WO2010072026A1 - 用于生物大分子结晶的结晶装置和方法及其应用 - Google Patents

用于生物大分子结晶的结晶装置和方法及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010072026A1
WO2010072026A1 PCT/CN2008/073686 CN2008073686W WO2010072026A1 WO 2010072026 A1 WO2010072026 A1 WO 2010072026A1 CN 2008073686 W CN2008073686 W CN 2008073686W WO 2010072026 A1 WO2010072026 A1 WO 2010072026A1
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Prior art keywords
crystallization
solution
screening
region
liquid
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English (en)
French (fr)
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苏晓东
布罗斯特罗梅尔·埃里克
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Peking University
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Peking University
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Priority to PCT/CN2008/073686 priority Critical patent/WO2010072026A1/zh
Priority to CN2008800004607A priority patent/CN101522277B/zh
Publication of WO2010072026A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010072026A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/54Organic compounds
    • C30B29/58Macromolecular compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D9/00Crystallisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/30Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
    • C07K1/306Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation by crystallization
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B7/00Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
    • C30B7/02Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions by evaporation of the solvent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for crystallizing a biomacromolecule, and a crystallization method for diffusing a biomacromolecule solution using a dried screening solution as an additive And its applications.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The determination of biological macromolecular structures is closely related to understanding the functions of biological macromolecules, the relationship with diseases, and drug design.
  • the research method of biological macromolecular structure is mainly based on X-ray crystal diffraction technology, and can be applied to any biomolecule which can be crystallized, so that the biomacromolecule crystallization technology becomes the focus of research on biological macromolecular structure.
  • biomacromolecule crystallization methods include a hanging drop gas phase diffusion method, a drop-drip phase diffusion method, and an oil-covered Micro-batch method.
  • Suspension drop vapor phase diffusion method refers to dropping a biomacromolecule solution to be crystallized and a crystal screening solution on a glass piece, a plastic sheet or a special tape coated with a sealing material (such as Vaseline), and inverting the above-mentioned crystal screening solution.
  • the pool is on the liquid.
  • the drop-diffusion method requires that a mixed droplet of the biomacromolecule solution to be crystallized and the crystallization screening solution be added to a crystallization unit and sealed with a special plastic film or tape.
  • a protein crystallization process is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,656,267 B2.
  • a polymer crystal plate comprising a plurality of crystallization units, each crystallization unit comprising a liquid storage tank adapted to receive an equilibrium solution, a support located adjacent to the liquid storage tank, and the support is suitable for at least one of the drops a support region and a temporary low temperature support region for the crystalline material, a sample reservoir in the stent and adapted to receive a droplet comprising the crystalline material; secondly, the equilibrium solution is dispensed into the reservoir; The droplets of the molecular solution are dispensed into the sample reservoir; then, the crystallization unit is covered with the cover; finally, the crystallizable material is crystallized by vapor diffusion.
  • Figures 1 and 2 depict schematic diagrams of the hanging biodial and the hanging drop crystallization biomacromolecules, respectively.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the hanging drop method.
  • the solution for screening the biomacromolecule in the reservoir usually contains a buffer or a precipitant or the like.
  • the 'j droplet of the biomacromolecule solution also contains the same biomacromolecule crystal screening solution added in a certain ratio and the biomacromolecule solution to be crystallized, so that the concentration of such a buffer or precipitant in these solutions is lower than that of the storage.
  • the solution in the tank after sealing, causes the vapor diffusion between the solution passing through the reservoir and the liquid droplets in each cell to reach an internal environment in which the dynamic equilibrium of the biomacromolecule is crystallized.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sitting drop method.
  • small droplets of biomacromolecules are placed on a support above the reservoir solution, which is the opposite of the hanging drop method.
  • the crystal screening conditions are increasing. Taking Hampton's commonly used screening conditions as an example, Screen Kit I, II and Index, a total of 194 Screening conditions, other commonly used kits to optimize crystals are also available in hundreds of conditions. There are hundreds to thousands of commonly used crystal screening conditions available in other companies or laboratories.
  • the key step is to determine the initial concentration of the appropriate precipitant and biomacromolecule solution.
  • the reason is that the relationship between the concentration of the precipitant/biomacromolecule solution has an important influence on the success or failure of crystallization. If the ratio of the two is too low, the condition cannot form a crystal nucleus; on the contrary, if the ratio is too high, the condition is too saturated and excessive precipitation is likely to occur.
  • the liquid-liquid mixture is used. In this form, the mixing speed of the two solutions is too fast, and once the concentration is too high, an amorphous precipitate may occur immediately and cannot be determined. Concentration conditions for the crystallization of biological macromolecules.
