WO2010071116A1 - 有機製品の焼却処分システム - Google Patents
有機製品の焼却処分システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010071116A1 WO2010071116A1 PCT/JP2009/070851 JP2009070851W WO2010071116A1 WO 2010071116 A1 WO2010071116 A1 WO 2010071116A1 JP 2009070851 W JP2009070851 W JP 2009070851W WO 2010071116 A1 WO2010071116 A1 WO 2010071116A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- product
- user
- organic
- incineration
- disposal system
- Prior art date
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 4
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
- G06Q30/0207—Discounts or incentives, e.g. coupons or rebates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/80—Management or planning
- Y02P90/84—Greenhouse gas [GHG] management systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/80—Management or planning
- Y02P90/84—Greenhouse gas [GHG] management systems
- Y02P90/845—Inventory and reporting systems for greenhouse gases [GHG]
Definitions
- the present invention aims to reduce the global warming gas released into the atmosphere when used products are incinerated, and in particular, organic products for promoting the use of products with a high blending amount of biomass-derived components Concerning incineration system.
- Non-Patent Document 1 An international framework that mandates specific reductions by ratifying countries with the aim of reducing the amount of greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) that cause global warming into the atmosphere.
- the Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005.
- the Kyoto Protocol allows for emissions trading between countries to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets. Similar to this, in Japan, businesses calculate and report their own greenhouse gas emissions, and on the basis of this, they receive emission allowances from the country. Development of a domestic emission trading system that enables trading between companies as (emission credit) is underway (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- biomass biological resources
- the biomass refers to an organic resource that can be regenerated among animals and plants that use solar energy to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and grow by photosynthesis.
- industrial products made of biomass are said to be carbon neutral (carbon-free, carbon offset) because they do not contribute to an increase in CO2 concentration even if carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by incineration.
- the present invention urges the aggressiveness of development and use of biomass-derived products, and also reduces the amount of waste discarded as garbage, and reduces greenhouse gases released to the environment. It aims to provide an incineration system for organic products. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from garbage disposal in general households without concentrating the cost burden on specific departments of product production, sales, consumption, and disposal, and without exerting force. It aims to provide an incineration system for organic products.
- the figure of the user list which shows a user's personal information and its registration point.
- the figure of the time chart which shows the procedure of the incineration disposal system of the organic product which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- the whole block diagram which shows the incineration disposal system of the organic product which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- the perspective view which shows the Example of the organic product (plastic bag, the garbage collection bag to be reused) utilized in 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- the time chart which shows the procedure of the incineration disposal system of the organic product which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- a system 10A according to the first embodiment includes an authentication organization R that manages a registration unit 11 connected to a communication network N, a manufacturer M that manufactures an organic product 50, and the organic product 50. This is realized by cooperation between the store 20 provided to the user 30 and the incineration site 40 where the organic product 50 used and discarded by the user 30 is collected and incinerated.
- the incinerator 40 (40a, 40b, 40c) incinerates the combustible waste discharged by the local residents 30 (30a, 30b, 30c) in the areas A, B, and C that each has jurisdiction over.
- the stores 20 (20a, 20b, 20c) are classified according to the respective areas A, B, and C, and each is described in the drawing, but the number is not limited. Sex is unnecessary.
- An organic product 50 sold (distributed) at a certain store 20 (for example, store 20a) is purchased (provided) by the user 30 (30a) in the area (area A), and the incinerator 40 having jurisdiction over the area. It shall be disposed of at (40a).
- Such an organic product 50 is not intended for all commodities, but examples thereof include a shopping bag or a garbage collection bag distributed when the commodities to be purchased are settled (see FIG. 2).
- the store 20 (20a, 20b, 20c) is a store that sells handled products to visitors, and a plurality of processing terminals 21 (registers) that perform settlement processing of purchased products are arranged. These processing terminals 21 can connect to the communication network N via a router (not shown) provided in the store 20 and exchange various information (data) with the registration unit 11.
- the communication network N may use a dedicated line or use the Internet.
- the processing terminal 21 can read the user ID 32 of the point card 31 (FIG. 3) by the attached reading terminal 22 to identify the user 30 and execute a product clearing process. Further, the processing terminal 21 reads the product ID 51 of the shopping bag 50 (FIG. 2; organic product 50) distributed for take-out of the product purchased by the user 30 with the reading terminal 22, and stores the code data in the registration means 11. Can be sent. In other words, among the shopping bags 50 having various attributes such as type, size, manufacturer, etc., which attribute (see FIG. 4A as appropriate) has been distributed, and how many more are distributed to the user 30. The information about whether or not it is done is transmitted to the certification authority R.
- the registration means 11 registers the emission reduction amount corresponding to the product ID 51 in association with the incineration site 40 (incineration site ID) where the shopping bag 50 is collected and incinerated.
- the emission reduction amount registered in association with this incineration site ID can then be freely transferred and traded as an emission right.
- the reading terminal 22 reads the product ID 51 attached to the organic product 50 and distributes the emission reduction amount when the shopping bag 50 is incinerated as an emission right.
- a printing code 51 (product ID 51) read by the reading terminal 22 is printed on the shopping bag 50 (organic product 50).
- This product ID 51 is not limited to the illustrated barcode, but may be a two-dimensional code (for example, QR code), and the organic product 50 is not limited to a plastic bag (or a garbage collection bag). It may be recorded by a wireless chip (for example, RFID) or a magnetic detection code.
