WO2010069973A1 - Fuel injection device for motor vehicle direct injection engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection device for motor vehicle direct injection engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010069973A1
WO2010069973A1 PCT/EP2009/067222 EP2009067222W WO2010069973A1 WO 2010069973 A1 WO2010069973 A1 WO 2010069973A1 EP 2009067222 W EP2009067222 W EP 2009067222W WO 2010069973 A1 WO2010069973 A1 WO 2010069973A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
injection
engine
direct
motor vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/067222
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Vanessa Picron
Sébastien Potteau
Jonathan Castel
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
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Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur filed Critical Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
Publication of WO2010069973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010069973A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/06—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the direct injection of gasoline from a combustion engine.
  • injection devices comprising direct injection engine fuel injectors comprise a nozzle provided with at least one injection orifice arranged at one end of the injector so as to spray the fuel inside the injection nozzle.
  • a combustion chamber in the form of fine droplets.
  • injectors operate at increasingly higher injection pressures and that they have injection orifices whose diameters are smaller and smaller in order to generate small fuel droplets. diameter in order to get a better fuel spray.
  • these fuel droplets of small diameter sprayed substantially improve the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, and therefore allow to ensure satisfactory combustion reactions within these same combustion chambers.
  • high pressure pumps do not can provide a sufficiently high pressure to obtain an effective spraying of fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine. Therefore, during the first laps of the engine, the vehicle releases large quantities of unburned hydrocarbons, unburned hydrocarbons being responsible for excessive pollution of the vehicle.
  • the invention aims to provide a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle to overcome the use of high-pressure pumps of high cost while ensuring better fuel combustion during starting phases of the engine.
  • the invention proposes a fuel injection device for a motor vehicle direct injection engine comprising at least one direct injector for spraying said fuel into a combustion chamber of said engine, said fuel injection device being characterized in that it comprises: a low pressure pump for pressurizing said fuel; means for electrifying said fuel under pressure, said means for electrising being integrated with said at least one direct injector; said electrified fuel under pressure being atomized in said combustion chamber during passage through at least one injection port of said at least one direct injector.
  • low pressure pump means a pump providing a pressure of less than 100 bar.
  • atomizing By atomizing is meant the action of reducing a liquid into fine particles; the diameter of the particles being substantially between 10 and 30 micrometers.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention makes it possible to spray or atomize in the form of fine droplets of the electrified fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the electrification of the fuel thus creates electrostatic forces within the fuel contributing to the efficient spraying of the fuel, in particular by the repulsion of the electrostatic forces of the fuel droplets with the formation of a fuel jet in the form of a mist formed fine droplets.
  • the use of a low pressure pump makes it possible to dispense with the use of the heat engine as a fuel supply source for the fuel compression pump, thus reducing the costs of producing an injection device. fuel efficiency and increase engine efficiency during start-up phases.
  • the fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle may have one or more additional characteristics below, considered individually or according to all the technically possible combinations:
  • said low pressure pump is a gear pump or a piston pump; said means for electrifying said fuel are formed by an electrode;
  • said means for electrifying said fuel are supplied by a voltage supply source
  • said voltage supply source is formed by a resonant RLC circuit
  • said voltage supply source delivers a peak voltage greater than or equal to 1 OkV; said voltage supply source delivers a peak voltage of between 30 and 40kV;
  • said device comprises an ignition means for the combustion of said fuel in said combustion chamber; said ignition means is integrated in said at least one direct injector;
  • said ignition means is formed by a plasma candle or a multi-spark candle
  • said means for electrifying said fuel and said ignition means are powered by said voltage source.
  • the invention also relates to a system comprising an electric motor and a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention, said low pressure pump of said injection device being powered by said electric motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a direct injector of an injection device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a direct injector of an injection device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fuel injection device 10 for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention.
  • the injection device 10, according to the invention is a direct fuel injection device preferably of the gasoline type but the invention is also applicable for the direct injection of a diesel type fuel.
  • the injection device 10 comprises a rail 2 for storing the pressurized fuel, the rail 2 being connected to four direct injectors 20, each of the direct injectors 20 dosing and spraying the fuel in a combustion chamber of an injection engine direct.
  • an injection device comprises as many direct injectors as the engine comprises cylinders and therefore combustion chambers.
  • the rail 2 is supplied with fuel by a tank 4, the fuel being pressurized by means of a low pressure pump 6 before its injection into the rail 2.
  • a pressure sensor 3 makes it possible to check the fuel pressure at any time. inside the rail 2 in order to guarantee a substantially constant fuel pressure for supplying the direct injectors 20.
  • the direct injectors 20 are formed of a nozzle situated at one of the ends of the injectors in which injection orifices of Small diameters are arranged to allow the pressurized fuel to be sprayed into the combustion chambers of the engine in the form of a liquid jet of fuel in the form of a mist of fine droplets.
  • the number of injection orifices of an injector, as shown, conventionally varies between five and twelve or more; these injection ports being regularly spaced.
  • the direct injectors 20 also incorporate means for electrising the pressurized fuel from the rail 2 before it is sprayed through the orifices of the nozzle of the injector.
  • the means for electrifying the fuel make it possible to inject electrostatic charges into the fuel using voltages of several kilovolts and low intensities in order to electrify the flow of fuel passing through the direct injectors 20.
  • the electrification of the fuel thus creates electrostatic forces within the liquid contributing to the efficient spraying of fuel through the nozzle orifices and the formation of very small droplets at the outlet injector 20, the fine droplets tend to repel each other.
  • the high-pressure pump of a known direct injection device design is replaced by the low-pressure pump 6 which is a gear type or type pump. piston, depending on the required pressure.
  • the drive of the low pressure pump is performed by means of an electric motor 5 for supplying the low pressure pump independently of the engine.
  • the high pressure pumps of a known direct injection device design are coupled in constant coupling with the heat engine, which generally requires to have complex solutions for decoupling in high engine speeds.
  • the electric motor 5 makes it possible to supply the low-pressure pump 6 instantaneously, so as to provide a sufficiently high fuel pressure in the rail 2 in order to obtain a good atomization of the fuel as soon as possible. the first turns of the engine, thus limiting the release of polluting components and ensuring good fuel combustion.
  • the low pressure pump 6, according to the invention provides a pressure of less than 100 bar.
  • the low pressure pump 6 is, for example, a gear pump for providing a pressure of the order of 20 to 30 bar.
  • the low pressure pump 6 is preferably a piston pump.
  • the injection device 10 comprises a pressure return 7 coupled to a solenoid valve (not shown) disposed between the rail 2 and the low-pressure pump 6 thus making it possible to guarantee a constant fuel pressure at the inside of the rail 2.
  • the low pressure pump 6 is fed to produce a pressure greater than the pressure necessary for spraying the fuel taking into account the leakage rates caused by the direct injectors 20.
  • the return 7 pressure then allows to create an additional leakage flow calibrated so as to ensure a substantially constant pressure of the fuel in the rail 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an electrostatic fuel injector of a direct injection device according to the invention.
  • the injector 20 comprises a nozzle 21 provided with an injection end 23 in the form of a cylindrical portion 25, extended by a conical portion 26.
  • the conical portion 26 has injection orifices 28 of cylindrical shapes the number of which varies conventionally between five and twelve, and of which two injection orifices 28 are represented in FIG.
  • Each injection orifice 28 passes through the conical portion 26 so as to open on the one hand outside the nozzle 21, and on the other hand in an interior space defined by the nozzle 21.
  • the injector 20 also comprises a needle 22 capable of dosing the fuel entering the combustion chamber.
  • the needle 22 is arranged inside the space created by the cylindrical portion 25 along an axis 24 also corresponding to a longitudinal main axis of the nozzle 21 and more generally of the injector 20.
  • the needle 22 has an end 31 of conical shape so that when it is lowered, part of the outer surface of the end 31 marries a portion of the inner surface of the conical portion 26 so that it obstructs the injection orifices 28.
  • the needle 22 is controlled in displacement by means of a piezo or solenoid-type device .
  • the injector 20 is then in a closing phase. This closing phase can then be followed by an opening phase of the injector 20 in which the needle 22 slides upwards of the injector 20 along the axis 24.
