WO2010068262A1 - Processes and intermediates for carbamoylpyridone hiv integrase inhibitors - Google Patents

Processes and intermediates for carbamoylpyridone hiv integrase inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010068262A1
WO2010068262A1 PCT/US2009/006461 US2009006461W WO2010068262A1 WO 2010068262 A1 WO2010068262 A1 WO 2010068262A1 US 2009006461 W US2009006461 W US 2009006461W WO 2010068262 A1 WO2010068262 A1 WO 2010068262A1
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Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
compound
formula
mixture
added
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PCT/US2009/006461
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French (fr)
Inventor
Brian Alvin Johns
Maosheng Duan
Toshikazu Hakogi
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Glaxosmithkline Llc
Shionogi & Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Glaxosmithkline Llc, Shionogi & Co., Ltd. filed Critical Glaxosmithkline Llc
Priority to JP2011540693A priority Critical patent/JP5572168B2/en
Priority to EP09832232.4A priority patent/EP2376453B1/en
Priority to SG2011035078A priority patent/SG171731A1/en
Priority to KR1020167030006A priority patent/KR101682058B1/en
Priority to CN200980149670.7A priority patent/CN102245572B/en
Priority to EP19204147.3A priority patent/EP3617194B1/en
Priority to US13/128,457 priority patent/US8552187B2/en
Priority to ES09832232T priority patent/ES2763540T3/en
Priority to KR1020117016063A priority patent/KR101678563B1/en
Publication of WO2010068262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010068262A1/en
Priority to US14/018,863 priority patent/US8669362B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
    • C07D213/82—Amides; Imides in position 3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4412—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/69—Two or more oxygen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/803—Processes of preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/803—Processes of preparation
    • C07D213/807—Processes of preparation by oxidation of pyridines or condensed pyridines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention comprises modifications of known processes for synthesizing compounds having HIV integrase inhibitory activity.
  • WO 2006/116764 published 2 November 2006, incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes various compounds and detailed synthetic schemes for their preparation.
  • the 16 th , 27 th and 32 nd steps involve the creation of a -CHO group from a double bond using a reagent which may include osmium tetroxide.
  • Processes are provided which create an aldehyde methylene, or hydrated or hemiacetal methylene attached to a heteroatom of a 6 membered ring without going through an olefinic group and without the necessity of using an osmium reagent.
  • the present invention includes processes for preparing a compound of formula (I):
  • R is -CHO, -CH(OH) 2 or -CH(OH)(OR 4 );
  • P 1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
  • P 3 is H or a carboxy protecting group
  • R 3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
  • R 4 is lower alkyl
  • R x is H, halo or R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)-; R 2 is optionally substituted aryl;
  • X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO 1 SO 2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom;
  • R 1 is H or lower alkyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently lower alkyl or R 5 and R 6 can be alkyl and joined to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring, O H
  • lower alkyl refers to a straight- chain or branched-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isoamyl, n-hexyl and the like.
  • lower cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially saturated carbocyclic ring composed of 3-6 carbons in any chemically stable configuration.
  • suitable carbocyclic groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cyclohexenyl.
  • lower alkenyl refers to a straight- chain or branched-chain alkyl group with one or two carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • alkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, hexadienyl and the like.
  • lower alkylene refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, preferably having from one to six carbon atoms, unless otherwise defined.
  • alkylene as used herein include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene and the like.
  • lower alkenylene refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, one or two carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • lower alkoxy refers to an alkyl ether radical, wherein the term “alkyl” is defined above.
  • suitable alkyl ether radicals include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like.
  • halogen refers fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
  • aryl alone or in combination with any other term, refers to a carbocyclic aromatic moiety (such as phenyl or naphthyl) containing 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 6-10 carbon atoms.
  • aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, phenanthridinyl and the like.
  • aryl also includes each possible positional isomer of an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, such as in 1 -naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 5-tetrahydronaphthyl, 6-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1- phenanthridinyl, 2-phenanthridinyl, 3-phenanthridinyl, 4-phenanthridinyl, 7- phenanthridinyl, 8-phenanthridinyl, 9-phenanthridinyl and 10-phenanthridinyl.
  • aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, phenanthridinyl and the like.
  • aralkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by an aryl. Examples of aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl and phenethyl.
  • heterocyclic group refers to a 3- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring or 8-to 11- membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring system any ring of which is either saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, and which may be optionally benzofused if monocyclic.
  • Each heterocycle consists of one or more carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen atom may optionally be quaternized, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
  • the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any carbon or heteroatom, provided that the attachment results in the creation of a stable structure.
  • Preferred heterocycles include 5-7 membered monocyclic heterocycles and 8-10 membered bicyclic heterocycles.
  • substituents it is understood that the substituents may be attached to any atom in the ring, whether a heteroatom or a carbon atom, provided that a stable chemical structure results.
  • Heteroaromatics or “heteroaryl” are included within the heterocycles as defined above and generally refers to a heterocycle in which the ring system is an aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring radical containing five to twenty carbon atoms, preferably five to ten carbon atoms, in which one or more ring carbons, preferably one to four, are each replaced by a heteroatom such as N, O, S and P.
  • heteroaryl groups include 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryls and 8 - 10 membered bicyclic heteroaryls.
  • heterocycle “heterocyclic” or “heterocyclyl” is a group in which a non-aromatic heteroatom-containing ring is fused to one or more aromatic rings, such as in an indolinyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl or tetrahydro-quinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the non-aromatic heteroatom-containing ring.
  • heterocycle, “heterocyclic” or “heterocyclyl” also included each possible positional isomer of a heterocyclic radical, such as in 1-indolinyl, 2-indolinyl, 3-indolinyl.
  • heterocycles include imidazolyl, imidazolinoyl, imidazolidinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, indazolinolyl, perhydropyridazyl, pyridazyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, quinoxolyl, piperidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolinyl, piperazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, furyl, thienyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, carbolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolidinyl, benzofuranoyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, oxazolyl, oxadiazol
  • Optional substituents are hydroxy, halogen, amino and lower alkyl.
  • Protecting groups may be selected from groups known to those skilled in the art, including protecting groups disclosed in Greene, Theodora W.; Wuts, Peter G. M.. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis. 2nd Ed. (1991 ),473 pp. or Kocienski, Philip J. Protecting Groups. 3rd Ed. 2005, (2005), 679 pp.
  • the present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R 3 is H.
  • the present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound. of formula (I), R is -CHO .
  • the present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R is -CH(OH) 2 .
  • R is -CH(OH)(OR 4 ).
  • R 3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy.
  • the present invention features a process as described above wherein in said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (Ia):
  • the present invention includes processes for preparing a compound of formula (I):
  • R is -CH(OH)(OR 4 );
  • P 1 is a hydroxyl protecting group
  • R 3 is H; R 4 is lower alkyl;
  • R x is R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)-; R 2 is optionally substituted aryl; X is lower alkylene; and R 1 is H;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently lower alkyl
  • the product (Ia) of a synthetic sequence of the present invention can be condensed with an amine, eg of the formula H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, brominated if R x is H, carbonylated and amidated and finally, debenzylated to yield a compound of WO 2006/116764 designated (I-7) at page 240 wherein (R) m is 4-F and R a is H.
  • an amine eg of the formula H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
  • brominated if R x is H carbonylated and amidated
  • debenzylated debenzylated to yield a compound of WO 2006/116764 designated (I-7) at page 240 wherein (R) m is 4-F and R a is H.
  • such a compound may be synthesized according to the invention by starting with (I) where R x is p-F-phenyl-CH 2 -NH-C(O)-, R 3 is H, P 1 is
  • compounds of formula (I) which may be produced by processes of the invention include those of the following formulae (VII), (VIII) and (IX):
  • step i) can be carried out in a protic or aprotic solvent such as EtOH, THF or DMF at a temperature of about 50-150° C for about 1-10 hours.
  • a protic or aprotic solvent such as EtOH, THF or DMF
  • step ii) can be carried out for the diol starting material (Vl) with an oxidizing agent such as NaIO 4 , RuO 4 or Pb(OAc) 4 in a solvent such as H 2 O, MeOH or CH 3 CN at ambient temperature for one or more hours.
  • an oxidizing agent such as NaIO 4 , RuO 4 or Pb(OAc) 4 in a solvent such as H 2 O, MeOH or CH 3 CN at ambient temperature for one or more hours.
  • reaction may be in an acid such as HCI, CF 3 COOH or HCO 2 H optionally with heating.
  • the present invention features a process as described above, wherein said refunctionalizing step ii) comprises demethylating the intermediate of formula (V) to produce the compound of formula (I).
  • the present invention features a process as described above wherein said refunctionalizing step ii) comprises reacting the intermediate of formula (Vl) with NaIO 4 to produce the compound of formula (I).
  • the present invention features a compound of the following formula (V):
  • P 1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group
  • P 3 is H or a carboxy protecting group
  • R 3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino
  • R x is H, halo or R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)-;
  • R 2 is optionally substituted aryl
  • X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO 2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom;
  • R 1 is H or lower alkyl; and R 5 and R 6 are independently lower alkyl or R 5 and R 6 can be alkyl and joined to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring.
  • the present invention features a compound of the formula (V) above wherein R 3 is H.
  • the present invention features a compound of the following formula (Va):
  • P 1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group
  • P 3 is H or a carboxy protecting group
  • R 3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
  • R x is H, halo or R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)-;
  • R 2 is optionally substituted aryl
  • X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO 2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom;
  • R 1 is H or lower alkyl.
