WO2010075594A2 - Extraction of specific molecules from organic matter by hyperbaric cellular burst technology - Google Patents

Extraction of specific molecules from organic matter by hyperbaric cellular burst technology Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010075594A2
WO2010075594A2 PCT/ZA2009/000112 ZA2009000112W WO2010075594A2 WO 2010075594 A2 WO2010075594 A2 WO 2010075594A2 ZA 2009000112 W ZA2009000112 W ZA 2009000112W WO 2010075594 A2 WO2010075594 A2 WO 2010075594A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organic matter
hyperbaric
trauma
desired molecules
extracting desired
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2009/000112
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2010075594A3 (en
Inventor
Jan Abraham Vlok
Original Assignee
Henderson, Roy, Walter
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Publication date
Application filed by Henderson, Roy, Walter filed Critical Henderson, Roy, Walter
Publication of WO2010075594A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010075594A2/en
Publication of WO2010075594A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010075594A3/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to extraction of specific molecules from organic material by hyperbaric cellular burst technology.
  • the invention relates to a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter and to an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter.
  • Molecules derived, or extracted, from organic matter have been found to be useful for a variety of purposes. In many cases, such molecules derived from natural sources have been found to possess superior qualities when compared with equivalent molecules derived through chemical processes.
  • organic material can contain molecules which can be used advantageously in the treatment of diseases and illnesses, such as, cancer, HIV, influenza, hypertension, high cholesterol, bowel disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and the like, for example.
  • diseases and illnesses such as, cancer, HIV, influenza, hypertension, high cholesterol, bowel disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and the like, for example.
  • certain molecules derived from certain types of organic matter can be used advantageously as anti-viral treatments, anti-fungal treatments, and the like, for example.
  • certain molecules derived from certain types of organic matter can be used advantageously as organic preservatives, organic pesticides, organic fertilizers, and the like, for example. Accordingly, it has been found that different types of molecules derived from organic matter can be useful in a variety of different applications.
  • a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter including: providing organic matter; subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture; and extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • hypobaric trauma is to be interpreted to mean a step of increased pressure followed by a relatively rapid depressurization step.
  • extraction is to be interpreted to mean isolation, or to provide at least a higher concentration of, desired molecules to varying degrees, where the desired molecules are separated from unwanted material to make more prevalent, or to increase the relative density of, the desired molecules.
  • desired molecules in the form of bio available molecules, are isolated in varying degrees from organic emulsions where unwanted organic material, and/or unwanted excess moisture, is removed to make more prevalent, or to increase the relative density of, the desired molecules.
  • Providing organic matter may include providing organic matter selected from the group consisting of leaves, fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, roots, hydrocarbons, bark, seeds, seed pods, algae, human flesh, animal flesh, micro-organisms and flowers.
  • Subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include positioning the organic matter in a pressure vessel, pressurizing the pressure vessel and then depressurizing the pressure vessel while the organic matter is in the pressure vessel.
  • the method may include treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • Treating the organic matter may include comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
  • Comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include grinding the organic matter.
  • the organic matter may be in the form of fruit, grinding the organic matter then including grinding the fruit while the fruit is in a natural hydrated state.
  • Comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm.
  • comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm.
  • comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
  • Treating the organic matter may include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture.
  • Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium may include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a fluid.
  • Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium may include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a liquid.
  • Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a liquid may include mixing the organic matter with water.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • Treating the organic matter may include treating the organic matter to deactivate certain enzymes in the organic matter. Treating the organic matter may include treating the organic matter to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter.
  • Treating the organic matter may include treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation.
  • Treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation may include adding anti-oxidant substances to the organic matter.
  • Treating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter. Heating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 65 0 C and about
  • heating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 75 0 C and about 90 0 C.
  • heating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 80 0 C and about 85°C.
  • Treating the organic matter may include de-aerating the organic matter mixture. Treating the organic matter may include blanching the organic matter mixture.
  • Subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar. Typically, subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 600 Bar to about 1200 Bar. Normally, subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture includes subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
  • Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include extracting molecules selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre and glyconutrients.
  • Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include at least one process selected from the group consisting of refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying and mass spectrometry.