  • the fuel flows inside the injector 20, in a substantially annular free space 30 situated between the injection nozzle 21 and the needle 22, in a main direction of flow, represented schematically by an arrow, in order to join the injection ports 28 and the combustion chamber of the engine when the injector 20 is in the opening phase.
  • the injector 20 also includes means for electrifying the fuel prior to spraying it into the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the fuel is electrically charged by flowing through an electric field formed between an electrode (not shown) and the body of the nozzle 21 injection.
  • the electrode is arranged so that it passes vertically through the nozzle 21 and so that the tip of the electrode is in contact with the fuel before it is sprayed into the combustion chamber.
  • the electrode is arranged, for example, inside the needle 22 along the axis 24 and is connected to a negative terminal of a high voltage generator while the body of the nozzle 21 is connected to a reference potential.
  • the fuel passes through the electric field present in the nozzle 21 and electrically charges before its spraying so that the charged droplets have electric repulsion forces thus helping its spraying in the form of a cloud of fine droplets.
  • the electrode is formed by materials adapted to the emission of an electric charge field.
  • the fuel In order to obtain a good atomization of the fuel with in particular fuel droplets having a diameter of the order of 10 to 30 micrometers, the fuel must be loaded by high voltages of the order of several tens of kilovolts.
  • the electrostatic injection device 10 is powered by a high voltage generator 50.
  • the high voltage generator 50 is typically formed by a very resonant RLC circuit having in series an electrical resistance R, a coil L and a capacitor C.
  • the amplitude across the capacitor C is amplified thus allowing to provide a very large peak voltage amplitude of the order of a few tens of kilovolts.
  • a controlled ignition system makes it possible to ignite the air-fuel mixture following the spraying of the fuel electrified by the injector 20 into the combustion chamber.
  • the ignition system comprises a candle 40 of multi-spark or plasma type to ignite the charge of the combustion chamber.
  • the tip 41 of the spark plug 40 has its end facing the combustion chamber of the vehicle to produce an electric arc in the combustion chamber for ignition of the fuel mixture.
  • the high voltage generator 50 feeds both the injector 20 to electrify the fuel flow by using voltages of several kilovolts and low intensities to increase the quality of the fuel spraying. and also controls the ignition of the ignition system 40 for combustion of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the use of the same high voltage generator 50 is made possible by the operation of the combustion engine. Indeed, in a first step, the high voltage generator 50 electrifies the fuel during the particular injection of it into the combustion chamber, then in a second step, when the fuel injection is performed, the high generator voltage 50 supplies the spark plug for igniting the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a direct electrostatic injector of an injection device according to the invention.
  • the injection device 60 comprises a rail for storing the fuel under pressure, the rail being connected to a plurality of direct injectors 61 dosing and spraying the fuel in a combustion chamber. a direct injection engine.
  • an injection device comprises as many direct injectors as the engine comprises cylinders and therefore combustion chambers.
  • the rail is fueled by a tank, the fuel being pressurized by means of a low pressure pump before injection into the rail.
  • a pressure sensor makes it possible to check at any time the fuel pressure inside the rail in order to guarantee a substantially constant fuel pressure for feeding the direct injectors 61.
  • FIG. 3 particularly illustrates a schematic representation of a direct injector 61.
  • the direct injector 61 comprises a nozzle 62 provided with an injection end 63 in the form of a cylindrical portion 65, extended by a conical portion 66.
  • the conical portion 66 has injection orifices 68 of shapes cylindrical whose number varies typically between five and twelve, and two injection ports 68 are shown in Figure 3.
  • the injection ports 68 are of small diameters and are arranged to allow a spraying of the pressurized fuel into the combustion chambers of the engine, the spraying of the fuel being carried out in the form of a mist formed by fine droplets.
  • Each injection orifice 68 passes through the conical portion 66 so as to open on the one hand to the outside of the nozzle 61, and on the other hand into an interior space defined by the nozzle 62.
  • the injector 61 also comprises a needle 72 arranged inside the space created by the cylindrical portion 65 along an axis 64 also corresponding to a longitudinal main axis of the nozzle 62 and more generally of the injector 61.
  • the needle 72 has a tapered end 71 so that when it is lowered, a portion of the outer surface of the end 71 conforms to a portion of the inner surface of the conical portion 65 so that it obstructs the injection ports 68.
  • the injector 61 is then in a closing phase. This closing phase can then be followed by an opening phase of the injector 61 in which the needle 72 slides towards the top of the injector 61 along the axis 64.
  • the fuel coming from the rail circulates inside the injector 61 in a substantially annular free space 70 situated between the injection nozzle 62 and the needle 72, in a main direction of flow represented schematically by a arrow, to reach the injection ports 68 and the combustion chamber of the engine when the injector 61 is in the opening phase.
  • the injector 61 also comprises a spark plug 75 whose tip 76 is integrated into the body of the nozzle 62.
  • the spark plug 75 ignites the air-fuel mixture following the spraying of the fuel by the injector 61 in the combustion chamber.
  • the spark plug 75 is preferably a plasma type candle, but it is also It is possible to use spark plugs of the multi-spark type whose ignition performance is lower than the plasma type candles.
  • the tip 76 of the candle has its end 77 facing the combustion chamber of the vehicle to produce an electric arc in the combustion chamber for ignition of fuel mixture.
  • the direct injectors 61 also include means for electrising the pressurized fuel from the rail prior to spraying through the injection ports 68 of the nozzle 62.
  • the means for electrifying the fuel make it possible to inject electrostatic charges into the fuel by using voltages of several kilovolts and of low intensities in order to electrify the flow of fuel passing through the direct injectors 61.
  • the electrification of the fuel thus creates electrostatic forces within the liquid contributing to the efficient spraying of the fuel through the injection orifices 68 of the nozzle 62 and the formation of very fine droplets; of the order of 10 to 30 micrometers, at the outlet of the injector 61 having a tendency to repel each other.
  • the fuel is electrically charged by flowing through an electric field formed between an electrode (not shown) and the body of the injection nozzle 62.
  • the electrode is arranged so that it passes vertically through the nozzle 62 and so that the tip of the electrode is in contact with the fuel before it is sprayed into the combustion chamber.
  • the electrode is arranged, for example, inside the needle 72 along axis 64 and is connected to a negative terminal. of a high voltage source while the body of the nozzle 62 is connected to a reference potential.
  • the fuel passes through the electric field present in the nozzle 62 and electrically charges before its spraying so that the charged droplets have repulsive electric forces to assist its spraying in the form of a cloud of fine droplets.
  • the electrode is formed by materials adapted to the emission of an electric charge field.
  • the fuel In order to obtain a good atomization of the fuel with fuel droplets having a diameter substantially between 10 and 30 microns, the fuel must be loaded by high voltages of the order of several tens of kilovolts.
  • the electrostatic injection device 60 is powered by the high voltage generator 50 previously described in FIG. 2.
  • the high voltage generator 50 supplies both the injector 61 to electrify the fuel flow using voltages of several kilovolts and low intensities. to increase the quality of the fuel spraying, and also controls the ignition of the spark plug 75 for combustion of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the use of a single high voltage generator 50 is made possible by the operation of the combustion engine. Indeed, in a first step, the high voltage generator 50 electrifies the fuel during the injection thereof into the combustion chamber, and then, in a second step, when the fuel injection is performed, the high voltage generator 50 supplies the spark plug for igniting the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel injection device of a direct injection engine makes it possible to atomize the fuel by means of direct electrostatic injector in the form of very fine droplets of electrified fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the electrification of the fuel makes it possible to substantially improve the atomization of the fuel thus avoiding the use of an expensive high pressure pump to ensure good atomization of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the design of the direct injectors device according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with the use of auxiliary devices for limiting the pump / heat engine coupling.
  • the invention has been particularly described for the direct injection of a gasoline type fuel; however the invention is also applicable to the direct injection of a diesel type fuel. However an adjustment of the pressures is necessary in order to obtain an effective spraying of this type of fuel whose spraying pressures are greater.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel injection device for a motor vehicle direct injection engine comprising at least one direct injector (20) for atomizing said fuel in a combustion chamber of said engine. The fuel injection device further comprises a low-pressure pump (6) for pressurizing said fuel, means for electrifying said pressurized fuel, said electrifying means being incorporated into said at least one direct injector (20), said electrified pressurized fuel being atomized in said combustion chamber as it passes through at least one injection orifice of said at least one direct injector (20).