  • the present invention features a compound of the formula (V) above wherein R 3 is H.
  • P 1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group
  • P 3 is H or a carboxy protecting group
  • R 3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
  • R" is H, halo or R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)-; R 2 is optionally substituted aryl;
  • X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO 2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom; and R 1 is H or lower alkyl.
  • the present invention features a compound of the formula (V) above wherein R 3 is H.
  • the present invention features a compound of the following formula (I):
  • R is -CH(OH)(OCH 3 ); P 1 is -Bn; P 3 is -CH 3 ; R 3 is -H; and R x is Br.
  • the present invention features a compound of the following formula (14):
  • the present invention features a compound of the following formula (15):
  • P 1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group
  • P 3 is H or a carboxy protecting group
  • R 3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
  • R 1 is H or lower alkyl
  • R x is H, halo or R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)-;
  • R 2 is optionally substituted aryl
  • X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO 2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom.
  • Example 1 The starting material of Example 1e is the compound of formula (Ha) of the invention process which is also shown as compound 5 below and compound #101 at page 113 of WO 2006/116764.
  • the product of the invention process is depicted below as compound 8, which is of the formula (I) of the invention process.
  • the final product shown below as compound 13 is a compound of formula (I-7) at page 240 of WO 2006/116764 wherein (R) m is 2,4-di-F and R a is H, provided, however, that there is an alpha methyl at the position designated R 16 in formula (XXVI) at page 65.
  • Example 1a To a slurry of 200O g of compound 1(1.0 eq.) in 14.0 L of MeCN were added 2848 g of benzyl bromide(1.05 eq.) and 2630 g of K 2 CO 3 (1.2 eq.). The mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 5 h and cooled to 13°C. Precipitate was filtered and washed with 5.0 L of MeCN. The filtrate was concentrated and 3.0 L of THF was added to the residue. The THF solution was concentrated to give 3585 g of crude compound 2 as oil. Without further purification, compound 2 was used in the next step.
  • Example 1d To a mixture of 822 g of compound 4 (1.0 eq.) and 11.2 g of RuCI 3 nH 2 O(0.02 eq.) in 2.47 L of MeCN, 2.47 L of EtOAc and 2.47 L of H 2 O was added 2310 g of NalO 4 (4.0 eq.) at less than 25 0 C. After aging for 1 h, 733 g of NaCIO 2 (3.0 eq.) was added to the mixture at less than 25 0 C. After aging for 1 h, precipitate was filtered and washed with 8.22 L of EtOAc.
  • Example 1i To a slurry of 332 g of compound 9 (1.0 eq.) in 1.66 L of NMP was added 191 g of
  • Example 1j Under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere, a mixture of 33.5 g of compound 10(1.0 eq.), 34.8 mL of /-Pr 2 NEt(2.5 eq.), 14.3 mL of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine(1.5 eq.) and 4.62 g of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (0.05 eq.) in 335 mL of DMSO was stirred at 90 0 C for 5.5 h. After cooling, precipitate was filtered and washed with 50 mL of 2-propanol.
  • Example 1m shows a process for preparation of the crystalline compound 13b which is monohydrate form of compound 13.
  • Example 3a To a slurry of 200O g of compound 1(1.0 eq.) in 14.0 L of MeCN were added 2848 g of benzyl bromide(1.05 eq.) and 2630 g of K 2 CO 3 (1.2 eq.). The mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 5 h and cooled to 13°C. Precipitate was filtered and washed with 5.0 L of MeCN. The filtrate was concentrated and 3.0 L of THF was added to the residue. The THF solution was concentrated to give 3585 g of crude compound 2 as oil. Without further purification, compound 2 was used in the next step.
  • Example 3d To a mixture of 10.0 g of compound 4 and 13.6 mg of RuCI 3 nH 2 O in 95 mL of MeCN and 10 mL of water, mixture of 155mL of water, 7.2 g of hydrosulfuric acid, and 15.5 g of Nal ⁇ 4 was added for 2.5 h at 20 0 C. After aging for 1 h, organic and aqueous layers were separated and aqueous layer was exracted by 3OmL of ethyl acetate. Aqueous layer was exracted again by 3OmL of ethyl acetate and organic layers were combined. 6 mL of 5% NaHSO3 solution was added to the combined organic layer and the layers were separated.
  • the organic layer was adjusted to pH 6.0 by adding 4.Og of 2M NaOH solution and the aqueous layer was separated. After 60 mL of 5% NaHCO 3 solution and 257mg of TEMPO was added, 25.9 g of NaCIO solution was added to the reaction mixture at 25 "C for 1 h and stirred for 30min to check the reaction was finished. After the layers were separated, 42.5mL of 5% Na2SO3 solution and 3OmL of AcOEt were added and separated. The aqueous layer was exracted by 3OmL of AcOEt and separated. 12% H 2 SO 4 was added to the reaction mixture at 20 "C for 1 h and the mixture was cooled to 5 0 C. After the mixture was stirred for 30 min, the mixture was filtered, washed with 30 mL of water twice and dryed to provide 5.7 g of compound 5 (70% yield) as a crystal.
  • Example 3e A mixture of 509 g of compound 5 (1.0 eq.) and 407 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(2.5 eq.) in 1.53 L of EtOH was stirred at 65 0 C for 1 h and at 80 0 C for 6 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-Amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(0.1 eq.) in 200 mL of EtOH 1 the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol (0.1 eq.) in 200 mL of EtOH, the mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 30 min.
  • NMP were added 431 g of NaHCO 3 (3.0 eq.) and 160 mL of methyl iodide(1.5 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After cooling to 5 °C, 1.71 L of 2N HCI and 1.15 L of 20% NaClaq were added to the mixture at less than 10 0 C to give crystal of compound 7. Filtration, washing with 1.73 L of H 2 O and drying provided 507 g of compound 7 (89% yield) as a crystal.
  • Example 3g To a mixture of 15.O g of compound 7(1.0 eq.) in 70.9 g of MeCN, a mixture of 60 mL of
  • Pr 2 NEt 12.8 g of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine, 335 mg of Pd(OAc) 2 and 1.9 g of 1 ,4- bis(diphenylphosphino)butane in 188 mL of DMA was stirred at 85 0 C for 4 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was devided and 10/25 of mixture was used for next step. 6.6 g of AcOEt, 29.9 g of water and 3 mg of seed crystal were added to the reaction mixture at 40 °C. After stirring for 7min, 29.9 g of water was added and cooled to room temperature.
  • Example A depicts a utility for the invention process in providing an intermediate for the compound of formula 17 below which is isomeric to the compound ZZ-2 at page 237 of WO 2006/116764 to Brian Johns et al.
  • Example Ad Under hydrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 184 g of compound 16 (1.0 eq.) and 36.8 g of 10%Pd-C in 3.31 L of THF and 0.37 L of MeOH was stirred for 3 h. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C), washing with THF/MeOH(9/1) and addition of 36.8 g of 10% Pd-C, the mixture was stirred for 20 min under hydrogen atmosphere. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C) and washing with THF/MeOH(9/1), the filtrate was concentrated. After 200 mL of AcOEt was added to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 17. The precipitates were combined and extracted with 4.0 L of CHCl 3 /MeOH(5/1).
  • This Example B utilizes a process to insert a ring nitrogen in place of oxygen in a pyrone ring and create an aldehyde equivalent by an osmium oxidation of a double bond.
  • this example is not within the scope of this invention and is provided to demonstrate the utility of the intermediates produced according to the process of the invention.
  • the compound F below is a final product (VIII) of the invention process and is here taken on to a product I below which is within the structure (I-7) where (R) m is 4-F and R a is H at page 240 of WO 2006/116764.
  • Example Bb To an ice cooled aqueous (465 ml) solution of sodium chlorite (38.4 g, 424 mmol) and sulfamic acid (54.9 g, 566 mmol), acetone (465 ml) solution of compound B (46.5 g, 202 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 40 minutes at room temperature. After removing acetone in vaccuo, precipitates were collected by filtration and washed with cold water. Compound C (42.8 g, 86%) was obtained as colorless crystal.
  • Example C shows a refunctionalization of a compound 6 as shown above in Example 1 (of formula (Vl)), including a bromination at the R" position, to yield final products 20 and 21 (of formula (I)) of the invention.
  • Such compounds with Br at the R x position can be reacted as in Examples 1 and 2 to add the R 2 -X-NR 1 -C(O)- sidechain.
  • the reaction vessel was slowly charged with cold 20% brine solution composed of 8.7 kg NaCI, 20 kg of deionized water and 14.8 kg of ice at a maximum temperature of 10 0 C.
  • the mixture was agitated at 0-10 0 C for 2.5 h.
  • the slurry was filtered under vacuum and the cake washed with 15 kg of deionized water two times.
  • the wet solid product was dried at 45-55 0 C under vacuum until constant weight was obtained.
  • the desired product methyl 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 7 was obtained as a light yellow solid (3.77 kg, 99.42% purity by HPLC, 84%).
  • a reactor was charged with (3.759 kg, 11.27 mol) of methyl 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo- 3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 7 and 18.8 L of DMF.
  • N-bromosuccinimide 2.220 kg, 12.47 mol
  • the resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. At this time less than 1% of starting material was present by HPLC.
