Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
  • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
  • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
  • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
  • G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
  • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
  • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
  • A61B6/037—Emission tomography
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
  • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
  • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
  • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
  • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
  • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
  • G01T1/1603—Measuring radiation intensity with a combination of at least two different types of detectors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
  • G01N2223/40—Imaging
  • G01N2223/419—Imaging computed tomograph

Definitions

• the present invention relates to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and more particularly to a combined PET and optical imaging system for the rapid determination of adequate cancerous tissue resection and surgical margins during surgical procedures for the removal of cancerous tissue.
• PET positron emission tomography
• a mobile compact imaging system that combines both PET and optical imaging into a single system which can be located in the operating room (OR) and provides faster feedback to determine if a tumor has been fully resected and if there are adequate surgical margins. While the final confirmation is obtained from the pathology lab, such a device can reduce the total time necessary for the procedure and the number of iterations required to achieve satisfactory resection of a tumor with good margins.
• Figure 1 is a partially phantom perspective view of the imaging system of the present invention.
• Figure 2 is a partially phantom perspective view of the module mounting and co-registration fixture with sample-tray guides of the imaging system of the present invention.
• FDG F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose
• the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tissue Sample Imager of the present invention uses a pair of small PET cameras to image radiotracer uptake in the resected tissue sample.
• the cancerous tissue will typically be identified as a focal area or areas of increased radiotracer accumulation within the sample.
• the PET Tissue Sample Imager of the present invention also allows for obtaining a co- registered optical image of the tissue sample.
• the metabolic PET image demonstrating radiotracer accumulation is fused onto the optical image for display. Evaluating the fused images in two different 90° orientations allows the surgeon to determine if there are adequate margins of normal tissue around the tumor or if further intervention is required.
• This approach also allows the surgeon to observe the physical location of tissue within the patient by observation of the optical image. This process can be completed in just a few minutes in the operating room thus eliminating the need for iterative pathological examinations..
• the dual-modality, mobile imager of the present invention 10 comprises; 1) a planar PET imager 12 that typically, but not necessarily, exhibits a 10cm x 20cm field of view and -1.5-3.0 mm planar reconstruction resolution;
• the preferred general type of apparatus will have a scintillator as a sensor/energy converter of the 511 keV annihilation gamma rays, while different photodetectors will serve as detectors of the scintillation light produced by the absorbed 511 keV gamma rays in the scintillator gamma sensor.
• the scintillator sensor can be made of pixellated or plate crystal scintillator materials such as LSO, LYSO, GSO, BGO, LaBr3, NaI(TI), CsI(TI), CsI(Na), and others.
• the photodetector may comprise a standard or multi-element photomultiplier, position sensitive, flat panel or microchannel plate based photomultiplier, an avalanche photodiode array or large size avalanche photodiodes with resistive etc. readout, or different variants of the novel so-called Silicon photomultiplier.
• PET imager technologies include, but are not limited to:
• imagers based on two opposed detector heads 12A and 12B each made with an array of 2" Hamamatsu Flat Panel Position Sensitive Photomultipliers (PSPMTs) coupled to an array of 2mmx2mmxl5mm LYSOscintillators and forming a planar PET imager with a ⁇ 10cmxl0cm active field of view;
• PSPMTs Hamamatsu Flat Panel Position Sensitive Photomultipliers
• the PSPMTs can be replaced with Silicon PMTs such as those available for SensL, of Mountain View, CA.
• PET isotope compatible detector technology such as position sensitive APDs and solid state detector material such as cadmium zinc telluride;
• a prototype of the tissue sample imaging system of the present invention was built and tested in a laboratory environment.
• the imager was implemented on a modified mobile gantry equipped with an articulating arm initially designed by for a thyroid uptake probe.
• the system was adapted to include the following elements: aq electronics cabinet housing electronics, power supplies, and cabling; a shelf housing computer and data acquisition box; a, medical quality USB/isolation transformer to assure uninterrupted power during surgery and to provide an electrical safety buffer; a compact computer; and a medical quality touch screen monitor for ease of operation and cleaner environment (in principle no keyboard use is needed).
• an important feature of this imaging device 10 of the present invention is a sample tray 18 including a sample holder 42 that aligns the two imagers/cameras 12 and 16 by means of a pair of rails 40 that guide sample holder 42 position based on PET imager 12 location.
• This device ensures that PET imagers 12A and 12B are parallel and separated by the appropriate distance.
• Sample-tray 14 contains sample holder 42 that is preferably a radiolucent Petri dish that holds the tissue sample. This tray moves in rails 40 on the inside of sample holder 14.
• a stop-pin 44 positions tissue sample holder 42 under optical camera 16 where a digital photograph is taken.
• stop pin 44 is backed out which allows sample-tray 14 to be translated in the direction shown by arrow 46 to a central position in PET imager 12 where the PET image is acquired.
• the PET image is then merged with the optical image and displayed on touch screen monitor 24.
• Mounting of imaging system 10 on/in a cart 48 that includes casters or wheels 50 allows for movement of imaging system 10 into, out and within the operating room.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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• Immunology (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
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• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-01-09 US US12/319,649 patent/US8183530B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-09-05 WO PCT/US2009/005009 patent/WO2010080088A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2009-09-05 CN CN2009801541543A patent/CN102272627A/zh active Pending
  • 2009-09-05 JP JP2011545329A patent/JP5366033B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-09-05 EP EP09837716.1A patent/EP2376941A4/en not_active Withdrawn

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