Description

DISPOSITIF D'INJECTION DE CARBURANT POUR MOTEUR A INJECTION DIRECTE DE VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE. FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR MOTOR WITH DIRECT INJECTION OF MOTOR VEHICLE.
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile.The present invention relates to a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle.
L'invention trouve une application particulièrement intéressante dans l'injection directe d'essence d'un moteur à combustion.The invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the direct injection of gasoline from a combustion engine.
Il est connu que des dispositifs d'injection comportant des injecteurs de carburant pour moteur à injection directe comportent une buse pourvue d'au moins un orifice d'injection agencé à une extrémité de lïnjecteur de façon à pulvériser le carburant à l'intérieur d'une chambre à combustion sous forme de fines gouttelettes.It is known that injection devices comprising direct injection engine fuel injectors comprise a nozzle provided with at least one injection orifice arranged at one end of the injector so as to spray the fuel inside the injection nozzle. a combustion chamber in the form of fine droplets.
Il est également connu que de tels injecteurs fonctionnent à des pressions d'injection de plus en plus élevées et qu'ils présentent des orifices d'injection dont les diamètres sont de plus en plus faibles dans le but de générer des gouttelettes de carburant de petit diamètre afin d'obtenir une meilleure pulvérisation du carburant.It is also known that such injectors operate at increasingly higher injection pressures and that they have injection orifices whose diameters are smaller and smaller in order to generate small fuel droplets. diameter in order to get a better fuel spray.
Ainsi, ces gouttelettes de carburant de faibles diamètres pulvérisées améliorent sensiblement le mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion, et permettent par conséquent d'assurer des réactions de combustion satisfaisantes à l'intérieur de ces mêmes chambres de combustion.Thus, these fuel droplets of small diameter sprayed substantially improve the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, and therefore allow to ensure satisfactory combustion reactions within these same combustion chambers.
Cependant, la conception connue des dispositifs d'injection décrits précédemment nécessite l'utilisation de pompes performantes de coût élevé afin d'obtenir des pressions d'injection suffisamment importantes.However, the known design of the injection devices described above requires the use of high performance pumps of high cost to obtain sufficiently large injection pressures.
De plus, il est connu que ces pompes haute pression sont entraînées par le moteur thermique par couplage mécanique au moyen d'une courroie ou encore d'un arbre à came du moteur afin de fournir des niveaux de pression requis.In addition, it is known that these high pressure pumps are driven by the heat engine by mechanical coupling by means of a belt or a camshaft of the engine to provide the required pressure levels.
De ce fait, lors des phases de démarrage du moteur, notamment pendant les premiers tours du moteur, les pompes haute pression ne peuvent fournir une pression suffisamment importante permettant d'obtenir une pulvérisation efficace du carburant dans la chambre de combustion du moteur. Dès lors, au cours des premiers tours du moteur, le véhicule rejette en grande quantité des hydrocarbures non brûlés, les hydrocarbures non brûlés étant responsables d'une pollution excessive du véhicule.Therefore, during engine startup phases, especially during the first laps of the engine, high pressure pumps do not can provide a sufficiently high pressure to obtain an effective spraying of fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine. Therefore, during the first laps of the engine, the vehicle releases large quantities of unburned hydrocarbons, unburned hydrocarbons being responsible for excessive pollution of the vehicle.
Dans ce contexte, l'invention vise à fournir un dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile permettant de s'affranchir de l'utilisation de pompes haute pression de coût élevé tout en assurant une meilleure combustion du carburant lors des phases de démarrage du moteur.In this context, the invention aims to provide a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle to overcome the use of high-pressure pumps of high cost while ensuring better fuel combustion during starting phases of the engine.
A cette fin, l'invention propose un dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile comportant au moins un injecteur direct pour la pulvérisation dudit carburant dans une chambre de combustion dudit moteur, ledit dispositif d'injection de carburant étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : une pompe basse pression pour la mise sous pression dudit carburant ; des moyens pour électriser ledit carburant sous pression, lesdits moyens pour électriser étant intégrés audit au moins un injecteur direct ; ledit carburant électrisé sous pression étant atomisé dans ladite chambre de combustion lors du passage au travers d'au moins un orifice d'injection dudit au moins un injecteur direct.To this end, the invention proposes a fuel injection device for a motor vehicle direct injection engine comprising at least one direct injector for spraying said fuel into a combustion chamber of said engine, said fuel injection device being characterized in that it comprises: a low pressure pump for pressurizing said fuel; means for electrifying said fuel under pressure, said means for electrising being integrated with said at least one direct injector; said electrified fuel under pressure being atomized in said combustion chamber during passage through at least one injection port of said at least one direct injector.
On entend par pompe basse pression, une pompe fournissant une pression inférieure à 100 bars.The term "low pressure pump" means a pump providing a pressure of less than 100 bar.
On entend par atomiser, l'action de réduire un liquide en fines particules ; le diamètre des particules étant sensiblement compris entre 10 et 30 micromètres.By atomizing is meant the action of reducing a liquid into fine particles; the diameter of the particles being substantially between 10 and 30 micrometers.
Ainsi, l'injecteur de carburant selon l'invention permet de pulvériser ou d'atomiser sous la forme de fines gouttelettes du carburant électrisé dans la chambre de combustion du moteur. L'électrisation du carburant crée ainsi des forces électrostatiques au sein du carburant contribuant à la pulvérisation efficace du carburant, notamment par la répulsion des forces électrostatiques des gouttelettes de carburant avec la formation d'un jet de carburant sous la forme d'une brume formée de fines gouttelettes.Thus, the fuel injector according to the invention makes it possible to spray or atomize in the form of fine droplets of the electrified fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine. The electrification of the fuel thus creates electrostatic forces within the fuel contributing to the efficient spraying of the fuel, in particular by the repulsion of the electrostatic forces of the fuel droplets with the formation of a fuel jet in the form of a mist formed fine droplets.
De ce fait, il n'est plus indispensable de disposer d'une pompe haute pression pour la compression du carburant dans le circuit d'injection du dispositif ainsi que pour l'obtention d'une pulvérisation du carburant autorisant de hautes performances moteur. L'utilisation d'un injecteur de carburant électrostatique combiné à l'utilisation d'une pompe basse pression permet désormais d'obtenir une pulvérisation du carburant de qualité.Therefore, it is no longer necessary to have a high pressure pump for the compression of fuel in the injection circuit of the device as well as for obtaining a fuel spraying allowing high engine performance. The use of an electrostatic fuel injector combined with the use of a low pressure pump now makes it possible to obtain a quality fuel spray.
De plus, l'utilisation d'une pompe basse pression permet de s'affranchir de l'utilisation du moteur thermique comme source d'alimentation de la pompe de compression du carburant, réduisant ainsi les coûts de réalisation d'un dispositif d'injection direct de carburant et augmentant l'efficacité du moteur lors des phases de démarrage.In addition, the use of a low pressure pump makes it possible to dispense with the use of the heat engine as a fuel supply source for the fuel compression pump, thus reducing the costs of producing an injection device. fuel efficiency and increase engine efficiency during start-up phases.