  • an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter including: hyperbaric trauma inducing means for subjecting organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture; and extraction means for extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma by the hyperbaric trauma inducing means to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • the hyperbaric trauma inducing means may be in the form of a pressure vessel in which the organic material can be positioned so as to be subjected to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel may be arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar.
  • the pressure vessel may be arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 600 Bar to about 1200 Bar.
  • the pressure vessel is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
  • the extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter may include treatment means for treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel.
  • the treatment means may include a comminuter for comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
  • the comminuter may include a grinder for grinding the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
  • the comminuter may be arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm.
  • the comminuter may be arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm.
  • the comminuter may be arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
  • the treatment means may further include a mixer for mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture.
  • the mixer may be arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of water.
  • the mixer is arranged to mix the organic matter in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the mixer is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the mixer is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the treatment means may further include deactivation means for deactivating certain enzymes in the organic matter.
  • the treatment means may further include microbial treatment means for treating the organic matter to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter.
  • the treatment means may further include anti-oxidation means for inhibiting oxidation.
  • the treatment means may include heating means for heating the organic matter.
  • the heating means may be arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 65 0 C and about
  • the heating means is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 75°C and about 90 0 C.
  • the heating means is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 8O 0 C and about 85 0 C.
  • the treatment means may include de-aerating means for de-aerating the organic matter mixture.
  • the treatment means may include blanching means for blanching the organic matter mixture.
  • the extraction means may be arranged to extract molecules selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre and glyconutrients.
  • the extraction means may be arranged to perform at least one process selected from the group consisting of refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying and mass spectrometry.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram indicating steps of a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic block diagram indicating an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the method 10 includes providing organic matter, as indicated at 12.
  • Providing organic matter at 12 can include providing organic matter in the form of leaves, fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, roots, hydrocarbons, bark, seeds, seed pods, flowers, and the like, for example.
  • the method 10 further includes subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, as indicated at 14, and extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma at 14 to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • Subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture can include subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar, depending on the type of organic matter being used. Typically, the organic matter is subjected to a pressure of between about 600 Bar and about 1200 Bar. Normally, the organic matter is subjected to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
  • hypobaric trauma is to be interpreted to mean a step of increased pressure followed by a relatively rapid depressurization step.
  • the amount of increased pressure and the rate of relatively rapid depressurizion are selected to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • the degree of increased pressure and the rate of relatively rapid depressurizing can vary depending on the type of organic matter being used in the method 10.
  • the step 14 is performed by positioning the organic matter in a pressure vessel, pressurizing the pressure vessel and then depressurizing the pressure vessel while the organic matter is in the pressure vessel.
  • Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture can include extracting molecules, such as, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glyconutrients, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre, and the like, for example.
  • extracting molecules such as, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glyco
  • Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture can include at least one process, such as, refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, mass spectrometry, and the like, for example.
  • an emulsion such as a plant material emulsion, or the like, for example, is produced.
  • the emulsion can be used in drinks, or edible bars, or the like, for example.
  • the emulsion can be dried to produce a powder with a relatively high level of active material.
  • spray drying, freeze drying, wind drying, vacuum drying, or the like, for example can be used.
  • the emulsion can be diluted and filtered to remove relatively large undesirable particles, such as, fibre particles, protein particles, fat particles, colour pigment particles, carbohydrate particles, or the like, for example.
  • Solvents or diluents such as, water, hexane, ethanol, or the like, for example, can be added to the emulsion.
  • the active material can then dissolve into such solvents, or diluents.
  • the solvents, or diluents can then be removed and dried to produce relatively highly concentrated active powders.
  • Diluents can be added to the emulsion and the pH can be altered.
  • Various desired and undesired material can be soluble or insoluble at various pH levels. Accordingly, desired and undesired substances can be removed and dried to produce relatively highly concentrated active powders.
  • the method 10 includes treating the organic matter, as indicated in dashed lines by reference numeral 18, prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture at 14.
  • plant material for example, such plant material can contain enzymes which can deactivate desired active material.
  • active material can be sensitive to oxygen.
  • plant material can be contaminated with foreign matter and micro organisms, and the like, for example.
  • the method 10 can include steps arranged to enhance the preservation of the desired active material.
  • the organic material such as plant material, or the like, for example, is washed with an anti microbial substance to remove micro organisms and foreign matter.