  • the present invention provides a crystallization apparatus for biomacromolecule crystallization and a crystallization method for diffusing a biomacromolecule solution using the dried screening liquid as an additive.
  • the crystallization apparatus and method can be carried out by adding an automatic liquid to the crystallization zone i or by a robot, which can be completed by an automated machine or a robot.
  • the speed is high, the degree is high, and the screening range is wide.
  • the "screening solution" after drying can be stored for a long time. Get it whenever you need it.
  • the crystallization apparatus and method can effectively control the speed of crystallization of biomacromolecules and effectively determine the concentration conditions required for crystallization of biomacromolecules.
  • the crystallization apparatus for biomacromolecule crystallization comprising at least one crystallization unit comprising at least one pool liquid region of the dropping tank liquid and at least one dropping screening liquid (usually ⁇ A small amount) and a crystalline region of the biomacromolecule solution to be crystallized, the crystalline region being in gaseous communication with the pool region, and in at least one of the crystalline regions, a solid material of the dried screening liquid is left.
  • the crystallization apparatus is a crystallizing plate.
  • the crystal plate has one or more crystal holes (grooves) arranged in an array.
  • the crystal plate has ⁇ L in an array of 24, 48, 96, 192 or 384 or the like.
  • the pool area and the crystallization area may coincide.
  • the screening liquid added to the crystallization zone contains one of a buffering agent, a precipitating agent, a detergent, or a combination thereof.
  • the screening solution is dried at room temperature or baked at a higher temperature.
  • the crystallization apparatus can be any crystallization apparatus suitable for manual or automated mechanical operation.
  • the screening solution may be a diluted screening solution.
  • the biomacromolecule solution may be a diluted biomacromolecule solution.
  • the crystallization apparatus is sealed by a sealing tape or a sealing film.
  • a method for crystallization of a biomacromolecule comprising: a) using one or more crystallization units, the crystallization unit comprising at least one cell liquid region and at least one crystallization region, the crystallization region being in gas communication with the cell liquid region, b) introducing a screening solution into the crystallization zone i or force p, c) drying the screening solution, leaving a solid state corresponding to the chemical composition of the screening solution in the crystallization zone Substance, d) into the pool area, into the pool, e) adding a biomacromolecule solution to the crystallization zone, mixing with the solid material of the screening solution, f) sealing the crystallization unit, g) placing the crystallization unit The crystal grows in the crystalline region under a controlled external environment.
  • the pool area and the crystal area may coincide.
  • the screening solution added to the crystallization zone contains one of a buffering agent, a precipitating agent, a detergent, or a combination thereof.
  • the screening solution is baked and dried at room temperature under a dry or higher temperature.
  • the crystallization apparatus may be any crystallization apparatus that is manually or automatically mechanically operated.
  • the screening solution may be a diluted screening solution.
  • the biomacromolecule solution may be a diluted biomacromolecule solution.
  • the crystallization apparatus according to the present invention can be applied to the crystallization of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polypeptides.
  • the crystallization method according to the present invention can be applied to the crystallization of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polypeptides.
  • the total volume after the addition of the biomacromolecule solution is smaller than the volume of the liquid-liquid mixture in the prior art, so that after the corresponding solid-liquid mixing
  • the local concentration is higher than the local concentration after liquid-liquid mixing in the prior art, thereby expanding the concentration change of the mixed solution in a limited crystallization region, that is, expanding the range of crystallization conditions of the biomacromolecules, having biomacromolecules
  • the low concentration of the solution also has the advantage of being crystallizable.
  • the crystallization apparatus may have a plurality of crystallization units, screening of crystallization conditions of several different biomacromolecules can be simultaneously performed, and the average crystallization condition of each biomacromolecule is reduced.
  • the dosage of the agent and the consumable can thus reduce the cost of biomacromolecular screening.
  • the screening liquid in the crystallization zone is dried, and this step can be completed in batches by mechanical or robotic means.
  • the titration of the selected solution has the advantage of a more precise concentration and good repeatability.
  • the "screening solution (solid matter)" after drying in the crystallization zone has a long storage time and can be directly used when crystallizing biological macromolecules are required, which simplifies the operation of subsequent experiments.
  • the solid-state screening agent absorbs the biomacromolecule solution at a slower rate by the solid-liquid droplet method, the solid-state screening agent and the biomacromolecule solution can be slowly mixed, and the most suitable crystallization condition can be more easily determined. At the same time, the crystallization failure caused by the excessive speed or excessive concentration of the liquid-liquid mixture in the prior art is avoided.
  • the screening solution can be diluted to overcome certain difficult characteristics of certain screening solutions, such as viscosity, using a diluted solution to enable the high resolution of the screening solution, and the distribution of the screening solution. More even.