Outre les caractéristiques principales qui viennent d'être mentionnées dans le paragraphe précédent, le dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'invention peut présenter une ou plusieurs caractéristiques supplémentaires ci-dessous, considérées individuellement ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles :In addition to the main features that have just been mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics below, considered individually or according to all the technically possible combinations:
- ladite pompe basse pression est une pompe à engrenage ou une pompe à piston ; - lesdits moyens pour électriser ledit carburant sont formés par une électrode ;said low pressure pump is a gear pump or a piston pump; said means for electrifying said fuel are formed by an electrode;
- lesdits moyens pour électriser ledit carburant sont alimentés par une source d'alimentation en tension ;said means for electrifying said fuel are supplied by a voltage supply source;
- ladite source d'alimentation en tension est formée par un circuit RLC résonant ;said voltage supply source is formed by a resonant RLC circuit;
- ladite source d'alimentation en tension délivre une tension de crête supérieure ou égale à 1 OkV ; - ladite source d'alimentation en tension délivre une tension de crête comprise entre 30 et 4OkV ;- said voltage supply source delivers a peak voltage greater than or equal to 1 OkV; said voltage supply source delivers a peak voltage of between 30 and 40kV;
- ledit dispositif comporte un moyen d'allumage pour la combustion dudit carburant dans ladite chambre de combustion ; - ledit moyen d'allumage est intégré dans ledit au moins un injecteur direct ;said device comprises an ignition means for the combustion of said fuel in said combustion chamber; said ignition means is integrated in said at least one direct injector;
- ledit moyen d'allumage est formé par une bougie à plasma ou une bougie multi-étincelles ;said ignition means is formed by a plasma candle or a multi-spark candle;
- lesdits moyens pour électriser ledit carburant et ledit moyen d'allumage sont alimentés par ladite source de tension.said means for electrifying said fuel and said ignition means are powered by said voltage source.
L'invention a également pour objet un système comportant un moteur électrique et un dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'invention, ladite pompe basse pression dudit dispositif d'injection étant alimentée par ledit moteur électrique.The invention also relates to a system comprising an electric motor and a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention, said low pressure pump of said injection device being powered by said electric motor.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui en est donnée ci-dessous, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description which is given below, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended figures, among which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma fonctionnel d'un dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'invention ;- Figure 1 is a block diagram of a fuel injection device for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est un schéma de principe illustrant un premier mode de réalisation d'un injecteur direct d'un dispositif d'injection selon l'invention ;FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a direct injector of an injection device according to the invention;
- la figure 3 est un schéma de principe illustrant un second mode de réalisation d'un injecteur direct d'un dispositif d'injection selon l'invention.FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a direct injector of an injection device according to the invention.
Dans toutes les figures, les éléments communs portent les mêmes numéros de référence sauf précision contraire.In all the figures, the common elements bear the same reference numbers unless otherwise specified.
La figure 1 est un schéma fonctionnel d'un dispositif d'injection 10 de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a block diagram of a fuel injection device 10 for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to the invention.
Le dispositif d'injection 10, selon l'invention, est un dispositif d'injection directe de carburant préférentiellement de type essence mais l'invention est également applicable pour l'injection directe d'un carburant de type diesel.The injection device 10, according to the invention, is a direct fuel injection device preferably of the gasoline type but the invention is also applicable for the direct injection of a diesel type fuel.
Le dispositif d'injection 10 comporte un rail 2 pour le stockage du carburant sous pression, le rail 2 étant relié à quatre injecteurs directs 20, chacun des injecteurs directs 20 dosant et pulvérisant le carburant dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à injection directe. Typiquement, un dispositif d'injection comporte autant d'injecteurs directs que le moteur comporte de cylindres et par conséquent de chambres de combustion.The injection device 10 comprises a rail 2 for storing the pressurized fuel, the rail 2 being connected to four direct injectors 20, each of the direct injectors 20 dosing and spraying the fuel in a combustion chamber of an injection engine direct. Typically, an injection device comprises as many direct injectors as the engine comprises cylinders and therefore combustion chambers.
Le rail 2 est alimenté en carburant par un réservoir 4, le carburant étant mis sous pression au moyen d'une pompe basse pression 6 avant son injection dans le rail 2. Un capteur de pression 3 permet de vérifier à tout moment la pression du carburant à l'intérieur du rail 2 afin de garantir une pression de carburant sensiblement constante pour l'alimentation des injecteurs directs 20. Les injecteurs directs 20 sont formés d'une buse située à une des extrémités des injecteurs dans laquelle des orifices d'injection de faibles diamètres sont agencés de façon à permettre une pulvérisation du carburant sous pression dans les chambres de combustion du moteur sous la forme d'un jet liquide de carburant sous forme d'une brume de fines gouttelettes. Le nombre d'orifices d'injection d'un injecteur, tel que représenté, varie classiquement entre cinq et douze, voire plus ; ces orifices d'injection étant espacés de façon régulière.The rail 2 is supplied with fuel by a tank 4, the fuel being pressurized by means of a low pressure pump 6 before its injection into the rail 2. A pressure sensor 3 makes it possible to check the fuel pressure at any time. inside the rail 2 in order to guarantee a substantially constant fuel pressure for supplying the direct injectors 20. The direct injectors 20 are formed of a nozzle situated at one of the ends of the injectors in which injection orifices of Small diameters are arranged to allow the pressurized fuel to be sprayed into the combustion chambers of the engine in the form of a liquid jet of fuel in the form of a mist of fine droplets. The number of injection orifices of an injector, as shown, conventionally varies between five and twelve or more; these injection ports being regularly spaced.
Les injecteurs directs 20 intègrent également des moyens pour électriser le carburant sous pression provenant du rail 2 avant sa pulvérisation à travers les orifices de la buse de l'injecteur.The direct injectors 20 also incorporate means for electrising the pressurized fuel from the rail 2 before it is sprayed through the orifices of the nozzle of the injector.
Les moyens pour électriser le carburant permettent d'injecter des charges électrostatiques dans le carburant en utilisant des tensions de plusieurs kilovolts et de faibles intensités dans le but d'électriser le flux de carburant traversant les injecteurs directs 20. L'électrisation du carburant crée ainsi des forces électrostatiques au sein du liquide contribuant à la pulvérisation efficace du carburant à travers les orifices de la buse et à la formation de très fines gouttelettes à la sortie de l'injecteur 20, les fines gouttelettes ayant tendance à se repousser les unes des autres.The means for electrifying the fuel make it possible to inject electrostatic charges into the fuel using voltages of several kilovolts and low intensities in order to electrify the flow of fuel passing through the direct injectors 20. The electrification of the fuel thus creates electrostatic forces within the liquid contributing to the efficient spraying of fuel through the nozzle orifices and the formation of very small droplets at the outlet injector 20, the fine droplets tend to repel each other.
Ainsi l'utilisation de cette énergie supplémentaire, par électrisation du carburant, permet de réduire significativement la pression à fournir par les pompes nécessaire pour atteindre les performances attendues avec une pulvérisation de carburant et notamment de l'essence. Ceci se traduit par une réduction significative de la pression du carburant nécessaire dans le rail 2 et dans les injecteurs directs 20.Thus the use of this additional energy, by electrification of the fuel, significantly reduces the pressure to be supplied by the pumps necessary to achieve the expected performance with a fuel spray and especially gasoline. This results in a significant reduction in the fuel pressure required in the rail 2 and in the direct injectors 20.
Dès lors que les besoins en pression pour la pulvérisation du carburant sont réduits, la pompe haute pression d'une conception connue de dispositif d'injection directe, est remplacée par la pompe basse pression 6 qui est une pompe de type à engrenage ou de type à piston, selon la pression requise. L'entrainement de la pompe basse pression est réalisé au moyen d'un moteur électrique 5 permettant d'alimenter la pompe basse pression indépendamment du moteur thermique. En effet, les pompes haute pression d'une conception de dispositif d'injection directe connue sont couplées en couplage constant avec le moteur thermique, ce qui nécessite généralement de disposer de solutions complexes pour le découplage dans les hauts régimes moteur. De plus, lors des phases de démarrage du moteur, le moteur électrique 5 permet d'alimenter la pompe basse pression 6 instantanément, de façon à fournir une pression de carburant dans le rail 2 suffisamment élevée afin d'obtenir une bonne pulvérisation du carburant dès les premiers tours du moteur, limitant ainsi le rejet de composants polluants et garantissant une bonne combustion du carburant.As soon as the pressure requirements for the spraying of the fuel are reduced, the high-pressure pump of a known direct injection device design is replaced by the low-pressure pump 6 which is a gear type or type pump. piston, depending on the required pressure. The drive of the low pressure pump is performed by means of an electric motor 5 for supplying the low pressure pump independently of the engine. Indeed, the high pressure pumps of a known direct injection device design are coupled in constant coupling with the heat engine, which generally requires to have complex solutions for decoupling in high engine speeds. Moreover, during engine start-up phases, the electric motor 5 makes it possible to supply the low-pressure pump 6 instantaneously, so as to provide a sufficiently high fuel pressure in the rail 2 in order to obtain a good atomization of the fuel as soon as possible. the first turns of the engine, thus limiting the release of polluting components and ensuring good fuel combustion.