- the attributes of the shopping bag 50 distributed to the user 30 can be grasped (see FIG. 4A), and the discharge right associated with the shopping bag 50 is separated. Can be distributed independently. That is, even if the organic product 50 is incinerated and emits CO2, the CO2 emission generated by burning the petroleum-derived component converted into the equivalent amount of the biomass-derived component is reduced by the above-described concept of carbon offset. Become. Further, this CO 2 emission reduction amount can be regarded as an emission right that can be distributed independently without being exhausted even if the shopping bag 50 is incinerated.
- This plastic bag 50 (organic product) is formed by laminating a composite resin film formed by blending a biomass-derived component with a synthetic resin into a bag shape, and stores the product from the store 20 and takes it home. After that, it can be reused as a garbage collection bag. For this reason, a mark 52 is printed on the plastic bag 50 as necessary, so that it can be visually confirmed that it is a designated garbage collection bag for a garbage collection company.
- FIG. 4A is an information list of shopping bags 50 that are certified by the certification authority R and registered in the registration means 11.
- the biomass-derived component blended in the plastic bag 50 is preferably starch derived from rice, and it is appropriate from the gist of the invention to use old rice or contaminated rice that is no longer suitable for food.
- the synthetic resin and starch have low affinity, it is desirable to blend a carboxylic acid-based compatibilizer (surfactant).
- a polyolefin-based resin is preferable, and high-density polyethylene is particularly preferable.
- the manufacturing method of such a composite resin film is as follows, for example. First, the wet raw rice is kneaded with an extruder at a set temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. together with polyethylene pellets. The polyethylene then melts and the raw rice becomes pasty starch. Further, by adding the action of the compatibilizer described above, a homogeneous starch-polyethylene composite resin is produced by finely mixing at the molecular level. When this starch-polyethylene composite resin is stretched and formed into a film, mechanical properties comparable to those of a 100% polyethylene film are obtained.
- the biomass-derived component (starch) blended in this composite resin is preferable because the higher the ratio, the higher the emission credit point is set. It is required to be included in the range of ⁇ 80% by weight.
- the registration means 11 (FIG. 1) is connected to the communication network N via a router (not shown) arranged in the certification authority R, and registers the information list (FIG. 4 (a)) of the organic product 50. . That is, the registration means 11 regards the carbon dioxide emission generated by burning the petroleum-derived component converted into the equivalent amount of the biomass-derived component contained in the shopping bag 50 (organic product 50) as the emission reduction amount. The quantity is registered in association with the print code 51 (product ID 51) of the shopping bag 50.
- the registration means 11 also registers the store ID (not shown) of the store 20 that uses the system 10A and the incineration site ID (not shown) of the incineration site 40 that collects and incinerates the shopping bag 50 distributed by the store 20. is doing.
- the registration means 11 processes the shopping bag 50 at the reading terminal 22 in the store 20
- the registration means 11 acquires the corresponding store ID and product ID 51 via the communication network N, and sets the emission reduction amount in the corresponding shopping bag 50 as the incineration site ID. Register in association.
- the incinerator 40 (40a, 40b, 40c) to which the emission right generated from the distributed shopping bag 50 belongs is associated in advance with either the store ID or the product ID.
- the store 20 (20 a, 20 b, 20 c) sets the plastic bag 50 on which the printing code 51 that can identify each of the areas A, B, C is printed on the manufacturer M Need to be procured from.
- the point card 31 shown in FIG. 3 is presented to the operator of the processing terminal 21 (register) and read the user ID 32 during the product clearing process in the store 20, thereby reading the user 30 (30 a, 30 b, 30 c). It is for personal authentication.
- the CO2 emission right associated with the shopping bag 50 is primarily transferred to the incinerator 40 where the shopping bag 50 is incinerated. Therefore, it is devoted to waste disposal costs.
- a part of the profit of the emission right is returned to the user 30 to promote the use of the product containing the biomass-derived component. For this reason, it is assumed that the user 30 can acquire points corresponding to the received CO2 emission reduction amount of the shopping bag 50 in association with the user ID 32 of the point card 31.
- the point card 31 can be issued by 30 users applying to the respective stores 20 (20a, 20b, 20c), and not only handles the CO2 emission points targeted by the present invention, but also stores. It may be used in combination with the usual shopping point card at 20.
- FIG. 4B is a user list showing the personal information of the user 30 and the acquired points.
- the registration of this user list may be managed by the registration means 11 so that it can be developed at all the stores 20 participating in the system 10. It may be managed by a separate server (not shown) connected to the network N.
- the normal point Y associated with the user ID 32 is electronically stored and registered.
- the user can also suspend distribution of the shopping bag 50.
- the processing terminal 21 acquires distribution information indicating that distribution of the shopping bag 50 has been suspended, the bonus point X is associated with the user ID 32 of the user and registered in the registration means 11 as shown in FIG. Stored and registered electronically.
- the bonus points X can be distributed together to receive a large-capacity garbage collection bag (plastic bag 50).
- the total of the bonus points X and the normal points Y becomes the accumulated points that can be used by the corresponding user ID 32.
- the settlement process for returning the accumulated points can be executed by the processing terminal 21. In other words, it is possible to make a settlement at a registration point instead of cash payment.
- a browser that can connect the information list (FIG. 4A) and the user list (FIG. 4B) of the organic product 50 to a communication network N such as a personal computer, a mobile phone, or a portable game machine. (Omitted).