  • the mixture was worked up in half batches by cooling to 10 0 C and added an ice/water mixture (12 kg ice in 35 kg deionized water) and the mixture was agitated, then filtered. This was repeated for the second half of the batch.
  • the combined filter cake was washed with 14 L of water and dired in a vaccum oven to provide 4.033 kg of methyl 5-bromo-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4- oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 19 (91.6%) as an off-white powder of 99.2% HPLC purity.
  • This Example shows a reaction of a compound 5 of formula (II) with one of (III) in step i) and a refunctionalization step ii) of compounds of formula (V) (compounds 22, 23, 24 and 25) in producing compounds of formula (I) according to the process of the invention.
  • a pressure vessel was charged with methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-bromo-4-oxo-3- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 24 (6.4g, 15 mmol), 2,4- difluorobenzylamine (3.2g, 22.5 mmol), K 3 PO 4 (9.45g, 45mmol), Pd(OCOCF 3 ) 2 (398mg, 1.2 mmol), Xantophos (694mg, 1.2 mmol) and toluene (200 mL). The mixture was purged by CO (4X) before being heated to 100 0 C for 22 hours under CO atmosphere (60psi).
  • Methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-( ⁇ [(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]amino ⁇ carbonyl)-4-oxo- 3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 25 (11.6 g ) was treated with 90% formic acid (250 mL) at 40 0 C for -12 hours (monitored by LC-MS). After the solvents were evaporated at ⁇ 40 0 C, the residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc ( ⁇ 1 L) and the resulting solution was washed with NaHCO 3 and brine. The organic phase was then dried over Na 2 SO 4 .

Abstract

Processes are provided which create an aldehyde methylene, or hydrated or hemiacetal methylene attached to a heteroatom of a 6 membered ring without going through an olefinic group and without the necessity of using an osmium reagent. In particular, a comopound of formula (I) can be produced from (II) and avoid the use of an allyl amine: (formulae I and II) where R, P 1 P3, R3 and Rx are as described herein.

Description

PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES FOR CARBAMOYLPYRIDONE HIV INTEGRASE
INHIBITORS
Field of the Invention
The present invention comprises modifications of known processes for synthesizing compounds having HIV integrase inhibitory activity.
Background of the Invention
WO 2006/116764 published 2 November 2006, incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes various compounds and detailed synthetic schemes for their preparation. In particular, the 16th, 27th and 32nd steps involve the creation of a -CHO group from a double bond using a reagent which may include osmium tetroxide.
Summary of the Invention
Processes are provided which create an aldehyde methylene, or hydrated or hemiacetal methylene attached to a heteroatom of a 6 membered ring without going through an olefinic group and without the necessity of using an osmium reagent.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention includes processes for preparing a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000002_0001
wherein
R is -CHO, -CH(OH)2 or -CH(OH)(OR4); P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
R4 is lower alkyl;
Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-; R2 is optionally substituted aryl;
X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO1 SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom; and
R1 is H or lower alkyl;
comprising the steps of:
i) reacting a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000003_0001
with an amine of formula (III) or (IV):
OR5
Figure imgf000003_0002
wherein R5 and R6 are independently lower alkyl or R5 and R6 can be alkyl and joined to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring, O H
to produce an intermediate of formula (V) or (Vl), respectively:
Figure imgf000004_0001
and ϋ) refunctionalizing (V) or (Vl) to produce (I).
The term "lower alkyl", alone or in combination with any other term, refers to a straight- chain or branched-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isoamyl, n-hexyl and the like.
The term "lower cycloalkyl" refers to a saturated or partially saturated carbocyclic ring composed of 3-6 carbons in any chemically stable configuration. Examples of suitable carbocyclic groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cyclohexenyl.
The term "lower alkenyl," alone or in combination with any other term, refers to a straight- chain or branched-chain alkyl group with one or two carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples of alkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, hexadienyl and the like. The term "lower alkylene" refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, preferably having from one to six carbon atoms, unless otherwise defined. Examples of "alkylene" as used herein include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene and the like.
The term "lower alkenylene" refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, one or two carbon-carbon double bonds.
The term "lower alkoxy" refers to an alkyl ether radical, wherein the term "alkyl" is defined above. Examples of suitable alkyl ether radicals include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like.
The term "halogen" refers fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
The term "aryl" alone or in combination with any other term, refers to a carbocyclic aromatic moiety (such as phenyl or naphthyl) containing 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 6-10 carbon atoms. Examples of aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, phenanthridinyl and the like. Unless otherwise indicated, the term "aryl" also includes each possible positional isomer of an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, such as in 1 -naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 5-tetrahydronaphthyl, 6-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1- phenanthridinyl, 2-phenanthridinyl, 3-phenanthridinyl, 4-phenanthridinyl, 7- phenanthridinyl, 8-phenanthridinyl, 9-phenanthridinyl and 10-phenanthridinyl. Examples of aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, phenanthridinyl and the like. The term "aralkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted by an aryl. Examples of aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl and phenethyl.
The term "heterocyclic group," and "heterocycle" as used herein, refer to a 3- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring or 8-to 11- membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring system any ring of which is either saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, and which may be optionally benzofused if monocyclic. Each heterocycle consists of one or more carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen atom may optionally be quaternized, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring. The heterocyclic ring may be attached at any carbon or heteroatom, provided that the attachment results in the creation of a stable structure. Preferred heterocycles include 5-7 membered monocyclic heterocycles and 8-10 membered bicyclic heterocycles. When the heterocyclic ring has substituents, it is understood that the substituents may be attached to any atom in the ring, whether a heteroatom or a carbon atom, provided that a stable chemical structure results. "Heteroaromatics" or "heteroaryl" are included within the heterocycles as defined above and generally refers to a heterocycle in which the ring system is an aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring radical containing five to twenty carbon atoms, preferably five to ten carbon atoms, in which one or more ring carbons, preferably one to four, are each replaced by a heteroatom such as N, O, S and P.
Preferred heteroaryl groups include 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryls and 8 - 10 membered bicyclic heteroaryls. Also included within the scope of the term "heterocycle, "heterocyclic" or "heterocyclyl" is a group in which a non-aromatic heteroatom-containing ring is fused to one or more aromatic rings, such as in an indolinyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl or tetrahydro-quinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the non-aromatic heteroatom-containing ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the term "heterocycle, "heterocyclic" or "heterocyclyl" also included each possible positional isomer of a heterocyclic radical, such as in 1-indolinyl, 2-indolinyl, 3-indolinyl. Examples of heterocycles include imidazolyl, imidazolinoyl, imidazolidinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, indazolinolyl, perhydropyridazyl, pyridazyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, quinoxolyl, piperidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolinyl, piperazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, furyl, thienyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, carbolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolidinyl, benzofuranoyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, oxopiperidinyl, oxopyrrolidinyl, oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, isoxozolyl, isothiazolyl, furazanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazoyl, dioxolyl, dioxinyl, oxathiolyl, benzodioxolyl, dithiolyl, thiophenyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, sulfolanyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, tetahydrofurodihydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranodihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetradyrofurofuranyl and tetrahydropyranofuranyl.
Optional substituents are hydroxy, halogen, amino and lower alkyl.
Protecting groups may be selected from groups known to those skilled in the art, including protecting groups disclosed in Greene, Theodora W.; Wuts, Peter G. M.. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis. 2nd Ed. (1991 ),473 pp. or Kocienski, Philip J. Protecting Groups. 3rd Ed. 2005, (2005), 679 pp. The present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R3 is H.
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound. of formula (I), R is -CHO .
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R is -CH(OH)2.
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R is -CH(OH)(OR4).
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy.
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (VII):
Figure imgf000007_0001
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (Ia):
Figure imgf000007_0002
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (VIII):
Figure imgf000008_0001
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (IX):
Figure imgf000008_0002
The present invention features a process as described above wherein in said compound of formula (II) is of the formula (Na):
Figure imgf000008_0003
The present invention includes processes for preparing a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000008_0004
wherein
R is -CH(OH)(OR4);
P1 is a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H;
R3 is H; R4 is lower alkyl;
Rx is R2-X-NR1-C(O)-; R2 is optionally substituted aryl; X is lower alkylene; and R1 is H;
comprising the steps of:
iii) reacting a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000009_0001
with an amine of formula (III):
OR5
H,N (III)
OR6
wherein R5 and R6 are independently lower alkyl,
to produce an intermediate of formula (V)
Figure imgf000009_0002
and iv) refunctionalizing (V) to produce (I).
Specific compounds used in the processes of the present invention include those of the following formulae (Ua)1 (Via), (VIb) and (Ia) utilized in Examples which follow:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
OB n
-C H,
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000010_0004
The product (Ia) of a synthetic sequence of the present invention can be condensed with an amine, eg of the formula H2NCH2CH2CH2OH, brominated if Rx is H, carbonylated and amidated and finally, debenzylated to yield a compound of WO 2006/116764 designated (I-7) at page 240 wherein (R)m is 4-F and Ra is H. Alternatively, such a compound may be synthesized according to the invention by starting with (I) where Rx is p-F-phenyl-CH2-NH-C(O)-, R3 is H, P1 is benzyl (Bn) and P3 is a carboxy protecting group.
In addition, compounds of formula (I) which may be produced by processes of the invention include those of the following formulae (VII), (VIII) and (IX):
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000011_0003
In more detail, step i) can be carried out in a protic or aprotic solvent such as EtOH, THF or DMF at a temperature of about 50-150° C for about 1-10 hours.