  • the biomacromolecule solution is titrated and mixed with the dried "screening solution", the total liquid volume is approximately equal to the volume of the titrated biomacromolecule solution, and the final concentration of the biomacromolecule solution in the crystallization zone is approximately equal to the initial biomacromolecule solution concentration.
  • the final concentration of the biomacromolecule solution in the crystalline region is approximately equal to the concentration of the original biomacromolecule solution. If the nucleation reaction of the crystalline material depends on the high concentration of crystalline material, a nucleation reaction occurs and crystal growth begins.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the biomacromolecule crystallization of the prior art hanging drop method
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the biomolecular crystallization of the prior art drop method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A perspective view of a crystallizing plate used
  • FIG. 4 is a top view showing the relationship between the concentration of the biomacromolecule solution and the concentration of the screening solution
  • Figure 5 shows some of the possible results of protein crystallization
  • Figure 6 shows a physical map obtained by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 7a-7b show a physical map obtained by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a crystallizing plate for high-throughput biomacromolecule crystallization is selected, including a crystal plate body portion 10, and a 6x8 array on the crystal plate body.
  • the crystal plates used are distributed in an array of 8 x 12 layers.
  • other forms of array-distributed crystallization apparatus suitable for the biomacromolecule crystallization are selected.
  • the pool area and the crystalline area coincide.
  • the bath is the same as the screening solution.
  • the screening solution added to the crystallization zone contains a buffer, a precipitant, a detergent, or a combination thereof.
  • the drying method is to dry at room temperature at room temperature or at a higher temperature.
  • the crystallization apparatus can be any crystallization apparatus for high throughput methods or can be manually or mechanically titrated.
  • the screening or bath is titrated to the crystallization apparatus and dried.
  • the process can be performed by at least one of a manual, a mechanical, or an automated robot.
  • the screening solution is a diluted solution.
  • the biomacromolecule solution is a diluted solution.
  • the crystallization apparatus is sealed by a sealing tape or a sealing film.
  • the biomacromolecule crystallization process or result is monitored by at least one of an automated crystal growth observing system, a camera, a camera, or a manual observation.
  • the biomacromolecule crystallization method of the invention is used for the crystallization of nucleic acids.
  • Example 1 A crystal plate as shown in Fig. 3 was selected, which had a 6x8 array of crystallization units 20 each having two titration zones i or 210 and one cell zone i or 220.
  • a screening solution is added to one of the titration areas 210 of each of the crystallization units 20, and then the crystallization plate is allowed to dry naturally at room temperature, that is, the screening solution is dried.
  • a solid substance corresponding to the components of the screening liquid is left in the dried titration area 210.
  • Imaging interval 3min, 15 min, 3h, 27h, 52h, 88h, 143h
  • Figure 6 is a clear plot of the experimental results, which can be found by comparison.
  • crystallization occurs in the solid-liquid method according to the present invention, and apparent crystallization occurs in the crystal region crystallized by the conventional liquid-liquid method.
  • crystallization occurs in the solid-liquid method according to the present invention, and crystallization does not occur in the crystallization region crystallized by the conventional liquid-liquid method.
  • the F2 crystallization zone a small amount of crystallization occurs in the solid-liquid method according to the present invention, and significant turbidity appears in the crystallization region which is crystallized by the conventional liquid-liquid method.
  • Example 2 A crystal plate in the form of a 6x8 array in which the pool liquid region and the crystal region coincided was selected. Screening solution:
  • Row A 6 % NaCl, 0.1 M NaAc-HCl H 4.5
  • B row 7.5 % NaCl, 0.1 M NaAc-HCl pH 4.5
  • Line F 1.0 M Na/K tartrate, 0.1 M 4-hydroxyethyl group sodium ethate pH 7.5
  • Crystallization Record One microliter of screening solution was added to each of the crystallization zones 20 using an 8-channel dropper at room temperature. 2 liters of a 1 mg/mK 3 mg/mK 5 mg/ml, 7 mg/mK 9 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml protein solution were added to the crystallization zone 20 in the order of 1-6 columns using a multi-tube Plus titrator. Immediately after the completion of the titration.
  • the plate is then stored at room temperature.
  • the imaging results for selecting clear Al, A4, B2, C3, C6, D2, E6, Fl, F5, G4, H3 and H5 are listed in Figures 8a-b for reference. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that A4, C3, D2, G4, and H5 do not react; crystals appear in Al, B2, C6, E6, Fl, F5, and H3, and grow with time.
  • Example 2 when the crystallization region and the pool region in the crystallization unit coincide, the crystallization can be obtained by the biomacromolecule crystallization method of the present invention.
  • the present invention has been described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Changes and equivalent substitutions.

