isolating that chemical's wavelength, and measuring or sensing how much of the wavelength is lost (absorbed) as it passes though the process gas (e g , duct/stack gas)
[0074] The TDL instrument's installation consists of two devices installed on ports (which can be aligned opposite one another, and welded to the sides of the duct/stack 3) These sensing devices (A) are installed in pairs to constitute either a
single-pass configuration (transmitter & receiver), or a double pass configuration (transceiver & mirror) The beam of electromagnetic energy ("laser") is passed through the gaseous media from one ssαe of the duct/stack to the other [0075] The TDL instrument installation method and assembly of the present invention successfully solves the most s'gnificant technical problems often encountered in applications (process conditions) ideally suited for TDL instruments [0076] First, Thermal Expansion of the Duct or Stack
The port(s) to which the TDL instrument devιce(s) are attached must be welded to opposite sides of the duct or stack This makes them mechanically part of tne duct/stack and. therefore, susceptible to the same thermal expansion and contraction (three-dimensional movement) that the duct/stack experiences This makes keeping the devices (transmitter & receiver, or transceiver & mirror) in geometric alignment almost impossible, a problem of particular concern in applications where the duct/stack cycles through temperature changes due to frequent and/or wide operational variability Maintaining proper geometric alignment ensures that the transmitted laser beam always "finds" the receiver (directly, or after being reflected by a mirror), which is essential for the TDL instrument to function at all If the transmitter & receiver (or the transceiver & mirror) are kept in geometric alignment, the focus of the laser beam can be tightened/ narrowed
Tsgbtemng/narrowmg the focus of the laser beam enables more of the beams energy to be captured by the receiver, which increases the instruments measurement accuracy over greater distances and heavier particulate loadings in the duct/stack gas stream The TDL instrument is connected to the duct/stack gas stream by the Purge Air Mounting Spool 10 and the
Flexible Spool 6 which provide the instrument ("A') a clear, in-situ, line-of- sight across the duct/stack 3 The Mounting Saddle Bracket 12, Adjustable Mounting Plates 14A, 14B and Base Beam 16 anchor the TDL instrument (and its line-of-sight) to a static structure (e g 100 or 200) in a manner which mechanically isolates each sensor from the duct/stack 3 The Flexible Spool
6 allows the duct/stack 3 to move due to thermal expansion and contraction while holding the TDL instruments in geometric alignment on axis 2 The Adjustable Mounting Plates 14A, 14B allow for installation of the TDL at any point of the duct/stack thermal movement curve
I 4
[0077] Second, Positive Pressure & Particulates in the Gas Stream
Ducts and stacks are commonly operated under positive pressure It is also common in large ducts/stacks at manufacturing, processing, and power generating facilities to encounter heavy particulate loading or concentrations in the duct/stack process gas streams Over time, a port (e g , like 4A) can fill with accumulated solids (particulates) The solids block the laser beam's geometric Ime-of-sight and render the TDL instrument useless The Port Blow Back Fitting 40 and Sighting Tube Blow Back Fitting 41 on the Purge Air Mounting Spoof 10 provide connection points where bursts of compressed air can be periodically blown into the port (or Sighting Tube) to clear any accumulating solids from the laser beam's line-of-sight The Purge Air Connection 35 on the Purge Air Mounting Spool 10 provides a connection point for a continuous flow of lower pressure air to Keep dust and dirt away from the TDL instrument lens/glass By pressurizing the purge air mounting spool 10 wth cool, filtered air, the apparatus or the present invention provides a continuous lumen which maintains remains unobstructed Detween the transmitter and receiver along the selected optical axis 2 [0078] High Temperature Gas Stream
Ducts and stacks are commonly operated under conditions of high temperature (>500°F) This can create two challenges for the TDL sensing application instrument protection and thermal lensing
The instrument is protected by the instrument Protection Valve 19, working in conjunction with the Purge Air Connection 35 by automatically closing if and when the purge air supply (which keeps the Purge Air Mounting Spool flooded with cool air) fails Thermal lensing effects (ι e , distortion of light caused by sudden changes in temperature between two adjacent surfaces and/or spaces) are mitigated by purge air flow through the
Sighting Tube 8 which proviαes a conduit for the purge air along the laser beam line-of-sight axis 2 to provide a gradual change of temperature between the laser beam source and the hot process gases of the duct/stack 3
[0079] It will be appreciated that the present invention provides a new method and approach to ensuring that an optically coupled instrument or sensor is protected from a harsh industrial environment
[0080] Although the invention has been disclosed in terms of a number of preferred embodiment and numerous variations thereon, it will be understood that numerous additional modifications and variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invenlion as defined in the following claims