  • the organic material can be washed with hot water to remove foreign matter, undesired organic matter, aflotoxins, to remove, or destroy, undesired micro-organisms, and the like, for example.
  • the organic material is washed at a temperature of between about 65°C and about 95 0 C.
  • the organic material is washed at a temperature of between about 80°C and about 85 0 C.
  • washing the organic material at such temperatures destroys enzymes that can deactivate the desired active materials.
  • anti-oxidants are added to preserve the active materials against oxidation.
  • the pH of the organic material can be varied to assist in the preservation of the activity of the desired active materials.
  • Preservatives and anti-microbial substances can be added to enhance the activity of the organic material against microbes, for example.
  • Treating the organic matter 18 includes comminuting the organic matter, as indicated at 20, to form comminuted organic matter.
  • Comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter can include grinding the organic matter.
  • the organic matter can be in the form of fruit, or vegetables, or the like, for example, in which case grinding the organic matter can include grinding the fruit, or vegetables, or the like, while the fruit, or vegetables, or the like, are in a natural hydrated state.
  • comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter includes cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm.
  • comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter includes cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm.
  • comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter includes cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
  • Treating the organic matter at 18 further includes mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture, as indicated at 22.
  • Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium can include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a fluid, such as, a gas, a liquid, or a flowable granular substance, or the like, for example.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in the form of water.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • Treating the organic matter at 18 can include treating the organic matter to deactivate certain enzymes and to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter, as indicated at 24.
  • treating the organic matter at 18 can include treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation, as indicated at 26, by adding anti-oxidant substances to the organic matter, for example.
  • Such enzymes and oxidation can reduce the presence of active molecules after subjection to the hyperbaric trauma.
  • Treating the organic matter at 18 can further include heating the organic matter, as indicated at
  • Heating the organic matter can include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 65°C and about 95°C.
  • heating the organic matter includes heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 75 0 C and about 90°C.
  • heating the organic matter includes heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 80°C and about 85°C.
  • Treating the organic matter at 18 can yet further include de-aerating and blanching the organic matter mixture, as indicated at 30.
  • an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter is generally indicated by reference numeral 110.
  • the system 110 includes hyperbaric trauma inducing means, generally indicated by reference numeral 112, for subjecting organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • the system 110 further includes extraction means, generally indicated by reference numeral 1 14, for extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma by the hyperbaric trauma inducing means 112 to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
  • the hyperbaric trauma inducing means 112 is in the form of a pressure vessel 116 in which the organic matter is positioned so as to be subjected to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel 116.
  • a pressure vessel defining a single pressure chamber can be employed, a pressure vessel defining a plurality of pressure chambers, such as, between two and five pressure chambers, for example, can be employed instead. Using three pressure chambers has been found to be advantageous.
  • the pressure vessel 116 is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar.
  • the pressure vessel 116 is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 600 Bar to about 1200 Bar.
  • the pressure vessel 116 is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
  • the extraction means 114 is arranged to extract molecules such as, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti- oxidants, tannins, glyconutrients,, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre, and the like, for example.
  • molecules such as, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti- oxidants, tannins, glyconutrients,, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre, and the like, for example.
  • the extraction means 114 is arranged to perform at least one process, such as, refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, mass spectrometry, and the like, for example, so as to extract desired molecules from the organic material.
  • process such as, refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, mass spectrometry, and the like, for example, so as to extract desired molecules from the organic material.
  • the extraction system 110 further includes treatment means, generally indicated in dashed lines by reference numeral 118, for treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel 116.
  • treatment means generally indicated in dashed lines by reference numeral 118, for treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel 116.
  • the treatment means 118 includes a commiiiuter 120 for comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
  • the comminuter 120 includes a grinder 122 for grinding the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
  • the comminuter 120 is arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm.
  • the comminuter 120 is arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm.
  • the comminuter 120 is arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
  • the treatment means 118 further includes a mixer 124 for mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture.
  • the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of water.
  • the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
  • the treatment means 118 can further include deactivation means 126 for deactivating certain enzymes in the organic matter.
  • the treatment means 118 can further include microbial treatment means for treating the organic matter to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter.