In more detail, step ii) can be carried out for the diol starting material (Vl) with an oxidizing agent such as NaIO4 , RuO4 or Pb(OAc)4 in a solvent such as H2O, MeOH or CH3CN at ambient temperature for one or more hours. For the acetal type starting material such as (V), reaction may be in an acid such as HCI, CF3COOH or HCO2H optionally with heating.
Step ii) can also involve refunctionalization at the Rx postion, eg RX=H to Rx=Br optionally with further refunctionalization to RX=R2-X-NR1-C(O)-. Step ii) can also involve refunctionalization of P3, eg P3=H to P3=Me.
The present invention features a process as described above, wherein said refunctionalizing step ii) comprises demethylating the intermediate of formula (V) to produce the compound of formula (I). The present invention features a process as described above wherein said refunctionalizing step ii) comprises reacting the intermediate of formula (Vl) with NaIO4 to produce the compound of formula (I).
The present invention features a compound of the following formula (V):
Figure imgf000012_0001
wherein
P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group; R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino; Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-;
R2 is optionally substituted aryl;
X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom;
R1 is H or lower alkyl; and R5 and R6 are independently lower alkyl or R5 and R6 can be alkyl and joined to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring.
The present invention features a compound of the formula (V) above wherein R3 is H. The present invention features a compound of the following formula (Va):
Figure imgf000012_0002
wherein P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-;
R2 is optionally substituted aryl; X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom; and
R1 is H or lower alkyl.
The present invention features a compound of the formula (V) above wherein R3 is H.
The present invention features a compound of the following formula (Vl):
OP1 n
Figure imgf000013_0001
wherein P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino; R" is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-; R2 is optionally substituted aryl;
X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom; and R1 is H or lower alkyl. The present invention features a compound of the formula (V) above wherein R3 is H.
The present invention features a compound of the following formula (I):
OP1 o
P3
(I)
RR33 I
R wherein
R is -CH(OH)(OCH3); P1 is -Bn; P3 is -CH3; R3 is -H; and Rx is Br.
The present invention features a compound of the following formula (14):
Figure imgf000014_0001
The present invention features a compound of the following formula (15):
Figure imgf000014_0002
The present invention features a compound of the following formula (I):
Figure imgf000015_0001
wherein
R Js-CH(OH)2;
P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group; P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
R1 is H or lower alkyl; Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-;
R2 is optionally substituted aryl; and
X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom.
In the following examples and throughout this specification, the following abbreviations may be used: Me (methyl), Bn (benzyl), Aq (aqueous), Et (ethyl), C (centrigrade).
The following examples are intended for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 The starting material of Example 1e is the compound of formula (Ha) of the invention process which is also shown as compound 5 below and compound #101 at page 113 of WO 2006/116764. The product of the invention process is depicted below as compound 8, which is of the formula (I) of the invention process. The final product shown below as compound 13 is a compound of formula (I-7) at page 240 of WO 2006/116764 wherein (R)m is 2,4-di-F and Ra is H, provided, however, that there is an alpha methyl at the position designated R16 in formula (XXVI) at page 65.
N 1) RuCI3/Nal04
Figure imgf000016_0002
Figure imgf000016_0001
2
Figure imgf000016_0003
13 Thus, in the above sequence for Example 1, compound 5 is identical to compound 101 at page 113 of WO 2006/116764 and to formula (Ha) of the process of the present invention; compound 6 above is identical to formula (Via) of the process of the present invention; compound 7 above is identical to formula (VIb) of the process of the present invention; and compound 8 is identical to formula (Ia) of the process of the present invention. Step i) of the invention process is 5 to 6 above while step ii) is 6 to 8.
Example 1a To a slurry of 200O g of compound 1(1.0 eq.) in 14.0 L of MeCN were added 2848 g of benzyl bromide(1.05 eq.) and 2630 g of K2CO3(1.2 eq.). The mixture was stirred at 80 0C for 5 h and cooled to 13°C. Precipitate was filtered and washed with 5.0 L of MeCN. The filtrate was concentrated and 3.0 L of THF was added to the residue. The THF solution was concentrated to give 3585 g of crude compound 2 as oil. Without further purification, compound 2 was used in the next step.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.60 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.4-7.3 (m, 5H), 6.37 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (S, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H).
Example 1b
To 904 g of the crude compound 2 was added 5.88 L of THF and the solution was cooled to -60 0C. 5.00 L of 1.0 M of Lithium bis(trimethylsilylamide) in THF(1.25 eq.) was added dropwise for 2 h to the solution of compound 2 at -60 0C. Then, a solution of 509 g of benzaldehyde(1.2 eq.) in 800 mL of THF was added at -60 0C and the reaction mixture was aged at -60 0C for 1 h. The THF solution was poured into a mixture of 1.21 L of conc.HCI, 8.14 L of ice water and 4.52 L of EtOAc at less than 2 0C. The organic layer was washed with 2.71 L of brine (twice) and the aqueous layer was extracted with 3.98 L of EtOAc. The combined organic layers were concentrated. To the mixture, 1.63 L of toluene was added and concentrated (twice) to provide toluene slurry of compound 3. Filtration, washing with 0.90 L of cold toluene and drying afforded 955 g of compound 3 (74% yield from compound 1) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.62 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.5-7.2 (m, 10H), 6.38 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.95 (dd, J = 4.8, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J = 9.0, 14.1 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (dd, J = 4.8, 14.1 Hz, 1 H).
Example 1c
To a solution of 882 g of compound 3 (1.0 eq.) in 8.82 L of THF were added 416 g of Et3N(1.5 eq.) and 408 g of methanesulfonyl chlohde(1.3 eq.) at less than 30 0C. After confirmation of disappearance of compound 3, 440 mL of NMP and 1167 g of DBU(2.8 eq.) were added to the reaction mixture at less than 30 0C and the reaction mixture was aged for 30 min. The mixture was neutralized with 1.76 L of 16% sulfuric acid and the organic layer was washed with 1.76 L of 2% Na2S03aq. After concentration of the organic layer, 4.41 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated (tree times). After addition of 4.67 L of hexane, the mixture was cooled with ice bath. Filtration, washing with 1.77 L of hexane and drying provided 780 g of compound 4 (94% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.69 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.22 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (s, 2H).
Example 1d To a mixture of 822 g of compound 4 (1.0 eq.) and 11.2 g of RuCI3 nH2O(0.02 eq.) in 2.47 L of MeCN, 2.47 L of EtOAc and 2.47 L of H2O was added 2310 g of NalO4(4.0 eq.) at less than 25 0C. After aging for 1 h, 733 g of NaCIO2(3.0 eq.) was added to the mixture at less than 25 0C. After aging for 1 h, precipitate was filtered and washed with 8.22 L of EtOAc. To the filtrate, 1.64 L of 50% Na2S203aq, 822 mL of H2O and 630 ml. of coc.HCI were added. The aqueous layer was extracted with 4.11 L of EtOAc and the organic layers were combined and concentrated. To the residue, 4 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated and cooled with ice bath. Filtration, washing with 1 L of toluene and drying provided 372 g of compound 5 (56% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.78 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.54-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.48 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H)1 5.6 (brs, 1 H), 5.31 (s, 2H).
Example 1e
A mixture of 509 g of compound 5 (1.0 eq.) and 407 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(2.5 eq.) in 1.53 L of EtOH was stirred at 65 0C for 1 h and at 80 0C for 6 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-Amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(0.1 eq.) in 200 mL of EtOH, the mixture was stirred at 80 0C for 1 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol (0.1 eq.) in 200 mL of EtOH, the mixture was stirred at 80 0C for 30 min. After cooling and addition of 509 mL of H2O, the mixture was concentrated. To the residue, 2.54 L of H2O and 2.54 L of AcOEt were added. After separation, the aqueous layer was washed with 1.02 L of EtOAc. To the aqueous layer, 2.03 L of 12% sulfuric acid was added at less than 12 0C to give crystal of compound 6. Filtration, washing with 1.53 L of cold H2O and drying provided 576 g of compound 6 (83% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.67 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.5-7.2 (m, 5H), 6.40 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 1 H), 3.9-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.38 (dd, J = 4.2, 10.8 Hz1 1 H), 3.27 (dd, J = 6.0, 10.8 Hz, 1H).
Example 1f
To a slurry of 576 g of compound 6(1.0 eq.: 5.8% of H2O was contained) in 2.88 L of NMP were added 431 g of NaHCO3(3.0 eq.) and 160 mL of methyl iodide(1.5 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After cooling to 5 0C, 1.71 L of 2N HCI and 1.15 L of 20% NaClaq were added to the mixture at less than 10 0C to give crystal of compound 7. Filtration, washing with 1.73 L of H2O and drying provided 507 g of compound 7 (89% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.59 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.28 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H)1 5.21 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.07 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (dd, J = 2.4, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.70 (dd, J = 9.0, 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.65-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.40-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.14 (m, 1 H).
Example 1g
To a mixture of 507 g of compound 7(1.0 eq.) in 5.07 L of MeCN, 5.07 L of H2O and 9.13 g of AcOH(0.1 eq.) was added 390 g of NalO4(1.2 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After addition of 1.52 L of 10% Na2S203aq., the mixture was concentrated and cooled to 10 CC. Filtration, washing with H2O and drying provided 386 g of compound 8 (80% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-Cf6) δ 7.62 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 5H), 6.33 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.95-4.85 (m, 1 H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.74 (d,
J = 5.1 Hz, 2H).