- a communication network N such as a personal computer, a mobile phone, or a portable game machine.
- the user 30 can confirm the possession amount of the CO2 emission right possessed by himself / herself, can feel that he / she contributes to environmental conservation, and further incentives for using the system 10 work.
- the certification body R that operates the system 10 is generally operated by the government, but it is also conceivable that the private sector operates part or all of it.
- the certification body R issues an incineration site ID of the incineration site 40 (40a, 40b, 40c) for incineration of combustible waste (S11), and certifies the areas A, B, and C under its jurisdiction (S12). .
- the manufacturer M develops and manufactures the organic product 50 containing biomass-derived components (S13), and applies for registration to the certification authority R to be employed in the system 10A (S14).
- the certification authority R that has received the registration application has no problem with the attribute information shown in the submitted information list (Fig. 4 (a)) and the desired properties (tensile strength, tear strength, texture, etc.).
- a product ID corresponding to the organic product 50 is issued (S15), and at least the emission reduction amount is registered in the registration means 11 (S16).
- the blending ratio of biomass in the shopping bag 50 and desired general properties are in a trade-off relationship, and the higher the blending ratio of biomass, the greater the emission reduction amount.
- R is considered to actively adopt such a shopping bag 50. For this reason, maker M is expected to create a new industry by incentive to develop plastic shopping bags 50 having a high biomass blending ratio and excellent quality.
- the store 20 applies to the certification authority R to join the system 10A (S17), and receives a store ID (S18). Then, the store 20 procures the shopping bag 50 from the certification authority R or the manufacturer M (S19).
- the user 30 applies for the point card 31 to the store 20 (S20) and receives the issuance (S21).
- the user 30 makes a purchase at the store 20 (S22)
- the product is brought to the processing terminal 21 (register), and payment for the product and distribution of the shopping bag 50 are received (S23).
- the operator of the processing terminal 21 sends the product ID of the shopping bag 50 read by the reading terminal 22 to the registration means 11 via the communication network N together with information on the number of distributions (S24).
- the certification authority R receives the store ID and the product ID at the same time (S25), detects the emission reduction amount referred to from the information list (FIG. 4A) (S26), and corresponds to the incinerator. Associate with ID (S27).
- the shopping bag 50 is used (S32), discarded (S33), collected (34), and incinerated (S35) in each of the areas A, B, and C to which most of the bags are distributed.
- S35 To (S35) is a very short period. For this reason, even if it is considered that only the CO2 emission right associated with the incineration of the organic product 50 remains in the corresponding incinerator 40 at the time of distribution (settlement) in the store 20 (S23), It can be said that the timing and quantitative errors related to the generation of rights are negligible.
- the user 30 when the user 30 presents the point card 31 at the same time when the product is settled at the processing terminal 21 (register) (S28), the user ID 32 is read by the reading terminal 22 (S29), and the emission reduction amount (S30, S31) is associated with this user ID 32.
- the user 30 can suspend distribution of the shopping bag 50 (S23, S24; skip), and further accumulate bonus points X to collect points. As a result, an incentive works to bring back the purchased product by bringing my bag to the store 20.
- the user can redeem all or a part of the accumulated points for clearing processing, and in addition, use it as a garbage collection bag 50 in exchange for a large-capacity plastic shopping bag 50 can do. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the use of the small-capacity plastic shopping bag 50 having a small utility value as the garbage collection bag 50 and contribute to the conservation of the global environment.
- This system 10B is configured such that the registration means 11 and the store 20 (20A, 20B, 20C) having the function of a separate emission transfer mechanism transmit information data to each other via the communication network N. Further, the registration unit 11 and the settlement unit 60 are similarly configured to transmit information data to each other. 6 that are the same as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description is omitted.
- the merit of reading the print code 51 by the reading terminal 22 is that the attribute information (see FIG. 4A) of the plastic bag 50 is variously registered in the registration means 11 by the manufacturer. Then, the store 20 does not need to input this attribute information. Thereby, even if it is a case where the kind of shopping bag 50 to employ
- FIG. 4A the attribute information of the plastic bag 50 is variously registered in the registration means 11 by the manufacturer.
- the specifying means 14 may be attached to the processing terminal 21 to automatically acquire distribution information of the shopping bag 50 distributed from the result of the product clearing process. That is, when the purchased product is confirmed, the type and the number of shopping bags 50 to be distributed are also specified.
- the merit of providing the specifying means 14 is that the operator man-hour of the processing terminal 21 can be reduced, and the shopping bag 50 to be distributed without depending on the operator is determined. In particular, it is possible to give points for CO2 emission rights (see FIG. 4A). As a result, in order to simply obtain the CO2 emission right, a large amount of distribution of the shopping bag 50 is requested to the operator unnecessarily, and the act of the user who abuses the system / system is prevented.
- the registration means 11 is connected to the communication network N via an interface (not shown), and the corresponding discharge right point (see FIG. 4A) based on the distribution information of the shopping bag 50 acquired by the processing terminal 21 (register) of the store 20. ) Are accumulated in association with the user ID of the user (see FIG. 4B).