  • the treatment means 118 can further include anti-oxidation means 128 for inhibiting oxidation.
  • the treatment means 118 includes heating means, generally indicated by reference numeral 130, for heating the organic matter.
  • the heating means 130 can be arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 65 0 C and about 95°C.
  • the heating means 130 is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 75°C and about 90°C.
  • the heating means 130 is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 80°C and about 85°C.
  • the treatment means 118 can include . de-aerating means, generally indicated by reference numeral 132, for de-aerating the organic matter mixture.
  • the treatment means 118 can further include blanching means, generally indicated by reference numeral 134, for blanching the organic matter mixture.
  • the method of the invention was employed to extract Azadarachtin from Neem seed.
  • 10 Kg of Neem seed was heated to between about 7O 0 C and about 75°C.
  • enzyme breakdown of active molecules was inhibited.
  • a natural organic disinfectant was added to the Neem seed to inhibit micro-biological contamination.
  • Natural anti-oxidant substances were added to inhibit oxidation damage to the active molecules.
  • the Neem seed was then comminuted and then subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cellular rupture, or bursting.
  • 100 g of Azadarachtin was then extracted from an emulsion formed after the hyperbaric trauma.
  • the method of the invention was employed to extract Limonin from Naval oranges.
  • 150 kg of Naval oranges was heated to between about 7O 0 C and about 75 0 C.
  • enzyme breakdown of active molecules was inhibited.
  • a natural organic disinfectant was added to the Naval oranges to inhibit micro-biological contamination.
  • Natural antioxidant substances were added to inhibit oxidation damage to the active molecules.
  • the Naval oranges were then comminuted and then subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cellular rupture, or bursting.
  • An extraction rate of about 247 mg of Limonin per gram of Newcastle oranges was achieved from an emulsion formed after the hyperbaric trauma.
  • Other known methods of extracting Limonin from Naval oranges typically only yield about 18 mg of Limonin. Accordingly, using the method of the invention, in the order of 14 times more active Limonin was extracted, than when other known methods are used.

Abstract

The invention provides for a method 10 of extracting desired molecules from organic matter. The method 10 includes providing organic matter, at 12, and subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma, at 14, to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture. The method 10 further includes extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture. The invention extends to an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter.

Description

Title:
Extraction of specific molecules from organic material by hyperbaric cellular burst technology
Field of the invention: THIS INVENTION relates to extraction of specific molecules from organic material by hyperbaric cellular burst technology. In particular, the invention relates to a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter and to an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter.
Background of the invention :
Molecules derived, or extracted, from organic matter have been found to be useful for a variety of purposes. In many cases, such molecules derived from natural sources have been found to possess superior qualities when compared with equivalent molecules derived through chemical processes.
It has been found that various types of organic material can contain molecules which can be used advantageously in the treatment of diseases and illnesses, such as, cancer, HIV, influenza, hypertension, high cholesterol, bowel disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and the like, for example. In addition, certain molecules derived from certain types of organic matter can be used advantageously as anti-viral treatments, anti-fungal treatments, and the like, for example. Yet further, certain molecules derived from certain types of organic matter can be used advantageously as organic preservatives, organic pesticides, organic fertilizers, and the like, for example. Accordingly, it has been found that different types of molecules derived from organic matter can be useful in a variety of different applications.
It has been found that these types of molecules can be relatively difficult, or detrimental, to synthesize and to reproduce. Extraction of such molecules from organic matter can be relatively expensive and in at least some cases cost prohibitive. It has been found that where such molecules are chemically extracted from organic material, the yield, relative to available molecules, is normally relatively low. . Furthermore, in such a chemical process, a relatively large amount of chemical waste and useless by-products is often produced. Problems encountered in the disposal of such chemical waste and useless by-products, such as, damage to the environment, for example, can outweigh the value of the molecules extracted. It is an object of the invention to provide a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter, which method employs steps which at least reduce some of the problems associated with current methods of which the Applicants are aware. It is another object of the invention to provide an extraction system, for extracting desired molecules from organic matter, which system is arranged to perform the steps of the method of the invention.