Typiquement la pompe basse pression 6, selon l'invention, fournie une pression inférieure à 100 bars.Typically the low pressure pump 6, according to the invention, provides a pressure of less than 100 bar.
Préférentiellement, la pompe basse pression 6 est, par exemple, une pompe à engrenage permettant de fournir une pression de l'ordre de 20 à 30 bars. Pour des pressions supérieures à 30 bars, la pompe basse pression 6 est préférentiellement une pompe à piston. Selon un mode préférentiel de l'invention, le dispositif d'injection 10 comporte un retour 7 de pression couplé à une électrovanne (non représentée) disposé entre le rail 2 et la pompe basse pression 6 permettant ainsi de garantir une pression constante de carburant à l'intérieur du rail 2. Pour cela, la pompe basse pression 6 est alimentée de façon à produire une pression supérieure à la pression nécessaire pour la pulvérisation du carburant en prenant en compte les débits de fuite occasionnés par les injecteurs directs 20. Le retour 7 de pression permet alors de créer un débit de fuite supplémentaire calibré de façon à garantir une pression sensiblement constante du carburant dans le rail 2.Preferably, the low pressure pump 6 is, for example, a gear pump for providing a pressure of the order of 20 to 30 bar. For pressures above 30 bar, the low pressure pump 6 is preferably a piston pump. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the injection device 10 comprises a pressure return 7 coupled to a solenoid valve (not shown) disposed between the rail 2 and the low-pressure pump 6 thus making it possible to guarantee a constant fuel pressure at the inside of the rail 2. For this, the low pressure pump 6 is fed to produce a pressure greater than the pressure necessary for spraying the fuel taking into account the leakage rates caused by the direct injectors 20. The return 7 pressure then allows to create an additional leakage flow calibrated so as to ensure a substantially constant pressure of the fuel in the rail 2.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, il est possible de d'affranchir de l'utilisation d'un retour 7 de pression en pilotant le moteur électrique de façon à garantir une pression constante dans le rail 2 en tenant compte des débits de fuite occasionnés par les injecteurs directs 20. La figure 2 est schéma de principe illustrant un injecteur de carburant électrostatique d'un dispositif d'injection directe selon l'invention.According to another embodiment of the invention, it is possible to dispense with the use of a pressure return 7 by driving the electric motor so as to guarantee a constant pressure in the rail 2 while taking into account the flow rates. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an electrostatic fuel injector of a direct injection device according to the invention.
L'injecteur 20 comporte une buse 21 pourvue d'une extrémité d'injection 23 se présentant sous la forme d'une portion cylindrique 25, prolongée par une portion conique 26. La portion conique 26 comporte des orifices d'injections 28 de formes cylindriques dont le nombre varie classiquement entre cinq et douze, et dont deux orifices d'injections 28 sont représentés sur la figure 2.The injector 20 comprises a nozzle 21 provided with an injection end 23 in the form of a cylindrical portion 25, extended by a conical portion 26. The conical portion 26 has injection orifices 28 of cylindrical shapes the number of which varies conventionally between five and twelve, and of which two injection orifices 28 are represented in FIG.
Chaque orifice d'injection 28 traverse la portion conique 26 de façon à déboucher d'une part à l'extérieure de la buse 21 , et d'autre part dans un espace intérieur défini par la buse 21.Each injection orifice 28 passes through the conical portion 26 so as to open on the one hand outside the nozzle 21, and on the other hand in an interior space defined by the nozzle 21.
L'injecteur 20 comporte également une aiguille 22 apte à doser le carburant entrant dans la chambre de combustion. L'aiguille 22 est agencée à l'intérieur de l'espace créé par la portion cylindrique 25 selon un axe 24 correspondant également à un axe principal longitudinal de la buse 21 et plus généralement de l'injecteur 20.The injector 20 also comprises a needle 22 capable of dosing the fuel entering the combustion chamber. The needle 22 is arranged inside the space created by the cylindrical portion 25 along an axis 24 also corresponding to a longitudinal main axis of the nozzle 21 and more generally of the injector 20.
L'aiguille 22 comporte une extrémité 31 de forme conique de sorte que lorsqu'elle est abaissée, une partie de la surface extérieure de l'extrémité 31 épouse une partie de la surface intérieure de la portion conique 26 de sorte qu'elle obstrue les orifices d'injections 28. L'aiguille 22 est commandée en déplacement au moyen d'un dispositif de type piezzo ou encore à solénoïde. Lorsque les orifices d'injections 28 sont obstrués, lïnjecteur 20 se trouve alors dans une phase de fermeture. Cette phase de fermeture peut ensuite être suivie d'une phase d'ouverture de lïnjecteur 20 dans laquelle l'aiguille 22 coulisse vers le haut de lïnjecteur 20 selon l'axe 24.The needle 22 has an end 31 of conical shape so that when it is lowered, part of the outer surface of the end 31 marries a portion of the inner surface of the conical portion 26 so that it obstructs the injection orifices 28. The needle 22 is controlled in displacement by means of a piezo or solenoid-type device . When the injection orifices 28 are obstructed, the injector 20 is then in a closing phase. This closing phase can then be followed by an opening phase of the injector 20 in which the needle 22 slides upwards of the injector 20 along the axis 24.
Le carburant circule à l'intérieur de lïnjecteur 20, dans un espace libre 30 sensiblement de forme annulaire situé entre la buse d'injection 21 et l'aiguille 22, selon une direction principale d'écoulement, représentée schématiquement par une flèche, afin de rejoindre les orifices d'injections 28 et la chambre de combustion du moteur lorsque lïnjecteur 20 est en phase d'ouverture. Lïnjecteur 20 comporte également des moyens pour électriser le carburant avant sa pulvérisation dans la chambre de combustion du moteur. Pour cela, le carburant se charge électriquement en circulant au travers d'un champ électrique formé entre une électrode (non représentée) et le corps de la buse 21 d'injection. L'électrode est disposée de sorte qu'elle traverse verticalement la buse 21 et de manière à ce que la pointe de l'électrode soit en contact avec le carburant avant sa pulvérisation dans la chambre de combustion. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, l'électrode est agencée par exemple, à l'intérieur de l'aiguille 22 selon l'axe 24 et est reliée à une borne négative d'un générateur haute tension alors que le corps de la buse 21 est relié à un potentiel de référence.The fuel flows inside the injector 20, in a substantially annular free space 30 situated between the injection nozzle 21 and the needle 22, in a main direction of flow, represented schematically by an arrow, in order to join the injection ports 28 and the combustion chamber of the engine when the injector 20 is in the opening phase. The injector 20 also includes means for electrifying the fuel prior to spraying it into the combustion chamber of the engine. For this, the fuel is electrically charged by flowing through an electric field formed between an electrode (not shown) and the body of the nozzle 21 injection. The electrode is arranged so that it passes vertically through the nozzle 21 and so that the tip of the electrode is in contact with the fuel before it is sprayed into the combustion chamber. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the electrode is arranged, for example, inside the needle 22 along the axis 24 and is connected to a negative terminal of a high voltage generator while the body of the nozzle 21 is connected to a reference potential.
Ainsi, le carburant traverse le champ électrique présent dans la buse 21 et se charge électriquement avant sa pulvérisation de sorte que les gouttelettes chargées possèdent des forces électriques de répulsion aidant ainsi sa pulvérisation sous la forme d'un nuage de fines gouttelettes.Thus, the fuel passes through the electric field present in the nozzle 21 and electrically charges before its spraying so that the charged droplets have electric repulsion forces thus helping its spraying in the form of a cloud of fine droplets.