- the point card 31 is first presented to the operator of the processing terminal 21 (register) and the user ID is read during the product clearing process. Then, the operator performs a checkout process for the merchandise and distributes shopping bags 50 necessary for accommodating the merchandise to the user (purchaser). As the shopping bag 50 is distributed to the user, the CO2 emission right of the shopping bag 50 is also transferred to the user. Of these CO2 emission rights, those derived from biomass-derived components are not exhausted even if the shopping bag 50 is incinerated according to the concept of carbon offset. Therefore, the user receives distribution of the shopping bag 50 corresponding to the distribution information of FIG. 4A, and at the same time obtains a transferable emission credit point by converting the CO2 emission amount derived from biomass into points. The obtained emission credit points are stored and stored electronically in the registration means 11 as normal points Y in association with the user ID of the user as shown in FIG.
- the user can also suspend distribution of the shopping bag 50.
- the petroleum-derived components contained in the plastic bag 50 and the emission credit points generated at the manufacturing stage of the plastic bag 50 are also obtained.
- the processing terminal 21 obtains distribution information indicating that distribution of the shopping bag 50 has been suspended, the bonus point X is associated with the user ID of the user as shown in FIG. Stored and stored electronically.
- the bonus points X can be distributed together to receive a large-capacity garbage collection bag (plastic bag 50).
- the total of the bonus points X and the normal points Y becomes the accumulated points that can be used by the corresponding user ID.
- the accumulated points accumulated in the registration means 11 can be executed in the processing terminal 21 when the user purchases a product, and the settlement process for returning the accumulated points is performed. In other words, cash payments can be discounted using accumulated points.
- the browser 35 is an Internet terminal that can be connected to a communication network N such as a personal computer, a mobile phone, or a portable game machine. Then, the browser 35 accesses the registration means 11, browses the information list of the shopping bag 50 (see FIG. 4A), or the user list (see FIG. 4B) whose access is restricted by setting a password. Among them, the accumulated points of a predetermined user ID are browsed. Thereby, the user of the system 10 can confirm the possessed amount of the CO2 emission right that he / she owns and can feel that he / she contributes to environmental conservation, and an incentive for further contribution works.
- a communication network N such as a personal computer, a mobile phone, or a portable game machine.
- the settlement means 60 is connected to the communication network N via an interface (not shown), accesses the registration means 11, and withdraws the burden charged for the disposal of trash from the accumulation point to be settled. Specifically, bulk trash, home appliances, etc. are generally paid for collection, but the recovery person visits the user's home and uses the point card 31 (FIG. 3) with the mobile payment means 60 he brought. The user ID can be read and settled. In addition, the user can carry out settlement processing by bringing garbage into the disposal site. As a result, for the user, the burden of garbage disposal can be covered by the CO2 emission rights that are owned, and monetary expenditure can be suppressed.
- the receipt tag delivery means 61 delivers a receipt tag 53 (see FIG. 7) in accordance with the withdrawal by the settlement means 60.
- the settlement means 60 and the receipt tag issuing means 61 take an embodiment like a vending machine arranged in the store of the store 20 or in an arbitrary facility.
- the receipt tag 53 indicates that the garbage collection cost has been borne by being attached to the garbage collection bag 20, and as an embodiment, a visually identifiable sticker or an electronically readable tag Can be employed.
- the procedure of the system 10B will be described with reference to the time chart shown in FIG.
- the organization (trash disposal organization) that operates the system 10B is generally operated by the government, but the private sector may operate part or all of it.
- the garbage disposal organization designates a shopping bag 50 (trash collection bag) to be adopted in the system 10B (St11).
- the manufacturer of the shopping bag 50 submits a report of the attribute information shown in FIG. 4A and the test results of the desired properties (tensile strength, tear strength, texture, etc.) for confirmation inspection. Do what you pass.
- the store 20 procures the shopping bag 50 from the manufacturer or the store thereof at appropriate times (periodically) (St12).
- St12 the store 20 can obtain the plastic bag 50 according to the market principle.
- new entry into the manufacture of plastic bags 50 with excellent quality is promoted, and the creation of new industries can be expected.
- the manufacturer of the plastic bag 50 will be incentive to develop the plastic bag 50 having a high biomass blending ratio and excellent characteristics that the user is pleased with.
- the point card 31 (FIG. 3) is issued by the store 20 that has been approved by the garbage disposal organization upon user application (St13, St14, St15).
- the emission right point (see FIG. 4A) corresponding to this distribution information (product ID and number of distribution) is added as a normal point Y (FIG. 4B) (St25; No ⁇ St27).
- the user can also suspend distribution of this shopping bag 50 (St25; Yes).
- bonus points X are further added (St26).
- an incentive works to bring back the purchased product by bringing my bag to the store 20.
- the user can receive a discount in the clearing process by reducing all or part of the accumulated points (St31) in the next purchase of the product (St30).
- the user can spend the remaining points for payment for the next product purchase even if the points are consumed in the disposal of the trash as will be described later.
- the user will further bring in my bag and refrain from distributing plastic shopping bags 50, cooperate in volume reduction, recycling, and separation, Incentives to reduce the cost of collecting and disposing of garbage will work.
- the store 20 can acquire a CO2 emission right according to the points returned from the user (St32). That is, the CO2 emission right possessed by the user is returned to the store 20.
- the store 20 can use the CO2 emission rights collected in this way as an emission allowance that can be traded in the market. Specifically, it is possible to purchase plastic bags 50, which are expensive at market prices, at low cost, to pay for taxes such as environmental taxes that are being considered for future introduction, and to reduce costs at garbage disposal agencies. It is possible to receive a refund.