Claims
Claims 1 What ss claimed is
1 A mounting assembly adapted to support a transmitter and a receiver mounted outside a duct wail, comprising a) at least a first adjustable mounting plate configured to provide an adjustable support surface, b) a mounting saddle bracket configured to be releasably affixed to said mounting plate, c) a purge air mounting spool adapted to receive pressurized air from a supply, d) a sighting tube in fluid communication with said purge air mounting spool, and e) a fSexibie spool also in fluid communication with said purge air mounting spool, f) wheresn saiα mounting assembly, when installed, maintains the relalive positions of the transmitter and receiver substantially fixed along a selected optical axis
2 The mounting assembly of claim 1 , wherein said transmitter is an energy-beam based measurement instrument, and said mounting assembly provides higher transmitter energy transfer to the receiver when the duct wall moves from thermal expansion
3 The mounting assembly of claim 2, wnerein said transmitter is a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy laser energy based measurement instrument, and wherein said mounting assembly provides higher laser energy transfer to the receiver when the duct wall moves from thermal expansion
4. The mounting assembly of clasm 1 , wherein said first adjustable mounting plate comprises a planar metal plate having a plurality of elongate slots defined along a first iine, and wherein said mounting assembly further comprises a second, planar metal adjustable mounting plate having a plurality of elongate slots defined along a second line that is substantialSy transverse to said first line, whereby said first and second adjustable mounting plates are initially adjustable along two orthogonal axes in a plane to provide an adjustable position for the planar base of said mounting saddle bracket.
5. A method for aligning optical beam sensing instruments, comprising: a) providing at least a lower adjustable mounting plate and an upper adjustable mounting plate, both configured to provide an adjustable support surface, b) providing a mounting saddle bracket configured to be releasably affixed to said upper adjustable mounting plate, c) providing a purge air mounting spool adapted to receive pressurized air from a supply, said purge air mounting spool being carried upon a saddle bracket, d) providing a sighting tube in fluid communication with said purge air mounting spool, and e) providing a flexible spool also in fluid communication with said purge air mounting spool; f) pressurizing said purge air mounting spool with air to provide a continuous lumen which remains unobstructed between the transmitter and receiver along a selected optical beam axis
6. A method and instrument mounting assembly for aligning a first optical instrument on a first port in a stack or duct with a second optica! instrument on a second port in the stack or duct, comprising: a) calculating MDPM (or Maximum Design Port Movement) in 3 dimensional coordinates to fsnd the range of port movement for X, Y and Z axes for a given installation; b) providing a lower adjustable mounting plate ("LAMP" 14B) having a plurality of elongate slots and providing an upper adjustable mounting plate ("UAMP" 14A) also having a plurality of elongate slots; c) providing a base beam configured for permanent attachment to a fixed support and for removable attachment to a LAMP, d) fastening said LAMP to said base beam e) orienting the LAMP/base beam assembiy, f) providing a mounting saddle bracket configured to be releasably affixed to said UAMP, g) providing a purge air mounting spool adapted to receive pressurized air from a supply, said purge air mounting spool being earned upon said saddle bracket, h) providing a sighting tube in fluid communication with said purge air mounting spooi, and ι) providing a flexible spool also sn fluid communication with said purge air mounting spool, j) determining Installation Condition meaning whether, for the installation sn question, the instrument mounting assembly is going to be mounted such that said flexible spool will be in a Relaxed Condition when at operating temperature, where, if so an "IC equals RC" installation >s required, whereas if not an "IC not equal to RC" installation is required
7 For the method of claim 6, if an "IC equais RC" installation is required, the method further comprises k) installing the UAMP 14A over the geometric center of the LAMP 14B but with the UAMP's elongate slots in an orthogonal orientation compared to the elongate slots in the LAMP 14B, I) installing fasteners on the flexible spool to affix the flexible spool to a port in the stack or duct, and m) making final leveling adjustments to the base beam & LAMP assembly (16 and 14B), n) clamping the base beam & LAMP assembly to support steel (e g , 100) and o) attaching the UAMP 14A to the saddle bracket 12 sn the proper orientation, 8 The method of claim 7, further conripπsing p) attaching an optional sighting tube to the purge air mounting spool
9 The method of claim 7, further comprising p) Affixing the purge air mounting spool and the flexible spool to the
UAMP & saddle bracket assembly
10 The method of claim 9, further comprising q) installing upwardly projecting fasteners through LAMP 14B and setting a selected clear distance between the UAMP and LAMP mounting plates, r) joining the upper assembly to the port (e g , 4A on the duct), and s) lowering the upper assembly onto the upwardly projecting fasteners protruding from the LAMP 14B