Example 1h
After dissolution of a mixture of 378 g of compound 8 (1.0 eq.) in 3.78 L of MeOH by heating, the solution was concentrated. To the residue, 1.51 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated. To the residue, 1.89 L of toluene, 378 mL of AcOH and 137 g of (R)-3-Amino-butan-1-ol(1.3 eq.) were added and the mixture was heated to 90 0C, stirred at 90 "C for 2.5 h and concentrated. To the residue, 1.89 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated. The residue was extracted with 3.78 L and 1.89 L of CHCI3 and washed with 2 x 1.89 L of H2O. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. To the residue, 1.89 L of EtOAc was added and the mixture was concentrated. After addition of 1.89 L of EtOAc, filtration, washing with 1.13 L of EtOAc and drying provided 335 g of compound 9 (83% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.70-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.35 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.28 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (dd, J = 3.9, 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.05-4.90 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (dd, J = 3.9, 13.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 3H), 2.23-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.48 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4.5, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.30 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 1i To a slurry of 332 g of compound 9 (1.0 eq.) in 1.66 L of NMP was added 191 g of
NBS(1.1 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After addition of 1.26 L of H2O, the mixture was stirred for 30 min. After addition of 5.38 L of H2O and aging of the mixture at 10 0C for 30 min and at 5 0C for 1 h, filtration, washing with 1.33 L of cold H2O and drying provided 362 g of compound 10 (89% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.69-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.24 (m, 3H), 5.33 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.25 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (dd, J = 3.9, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.05-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J = 3.9, 13.2 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.88 (m, 3H), 2.21-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.49 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4.5, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 1j Under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere, a mixture of 33.5 g of compound 10(1.0 eq.), 34.8 mL of /-Pr2NEt(2.5 eq.), 14.3 mL of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine(1.5 eq.) and 4.62 g of Pd(PPh3)4(0.05 eq.) in 335 mL of DMSO was stirred at 90 0C for 5.5 h. After cooling, precipitate was filtered and washed with 50 mL of 2-propanol. After addition of 502 mL of H2O and 670 mL of AcOEt to the filtrate, the organic layer was washed with 335 mL of 0.5N HCIaq. and 335 mL of H2O and the aqueous layer was extracted with 335 mL of AcOEt. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. To the residue, 150 mL of 2-propanol was added and the mixture was concentrated. After addition of 150 mL of 2- propanol, concentration, cooling to 20 0C and filtration, crude crystal of compound 11 was obtained. After dissolution of the crude crystal in 380 mL of acetone by heating, precipitate was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. After addition of 200 mL of EtOH, concentration, addition of 150 mL of EtOH, concentration, cooling and filtration, crude crystal of compound 11 was obtained. After dissolution of the crude crystal in 450 mL of acetone by heating, the solution was concentrated. To the residue, 150 mL of 2- propanol was added and the mixture was concentrated (twice). After cooling of the residue, filtration, washing with 2-propanol and drying provided 34.3 g of compound 11 (84% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 10.40 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1 H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.24 (m, 5H), 6.78-6.74 (m, 2H), 5.30 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H)1 5.26 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (dd, J = 3.9, 5.7 Hz, 1 H)1 5.05-4.90 (m, 1 H), 4.64 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (dd, J = 3.9, 13.5, 1 H), 4.09 (dd, J = 6.0, 13.2 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.88 (m, 2H), 2.24-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.50 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4.5, 14.1 Hz, 1 H)1 1.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz1 3H).
Example 1k
Under hydrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 28.0 g of compound 11(1.0 eq.) and 5.6 g of 10% Pd-C in 252 mL of THF and 28 mL of MeOH was stirred for 1 h. After precipitate
(Pd-C) was filtered and washed with 45 mL of THF, 5.6 g of 10% Pd-C was added and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 h under hydrogen atmosphere. After Pd-C was filtered and washed with 150 mL of CHCl3/MeOH(9/1 ), the filtrate was concentrated. After dissolution of the residue in 1.38 L of EtOH by heating, the solution was gradually cooled to room temperature. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated and cooled. Filtration, washing with EtOH and drying provided 21.2 g of compound 12 (92% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.51 (s, 1H), 10.36 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.39 (td, J = 8.7, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 2.6, 9.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.00 (m, 1H), 5.44 (dd, J = 3.9, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.90-4.70 (m, 1 H), 4.65-4.50 (m, 1 H), 4.54 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (dd, J = 6.0, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.10-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.86 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.33 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 11
After dissolution of 18.0 g of compound 12 (1.0 eq.) in 54 mL of EtOH by heating, followed by filtration, 21.5 mL of 2N NaOHaq.(1.0 eq.) was added to the solution at 80 0C. The solution was gradually cooled to room temperature. Filtration, washing with 80 mL of EtOH and drying provided 18.8 g of compound 13 (99% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.70 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1 H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 1H), 5.22-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.87-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.25 (m, 1 H), 4.16 (dd, J = 1.8, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.05-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.86- 3.74 (m, 1 H), 2.00-1.72 (m, 1 H), 1.44-1.32 (m, 1 H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 1m
Example 1m shows a process for preparation of the crystalline compound 13b which is monohydrate form of compound 13.
After dissolution of 30.0 g of compound 13 (1.0 eq.) in 600 mL of THF-water solution (8:2) by 30 0C, 36.OmL of 2N NaOHaq (1.0 eq.) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The precipitation was filtered, washing with 150 mL of THF-water solution (8:2), 150 mL of THF. Drying at 85 0C and humidity conditioning provided 30.4 g of compound 13b (monohydrate form of compound 13, 93% yield) as a crystal.
Example 3
Example 3a To a slurry of 200O g of compound 1(1.0 eq.) in 14.0 L of MeCN were added 2848 g of benzyl bromide(1.05 eq.) and 2630 g of K2CO3(1.2 eq.). The mixture was stirred at 80 0C for 5 h and cooled to 13°C. Precipitate was filtered and washed with 5.0 L of MeCN. The filtrate was concentrated and 3.0 L of THF was added to the residue. The THF solution was concentrated to give 3585 g of crude compound 2 as oil. Without further purification, compound 2 was used in the next step.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.60 (d, J = 5.7 Hz1 1H), 7.4-7.3 (m, 5H), 6.37 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 2.09 (S, 3H).
Example 3b
To 904 g of the crude compound 2 was added 5.88 L of THF and the solution was cooled to -60 0C. 5.00 L of 1.0 M of Lithium bis(trimethylsilylamide) in THF(1.25 eq.) was added dropwise for 2 h to the solution of compound 2 at -60 0C. Then, a solution of 509 g of . benzaldehyde(1.2 eq.) in 800 ml. of THF was added at -60 0C and the reaction mixture was aged at -60 0C for 1 h. The THF solution was poured into a mixture of 1.21 L of conc.HCI, 8.14 L of ice water and 4.52 L of EtOAc at less than 2 0C. The organic layer was washed with 2.71 L of brine (twice) and the aqueous layer was extracted with 3.98 L of EtOAc. The combined organic layers were concentrated. To the mixture, 1.63 L of toluene was added and concentrated (twice) to provide toluene slurry of compound 3.
Filtration, washing with 0.90 L of cold toluene and drying afforded 955 g of compound 3
(74% yield from compound 1) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.62 (d, J = 5.7 Hz1 1H)1 7.5-7.2 (m, 10H), 6.38 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.09 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (dd, J = 4.8, 9.0 Hz,
1H), 3.01 (dd, J = 9.0, 14.1 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (dd, J = 4.8, 14.1 Hz, 1H).
Example 3c
To a solution of 882 g of compound 3 (1.0 eq.) in 8.82 L of THF were added 416 g of Et3N(1.5 eq.) and 408 g of methanesulfonyl chloride(1.3 eq.) at less than 30 0C. After confirmation of disappearance of compound 3, 440 mL of NMP and 1167 g of DBU(2.8 eq.) were added to the reaction mixture at less than 30 0C and the reaction mixture was aged for 30 min. The mixture was neutralized with 1.76 L of 16% sulfuric acid and the organic layer was washed with 1.76 L of 2% Na2S03aq. After concentration of the organic layer, 4.41 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated (tree times). After addition of 4.67 L of hexane, the mixture was cooled with ice bath. Filtration, washing with 1.77 L of hexane and drying provided 780 g of compound 4 (94% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.69 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.25 (m, 10H)1 7.22 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (s, 2H).
Example 3d To a mixture of 10.0 g of compound 4 and 13.6 mg of RuCI3 nH2O in 95 mL of MeCN and 10 mL of water, mixture of 155mL of water, 7.2 g of hydrosulfuric acid, and 15.5 g of Nalθ4was added for 2.5 h at 20 0C. After aging for 1 h, organic and aqueous layers were separated and aqueous layer was exracted by 3OmL of ethyl acetate. Aqueous layer was exracted again by 3OmL of ethyl acetate and organic layers were combined. 6 mL of 5% NaHSO3 solution was added to the combined organic layer and the layers were separated. The organic layer was adjusted to pH 6.0 by adding 4.Og of 2M NaOH solution and the aqueous layer was separated. After 60 mL of 5% NaHCO3 solution and 257mg of TEMPO was added, 25.9 g of NaCIO solution was added to the reaction mixture at 25 "C for 1 h and stirred for 30min to check the reaction was finished. After the layers were separated, 42.5mL of 5% Na2SO3 solution and 3OmL of AcOEt were added and separated. The aqueous layer was exracted by 3OmL of AcOEt and separated. 12% H2SO4 was added to the reaction mixture at 20 "C for 1 h and the mixture was cooled to 5 0C. After the mixture was stirred for 30 min, the mixture was filtered, washed with 30 mL of water twice and dryed to provide 5.7 g of compound 5 (70% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.78 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.46 (m, 2H)1 7.40-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.48 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.6 (brs, 1H)1 5.31 (s, 2H).