- the user can receive a large-capacity garbage collection bag 20 free of charge by collecting bonus points X (FIG. 4B). That is, the point card 31 is presented (St41), the user ID is read by the processing terminal 21 (register) of the store 20 (St42), and the points corresponding to the size of the garbage collection bag 20 are accumulated points (FIG. 4 ( By subtracting from b)) (St44), only the distribution of the large-capacity shopping bag 50 can be received from the operator (St43). As a result, it is possible to reduce the use of a small-capacity plastic shopping bag 50 that has little utility value as the garbage collection bag 20.
- the incineration disposal system for organic products is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the emission reduction amount of carbon dioxide corresponding to the biomass-derived component contained in the organic product is attached to the organic product as an emission right, and when the user discards the organic product and disposes it at the incineration site, the emission right Applicable if it becomes available for distribution and is transferred to an incinerator.
- the organic product is a garbage collection bag designated by the local government
- the product ID associated with the emission reduction amount due to the biomass-derived component contained is displayed on this garbage collection bag, and this is displayed on the plastic bag distributed at stores such as supermarkets.
- the use of garbage collection bags includes the case where the emission credits attached to the garbage collection bags (plastic bags) are transferred to local incineration facilities during incineration.
- the garbage collection bag includes cases where the emission credits attached to the garbage collection bags (plastic bags) are used as points that can be separated and transferred / stored. Further, in the embodiment, the garbage collection bag is described as being placed in a store and provided instead of being used as a plastic bag or deferring the distribution of the plastic bag. Also included in the case of
- organic products that can be handled in the present invention are all those that are incinerated within a short period of time after being provided to the user. Is the target. Specific examples include food packaging packs and food trays.
- a biomass-derived component to be included in this organic product a starchy one is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and others include woody, herbaceous, chitin / chitosan, shellfish, etc. It is done.
- not all such organic products are finally incinerated, but may be landfilled or recycled. For this reason, the amount of CO2 gas reduction achieved by the implementation of the present invention should be examined in consideration of the ratio of the amount of incineration disposal to the amount of organic product provided.
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Abstract
Description
この京都議定書においては、温室効果ガスの削減目標を達成するために、国家間での排出量取引を認めている。
これに倣って国内においても、事業者が、自らの温室効果ガスの排出量を算定・報告し、これに基づき国から排出枠の付与を受け、排出量を削減して余った排出枠を商品(排出権)として事業者間で売買することを可能にする、国内排出量取引制度の整備が進められている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