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Description

用于生物大分子结晶的结晶装置和方法及其应用 技术领域 本发明涉及一种用于生物大分子结晶的装置,以及一种以干燥后的筛选 液作为添加剂来扩散生物大分子溶液的结晶方法及其应用。 背景技术 生物大分子结构的测定, 对理解生物大分子的功能, 与疾病的关系及药 物设计等都有密切的关系。 目前生物大分子结构研究方法中, 以 X-射线晶体 衍射技术为主, 可以用于任何可结晶的生物大分子, 从而使生物大分子结晶 技术成为生物大分子结构研究的重点。 利用 X-射线晶体衍射分析生物大分子结构面临的两个主要困难是: 提 供足够量的生物大分子样品以及获得生长良好的可衍射三维晶体。 前者可通 过发展各种过表达系统加以解决; 后者是获得高分辨率生物大分子晶体结构 的瓶颈。 目前晶体培养已成为晶体结构分析的最关键性问题, 其中筛选合适 的结晶条件是晶体培养中至关重要且耗时的工作。 目前常用的生物大分子结晶方法有悬滴气相扩散法、 坐滴气相扩散法、 油覆 Micro - batch方法等。悬滴气相扩散法是指在涂有密封材料(如凡士林 ) 的玻璃片、 塑料片或专用胶带上滴加待结晶的生物大分子溶液和结晶筛选溶 液等, 并倒扣在含有上述结晶筛选溶液的池液上。 坐滴气相扩散法需要将待 结晶的生物大分子溶液和结晶筛选溶液的混合液滴加在一个结晶单元内, 并 用专用塑料膜或胶带密封。 在美国专利申请 US 6,656,267 B2中描述了一种蛋白质结晶方法。首先, 提供一种包括多个结晶单元的高分子结晶板, 每个结晶单元都包括适合接受 平衡溶液的储液槽, 位于靠近储液槽的支架并且该支架适用于作为至少之一 的样滴支撑区域和用于结晶物质的临时的低温支撑区域, 支架内的样滴储槽 并且适于接受包括结晶物质的样滴; 其次, 将平衡溶液分配到储液槽中; 接 着, 将多个高分子溶液小滴分配到样滴储槽中; 然后, 用覆盖物覆盖结晶单 元; 最后, 通过蒸气扩散结晶可结晶的物质。 图 1和图 2分别描述了悬滴法和坐滴法结晶生物大分子的示意图。 图 1为悬滴法的示意图。储槽中的用于生物大分子结晶筛选的溶液通常 包含緩冲剂或沉淀剂等。 生物大分子溶液的 'j、液滴也包含按一定比例加入的 相同的生物大分子结晶筛选溶液以及待结晶的生物大分子溶液, 使得这些溶 液中的诸如緩冲剂或沉淀剂的浓度低于储槽中的溶液, 在密封后, 使得各单 元内通过储槽的溶液与 '』、液滴两者之间的蒸汽扩散达到进行生物大分子结晶 的动态平衡的内部环境。 图 2为坐滴法的示意图。 在这种方法中, 将生物大分子小液滴置于储槽 溶液上方的支架上, 这与悬滴法是相反的。 随着人们对生物大分子结晶过程 认识的加深以及对各种试剂的大量尝试与组合, 晶体筛选条件日益增多, 以 Hampton公司常用的筛选条件为例, Screen Kit I、 II 及 Index, 共 194个筛 选条件, 其它常用来优化晶体的试剂盒也有几百个条件, 其他公司或实验室 可以提供的常用晶体筛选条件也有几百到上千种。 对每一种蛋白可以进行成 千种条件的筛选, 但大量条件的 "海选" 是以大量时间及试剂的消耗为前提 的, 并且也需要更多的生物大分子样品, 很多情况下大量生物大分子特别是 膜蛋白的生产表达及纯化是非常困难的。 对于大多数实验室, 晶体生长和筛选一般还是由手工操作完成, 费时费 力, 如果进行微量操作结果常常不够准确, 严重影响了结晶实验的可重复性 及目前对于生物大分子结晶高通量、 大规模化的要求。 在生物大分子结晶的初始阶段,关键步骤就是确定适当的沉淀剂及生物 大分子溶液的初始浓度。 原因是沉淀剂 /生物大分子溶液浓度之间的关系对 结晶成功与否有重要影响。 如果两者比值过低, 条件不能形成晶核; 反之比 值过高,条件过饱和则容易出现过多沉淀。 在现有技术的生物大分子结晶方 法中, 釆用的是液-液混和的形式, 这种形式下, 两种溶液混和速度过快, 一 旦浓度过高 ,立刻会出现无定形沉淀而无法确定生物大分子结晶的浓度条件。 发明内容 本发明提供一种用于生物大分子结晶的结晶装置以及将干燥后的筛选 液作为添加剂来扩散生物大分子溶液的结晶方法。 该结晶装置和方法在向结 晶区 i或中滴加筛选液的过程可以由自动化机械或机器人来完成, 速度快, 度高, 筛选的范围广, 干燥后的 "筛选液" 保存时间长, 可以在需要的时候 随时取用。 