Example 3e A mixture of 509 g of compound 5 (1.0 eq.) and 407 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(2.5 eq.) in 1.53 L of EtOH was stirred at 65 0C for 1 h and at 80 0C for 6 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-Amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(0.1 eq.) in 200 mL of EtOH1 the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol (0.1 eq.) in 200 mL of EtOH, the mixture was stirred at 80 0C for 30 min. After cooling and addition of 509 mL of H2O, the mixture was concentrated. To the residue, 2.54 L of H2O and 2.54 L of AcOEt were added. After separation, the aqueous layer was washed with 1.02 L of EtOAc. To the aqueous layer, 2.03 L of 12% sulfuric acid was added at less than 12 0C to give crystal of compound 6. Filtration, washing with 1.53 L of cold H2O and drying provided 576 g of compound 6 (83% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz1 DMSO-d6) δ 7.67 (d, J = 7.5 Hz1 1H)1 7.5-7.2 (m, 5H), 6.40 (d, J = 7.5 Hz1 1 ^, 5.07 (8, 2^, 4.2-4.0 ^, 1H), 3.9-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.38 (dd, J = 4.2, 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.27 (dd, J = 6.0, 10.8 Hz, 1 H).
Example 3f To a slurry of 576 g of compound 6 (1.0 eq.: 5.8% of H2O was contained) in 2.88 L of
NMP were added 431 g of NaHCO3 (3.0 eq.) and 160 mL of methyl iodide(1.5 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After cooling to 5 °C, 1.71 L of 2N HCI and 1.15 L of 20% NaClaq were added to the mixture at less than 10 0C to give crystal of compound 7. Filtration, washing with 1.73 L of H2O and drying provided 507 g of compound 7 (89% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSOd6) δ 7.59 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.28 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.21 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.07 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.83 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.97 (dd, J = 2.4, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.70 (dd, J = 9.0, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.14 (m, 1 H).
Example 3g To a mixture of 15.O g of compound 7(1.0 eq.) in 70.9 g of MeCN, a mixture of 60 mL of
H2O, 2.6 g of H2SO4 and 11.5 g of NaIO4 was added in the range between 17 0C to 140C. After the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, precipitate was filtered. The filterate was added to the solution of 11.8 g of ascorbic acid sodium salt, 64 g of water and 60mg of H2SO4. After the mixture was concentrated, cooling to 5 0C, filtration, washing with H2O and drying provided 12.9 g of compound 8 (90% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.62 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 5H), 6.33 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.95-4.85 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.74 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H).
Example 3h
A mixture of 10.0 g of compound 8 and 33.3 g of diglyme were added the solution of 3.3 g of (R)-3-Amino-butan-1-ol in 4.7 g of diglyme and 1.0 g of acetic acid at 600C. After the reaction mixture was stirred at 95 0C for 9 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to -5 0C and filtered. The wet crystal was washed and dryed to give 8.3 g of compound 9 (78%). XRD data:
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.70-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.35 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (dd, J = 3.9, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.05-4.90 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (dd, J = 3.9, 13.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.00-3.86 (m, 3H), 2.23-2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.48 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4.5, 13.8 Hz, 1 H), 1.30 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 3i
To slurry of 5.7 g of NBS in 26.5 g of dichloromethane was added 10 g of compound 9 in
92.8 g of dichloromethane at room temperature. After thr reaction mixture was stirred for 6.5h, the reaction mixture was added to the solution of 2.Og Na2SO3 and 40.3 g of water. The organic layer was washed with diluted NaOH solution and water, dichloromethane was concentrated and was displaced by methanol. The mixture was cooled to -5 0C and filtered and the wet crystal was washed and dryed to give 10.3 g of compound 10 (84%). 1H NMR(300 MHz1 CDCI3) δ 7.69-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.59 (s, 1 H), 7.38-7.24 (m, 3H), 5.33 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (dd, J = 3.9, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.05-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J = 3.9, 13.2 Hz, 1 H)1 4.02-3.88 (m, 3H), 2.21-2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.49 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4.5, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 3j
Under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere, a mixture of 25.0 g of compound 10, 11.6g of /-
Pr2NEt, 12.8 g of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine, 335 mg of Pd(OAc)2 and 1.9 g of 1 ,4- bis(diphenylphosphino)butane in 188 mL of DMA was stirred at 850C for 4 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was devided and 10/25 of mixture was used for next step. 6.6 g of AcOEt, 29.9 g of water and 3 mg of seed crystal were added to the reaction mixture at 40 °C. After stirring for 7min, 29.9 g of water was added and cooled to room temperature. The crystal was filtered at room temperature and washed by 47.2 g of ethanol to give 10.1 g of compound 11 (83% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 10.40 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 2H)1 7.42-7.24 (m, 5H), 6.78-6.74 (m, 2H), 5.30 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H)1 5.26 (d, J = 10.2 Hz1 1 H)1 5.15 (dd, J = 3.9, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.05-4.90 (m, 1H)1 4.64 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (dd, J = 3.9, 13.5, 1 H), 4.09 (dd, J = 6.0, 13.2 Hz, 1H)1 4.02-3.88 (m, 2H), 2.24-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.50 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4.5, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).
Example 3k
Under hydrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 4.0 g of compound 11 and 0.8g of 50% wet 5%
Pd-C in 67.6 mL of THF and 1.6 mL of H2O was stirred for 1.5 h at 5O0C. After mixture of 80mg of NaHSO3 and 2.OmL of purified water was added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h, precipitate was filtered, washed with 20 mL of THF, and the filtrate was concentrated to 11.97g. After adding 6.7mL of ethanol and 33.6mL of purified water over 1h, reaction mixture was cooled to 25°C. Filtration, washing with 26.9mL of EtOH and drying provided 2.33 g of compound 12 (82% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-Cf6) δ 12.51 (s, 1 H), 10.36 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H)1 8.50 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (td, J = 8.7, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 2.6, 9.5, 10.8 Hz1 1H), 7.12-7.00 (m, 1H)1 5.44 (dd, J = 3.9, 5.7 Hz1 1 H)1 4.90-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.50 (m, 1 H), 4.54 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (dd, J = 6.0, 13.8 Hz, 1H)1 4.10-3.98 (m, 1 H)1 3.96-3.86 (m, 1 H), 2.10-1.94 (m, 1H)1 1.60-1.48 (m, 1 H)1 1.33 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example 3I
After dissolution of 18.0 g of compound 12 (1.0 eq.) in 54 mL of EtOH by heating, followed by filtration, 21.5 mL of 2N NaOHaq.(1.0 eq.) was added to the solution at 80 0C. The solution was gradually cooled to room temperature. Filtration, washing with 80 mL of EtOH and drying provided 18.8 g of compound 13 (99% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz1 DMSO-cfe) δ 10.70 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1 H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 1 H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 1 H), 5.22-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.87-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J = 1.8, 14.1 Hz, 1H), 4.05-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.86- 3.74 (m, 1 H), 2.00-1.72 (m, 1 H), 1.44-1.32 (m, 1 H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
Example A
The starting material of Example A is compound 8, which is identical to formula (Ia) of the process of the present invention. Thus, Example A depicts a utility for the invention process in providing an intermediate for the compound of formula 17 below which is isomeric to the compound ZZ-2 at page 237 of WO 2006/116764 to Brian Johns et al.
Figure imgf000026_0001
NaOHaq./EtOH
Figure imgf000026_0003
Figure imgf000026_0002
Example Aa
After dissolution of mixture of 320 g of compound 8 (1.0 eq.) in 3.20 L of MeOH by heating, the solution was concentrated. To the residue, 1.66 L of MeCN, 5.72 mL of AcOH(0.1 eq.) and 82.6 g of (S)-2-Amino-propan-1-ol(1.1 eq.) were added and the mixture was heated to 70 °C, stirred at 70 CC for 4 h and concentrated. To the residue, 1.67 L of 2-propanol was added and the mixture was concentrated (twice). After cooling of the residue, filtration, washing with 500 ml_ of cold 2-propanol and drying provided 167 g of compound 14 (52% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.53 (d, J = 7.2, 1H), 5.46 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.20 (dd, J = 3.9, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.46- 4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.31 (dd, J = 6.6, 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.14 (dd, J = 3.9, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (dd, J = 9.9, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.62 (dd, J = 6.9, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H).
Example Ab
To slurry of 156 g of compound 14 (1.0 eq.) in 780 mL of NMP was added 93.6 g of NBS(L 1 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was added to 3.12 L of H2O. Filtration, washing with 8.0 L of H2O and drying provided 163 g of compound 15 (84% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz1 DMSO-d6) δ 8.37 (s, 1 H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.25 (m, 3H), 5.34
(dd, J = 3.6, 9.9 Hz1 1H)1 5.18 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H)1 5.03 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (dd, J = 3.6, 12.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.40-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, J = 9.9, 11.7 Hz1 1H)1 3.64 (dd, J = 5.7, 8.1
Hz1 1H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.3 Hz1 3H).