11 The method of claim 10, further comprising t) installing the UAMP 14A over the geometric center of the LAMP 14B and then installing the remaining fasteners to attach the port (e g , 4A) to the flexible spool, u) connecting purge air supply hoses to said Purge Air Mounting Spool, and then welding or permanently affixing base beam 16 to a static support structure such as a foundation or support stee^ (e g , 100)
12 The method of claim 1 1 , further comprising v) Optionally, installing an instrument protection valve 19 on the Purge Air Mounting spool 10
13 The method of claim 11 , further comprising . v) installing the optical sensing device or instrument (e g , the TOLAS "A'), and then setting the fine directional adjustments to their respective msd-range settings, and w) energizing the sensing device for light radiation mode, to emst a visible light beam in a selected direction (e g , toward a target port, mirror or light sensing instrument) 14 The method of claim 13 further comprising x) Aiming or position the visible light beam (e g , in the center of the opposing port or target)
15 For the method of claim 8, if an "IC not equal to RC" installation is required, the method further comprises k) installing the UAMP 14A over the geometric center of the LAMP 14B with the UAMP's elongate slots in an orthogonal orientation compared to the elongate slots in the LAMP 14B and with appropriate MDPM offsets, and inserting threaded fasteners through said LAMP and said UAMP
16 The method of claim 15, further comprising I) attaching an optional sighting tube to the purge air mounting spool, m) affixing the purge air mounting spool and the flexible spool to the UAMP and the saddle bracket, n) joining the flexible spool to the port (e g , 4A, on the duct) o) lowering the saddle bracket onto the fasteners protruding from the LAMP 14B1 p) connecting purge air supply hoses to said Purge Air Mounting Spool, q) installing the optical sensing device or instrument (e g , the TDLAS 'A"), and then setting the fine directional adjustments to their respective mid-range settings, and r) bringing the duct or stack up to operating temperature, and s) generating a visible light beam from the optical instrument and aiming or positioning the visible light beam (e g , at the center of the opposing port or at a
17 The method of claim 16, further comprising t) welding the base oeam to a foundation or to support steel (e g , ^ QG), and u) tightening the adjustable mounting plates' fasteners
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19394509P | 2009-01-12 | 2009-01-12 | |
| US61/193,945 | 2009-01-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010081161A1 true WO2010081161A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
Family
ID=42316878
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2010/020796 WO2010081161A1 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2010-01-12 | Method and apparatus for mounting optically coupled instruments in harsh environments |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2010081161A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103926200A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 西北核技术研究所 | CARS (coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering) and TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy) collinear temperature measurement device |
| GB2524836A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-07 | Servomex Group Ltd | Attachment and alignment device for optical sources, detectors and analysers, and modular analysis system |
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| US7334543B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2008-02-26 | Geraete-Und Pumpenbau Gmbh Dr. Eugen Schmidt | Coolant pump, especially electric convection-cooled coolant pump with integrated directional control valve, and corresponding method |
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| US4541653A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-09-17 | Raidel John E | Air spring suspension with angular torque beam, U-joint mount therefor, and lateral guides |
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| US7334543B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2008-02-26 | Geraete-Und Pumpenbau Gmbh Dr. Eugen Schmidt | Coolant pump, especially electric convection-cooled coolant pump with integrated directional control valve, and corresponding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB2524836A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-07 | Servomex Group Ltd | Attachment and alignment device for optical sources, detectors and analysers, and modular analysis system |
| US9766124B2 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2017-09-19 | Servomex Group Limited | Attachment and alignment device for optical sources, detectors and analysers, and modular analysis system |
| CN103926200A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 西北核技术研究所 | CARS (coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering) and TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy) collinear temperature measurement device |
| CN103926200B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-03-30 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of temperature measuring equipment of CARS and TDLAS conllinear |
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