そして、このレジ袋は、耐水性、耐薬品性、機械的強度に優れるために、使用後は、家庭から排出したゴミの収集袋として再利用されるケースが多い。
一方、環境保護の観点から、マイバック運動を促進したりレジ袋を有料化したりして、この使い捨てのポリエチレン製のレジ袋の使用を差し控えようとする運動が高揚している。
環境省ホームページ「『自主参加型国内排出量取引制度』について」 農林水産省ホームページ「『バイオマス・ニッポン総合戦略』について」
<発明が解決しようとする課題>
しかし、整備が進められている国内排出量取引制度は、主に産業部門を対象とするものであって、その他の特に家庭部門における削減目標の達成には懐疑的である。この家庭部門における削減目標については、地方自治体や地域レベルでの取り組みがなされているが、目標を達成するのにかかる負担が、商品の生産、販売、消費、処分の流通ルートの特定部分に集中する施策が多いために成果があがっていない。
また石油由来製品からバイオマス由来製品への代替は、コストアップ要因に阻まれて進捗が遅れているのが実情である。さらに、バイオマス由来成分の配合比率の高い製品を使用(又は製造)する直接的なユーザメリットが希薄であるために、バイオマス由来の新製品を開発する積極性に欠ける問題がある。
またレジ袋の使用削減についても、利便性を求める消費者の意向に逆行する強制力を伴うために進捗が困難であるのが実情である。
さらに、商品の生産、販売、消費、処分の特定部署にコストの負担を集中させることなく、また強制力を発揮させることなく、一般家庭のゴミ処分に伴う二酸化炭素の排出を削減することができる有機製品の焼却処分システムを提供することを目的とする。
以下本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
図1から図5を参照して第1実施形態に係る有機製品の焼却処分システム10A(以下、単にシステム10Aと記載する)について説明する。
図1に示されるように第1実施形態に係るシステム10Aは、通信ネットワークNに接続される登録手段11を管理する認証機関Rと、有機製品50を製造するメーカMと、この有機製品50をユーザ30に提供する店舗20と、このユーザ30が使用して廃棄した有機製品50を回収し焼却処分する焼却場40と、の連携により実現される。
店舗20(20a,20b,20c)は、各区域A,B,C毎に分類され、図面では各一つ記載されているが数に限定はなく、またそれらの間に業種や経営上の関連性は不必要である。
また、ある店舗20(例えば店舗20a)で販売(配布)された有機製品50は、その区域内(区域A)のユーザ30(30a)に購入(提供)され、その区域を管轄する焼却場40(40a)で処分されるものとする。
そのような有機製品50は、全ての商品が対象となるわけでないが、例えば購入する商品を清算するときに配布されるレジ袋又はゴミ収集袋等が挙げられる(図2参照)。
さらに、処理端末21は、ユーザ30が購入する商品の持ち帰り用に配布されるレジ袋50(図2;有機製品50)の製品ID51を読取端末22で読み取って、そのコードデータを登録手段11に送信することができる。つまり、種類や大きさや製造メーカ等の属性が多種多様であるレジ袋50のうち、どの属性(適宜図4(a)参照)のものが配布されたか、さらにどれだけの枚数をユーザ30に配布したかについての情報を認証機関Rに伝達する。
この製品ID51は、図示されるバーコードに限定されるものではなく、2次元コード(例えばQRコード)であってもよく、また有機製品50がレジ袋(又はゴミ収集袋)に限定されないことから無線チップ(例えば、RFID)、磁気検出コードにより記録されるものであってもよい。
つまり、有機製品50が焼却されてCO2を排出しても、前記したカーボンオフセットの考え方により、バイオマス由来成分の相当量に換算した石油由来成分が燃焼して発生するCO2排出量を削減したことになる。またこのCO2の排出削減量は、レジ袋50が焼却されたとしても消尽せず独立に流通させることができる排出権とみなすことができる。
このために、レジ袋50には、マーク52が必要に応じて印刷され、ゴミ回収事業者における指定ゴミ収集袋であることが視認できるようになっている。
このレジ袋50に配合されるバイオマス由来成分としては、米に由来したデンプンであることが望ましく、食用に適さなくなった古米又は汚染米を使用することが発明の趣旨から相応しい。さらに、合成樹脂とデンプンとは、親和性が低いためにカルボン酸系の相溶化剤(界面活性剤)を配合することが望ましい。また、合成樹脂としては、ポリオレフィン系の樹脂が好適で、なかでも高密度ポリエチレンが望ましい。
この複合樹脂に配合されるバイオマス由来成分(デンプン)は、その比率が高いほど排出権ポイントが高く設定されるので好ましいが、レジ袋50として所望される諸性質も勘案して総重量に対し20~80重量%の範囲に含まれることが求められる。
そして登録手段11は、店舗20において読取端末22でレジ袋50を処理すると、対応する店舗IDと製品ID51を通信ネットワークN経由で取得し、該当するレジ袋50における排出削減量を焼却場IDに関連付けて登録する。
なお、配布されたレジ袋50から発生した排出権の帰属先である焼却場40(40a,40b,40c)は、店舗ID又は製品IDのいずれかに予め関連付けされている。
ただし、帰属先の焼却場40を製品ID51に関連付ける場合、店舗20(20a,20b,20c)は、それぞれの区域A,B,Cを識別できる印刷コード51が印刷されたレジ袋50をメーカMから調達する必要がある。
レジ袋50がユーザ30に配布されるのに伴って、このレジ袋50に付随するCO2排出権は、第一義的には、このレジ袋50が焼却される焼却場40に移転することになり、ゴミ処理費用に充てられる。
また、第二義的には、排出権の利益の一部をユーザ30に還元して、バイオマス由来成分が含有する製品利用の促進を図る。このために、ポイントカード31のユーザID32に関連付けて、受け取ったレジ袋50のCO2排出削減量に対応するポイントを、ユーザ30が取得できることにする。
一方で、ユーザは、レジ袋50の配布を保留することもできる。この場合、留保期間中は、レジ袋50に含まれるバイオマス由来成分だけでなく石油由来成分における排出権ポイントも入手できる。そして、処理端末21がレジ袋50の配布は保留された旨の配布情報を取得すると、図4(b)に示されるようにボーナスポイントXが、ユーザのユーザID32に関連付けられて登録手段11に電子的に保存・登録される。
またユーザ30が店舗20において商品を購入する際に、この累積ポイントを還元する清算処理を処理端末21で実行できるようにする。つまり、現金支払いに代えて登録ポイントで決済できるようにする。
まず、認証機関Rは、可燃ゴミを焼却処分する焼却場40(40a,40b,40c)の焼却場IDを発行し(S11)、これらが管轄する区域A,B,Cを認定する(S12)。
ここで、レジ袋50におけるバイオマスの配合割合と所望される一般的諸性質とはトレードオフの関係にある場合が多いところ、バイオマスの配合割合が高い程、排出削減量が多くなるので、認証機関Rはそのようなレジ袋50を積極的に採用すると考えられる。このためメーカMにとって、バイオマス配合率が高く品質に優れたレジ袋50の開発にインセンティブが働き、新たな産業の創出が期待される。
また一方でユーザ30は、店舗20に対してポイントカード31の申請を行い(S20)、その発行を受ける(S21)。