Example Ac
Under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere, a mixture of 163 g of compound 15 (1.0 eq.), 163 mL of /-Pr2NEt(2.5 eq.), 68.4 mL of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine(1.5 eq.) and 22.5 g of Pd(PPh3)4(0.05 eq.) in 816 mL of DMSO was stirred at 90 0C for 7 h. After cooling, removal of precipitate, washing with 50 mL of DMSO and addition of 11.3 g of Pd(PPh3J4(0.025 eq.), the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 0C for 2 h under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere again. After cooling, removal of precipitate and addition of 2.0 L of AcOEt and 2.0 L of H2O, the organic layer was washed with 1.0 L of 1 N HCIaq. and 1.0 L of H2O (twice) and the aqueous layer was extracted with 1.0 L of AcOEt. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. Silica gel column chromatography of the residue provided 184 g of compound 16 (96% yield) as foam. 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 10.38 (t, J = 6.3 Hz1 1H)1 8.39 (s, 1 H), 7.75-7.25 (m, 7H)1 6.90-6.70 (m, 2H), 5.43 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.24 (d, J = 10.2 Hz1 1 H)1 5.19 (dd, J = 3.9, 9.9 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 6.0 Hz1 2H), 4.50-4.25 (m, 3H), 3.86 (dd, J = 9.9, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.66 (dd, J = 6.9, 8.4 Hz1 1 H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H).
Example Ad Under hydrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 184 g of compound 16 (1.0 eq.) and 36.8 g of 10%Pd-C in 3.31 L of THF and 0.37 L of MeOH was stirred for 3 h. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C), washing with THF/MeOH(9/1) and addition of 36.8 g of 10% Pd-C, the mixture was stirred for 20 min under hydrogen atmosphere. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C) and washing with THF/MeOH(9/1), the filtrate was concentrated. After 200 mL of AcOEt was added to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 17. The precipitates were combined and extracted with 4.0 L of CHCl3/MeOH(5/1). After concentration of the CHCI3ZMeOH solution and addition of 250 mL of AcOEt to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 17. The crude solids were combined and dissolved in 8.2 L of MeCN/H2O(9/1) by heating. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated. To the residue, 1.5 L of EtOH was added and the mixture was concentrated (three times). After cooling of the residue, filtration and drying provided 132 g of compound 17 (88% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.47 (brs, 1H), 10.31 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (td, J = 8.6, 6.9 Hz1 IH), 7.24 (ddd, J = 2.6, 9.4, 10.6, 1 H), 7.11-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.39 (dd, J = 4.1 , 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.89 (dd, J = 4.2, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (dd, J = 6.8, 8.6 Hz, 1 H)1 4.36^.22 (m, 1 H), 4.00 (dd, J = 10.2, 12.3 Hz1 1 H), 3.67 (dd, J = 6.7, 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H).
Example Ae
After dissolution of 16.0 g of compound 17 (1.0 eq.) in 2.56 L of EtOH and 0.64 L of H2O by heating, followed by filtration, 39 mL of 1 N NaOHaq.(1.0 eq.) was added to the solution at 75 0C. The solution was gradually cooled to room temperature. Filtration, washing with
80 mL of EtOH and drying provided 13.5 g of compound 18 (80% yield) as a crystal.
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-CZ6) δ 10.73 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1 H),
7.25-7.16 (m, 1 H), 7.07-6.98 (m, 1 H), 5.21 (dd, J = 3.8, 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.58 (dd, J = 3.8, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.30-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.75 (dd, J = 10.0, 12.1 Hz1 1H),
3.65-3.55 (m, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).
Example B
This Example B utilizes a process to insert a ring nitrogen in place of oxygen in a pyrone ring and create an aldehyde equivalent by an osmium oxidation of a double bond. Thus, this example is not within the scope of this invention and is provided to demonstrate the utility of the intermediates produced according to the process of the invention. In particular, the compound F below is a final product (VIII) of the invention process and is here taken on to a product I below which is within the structure (I-7) where (R)m is 4-F and Ra is H at page 240 of WO 2006/116764.
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000029_0002
DMSO
H
Figure imgf000029_0003
Example Ba
To a bromobenzene (238 ml) solution of compound A (23.8 g, 110 mmol), selene dioxide (24.4 g, 220 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 13 hours at 140 0C with removing water by Dean-Stark trap. Insoluble particles were removed by filtration after cooling, and solvent was evaporated. Toluene was added to the residue and precipitates were filtered off. After concentration in vaccuo, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / ethyl acetate). Compound B (16.5 g, 65%) was obtained as yellow oil. 1H-NMR (CDCI3) δ: 5.51 (2H, s), 6.50(1 H, d, J=5.4Hz), 7.36(5H, s), 7.75(1 H, d, J=5.4Hz), 9.88(1 H, s).
Example Bb To an ice cooled aqueous (465 ml) solution of sodium chlorite (38.4 g, 424 mmol) and sulfamic acid (54.9 g, 566 mmol), acetone (465 ml) solution of compound B (46.5 g, 202 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 40 minutes at room temperature. After removing acetone in vaccuo, precipitates were collected by filtration and washed with cold water. Compound C (42.8 g, 86%) was obtained as colorless crystal. 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δ: 5.12(2H, s), 6.54(1 H, d, J=5.6Hz), 7.33-7.46(5H, m), 8.20(1 H1 d, J=5.6Hz).
Example Bc
An ethanol (17 ml) solution of allylamine (13.2g 231 mmol) was added to an ethanol (69 ml) suspension of compound C (17.2 g, 70 mmol), then the mixture was stirred for 4.5 hours at 50 0C and for 3 hours at 75 0C. To the cooled reaction mixture, 2N hydrochloric acid and ice were added and precipitates were collected by filtration. Compound D was obtained as colorless crystal.
1H-NMR(CDCI3) δ: 4.37(2H, brs), 4.95(2H, s), 5.26-5.39(2H, m), 5.81-5.94(1 H, m), 6.32(1 H, dd, J=0.8, 7.2Hz), 7.29-7.37(3H, m), 7.48-7.51(2H, m), 7.99(1 H, dd, J=0.8,
7.6Hz), 8.11(1 H, brs).
Example Bd
To an acetonitrile (146 ml) suspension of compound D (14.6 g, 51 mmol), 1 ,8- diazabicyco[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (15.5 g, 102 mmol) and methyl iodide (18.2 g, 128 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. After evaporating solvent, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform / methanol). Compound E (14.2 g, 93%) was obtained as colorless solid. 1H-NMR(CDCI3) δ: 3.75(3H, s), 4.40(2H, d, J=5.7Hz), 5.16-5.35(2H, m), 5.29(2H, s), 5.81- 5.94(1 H, m), 6.62(1 H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.27-7.42(6H, m).
Example Be
To a diethyl ether (390 ml) solution of compound E (13.3 g, 44 mmol), potassium osmate(VI) dihydrate (1.62 g, 4.4 mmol) and sodium metaperiodate (28.1 g, 132 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours at room temperature and precipitates were collected by filtration. Collected solid was dissolved in chloroform-methanol and insoluble particles were filtered off. Concentration in vaccuo gave crude product of compound F (14.3 g).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 3.23 (3H, s), 3.82 (3H1 s), 3.87 (2H, t, J= 4.4Hz), 4.62 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 4.8 Hz), 5.11 (2H, s), 6.31 (1H1 d, J= 7.5 Hz), 6.78 (1 H, d, J= 6.6 Hz), 7.33-7.40 (5H, m), 7.64 (1 H, d, J= 7.5 Hz).
Example Bf
To chloroform (108 ml) and methanol (12 ml) solution of compound F (11.7 g, crude product), 3-aminopropanol (2.77g, 36.9 mmol), and acetic acid (1.2 ml) were added and the mixture was stirred for 90 minutes at 70 0C. After concentrating in vaccuo, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform / methanol). Compound G
(8.48 g, 72% for 2 steps) was obtained as colorless cryatal.
1H-NMR(CDCI3) δ: 1.54-1.64(1 H1 m), 1.85-2.01(1H1 m), 3.00(1H1 dt, J=3.6, 12.9Hz),
3.74(1H, dt, J=2.7, 12.3Hz), 3.93(1 H1 dd, J=5.1 , 13.5Hz)1 4.07-4.21(2H1 m), 4.63-4.69(1H, m), 4.94(1H1 1, J=4.8Hz), 5.25(2H1 dd, J=10.2, 24.6Hz), 6.56(1H1 d, J=7.5Hz), 7.22-
7.38(5H, m), 7.63-7.66(2H, m).
Example Bg
To acetic acid (93 ml) solution of compound G (6.1 g, 18.7 mmol), acetic acid (31 ml) solution of bromine (1.44 ml, 28.0 mmol) was added dropwisely during 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. After addition of 5% aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite (8 ml), 2N sodium hydroxide (500ml) was added dropwisely during 20 minutes. Precipitates were collected by filtration and washed with mixture of dichloromethane and diisopropyl ether. Compound H (6.02 g, 79%) was obtained as colorless crystal.
1H-NMR(DMSO-Cf6) δ: 1.55-1.74(2H1 m), 3.12(1H1 dt, J=3.0, 12.3Hz)1 3.84(1H1 dt, J=2.7, 11.7Hz), 4.00-4.05(1H, m), 4.20-4.26(1H, m), 4.40-4.46(2H, m), 5.03(2H, s), 5.15- 5.17(1 H1 m), 7.31-7.40(3H, m), 7.56-7.58(2H1 m), 8.39(1 H, s).