Summary of the invention:
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter, the method including: providing organic matter; subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture; and extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
For the purposes of this specification, the term "hyperbaric trauma" is to be interpreted to mean a step of increased pressure followed by a relatively rapid depressurization step. In addition, for the purposes of this specification, the term "extraction" is to be interpreted to mean isolation, or to provide at least a higher concentration of, desired molecules to varying degrees, where the desired molecules are separated from unwanted material to make more prevalent, or to increase the relative density of, the desired molecules. In one case, desired molecules, in the form of bio available molecules, are isolated in varying degrees from organic emulsions where unwanted organic material, and/or unwanted excess moisture, is removed to make more prevalent, or to increase the relative density of, the desired molecules.
Providing organic matter may include providing organic matter selected from the group consisting of leaves, fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, roots, hydrocarbons, bark, seeds, seed pods, algae, human flesh, animal flesh, micro-organisms and flowers.
Subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include positioning the organic matter in a pressure vessel, pressurizing the pressure vessel and then depressurizing the pressure vessel while the organic matter is in the pressure vessel. The method may include treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
Treating the organic matter may include comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
Comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include grinding the organic matter. The organic matter may be in the form of fruit, grinding the organic matter then including grinding the fruit while the fruit is in a natural hydrated state.
Comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm. Preferably, comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm. Advantageously, comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter may include cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
Treating the organic matter may include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture. Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium may include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a fluid.
Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium may include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a liquid. Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a liquid may include mixing the organic matter with water.
Typically, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume. Preferably, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume. Advantageously, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume. Treating the organic matter may include treating the organic matter to deactivate certain enzymes in the organic matter. Treating the organic matter may include treating the organic matter to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter.
Treating the organic matter may include treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation.
Treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation may include adding anti-oxidant substances to the organic matter.
Treating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter. Heating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 650C and about
95°C. Preferably, heating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 750C and about 900C. Advantageously, heating the organic matter may include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 800C and about 85°C.
Treating the organic matter may include de-aerating the organic matter mixture. Treating the organic matter may include blanching the organic matter mixture.
Subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar. Typically, subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture may include subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 600 Bar to about 1200 Bar. Normally, subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture includes subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, may include extracting molecules selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre and glyconutrients.
Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, may include at least one process selected from the group consisting of refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying and mass spectrometry.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter, the system including: hyperbaric trauma inducing means for subjecting organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture; and extraction means for extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma by the hyperbaric trauma inducing means to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
The hyperbaric trauma inducing means may be in the form of a pressure vessel in which the organic material can be positioned so as to be subjected to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel may be arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar. Typically, the pressure vessel may be arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 600 Bar to about 1200 Bar. Normally, the pressure vessel is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
The extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter may include treatment means for treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel.
The treatment means may include a comminuter for comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
The comminuter may include a grinder for grinding the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
The comminuter may be arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm. Preferably, the comminuter may be arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm. Advantageously, the comminuter may be arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm. The treatment means may further include a mixer for mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture. The mixer may be arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of water.
Typically, the mixer is arranged to mix the organic matter in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume. Preferably, the mixer is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume. Advantageously, the mixer is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
The treatment means may further include deactivation means for deactivating certain enzymes in the organic matter.
The treatment means may further include microbial treatment means for treating the organic matter to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter.
The treatment means may further include anti-oxidation means for inhibiting oxidation.
The treatment means may include heating means for heating the organic matter. The heating means may be arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 650C and about
95°C. Preferably, the heating means is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 75°C and about 900C. Advantageously, the heating means is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 8O0C and about 850C.
The treatment means may include de-aerating means for de-aerating the organic matter mixture. The treatment means may include blanching means for blanching the organic matter mixture.
The extraction means may be arranged to extract molecules selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre and glyconutrients. The extraction means may be arranged to perform at least one process selected from the group consisting of refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying and mass spectrometry.
Brief Description of the drawings:
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram indicating steps of a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 2 shows a schematic block diagram indicating an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description of preferred embodiments:
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, a method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, is generally indicated by reference numeral 10.
The method 10 includes providing organic matter, as indicated at 12. Providing organic matter at 12 can include providing organic matter in the form of leaves, fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, roots, hydrocarbons, bark, seeds, seed pods, flowers, and the like, for example.