L'électrode est formée par des matériaux adaptés à l'émission d'un champ de charge électrique. Afin d'obtenir une bonne atomisation du carburant avec notamment des gouttelettes de carburant ayant un diamètre de l'ordre de 10 à 30 micromètres, le carburant doit être chargé par de hautes tensions de l'ordre de plusieurs dizaines de kilovolts. Dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif d'injection électrostatique 10 est alimenté par un générateur haute tension 50.The electrode is formed by materials adapted to the emission of an electric charge field. In order to obtain a good atomization of the fuel with in particular fuel droplets having a diameter of the order of 10 to 30 micrometers, the fuel must be loaded by high voltages of the order of several tens of kilovolts. In a first embodiment of the invention, the electrostatic injection device 10 is powered by a high voltage generator 50.
Dans ce premier mode de réalisation, le générateur haute tension 50 est formé typiquement par un circuit RLC très résonant comportant en série une résistance électrique R, une bobine L et une capacité C.In this first embodiment, the high voltage generator 50 is typically formed by a very resonant RLC circuit having in series an electrical resistance R, a coil L and a capacitor C.
Lorsque le générateur haute tension 50 est alimenté par une haute tension à une fréquence sensiblement égale à la fréquence de résonnance fc ≈ l/(2π J(Lx CJ) du circuit RLC, l'amplitude aux bornes de la capacité C est amplifiée permettant ainsi de fournir une amplitude de tension de crête très importante de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de kilovolts.When the high voltage generator 50 is powered by a high voltage at a frequency substantially equal to the resonance frequency fc ≈ 1 / (2π J (Lx CJ) of the RLC circuit, the amplitude across the capacitor C is amplified thus allowing to provide a very large peak voltage amplitude of the order of a few tens of kilovolts.
Un système d'allumage commandé permet d'allumer le mélange air- carburant à la suite de la pulvérisation du carburant électrisé par l'injecteur 20 dans la chambre de combustion.A controlled ignition system makes it possible to ignite the air-fuel mixture following the spraying of the fuel electrified by the injector 20 into the combustion chamber.
Le système d'allumage comporte une bougie 40 de type multi- étincelles ou encore de type plasma pour allumer la charge de la chambre de combustion.The ignition system comprises a candle 40 of multi-spark or plasma type to ignite the charge of the combustion chamber.
On utilisera préférentiellement une bougie de type plasma également appelée à jet de plasma permettant d'améliorer les performances d'allumage de la charge de la chambre de combustion. La pointe 41 de la bougie 40 a son extrémité en regard avec la chambre de combustion du véhicule afin de produire un arc électrique dans la chambre de combustion pour l'inflammation de mélange carburé.It is preferable to use a plasma type candle also called plasma jet to improve the ignition performance of the load of the combustion chamber. The tip 41 of the spark plug 40 has its end facing the combustion chamber of the vehicle to produce an electric arc in the combustion chamber for ignition of the fuel mixture.
Dans ce premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, le générateur haute tension 50 alimente à la fois l'injecteur 20 pour électriser le flux de carburant en utilisant des tensions de plusieurs kilovolts et de faibles intensités pour augmenter la qualité de la pulvérisation du carburant et commande également l'allumage du système d'allumage 40 pour la combustion du mélange carburé dans la chambre de combustion du moteur. L'utilisation d'un même générateur haute tension 50 est rendue possible par le fonctionnement du moteur à combustion. En effet, dans un premier temps, le générateur haute tension 50 électrise le carburant lors notamment de l'injection de celui-ci dans la chambre de combustion, puis dans un second temps, lorsque l'injection de carburant est effectuée, le générateur haute tension 50 alimente la bougie pour l'allumage du mélange carburé dans la chambre de combustion. La figure 3 est un schéma de principe illustrant un second mode de réalisation d'un injecteur direct électrostatique d'un dispositif d'injection selon l'invention.In this first embodiment of the invention, the high voltage generator 50 feeds both the injector 20 to electrify the fuel flow by using voltages of several kilovolts and low intensities to increase the quality of the fuel spraying. and also controls the ignition of the ignition system 40 for combustion of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine. The use of the same high voltage generator 50 is made possible by the operation of the combustion engine. Indeed, in a first step, the high voltage generator 50 electrifies the fuel during the particular injection of it into the combustion chamber, then in a second step, when the fuel injection is performed, the high generator voltage 50 supplies the spark plug for igniting the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a direct electrostatic injector of an injection device according to the invention.
Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif d'injection 60 comporte un rail pour le stockage du carburant sous pression, le rail étant relié à une pluralité d'injecteurs directs 61 dosant et pulvérisant le carburant dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à injection directe.In this second embodiment of the invention, the injection device 60 comprises a rail for storing the fuel under pressure, the rail being connected to a plurality of direct injectors 61 dosing and spraying the fuel in a combustion chamber. a direct injection engine.
Typiquement, un dispositif d'injection comporte autant d'injecteurs directs que le moteur comporte de cylindres et par conséquent de chambres de combustion. Le rail est alimenté en carburant par un réservoir, le carburant étant mis sous pression au moyen d'une pompe basse pression avant l'injection dans le rail. Un capteur de pression permet de vérifier à tout moment la pression du carburant à l'intérieur du rail afin de garantir une pression de carburant sensiblement constante pour l'alimentation des injecteurs directs 61.Typically, an injection device comprises as many direct injectors as the engine comprises cylinders and therefore combustion chambers. The rail is fueled by a tank, the fuel being pressurized by means of a low pressure pump before injection into the rail. A pressure sensor makes it possible to check at any time the fuel pressure inside the rail in order to guarantee a substantially constant fuel pressure for feeding the direct injectors 61.
La figure 3 illustre particulièrement une représentation schématique un injecteur direct 61.FIG. 3 particularly illustrates a schematic representation of a direct injector 61.
L'injecteur direct 61 comporte une buse 62 pourvue d'une extrémité d'injection 63 se présentant sous la forme d'une portion cylindrique 65, prolongée par une portion conique 66. La portion conique 66 comporte des orifices d'injections 68 de formes cylindriques dont le nombre varie classiquement entre cinq et douze, et dont deux orifices d'injection 68 sont représentés sur la figure 3.The direct injector 61 comprises a nozzle 62 provided with an injection end 63 in the form of a cylindrical portion 65, extended by a conical portion 66. The conical portion 66 has injection orifices 68 of shapes cylindrical whose number varies typically between five and twelve, and two injection ports 68 are shown in Figure 3.
Les orifices d'injection 68 sont de faibles diamètres et sont agencés de façon à permettre une pulvérisation du carburant sous pression dans les chambres de combustion du moteur, la pulvérisation du carburant étant réalisée sous la forme d'une brume formée par de fines gouttelettes. Chaque orifice d'injection 68 traverse la portion conique 66 de façon à déboucher d'une part à l'extérieure de la buse 61 , et d'autre part dans un espace intérieur défini par la buse 62. L'injecteur 61 comporte également une aiguille 72 agencée à l'intérieur de l'espace créé par la portion cylindrique 65 selon un axe 64 correspondant également à un axe principal longitudinal de la buse 62 et plus généralement de l'injecteur 61.The injection ports 68 are of small diameters and are arranged to allow a spraying of the pressurized fuel into the combustion chambers of the engine, the spraying of the fuel being carried out in the form of a mist formed by fine droplets. Each injection orifice 68 passes through the conical portion 66 so as to open on the one hand to the outside of the nozzle 61, and on the other hand into an interior space defined by the nozzle 62. The injector 61 also comprises a needle 72 arranged inside the space created by the cylindrical portion 65 along an axis 64 also corresponding to a longitudinal main axis of the nozzle 62 and more generally of the injector 61.
L'aiguille 72 comporte une extrémité 71 de forme conique de sorte que lorsqu'elle est abaissée, une partie de la surface extérieure de l'extrémité 71 épouse une partie de la surface intérieure de la portion conique 65 de sorte qu'elle obstrue les orifices d'injection 68.The needle 72 has a tapered end 71 so that when it is lowered, a portion of the outer surface of the end 71 conforms to a portion of the inner surface of the conical portion 65 so that it obstructs the injection ports 68.