そして、店舗20においてユーザ30が買物をするときは(S22)、商品を処理端末21(レジスタ)に持参して、商品の決済及びレジ袋50の配布を受ける(S23)。
このとき処理端末21の操作者は、読取端末22で読み取ったレジ袋50の製品IDを、その配布枚数の情報とともに通信ネットワークNを経由して登録手段11に送る(S24)。これにより、認証機関Rは、店舗IDと製品IDとを同時に受信して(S25)、情報リスト(図4(a))から参照される排出削減量を検出し(S26)、対応する焼却場IDに関連付ける(S27)。
このために、店舗20において配布(決済)された時点(S23)をもって、当該有機製品50が焼却されて付随するCO2排出権のみが、対応する焼却場40に残留したとみなしても、この排出権の発生に関する時期的、定量的な誤差は無視できるといえる。
あとユーザ30は、処理端末21(レジスタ)にて商品の決済をする際に、同時にポイントカード31を提示すれば(S28)、そのユーザID32が読取端末22で読み取られ(S29)、排出削減量に見合うポイント(図4(a))がこのユーザID32に関連付けされることになる(S30,S31)。
もしくは、ユーザ30は、このレジ袋50の配布を保留して(S23、S24;スキップ)、さらにボーナスポイントXを加算して、ポイントをためることができる。これにより、店舗20にマイバッグを持ち込み購入した商品を持ち帰ることにインセンティブが働く。
次に、図6から図8を参照して有機製品の焼却処分システム10の第2実施形態について説明する。このシステム10Bは、通信ネットワークNを介し、登録手段11と、排出権の分離移転機構の機能を兼ね備える店舗20(20A,20B,20C)とが情報データを相互に伝送するように構成される。
さらに、登録手段11と決済手段60も同様に情報データを相互に伝送するように構成される。なお、図6において、図1と共通するものは、同一の符号を付して重複する説明を省略する。
このレジ袋50がユーザに配布されるのに伴って、このレジ袋50のCO2排出権も付随してユーザに移転することになる。このCO2排出権のうちバイオマス由来成分に由来するものは、前記したカーボンオフセットの考え方により、このレジ袋50が焼却されたとしても消尽しないものである。
よって、ユーザは、図4(a)の配布情報に対応するレジ袋50の配布を受けると同時に、バイオマス由来のCO2排出量をポイント換算し譲渡性のある排出権ポイントを入手することになる。そして、この入手した排出権ポイントは、図4(b)に示されるように、ユーザのユーザIDに関連付けられて通常ポイントYとして登録手段11に電子的に保存・蓄積される。
またこの登録手段11に蓄積している累積ポイントは、ユーザが商品を購入する際に、この累積ポイントを還元する清算処理を処理端末21で実行できるようになっている。つまり、現金支払いを蓄積ポイントを使って割り引くことが出来る。
ブラウザ35は、例えばパーソナルコンピュータ、携帯電話、携帯ゲーム機等の通信ネットワークNに接続可能なインターネット端末である。そして、ブラウザ35は、登録手段11にアクセスし、レジ袋50の情報リスト(図4(a)参照)を閲覧したり、パスワード設定によりアクセス制限されたユーザリスト(図4(b)参照)のうち所定のユーザIDの累積ポイントを閲覧したりするものである。
これにより、システム10のユーザは、自分が所持するCO2排出権の保有量を確認することができ、環境保全に貢献していることを実感できるとともに、更なる貢献に対するインセンティブが働く。
具体的には、粗大ゴミ、家電製品等は、有料引取りが一般的であるところ、回収員が、ユーザの家庭に訪問し、持参したモバイル型の決済手段60でポイントカード31(図3)のユーザIDを読み取って決済することができる。また、ユーザが処分場にゴミの持ち込みをして決済処理することもできる。これにより、ユーザにとっては、ゴミ処分の負担部分を、所有するCO2排出権で賄うことができ、金銭的支出を抑えることができる。
受領タグ交付手段61は、決済手段60における引き落としに伴って受領タグ53(図7参照)を交付するものである。この場合、決済手段60及び受領タグ交付手段61は、店舗20の店舗内又は任意の施設の内部に配置される自動販売機のような実施形態をとることになる。
受領タグ53は、ゴミ収集袋20に貼付することで、ゴミ回収費用を負担したことを示すものであって、実施形態として、視覚的に識別が可能なステッカーや、電子的に読み取り可能なタグが採用され得る。
これにより、家庭の一般ゴミ(可燃物ゴミ、生ゴミ、不燃物ごみ、リサイクルゴミ)の処分が有料化されている場合、回収時に支払済を証明する受領タグ53をポイントで購入することができる。さらに、使用済みのレジ袋50をゴミ収集袋20として再利用することにより、環境負荷の少ないゴミ処理が実現できる。
まず、ゴミ処分機関は、システム10Bで採用するレジ袋50(ゴミ収集袋)を指定する(St11)。この指定は、レジ袋50の製造メーカに、図4(a)に示される属性情報や、所望される特性(引張強度、引裂強度、風合い等)の試験結果の報告書を提出させ確認検査に合格したものに対して行う。
ポイントカード31(図3)は、ゴミ処分機関の公認を受けた店舗20が、ユーザの申請により発行する(St13、St14,St15)。
商品を購入するユーザは、商品を処理端末21(レジスタ)に持参するとともに、ポイントカード31を提示する(St21)。すると、処理端末21の操作者は、このポイントカード31のユーザIDを読取端末22で取り込んでから(St22)、続けて商品の清算処理を行う(St23)。そして、操作者は、ユーザが商品を持ち帰るのに必要なレジ袋50の大きさ及び枚数を特定し、その配布情報(製品ID及び配布枚数)を処理端末21に取得させる(St24)。但し、付属する特定手段14により、自動的に配布情報が取得される場合もある。
一方で、ユーザは、このレジ袋50の配布を保留することもできる(St25;Yes)。この場合、さらにボーナスポイントXが加算される(St26)。これにより、店舗20にマイバッグを持ち込み購入した商品を持ち帰ることにインセンティブが働く。
ユーザは、ボーナスポイントX(図4(b))をためて、容量の大きなゴミ収集袋20を無料で提供してもらうことができる。つまり、ポイントカード31を提示して(St41)、店舗20の処理端末21(レジスタ)でユーザIDの読み取りを行い(St42)、ゴミ収集袋20の大きさに見合うポイントを累積ポイント(図4(b))から減算することにより(St44)、操作者から容量の大きなレジ袋50の配布のみを受けることができる(St43)。これにより、ゴミ収集袋20として利用価値の少ない小容量のレジ袋50の利用を削減することができる。
ユーザは、決済手段60が配置されている所まで移動し、ポイントカード31を提示して(St51)、この決済手段60にユーザIDを読み取らせることにより(St52)、受領タグ53の購入を累積ポイント(図4(b))で決済することができる(St53,St54)。
そして、この受領タグ53をゴミ収集袋20に貼付してゴミの集積所に持っていけば(St55)、ゴミ処理機関が回収してくれることになる(St56)。これにより、一般家庭ゴミを容量の大きなゴミ収集袋20にまとめて収容して出すことにインセンティブが働くことになるので、ゴミ処分機関における回収コストを削減することができる。さらに、ゴミを大容量のゴミ収集袋20にまとめて出すことにより、一般家庭において、ゴミ分別のインセンティブが働くことになり、さらにゴミ処分に要するコスト削減にも寄与する。