该结晶装置和方法能够有效的控制生物大分子结晶的速度, 以及 有效的确定生物大分子结晶所需的浓度条件。 才艮据本发明的用于生物大分子结晶的结晶装置,该结晶装置包括至少一 个结晶单元, 该结晶单元包括至少一个滴加池液的池液区域以及至少一个滴 加筛选液(通常为 艮少的量) 和待结晶的生物大分子溶液的结晶区域, 该结 晶区域与该池液区域气体连通, 在至少一个结晶区域内, 留有干燥后的筛选 液的固态物质。 根据本发明的结晶装置, 该结晶装置是结晶板。 根据本发明的结晶装置,该结晶板上具有一个或多个以阵列形式排列的 结晶孔 (凹槽)。 根据本发明的结晶装置, 该结晶板具有以阵列形式排列的数量为 24、 48、 96、 192或 384等的孑 L。 才艮据本发明的结晶装置, 该池液区域和该结晶区域可以重合。 根据本发明的结晶装置, 加入到该结晶区域中的筛选液含有緩冲剂、 沉 淀剂、 去垢剂之一或它们的组合。 根据本发明的结晶装置,该筛选液为置于室温下阴干或于更高温度下烘 焙干燥。 根据本发明的结晶装置,该结晶装置可以是适用于任何可手工或自动化 机械操作的结晶装置。 根据本发明的结晶装置, 该筛选液可以是稀释了的筛选溶液。 根据本发明的结晶装置,该生物大分子溶液可以是稀释了的生物大分子 溶液。 根据本发明的结晶装置, 该结晶装置由封口胶带或封板膜进行密封。 一种用于生物大分子结晶的方法, 包括: a )使用一个或多个结晶单元, 该结晶单元包括至少一个池液区域以 及至少一个结晶区域, 该结晶区域与该池液区域可气体连通, b ) 向该结晶区 i或力 p入筛选液, c)使筛选液干燥, 在该结晶区域留下相应于筛选液化学成分的固态 物质, d ) 向该池液区域力口入池液, e ) 向该结晶区域加入生物大分子溶液, 与筛选液的固态物质混合, f ) 密封该结晶单元, g ) 将该结晶单元置于可控的外部环境下, 使晶体在结晶区域生长。 才艮据本发明的结晶方法, 该池液区域和该结晶区域可以重合。 根据本发明的结晶方法, 加入到该结晶区域中的筛选液含有緩冲剂、 沉 淀剂、 去垢剂之一或它们的组合。 才艮据本发明的结晶方法,该筛选液为置于室温下阴干或更高温度下烘焙 干燥。 根据本发明的结晶方法,该结晶装置可以是任何手工或自动化机械操作 的结晶装置。 根据本发明的结晶方法, 该筛选液可以是稀释了的筛选溶液。 才艮据本发明的结晶方法,该生物大分子溶液可以是稀释了的生物大分子 溶液。 才艮据本发明的结晶装置可以应用在核酸、 蛋白质、 多肽等生物大分子的 结晶中。 才艮据本发明的结晶方法可以应用在核酸、 蛋白质、 多肽等生物大分子的 结晶中。 根据本发明, 由于在结晶区域中的筛选液被干燥, 体积变小, 在加入生 物大分子溶液后总的体积小于现有技术中液-液混和的体积, 所以, 相应的固 -液混和后的局部浓度高于现有技术中液-液混和后的局部浓度, 从而在有限 的结晶区域内扩大了混和后溶液的浓度变化, 也就是扩大了生物大分子结晶 条件的范围, 具有生物大分子溶液浓度低也可结晶的优点。 才艮据本发明, 由于结晶装置可能有多个结晶单元, 可以同时进行几种不 同生物大分子的结晶条件筛选, 减少平均每个生物大分子结晶条件筛选的试 剂及耗材用量, 因而可以降低生物大分子筛选的成本, 根据本发明, 结晶区域内的筛选液被干燥, 这一步骤可以由机械或者机 器人来批量完成。 这样滴定的 选液具有更加精确的浓度以及可重复性好的 优点。 另夕卜, 结晶区域中干燥后的 "筛选液(固态物质)" 保存时间长, 可以 在需要结晶生物大分子时直接取用, 简化了后续实验的操作。 根据本发明, 由于釆用固-液滴定方法, 固态的筛选剂吸收生物大分子 溶液的速度较慢, 固态筛选剂与生物大分子溶液可以緩慢混合, 能够更容易 的确定最适合的结晶条件。 同时避免了现有技术中液-液混和的速度过快或浓 度过大而导致的结晶失败。 筛选液可以是稀释了的, 可以克服某些筛选液的某些困难特性, 如粘稠 性, 使用稀释了的溶液, 使筛选液的高 4青确度的分配成为可能, 并且筛选液 分布的更加均匀。 滴定生物大分子溶液并且与干燥后的 "筛选液" 混合, 总的液体体积大 约等于滴定的生物大分子溶液的体积, 在结晶区域的生物大分子溶液的最终 浓度大约等于最初生物大分子溶液的浓度。 