The method 10 further includes subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, as indicated at 14, and extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma at 14 to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture. Subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture can include subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar, depending on the type of organic matter being used. Typically, the organic matter is subjected to a pressure of between about 600 Bar and about 1200 Bar. Normally, the organic matter is subjected to a pressure of about 1000 Bar. It has been found that specific and unique molecules can be found within cells, or cell membranes, which normally would be very difficult to extract using other methods. When the cell membranes are disrupted phytonutrients are released from inside the cells. Often these phytonutrients contain molecules which can be useful.
The term "hyperbaric trauma" is to be interpreted to mean a step of increased pressure followed by a relatively rapid depressurization step. The amount of increased pressure and the rate of relatively rapid depressurizion are selected to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
Accordingly, the degree of increased pressure and the rate of relatively rapid depressurizing can vary depending on the type of organic matter being used in the method 10.
Typically, the step 14 is performed by positioning the organic matter in a pressure vessel, pressurizing the pressure vessel and then depressurizing the pressure vessel while the organic matter is in the pressure vessel.
Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, can include extracting molecules, such as, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glyconutrients, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre, and the like, for example.
Extracting desired molecules from the organic matter, as indicated at 16, after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, can include at least one process, such as, refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, mass spectrometry, and the like, for example.
Typically, after the hyperbaric step, an emulsion, such as a plant material emulsion, or the like, for example, is produced. The emulsion can be used in drinks, or edible bars, or the like, for example.
The emulsion can be dried to produce a powder with a relatively high level of active material. To dry the emulsion, spray drying, freeze drying, wind drying, vacuum drying, or the like, for example, can be used. The emulsion can be diluted and filtered to remove relatively large undesirable particles, such as, fibre particles, protein particles, fat particles, colour pigment particles, carbohydrate particles, or the like, for example. Solvents or diluents, such as, water, hexane, ethanol, or the like, for example, can be added to the emulsion. The active material can then dissolve into such solvents, or diluents. The solvents, or diluents, can then be removed and dried to produce relatively highly concentrated active powders. Diluents can be added to the emulsion and the pH can be altered. Various desired and undesired material can be soluble or insoluble at various pH levels. Accordingly, desired and undesired substances can be removed and dried to produce relatively highly concentrated active powders.
Typically, the method 10 includes treating the organic matter, as indicated in dashed lines by reference numeral 18, prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture at 14.
In the case of plant material, for example, such plant material can contain enzymes which can deactivate desired active material. Such active material can be sensitive to oxygen. In addition, such plant material can be contaminated with foreign matter and micro organisms, and the like, for example.
Accordingly, the method 10 can include steps arranged to enhance the preservation of the desired active material. Typically, the organic material, such as plant material, or the like, for example, is washed with an anti microbial substance to remove micro organisms and foreign matter. The organic material can be washed with hot water to remove foreign matter, undesired organic matter, aflotoxins, to remove, or destroy, undesired micro-organisms, and the like, for example. Typically, the organic material is washed at a temperature of between about 65°C and about 950C. Normally, the organic material is washed at a temperature of between about 80°C and about 850C. It has been found that washing the organic material at such temperatures destroys enzymes that can deactivate the desired active materials. In addition, anti-oxidants are added to preserve the active materials against oxidation. In some cases, the pH of the organic material can be varied to assist in the preservation of the activity of the desired active materials. Preservatives and anti-microbial substances can be added to enhance the activity of the organic material against microbes, for example.
Treating the organic matter 18 includes comminuting the organic matter, as indicated at 20, to form comminuted organic matter. Comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter can include grinding the organic matter. The organic matter can be in the form of fruit, or vegetables, or the like, for example, in which case grinding the organic matter can include grinding the fruit, or vegetables, or the like, while the fruit, or vegetables, or the like, are in a natural hydrated state.
Typically, comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter includes cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm. Preferably, comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter includes cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm. Advantageously, comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter includes cumminuting the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
Treating the organic matter at 18 further includes mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture, as indicated at 22. Mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium can include mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of a fluid, such as, a gas, a liquid, or a flowable granular substance, or the like, for example. Advantageously, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in the form of water.