例えば、有機製品が自治体指定のゴミ収集袋であるとして、含まれるバイオマス由来成分による排出削減量に関連付けした製品IDがこのゴミ収集袋に表示され、スーパーマーケット等の店舗で配布されるレジ袋にこのゴミ収集袋が採用されることで、このゴミ収集袋(レジ袋)に付随する排出権が焼却処分時に地元の焼却場に移転して利用される場合も含まれる。
また、実施形態においてゴミ収集袋は、店舗に置かれ、レジ袋と兼用又はレジ袋の配布を保留する代わりに提供されるものとして説明したが、可燃ゴミを収容するためのものとして販売により単独で提供される場合も含まれる。
また、この有機製品に含めるバイオマス由来成分として、デンプン質のものを例示したが、これに限定されるものでなく、その他のものとして木質系、草本系、キチン・キトサン質、貝殻質等が挙げられる。
また、そのような有機製品は、最終的に全てが焼却処分されるものでなく、埋立処分やリサイクルされる場合もある。このため、本発明の実施により達成されるCO2ガス削減量は、有機製品の提供量に対する焼却処分量の割合を考慮して検討されるべきである。
Claims (9)
- バイオマス由来成分を含む有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
通信ネットワークに接続され、前記バイオマス由来成分の相当量に換算した石油由来成分が燃焼して発生する二酸化炭素排出量を排出削減量とみなし、この排出削減量を前記有機製品の製品IDに関連付けて登録する登録手段と、
前記有機製品が提供される店舗に設置され、この有機製品に添付されている前記製品IDをこの提供時点で読み取ってそのコードデータを前記通信ネットワークに送信して前記登録手段に取得させる読取端末と、を備え、
前記登録手段は、前記店舗の店舗ID又は前記製品IDに関連付けられた焼却場の焼却場IDが登録され、前記取得した前記コードデータの前記製品IDに関連付けられた前記排出削減量を、前記焼却場IDに関連付けて登録することを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項1に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記読取端末は、ユーザが前記店舗において清算処理を実行する際に、このユーザのユーザIDを前記製品IDと共に読み取り、
前記登録手段は、前記製品IDに関連付けられた前記排出削減量が換算されたポイントを前記ユーザIDに関連付けて登録することを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項2に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記登録手段は、ゴミ収集袋の配布情報を受けて、この配布情報に関連付けされた前記ユーザIDに登録されている前記ポイントを還元させることを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項2に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記有機製品は、ユーザが購入した商品の持ち帰り用に配布されるレジ袋であり、
前記登録手段は、前記レジ袋の配布保留情報を受けて、この配布保留情報に関連付けされた前記ユーザIDにボーナスポイントを加算して登録することを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - バイオマス由来成分を含む有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
通信ネットワークに接続され、前記バイオマス由来成分の相当量に換算した石油由来成分が燃焼して発生する二酸化炭素排出量を排出削減量とみなし、この排出削減量を前記有機製品の製品IDに関連付けて登録する登録手段と、
前記有機製品が提供される店舗に設置され、この有機製品に添付されている前記製品IDをこの提供時点で読み取ってそのコードデータを前記通信ネットワークに送信して前記登録手段に取得させる読取端末と、を備え、
前記読取端末は、ユーザが前記店舗において清算処理を実行する際に、このユーザのユーザIDを前記製品IDと共に読み取り、
前記登録手段は、前記製品IDに関連付けられた前記排出削減量が換算されたポイントを前記ユーザIDに関連付けて登録することを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項5に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記登録手段は、ゴミ収集袋の配布情報を受けて、この配布情報に関連付けされた前記ユーザIDに登録されている前記ポイントを還元させることを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項5に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記有機製品は、ユーザが購入した商品の持ち帰り用に配布されるレジ袋であり、
前記登録手段は、前記レジ袋の配布保留情報を受けて、この配布保留情報に関連付けされた前記ユーザIDにボーナスポイントを加算して登録することを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項5に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記登録手段に蓄積されている前記ポイントの引き落としに伴ってゴミ回収費用を負担したことを前記ゴミ収集袋に貼付して示す受領タグを交付する受領タグ交付手段を備えることを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。 - 請求項5に記載の有機製品の焼却処分システムにおいて、
前記ユーザが商品を購入する際に、前記ユーザIDに関連付けられて蓄積されている前記ポイントを還元して前記清算処理を実行する処理端末を備えることを特徴とする有機製品の焼却処分システム。
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US13/061,364 US20110153395A1 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2009-12-14 | Incineration system for organic product |
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JP2009087305A (ja) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-04-23 | Sai Takemoto | 物品流通の管理方法及び販売商品と返却される包装や容器の管理システム |
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