在结晶区域的生物大分子溶液的最终浓度大约等于最初生物大分子溶 液的浓度, 如果该结晶物质的成核反应取决于高浓度的结晶物质, 则出现成 核反应并开始晶体生长。 应该理解,以上的一般性描述和以下的详细描述都是出于列举和说明性 的目的, 是为了对本发明提供进一步的说明, 并不用于限制本发明。 附图说明 构成说明书的附图有助于进一步理解本发明,这些附图图示说明了本发 明的一些实施例, 并可与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理。 图 1示出了现有技术的悬滴法的生物大分子结晶的示意图; 图 2示出了现有技术的坐滴法的生物大分子结晶的示意图; 图 3为才艮据本发明的一具体实施方式使用的结晶板的立体图; 图 4示出了生物大分子溶液浓度与筛选溶液浓度的曲面关系图; 图 5示出了蛋白质结晶的一些可能出现的结果; 图 6示出了本发明的实施例所得到的实物图; 图 7a-7b示出了本发明另一实施例所得到的实物图。 具体实施方式 才艮据本发明的一具体实施方式,选定一种用于高通量生物大分子结晶的 结晶板, 包括结晶板主体部分 10 , 以及在结晶板主体上以 6x8阵列形式分布 的结晶单元 20 , 其中, 每个结晶单元 20具有两个结晶区域 210和一个池液 区域 220 , 在每排结晶单元 20之间有隔断 240 , 以利于实验项目较少时, 单 独密封每排结晶单元。 将适当体积筛选液加入到结晶区域 210中; 将筛选液 干燥处理, 在结晶区域 210内留有对应于所述筛选液的固态物质; 向池液区 i或 220内力口入池液; 向结晶区 i或 210中加入适量待结晶的生物大分子溶液; 利用封口带或封板膜覆盖在结晶板主体 10上, 将在结晶板主体 10上以阵列 形式分布的每一结晶单元 20密^ h 从而在每一结晶单元 20内部形成维持生 物大分子结晶的动态平衡环境; 将结晶板置于生物大分子结晶的温度下进行 结晶。 在本发明的另一个实施例中,使用的结晶板为 8x12的阵列形式分布的。 在本发明的其它具体实施方式中,选用了其它形式阵列分布的适用于生 物大分子结晶的结晶装置。 在本发明的另一个实施例中 , 池液区域和结晶区域重合。 在本发明的另一个实施例中 , 池液与筛选液相同。 在本发明的另一个实施例中 , 加入到结晶区域中的筛选液含有緩冲剂、 沉淀剂、 去垢剂或它们的组合。 在本发明的另一个实施例中 ,干燥方法为置于室温下阴干或更高温度下 烘焙干燥。 在本发明的另一个实施例中 ,结晶装置可以是任何用于高通量方法的或 可手工或机械滴定的结晶装置。 在本发明的另一个实施例中 ,向结晶装置滴定筛选液或池液并干燥的过 程可以由人工、 机械或自动^^机器人中的至少一种来完成。 在本发明的另一个实施例中, 筛选液是稀释了的溶液。 在本发明的另一个实施例中, 生物大分子溶液是稀释了的溶液。 在本发明的另一个实施例中, 结晶装置由封口带或封板膜进行密封。 在本发明的另一个实施例中,生物大分子结晶过程或结果由自动化的晶 体生长观测系统、 照相机、 摄像机或人工观测中的至少一种进行监测。 在本发明的另一个实施例中,本发明的生物大分子结晶方法用于核酸的 结晶。 在本发明的另一个实施例中, 本发明的方法用于多肽的结晶。 应当理解, 上面的一^:性描述和后面的详细描述都是例示性和说明性 的, 目的在于提供对所要求保护的本发明的进一步解释。 实施例 1 选用如图 3所示的的结晶板, 该结晶板具有 6x8 阵列分布的结晶单元 20, 每个结晶单元 20具有两个滴定区 i或 210和一个池液区 i或 220。 向每个结 晶单元 20的一个滴定区域 210 中加入筛选液然后将结晶板置于室温下自然 阴干, 即对筛选液进行干燥处理。 干燥后的滴定区域 210中留有对应于筛选 液成分的固态物质。 向每个结晶单元 20 中的另一个滴定区域 210 中再次加 入对应于前一次操作中相同的筛选液, 但是并不需要进行干燥处理。 向该结 晶单元 20的池液区域 220内也力口入相同浓度但 50倍量的筛选液。 向结晶单元中的结晶区域 210中加入待结晶的蛋白质溶液 HutG, 然后 密封, 室温下对比观察两结晶板出现蛋白质结晶的情况。 试验结果成像由人 工完成。 表 1详细记录了每个结晶区域 210中结晶的生长情况, 表 2给出了 对应于图 6中实物照片所记录的结晶区域中的筛选液名称。 蛋白质溶液名称: HutG 20 mg/ml 蛋白质溶液浓度和用量 (干燥) : 2.0 μΐ, 1/2浓度 蛋白质溶液浓度和用量 (未干燥) : 1.0 μΐ, 1/1 浓度 筛选液名称:晶体筛选液 II