Typically, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume. Preferably, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume. Advantageously, the organic matter is mixed with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
Treating the organic matter at 18 can include treating the organic matter to deactivate certain enzymes and to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter, as indicated at 24. In addition, treating the organic matter at 18 can include treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation, as indicated at 26, by adding anti-oxidant substances to the organic matter, for example. Such enzymes and oxidation can reduce the presence of active molecules after subjection to the hyperbaric trauma.
Treating the organic matter at 18 can further include heating the organic matter, as indicated at
28. Heating the organic matter can include heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 65°C and about 95°C. Preferably, heating the organic matter includes heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 750C and about 90°C. Advantageously, heating the organic matter includes heating the organic matter to a temperature of between about 80°C and about 85°C.
Treating the organic matter at 18 can yet further include de-aerating and blanching the organic matter mixture, as indicated at 30.
Referring to Figure 2 of the drawings, an extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter, is generally indicated by reference numeral 110.
The system 110 includes hyperbaric trauma inducing means, generally indicated by reference numeral 112, for subjecting organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture. The system 110 further includes extraction means, generally indicated by reference numeral 1 14, for extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma by the hyperbaric trauma inducing means 112 to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
The hyperbaric trauma inducing means 112 is in the form of a pressure vessel 116 in which the organic matter is positioned so as to be subjected to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel 116. Although a pressure vessel defining a single pressure chamber can be employed, a pressure vessel defining a plurality of pressure chambers, such as, between two and five pressure chambers, for example, can be employed instead. Using three pressure chambers has been found to be advantageous. Typically, the pressure vessel 116 is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar. Advantageously, the pressure vessel 116 is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 600 Bar to about 1200 Bar. Normally, the pressure vessel 116 is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of about 1000 Bar.
Typically, the extraction means 114 is arranged to extract molecules such as, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti- oxidants, tannins, glyconutrients,, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre, and the like, for example.
Typically, the extraction means 114 is arranged to perform at least one process, such as, refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, mass spectrometry, and the like, for example, so as to extract desired molecules from the organic material.
Typically, the extraction system 110 further includes treatment means, generally indicated in dashed lines by reference numeral 118, for treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel 116.
The treatment means 118 includes a commiiiuter 120 for comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter. Typically, the comminuter 120 includes a grinder 122 for grinding the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
Typically, the comminuter 120 is arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 5 mm. Preferably, the comminuter 120 is arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 2 mm. Advantageously, the comminuter 120 is arranged to comminute the organic matter to have a particle size of less than about 0.5 mm.
The treatment means 118 further includes a mixer 124 for mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture. Typically, the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in the form of water.
Typically, the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1 to 5 parts carrier medium by volume. Preferably, the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.25 to 4 parts carrier medium by volume. Advantageously, the mixer 124 is arranged to mix the organic matter with a carrier medium in a ratio of about 1 part organic matter to between about 1.5 to 3 parts carrier medium by volume.
The treatment means 118 can further include deactivation means 126 for deactivating certain enzymes in the organic matter. The treatment means 118 can further include microbial treatment means for treating the organic matter to inhibit microbial activity in the organic matter. The treatment means 118 can further include anti-oxidation means 128 for inhibiting oxidation. The treatment means 118 includes heating means, generally indicated by reference numeral 130, for heating the organic matter. The heating means 130 can be arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 650C and about 95°C. Preferably, the heating means 130 is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 75°C and about 90°C. Advantageously, the heating means 130 is arranged to heat the organic matter to a temperature of between about 80°C and about 85°C.
The treatment means 118 can include . de-aerating means, generally indicated by reference numeral 132, for de-aerating the organic matter mixture. The treatment means 118 can further include blanching means, generally indicated by reference numeral 134, for blanching the organic matter mixture.
In one experiment, the method of the invention was employed to extract Azadarachtin from Neem seed. 10 Kg of Neem seed was heated to between about 7O0C and about 75°C. By heating the Neem seed, enzyme breakdown of active molecules was inhibited. A natural organic disinfectant was added to the Neem seed to inhibit micro-biological contamination. Natural anti-oxidant substances were added to inhibit oxidation damage to the active molecules. The Neem seed was then comminuted and then subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cellular rupture, or bursting. 100 g of Azadarachtin was then extracted from an emulsion formed after the hyperbaric trauma. Other known methods of extracting Azadarachtin from Neem seed typically only yield about 2 g of Azadarachtin. Accordingly, using the method of the invention, in the order of 50 times more active Azadarachtin was extracted, than when other known methods are used.