Lorsque les orifices d'injection 68 sont obstrués, l'injecteur 61 se trouve alors dans une phase de fermeture. Cette phase de fermeture peut ensuite être suivie d'une phase d'ouverture de l'injecteur 61 dans laquelle l'aiguille 72 coulisse vers le haut de l'injecteur 61 selon l'axe 64.When the injection ports 68 are obstructed, the injector 61 is then in a closing phase. This closing phase can then be followed by an opening phase of the injector 61 in which the needle 72 slides towards the top of the injector 61 along the axis 64.
Le carburant provenant du rail circule à l'intérieur de l'injecteur 61 dans un espace libre 70 sensiblement de forme annulaire, situé entre la buse d'injection 62 et l'aiguille 72, selon une direction principale d'écoulement représentée schématiquement par une flèche, afin de rejoindre les orifices d'injection 68 et la chambre de combustion du moteur lorsque l'injecteur 61 est en phase d'ouverture.The fuel coming from the rail circulates inside the injector 61 in a substantially annular free space 70 situated between the injection nozzle 62 and the needle 72, in a main direction of flow represented schematically by a arrow, to reach the injection ports 68 and the combustion chamber of the engine when the injector 61 is in the opening phase.
L'injecteur 61 comporte également une bougie d'allumage 75 dont la pointe 76 est intégrée dans le corps de la buse 62. La bougie d'allumage 75 allume le mélange air-carburant à la suite de la pulvérisation du carburant par l'injecteur 61 dans la chambre de combustion. La bougie d'allumage 75 est préférentiellement une bougie de type plasma, mais il est également possible d'utiliser des bougies de types multi-étincelles dont la performance d'allumage est inférieure aux bougies de type plasma.The injector 61 also comprises a spark plug 75 whose tip 76 is integrated into the body of the nozzle 62. The spark plug 75 ignites the air-fuel mixture following the spraying of the fuel by the injector 61 in the combustion chamber. The spark plug 75 is preferably a plasma type candle, but it is also It is possible to use spark plugs of the multi-spark type whose ignition performance is lower than the plasma type candles.
La pointe 76 de la bougie a son extrémité 77 en regard avec la chambre de combustion du véhicule afin de produire un arc électrique dans la chambre de combustion pour l'inflammation de mélange carburé.The tip 76 of the candle has its end 77 facing the combustion chamber of the vehicle to produce an electric arc in the combustion chamber for ignition of fuel mixture.
Les injecteurs directs 61 intègrent également des moyens pour électriser le carburant sous pression provenant du rail avant la pulvérisation à travers les orifices d'injection 68 de la buse 62.The direct injectors 61 also include means for electrising the pressurized fuel from the rail prior to spraying through the injection ports 68 of the nozzle 62.
Les moyens pour électriser le carburant permettent d'injecter des charges électrostatiques dans le carburant en utilisant des tensions de plusieurs kilovolts et de faibles intensités dans le but d'électriser le flux de carburant traversant les injecteurs directs 61.The means for electrifying the fuel make it possible to inject electrostatic charges into the fuel by using voltages of several kilovolts and of low intensities in order to electrify the flow of fuel passing through the direct injectors 61.
L'électrisation du carburant crée ainsi des forces électrostatiques au sein du liquide contribuant à la pulvérisation efficace du carburant au travers des orifices d'injection 68 de la buse 62 et à la formation de très fines gouttelettes ; de l'ordre de 10 à 30 micromètres, à la sortie de l'injecteur 61 ayant tendance à se repousser les unes des autres.The electrification of the fuel thus creates electrostatic forces within the liquid contributing to the efficient spraying of the fuel through the injection orifices 68 of the nozzle 62 and the formation of very fine droplets; of the order of 10 to 30 micrometers, at the outlet of the injector 61 having a tendency to repel each other.
Ainsi l'utilisation de cette énergie supplémentaire, par électrisation du carburant, permet de réduire significativement la pression à fournir par les pompes nécessaire pour atteindre les performances attendues avec une pulvérisation de carburant et notamment de l'essence, ce qui se traduit par une réduction significative de la pression du carburant nécessaire dans le rail et dans les injecteurs directs 61.Thus the use of this additional energy, by electrification of the fuel, significantly reduces the pressure to be supplied by the pumps necessary to achieve the expected performance with a fuel spray and in particular gasoline, which results in a reduction significant fuel pressure required in the rail and in the direct injectors 61.
Pour cela, le carburant se charge électriquement en circulant au travers d'un champ électrique formé entre une électrode (non représentée) et le corps de la buse 62 d'injection.For this, the fuel is electrically charged by flowing through an electric field formed between an electrode (not shown) and the body of the injection nozzle 62.
L'électrode est disposée de sorte qu'elle traverse verticalement la buse 62 et de manière à ce que la pointe de l'électrode soit en contact avec le carburant avant sa pulvérisation dans la chambre de combustion. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'électrode est agencée par exemple, à l'intérieur de l'aiguille 72 selon l'axe 64 et est reliée à une borne négative d'une source haute tension alors que le corps de la buse 62 est relié à un potentiel de référence.The electrode is arranged so that it passes vertically through the nozzle 62 and so that the tip of the electrode is in contact with the fuel before it is sprayed into the combustion chamber. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrode is arranged, for example, inside the needle 72 along axis 64 and is connected to a negative terminal. of a high voltage source while the body of the nozzle 62 is connected to a reference potential.
Ainsi, le carburant traverse le champ électrique présent dans la buse 62 et se charge électriquement avant sa pulvérisation de sorte que les gouttelettes chargées possèdent des forces électriques de répulsion aidant sa pulvérisation sous la forme d'un nuage de fines gouttelettes.Thus, the fuel passes through the electric field present in the nozzle 62 and electrically charges before its spraying so that the charged droplets have repulsive electric forces to assist its spraying in the form of a cloud of fine droplets.
L'électrode est formée par des matériaux adaptés à l'émission d'un champ de charge électrique.The electrode is formed by materials adapted to the emission of an electric charge field.
Afin d'obtenir une bonne atomisation du carburant avec notamment des gouttelettes de carburant ayant un diamètre sensiblement compris entre 10 et 30 micromètres, le carburant doit être chargé par de hautes tensions de l'ordre de plusieurs dizaines de kilovolts.In order to obtain a good atomization of the fuel with fuel droplets having a diameter substantially between 10 and 30 microns, the fuel must be loaded by high voltages of the order of several tens of kilovolts.
Le dispositif d'injection électrostatique 60 est alimenté par le générateur haute tension 50 décrit précédemment à la figure 2. Le générateur haute tension 50 alimente à la fois lïnjecteur 61 pour électriser le flux de carburant en utilisant des tensions de plusieurs kilovolts et de faibles intensités pour augmenter la qualité de la pulvérisation du carburant, et commande également l'allumage de la bougie d'allumage 75 pour la combustion du mélange carburé dans la chambre de combustion du moteur.The electrostatic injection device 60 is powered by the high voltage generator 50 previously described in FIG. 2. The high voltage generator 50 supplies both the injector 61 to electrify the fuel flow using voltages of several kilovolts and low intensities. to increase the quality of the fuel spraying, and also controls the ignition of the spark plug 75 for combustion of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine.
L'utilisation d'un générateur haute tension 50 unique est rendue possible par le fonctionnement du moteur à combustion. En effet, dans un premier temps, le générateur haute tension 50 électrise le carburant lors de l'injection de celui-ci dans la chambre de combustion, puis dans un second temps, lorsque l'injection de carburant est effectuée, le générateur haute tension 50 alimente la bougie pour l'allumage du mélange carburé dans la chambre de combustion.The use of a single high voltage generator 50 is made possible by the operation of the combustion engine. Indeed, in a first step, the high voltage generator 50 electrifies the fuel during the injection thereof into the combustion chamber, and then, in a second step, when the fuel injection is performed, the high voltage generator 50 supplies the spark plug for igniting the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
Ainsi selon l'invention, le dispositif d'injection de carburant d'un moteur à injection directe permet d'atomiser le carburant au moyen d'injecteur direct électrostatique sous forme de très fines gouttelettes de carburant électrise dans la chambre de combustion. L'électrisation du carburant permet d'améliorer sensiblement l'atomisation du carburant permettant ainsi de s'affranchir de l'utilisation d'une pompe haute pression coûteuse pour garantir une bonne atomisation du carburant dans la chambre de combustion du moteur.Thus according to the invention, the fuel injection device of a direct injection engine makes it possible to atomize the fuel by means of direct electrostatic injector in the form of very fine droplets of electrified fuel in the combustion chamber. The electrification of the fuel makes it possible to substantially improve the atomization of the fuel thus avoiding the use of an expensive high pressure pump to ensure good atomization of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine.