筛选液浓度和用量 (干燥) : 3.0 μΐ 1/5 浓度
筛选液浓度和用量 (未干燥) : Ι.Ο μΙ 1/1 浓度
成像区间: 3min,15 min, 3h, 27h, 52h, 88h, 143h
表 1
Figure imgf000010_0001
X =晶体, C =无反应, P = 沉淀, M = 浑浊 (非透明) 才艮据表 1 中试验记录, 可以观察到, 并不是所有的条件都适合固 -液方 法的结晶, 但是通过本发明的方法, 使得部分原来不可结晶的蛋白质溶液出 现了结晶。 表 2 筛选液成分
Figure imgf000011_0001
图 6为实验结果较清晰的实物图, 通过比较可以发现
A2结晶区域中, 才艮据本发明的固 -液方法未出现结晶, 而釆用传统的液 -液方法结晶的结晶区域中出现了明显的结晶。
C4 结晶区域中, 根据本发明的固 -液方法出现结晶, 而釆用传统的液- 液方法结晶的结晶区域中也出现了明显的结晶。
D2 结晶区域中, 根据本发明的固 -液方法出现结晶, 而釆用传统的液- 液方法结晶的结晶区域中未出现结晶。 F2结晶区域中, 根据本发明的固-液方法出现少量结晶, 而釆用传统的 液 -液方法结晶的结晶区域中出现了明显的浑浊。
G5 结晶区域中, 根据本发明的固 -液方法出现结晶, 而釆用传统的液- 液方法结晶的结晶区域中出现了明显的浑浊。 由图 6的实验结果可以看出,才艮据本发明的方法能够弥补部分不能产生 蛋白质结晶的传统液-液方法的不足, 在材料相同、 浓度和体积都相同的情况 下, 达到传统方法所不能实现的效果。 实施例 2 选用了池液区域和结晶区域重合的 6x8阵列形式分布的结晶板。 筛选液:
A行: 6 % NaCl, 0.1 M NaAc-HCl H 4.5 B行: 7.5 % NaCl, 0.1 M NaAc-HCl pH 4.5 C行: 9 % NaCl , 0.1 M NaAc-HCl pH 4.5
D行: 0.02 M 二水合氯化钙, 0.1 M 三水合醋酸钠 H 4.6, 30 % v/v ( +/- ) -2-曱基 -2,4-戊二醇
E行: 0.2 M 单水合石克酸锂, 0.1 M 三羟曱基氨基曱烷盐酸盐 pH 8.5 , 30 % w/v 聚乙二醇 4000
F行: 1.0 M Na/K 酒石酸盐, 0.1 M 4-羟乙基旅 乙石黄酸钠 pH 7.5
G行: 1.5 M 曱酸钠, 醋酸钠 H 4.6 H行: 1.0 M 4宁檬酸钠, 4-羟乙基旅"秦乙横酸钠 pH 7.5 结晶过程 预干燥: 向每个结晶区域 20中对应的加入 1 ^啟升的筛选液, 将整个结晶板在室 温 (25。C ) 下放置 4天。 蛋白质溶液: 每 20 mM Tris-HCl中 20mg/ml Lyzosyme溶液( H 7.5 )和 lOOmM NaCl、 緩冲剂一起配置成原液, 并在 4度以上保存。 在结晶之前, 由原液与微孔过 滤水';昆合为 lmg/ml、 3mg/mK 5mg/mK 7mg/mK 9mg/ml和 lOmg/ml的';昆合 液。 混合液在 4度的温度下稳定 5分钟。 结晶记录: 在室温下使用 8道滴管, 向每个结晶区域 20加入 1微升筛选液。 使用 多管的 Plus滴定仪分别将 2 升 lmg/mK 3mg/mK 5mg/ml、 7mg/mK 9mg/ml 和 lOmg/ml的蛋白质溶液按照 1-6列的顺序加入到结晶区域 20中。在滴定完 成后立刻密 4†。 然后在室温环境下保存滴定板。 图像釆集 使用 XtalQuest XtalFinder 图像系统原型, 参考结晶的时间, 图像在室 温下以下列的时间段进行釆集: 45秒; 5-15分钟; 1天 5小时; 3天 14小时; 5天 21小时; 8天 16小时; 11天 21小时。 以 125 米的距离拍摄每个结晶 区域的图像。 结果 选择出清晰的 Al、 A4、 B2、 C3、 C6、 D2、 E6、 Fl、 F5、 G4、 H3和 H5 的成像结果列在图 8a-b 中作为参考。 由图 8可以看出, A4、 C3、 D2、 G4、 H5未出现反应; Al、 B2、 C6、 E6、 Fl、 F5、 H3中出现晶体, 并随着 时间的延长而生长。 