In another experiment, the method of the invention was employed to extract Limonin from Naval oranges. 150 kg of Naval oranges was heated to between about 7O0C and about 750C. By heating the Naval oranges, enzyme breakdown of active molecules was inhibited. A natural organic disinfectant was added to the Naval oranges to inhibit micro-biological contamination. Natural antioxidant substances were added to inhibit oxidation damage to the active molecules. The Naval oranges were then comminuted and then subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cellular rupture, or bursting. An extraction rate of about 247 mg of Limonin per gram of Naval oranges was achieved from an emulsion formed after the hyperbaric trauma. Other known methods of extracting Limonin from Naval oranges typically only yield about 18 mg of Limonin. Accordingly, using the method of the invention, in the order of 14 times more active Limonin was extracted, than when other known methods are used.

Claims

Claims:
1. A method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter, the method including: providing organic matter; subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture; and extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
2. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in claim 1, in which providing organic matter includes providing organic matter selected from the group consisting of leaves, fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, roots, hydrocarbons, bark, seeds, seed pods and flowers.
3. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, includes positioning the organic matter in a pressure vessel, pressurizing the pressure vessel and then depressurizing the pressure vessel while the organic matter is in the pressure vessel.
4. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which includes treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
5. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in claim 4, in which treating the organic matter includes comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
6. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, in which treating the organic matter, includes mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture.
7. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6 inclusive, in which treating the organic matter, includes treating the organic matter to deactivate certain enzymes in the organic matter.
8. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7 inclusive, in which treating the organic matter, includes treating the organic matter to inhibit oxidation.
9. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8 inclusive, in which treating the organic matter includes heating the organic matter.
10. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, includes subjecting the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar.
11. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, includes extracting molecules selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre and glyconutrients.
12. The method of extracting desired molecules from organic matter as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture, includes at least one process selected from the group consisting of refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying and mass spectrometry.
13. An extraction system for extracting desired molecules from organic matter, the extraction system including: hyperbaric trauma inducing means for subjecting organic matter to hyperbaric trauma to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture; and extraction means for extracting desired molecules from the organic matter after the organic matter has been subjected to hyperbaric trauma by the hyperbaric trauma inducing means to cause cells of the organic matter to rupture.
14. The extraction system as claimed in claim 13, in which the hyperbaric trauma inducing means is in the form of a pressure vessel in which the organic material can be positioned so as to be subjected to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel.
15. The extraction system as claimed in claim 14, in which the pressure vessel is arranged to subject the organic matter to a pressure of between about 200 Bar to about 1500 Bar.
16. The extraction system as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 15 inclusive, which further includes treatment means for treating the organic matter prior to subjecting the organic matter to hyperbaric trauma in the pressure vessel.
17. The extraction system as claimed in claim 16, in which the treatment means includes a comminuter for comminuting the organic matter to form comminuted organic matter.
18. The extraction system as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17, in which the treatment means further includes a mixer for mixing the organic matter with a carrier medium to form an organic matter mixture.
19. The extraction system as claimed in claim any one of claims 16 to 18 inclusive, in which the treatment means further includes heating means for heating the organic matter.
20. The extraction system as claimed any one of claims 13 to 19 inclusive, in which he extraction means is arranged to extract molecules selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phytonutrients, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, quinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, sterolins, xanthones, carbohydrates, anti-oxidants, tannins, glucosides, fat, fatty acids, fibre and glyconutrients.
21. The extraction system as claimed any one of claims 13 to 20 inclusive, in which the extraction means is arranged to perform at least one process selected from the group consisting of refraction, filtration, ultra-filtration, titration, distillation, solvent extraction, freeze drying, solid phase extraction, spray drying, heat drying, vacuum drying and mass spectrometry.
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US9421477B2 (en) 2013-08-12 2016-08-23 Green Extraction Technologies Biomass fractionation and extraction apparatus
US9718001B2 (en) 2013-08-12 2017-08-01 Green Extraction Technologies Biomass fractionation and extraction methods
US11174355B2 (en) 2013-08-12 2021-11-16 Green Extraction Technologies Isolation method for water insoluble components of a biomass

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