L'utilisation d'une pompe basse pression entraînée par un moteur électrique permet de découpler l'entrainement de la pompe du régime moteur, ce qui permet également une meilleure montée en pression et une meilleure pulvérisation du carburant lors du démarrage du moteur.The use of a low pressure pump driven by an electric motor makes it possible to decouple the pump drive from the engine speed, which also allows a better increase in pressure and a better atomization of the fuel when starting the engine.
Enfin, à haut régime moteur, la conception du dispositif d'injecteurs directs selon l'invention permet de s'affranchir de l'utilisation de dispositifs annexes de limitation du couplage pompe/moteur thermique.Finally, at high engine speed, the design of the direct injectors device according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with the use of auxiliary devices for limiting the pump / heat engine coupling.
L'invention a été particulièrement décrite pour l'injection directe d'un carburant de type essence ; toutefois l'invention est également applicable à l'injection directe d'un carburant de type diesel. Cependant un ajustement des pressions est nécessaire afin d'obtenir une pulvérisation efficace de ce type de carburant dont les pressions de pulvérisation sont plus importantes.The invention has been particularly described for the direct injection of a gasoline type fuel; however the invention is also applicable to the direct injection of a diesel type fuel. However an adjustment of the pressures is necessary in order to obtain an effective spraying of this type of fuel whose spraying pressures are greater.
Il est à noter que les gains de pression sont particulièrement intéressants dans le cas où l'invention est utilisée avec un carburant de type essence.It should be noted that the pressure gains are particularly interesting in the case where the invention is used with a gasoline type fuel.
L'utilisation d'une pompe basse pression grâce à l'électrisation du carburant permet également de réduire les pressions dans le circuit de circulation du carburant et notamment dans le rail reliant les injecteurs directs. Il est alors possible d'utiliser des matériaux plus économiques que l'aluminium pour le rail, tels que par exemple des matériaux plastiques résistant aux basses pressions requises. The use of a low pressure pump through the electrification of the fuel also reduces the pressures in the fuel circulation circuit and in particular in the rail connecting the direct injectors. It is then possible to use more economical materials than aluminum for the rail, such as for example plastic materials resistant to the low pressures required.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile comportant au moins un injecteur direct (20) pour la pulvérisation dudit carburant dans une chambre de combustion dudit moteur, ledit dispositif d'injection de carburant étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une pompe basse pression (6) pour la mise sous pression dudit carburant ; des moyens pour électriser ledit carburant sous pression, lesdits moyens pour électriser étant intégrés audit au moins un injecteur direct (20) ; ledit carburant électrisé sous pression étant atomisé dans ladite chambre de combustion lors du passage au travers d'au moins un orifice d'injection (28) dudit au moins un injecteur direct (20).A fuel injection device (10) for a motor vehicle direct injection engine comprising at least one direct injector (20) for spraying said fuel into a combustion chamber of said engine, said fuel injection device being characterized in that it comprises: - a low pressure pump (6) for pressurizing said fuel; means for electrifying said fuel under pressure, said means for electrifying being integrated with said at least one direct injector (20); said electrified fuel under pressure being atomized in said combustion chamber when passing through at least one injection port (28) of said at least one direct injector (20).
2. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ladite pompe basse pression (6) est une pompe à engrenage ou une pompe à piston.2. A fuel injection device (10) for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to claim 1 characterized in that said low pressure pump (6) is a gear pump or a piston pump.
3. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2 caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens pour électriser ledit carburant sont formés par une électrode.3. Device (10) for fuel injection for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that said means for electrifying said fuel are formed by an electrode.
4. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens pour électriser ledit carburant sont alimentés par une source d'alimentation en tension (50). 4. Device (10) for injecting fuel for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that said means for electrifying said fuel are supplied by a voltage supply source (50). ).
5. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que ladite source d'alimentation en tension (50) est formée par un circuit RLC résonant.5. A fuel injection device (10) for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to claim 4 characterized in that said voltage supply source (50) is formed by a resonant RLC circuit.
6. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 4 à 5 caractérisé en ce que ladite source d'alimentation en tension (50) délivre une tension de crête supérieure ou égale à 10kV.6. Device (10) for fuel injection for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 4 to 5 characterized in that said voltage supply source (50) delivers a peak voltage greater than or equal to at 10kV.
7. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6 caractérisé en ce que ladite source d'alimentation en tension (50) délivre une tension de crête comprise entre 30 et 4OkV.7. Device (10) for fuel injection for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 4 to 6 characterized in that said voltage supply source (50) delivers a peak voltage of between 30. and 4OkV.
8. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen d'allumage (40, 75) pour la combustion dudit carburant dans ladite chambre de combustion.8. Device (10) for fuel injection motor for direct injection of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that it comprises an ignition means (40, 75) for the combustion of said fuel in said combustion chamber.
9. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen d'allumage (75) est intégré dans ledit au moins un injecteur direct (20).9. A fuel injection device (10) for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to claim 8 characterized in that said ignition means (75) is integrated in said at least one direct injector (20).
10. Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 8 à 9 caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen d'allumage (40, 75) est formé par une bougie à plasma ou une bougie multi-étincelles.10. A fuel injection device (10) for direct injection engine of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 8 to 9 characterized in that said ignition means (40, 75) is formed by a plasma candle or a multi-spark candle.
1 1 . Dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10 caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens pour électriser ledit carburant et ledit moyen d'allumage (40, 75) sont alimentés par ladite source haute tension (50).1 1. Fuel injection device (10) for a motor vehicle direct injection engine according to one of claims 8 to 10 characterized in that said means for electrifying said fuel and said igniting means (40, 75) are powered by said high voltage source (50).
12. Système caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moteur électrique (5) et un dispositif (10) d'injection de carburant pour moteur à injection directe de véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications 1 à 1 1 , ladite pompe basse pression (6) dudit dispositif d'injection étant alimentée par ledit moteur électrique (5). 12. System characterized in that it comprises an electric motor (5) and a device (10) for fuel injection motor for direct injection of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, said low pressure pump (6) said injection device being powered by said electric motor (5).
PCT/EP2009/067222 2008-12-18 2009-12-15 Fuel injection device for motor vehicle direct injection engine WO2010069973A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0807107A FR2940370A1 (en) 2008-12-18 2008-12-18 FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE DIRECT INJECTION ENGINE
FR08/07107 2008-12-18

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3712275A (en) * 1970-05-26 1973-01-23 Petrol Injection Ltd Fuel injection systems
US5297738A (en) * 1991-03-01 1994-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for electrostatic atomization of liquids
US5695328A (en) * 1994-10-04 1997-12-09 Simmonds Precision Engine Systems & Precision Combustion Ignition apparatus using electrostatic nozzle and catalytic igniter
US20040149256A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2004-08-05 Dye Anthony Osborne Fuel injection assembly
EP1460260A2 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-09-22 Sofabex Electric diaphragm type fuel pump for a motor vehicle
EP1662113A2 (en) * 1994-04-10 2006-05-31 McAlister, Roy E. Apparatus for operation of engines

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3712275A (en) * 1970-05-26 1973-01-23 Petrol Injection Ltd Fuel injection systems
US5297738A (en) * 1991-03-01 1994-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for electrostatic atomization of liquids
EP1662113A2 (en) * 1994-04-10 2006-05-31 McAlister, Roy E. Apparatus for operation of engines
US5695328A (en) * 1994-10-04 1997-12-09 Simmonds Precision Engine Systems & Precision Combustion Ignition apparatus using electrostatic nozzle and catalytic igniter
US20040149256A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2004-08-05 Dye Anthony Osborne Fuel injection assembly
EP1460260A2 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-09-22 Sofabex Electric diaphragm type fuel pump for a motor vehicle

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