由实施例 2可以看出, 当结晶单元中的结晶区域和池液区域重合时, 同 样可以才艮据本发明的生物大分子结晶方法得到结晶。 尽管结合上述实施例已经对本发明进行了描述, 然而, 应该理解, 本发 明并不限于所公开的示例性实施例, 相反, 本发明旨在覆盖包括在所附权利 要求的精神和范围内的各种变化和等同替换。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种用于生物大分子结晶的结晶装置, 所述结晶装置包括至少一个结 晶单元, 所述结晶单元包括至少一个滴加池液的池液区域以及至少一 个滴加筛选液和待结晶的生物大分子溶液的结晶区域, 所述结晶区域 与所述池液区域气体连通, 其特征在于, 在所述至少一个结晶区域内, 具有干燥后的筛选液的固态物质。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述结晶装置是结晶 板。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述结晶板上具有一 个或多个以阵列形式排列的结晶孔 (凹槽)。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述结晶板具有以阵 列形式排列的数量为 24、 48、 96、 192或 384等的孑 L。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其中, 所述池液区域和所述结晶区 域可以重合。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 加入到所述结晶区域 中的筛选液含有緩冲剂、 沉淀剂、 去垢剂之一或它们的组合。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述筛选液为置于室 温下阴干或于更高温度下烘焙干燥。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述结晶装置可以是 适用于任何可手工或自动化机械操作的结晶装置。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述筛选液可以是稀 释了的筛选溶液。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述生物大分子溶液 可以是稀释了的生物大分子溶液。
11. 根据权利要求 1所述的结晶装置, 其特征在于, 所述结晶装置由封口 胶带或封板膜进行密封。
12. 一种用于生物大分子结晶的方法, 包括:
a ) 使用一个或多个结晶单元, 所述结晶单元包括至少一个池液区 域以及至少一个结晶区域, 所述结晶区域与所述池液区域可气体连通, b ) 向所述结晶区域加入筛选液,
c)使所述筛选液干燥, 在所述结晶区域留下相应于所述筛选液化学 成分的固态物质,
d ) 向所述池液区域力口入池液,
e ) 向所述结晶区域加入生物大分子溶液, 与所述筛选液的固态物 质混合,
f ) 密封所述结晶单元,
g ) 将结晶单元置于可控的外部环境下, 使晶体在所述结晶区域生 长。
13. 才艮据权利要求 12所述的结晶方法, 其中, 所述池液区域和所述结晶区 域可以重合。
14. 根据权利要求 12所述的结晶方法, 其特征在于, 加入到所述结晶区域 中的筛选液含有緩冲剂、 沉淀剂、 去垢剂之一或它们的组合。
15. 才艮据权利要求 12所述的结晶方法, 其特征在于, 所述筛选液为置于室 温下阴干或更高温度下烘焙干燥。
16. 根据权利要求 12所述的结晶方法, 其特征在于, 所述结晶装置可以是 任何手工或自动化机械操作的结晶装置。
17. 根据权利要求 12所述的结晶方法, 其特征在于, 所述筛选液可以是稀 释了的筛选溶液。
18. 根据权利要求 12所述的结晶方法, 其特征在于, 所述生物大分子溶液 可以是稀释了的生物大分子溶液。
19. 根据权利要求 1到 11中任一项所述的结晶装置在核酸、 蛋白质、 多肽 等生物大分子结晶中的应用。 根据权利要求 12到 18中任一项所述的结晶方法在核酸、 蛋白质、 多 肽等生物大分子结晶中的应用。
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