Example Bh
To dimethyl sulfoxide (1.42 ml) solution of compound H (71 mg, 0.175 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (25 mg, 0.035 mmol), 4-fluorobenzyl amine (0.06 ml, 0.525 mmol) and diisopropyl amine (0.15 ml, 0.875 mmol) were added, then the mixture was stirred under carbon monoxide atmosphere for 5 hours at 80 0C. After cooling, saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Solvent was removed in vaccuo and the residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate / methanol). Compound I (74.5 mg, 89%) was obtained as colorless crystal.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δ: 1.58-1.74(2H1 m), 3.10-3.18(1H, m), 3.80-3.88(1 H, m), 4.02- 4.07(1H, m), 4.43-4.59(5H1 m), 5.05(2H, s), 5.20(1 H, t, J=3.9Hz), 7.13-7.19(2H, m), 7.32- 7.40(5H1 m), 7.56-7.59(2H1 m), 8.61(1 H1 s).
Example C
Synthesis of methyl 5-bromo-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-
[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate (in equillibrium with the corresponding aldehyde)
This Example C shows a refunctionalization of a compound 6 as shown above in Example 1 (of formula (Vl)), including a bromination at the R" position, to yield final products 20 and 21 (of formula (I)) of the invention. Such compounds with Br at the Rx position can be reacted as in Examples 1 and 2 to add the R2-X-NR1-C(O)- sidechain.
Figure imgf000032_0001
19
Figure imgf000032_0002
20 21
Example Ca
Methyl 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylate
Figure imgf000033_0001
A reactor was charged with 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4- dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid 6 (4.302 kg, 13.47 mol) followed by charging with
NaHCO3 (1.69 kg, 20.09 mol) and 242 g of deionized water. To this was added 21.4 kg of NMP and the mixture was stirred and temperature brought to 28-35 0C. Dimethyl sulfate (2.34 kg, 18.30 mol) was added dropwise via an addition funnel to the reaction mixture over 1-3 hours keeping the temperature at 28-330C. The slurry was agitated at this temperature for 14 h. When deemed complete, the reaction mixture was cooled to 5 0C or below and the mixture was neutralized to pH 6 by the addition of HCI (561 ml_ of cone HCI in 2806 g of deionized water). The reaction vessel was slowly charged with cold 20% brine solution composed of 8.7 kg NaCI, 20 kg of deionized water and 14.8 kg of ice at a maximum temperature of 100C. The mixture was agitated at 0-100C for 2.5 h. The slurry was filtered under vacuum and the cake washed with 15 kg of deionized water two times. The wet solid product was dried at 45-55 0C under vacuum until constant weight was obtained. The desired product methyl 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 7 was obtained as a light yellow solid (3.77 kg, 99.42% purity by HPLC, 84%). 1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.60 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 5 H), 6.28 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.10 (Abq, J = 10.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.85 (m, 1 H), 3.98 (dd, J = 14.3, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.70 (dd, J = 14.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (m, 1 H), 3.23 (m, 1 H).
Example Cb Methyl 5-bromo-1 -(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylate.
Figure imgf000034_0001
19
A reactor was charged with (3.759 kg, 11.27 mol) of methyl 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo- 3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 7 and 18.8 L of DMF. To this agitated mixture at 18-20 0C was added N-bromosuccinimide (2.220 kg, 12.47 mol) over 20 minutes via a powder funnel. The resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. At this time less than 1% of starting material was present by HPLC. The mixture was worked up in half batches by cooling to 10 0C and added an ice/water mixture (12 kg ice in 35 kg deionized water) and the mixture was agitated, then filtered. This was repeated for the second half of the batch. The combined filter cake was washed with 14 L of water and dired in a vaccum oven to provide 4.033 kg of methyl 5-bromo-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4- oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 19 (91.6%) as an off-white powder of 99.2% HPLC purity. 1H NMR(300 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.41-7.33 (m, 5 H), 5.16 (s, 2 H), 4.17 (dd, J = 14.3, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.90 (dd, J = 14.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (m, 1 ), 3.52 (dd, J = 11.3, 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.41 (dd, J = 11.3, 6.3 Hz, 1 H).
Example Cc
Methyl 5-bromo-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4- dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate (in equilibrium with the corresponding aldehyde)
Figure imgf000034_0002
10 21
19 20 A reactor was charged with sodium periodate (1.67 kg, 7.8 mol) and 44 L of deionized water. To the agitated mixture was added 8.5 kg of ice. This was stirred until all the ice melted and the mixture temperature was 1.4 0C. To this was added methyl 5-bromo-1- (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyhdinecarboxylate 19 (2.73 kg, 6.62 mol) via a powder addition funnel. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt and the slurry was stirred for 16 h. A sample was monitored by 1H NMR and showed the disappearance of starting material. The mixture was filtered and the cake washed with 20 kg of deionized water. This was repeated until a negative starch/iodide paper result was obtained (4X20 L washes). The solids were dried in a vaccum oven at 45-55 0C to provide methyl 5-bromo-1-(2,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylate 20 (2.176 kg, 88%) as a mixture with the corresponding aldehyde form 21. Purity was determined to be 99.5% by HPLC. 1H NMR(300 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 8.12 (s, 1 H), 7.49-7.30 (m, 5 H)1 5.56 (dd, J = 6.0, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (m, 1 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 3.97 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H).
Example 2
Methyl 5-({[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]amino}carbonyl)-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]- 4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate (in equillibrium with the corresponding aldehyde)
This Example shows a reaction of a compound 5 of formula (II) with one of (III) in step i) and a refunctionalization step ii) of compounds of formula (V) (compounds 22, 23, 24 and 25) in producing compounds of formula (I) according to the process of the invention.
Figure imgf000036_0001
22
Figure imgf000036_0002
23 24 25
Figure imgf000036_0003
26 27
Example 2a
1-[2,2-Bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid
Figure imgf000036_0004
22
To a flask (1 L) charged with 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added 49.2g (0.2 mol) of 4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid 5. The suspension was slowly heated to 55-60 0C before addition of 2-amino-acetaldehyde-dimethylacetal (84.1g, 0.8 mole). The reaction was then brought up to 650C and further stirred for 18 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to produce 1-[2,2-Bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-4- oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid 22 (crude) as brown oil, which was used for the next step directly.
Example 2b
Methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyrid inecarboxylate
Figure imgf000037_0001
22 23 Crude 1 -[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylic acid 22 obtained as above was dissolved in DMF (500 ml_). To this solution was added NaHCO3 (50.5g, 0.6 mole). The suspension was stirred vigorously with a mechanic stirrer while CH3I in TBME (2.0 M, 300 ml_) was introduced by addition funnel over 30 minutes. After addition, the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (~1.5L) and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. Evaporation of solvents gave methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro- 2-pyridinecarboxylate 23 as brown oil, which was used directly for the next step.
Example 2c
Methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-bromo-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylate
Figure imgf000038_0001
23 24
A 2L flask equipped with a mechanic stirrer were charged with methyl 1-[2,2- bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 23 as obtained above and 500 mL of dichloromethane. To this flask was added NBS (30 g, 0.17mole) portion-wise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature until its completion (monitored by TLC, ~6 hours). The mixture was then diluted with dichloromethane and washed with NaHCO3 (ss). The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 before evaporation of the solvents. The crude product was purified by column chromatargraphy ( silcal gel, EtOH/DCM: 0-40%) to afford methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-bromo-4-oxo-3- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 24 as a light brown solid (5Og, 60 % over three steps). 1H NMR (400 MHz1 CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.7 (s, 1 H), 7.4 (m, 2 H), 7.3 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 3 H), 5.3 (s, 2 H), 4.4 (s, 1 H), 3.8 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.8 (s, 3 H), 3.4 (s, 6 H). LC-MS (M+H+): calcd 426, obsd 426.
Example 2d
Methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-({[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]amino}carbonyl)-4-oxo- 3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate
Figure imgf000038_0002
24 25
A pressure vessel was charged with methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-bromo-4-oxo-3- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 24 (6.4g, 15 mmol), 2,4- difluorobenzylamine (3.2g, 22.5 mmol), K3PO4 (9.45g, 45mmol), Pd(OCOCF3)2 (398mg, 1.2 mmol), Xantophos (694mg, 1.2 mmol) and toluene (200 mL). The mixture was purged by CO (4X) before being heated to 100 0C for 22 hours under CO atmosphere (60psi). After cooled down to the room temperature, the solids were filtered off through celite and washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated and the residual was purified by column chromatography ( silical gel, EtOAc/hexane 0~80%) to afford methyl 1-[2,2- bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-({[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]amino}carbonyl)-4-oxo-3- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 25 as a light brown oil (4.7g, 61%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 10.4 (m, 1 H), 8.4 (s, 1 H), 7.4 (m, 6 H), 6.8 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 2 H), 5.3 (s, 2 H), 4.6 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2 H), 4.5 (s, 1 H), 4.0 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.8 (S, 3 H), 3.4 (s, 6 H). LC-MS (M+H+): calcd 517, obsd 517.
Example 2e
Methyl 5-({[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]amino}carbonyl)-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]- 4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate (in equilibrium with the corresponding aldehyde)
Figure imgf000039_0001
25 26 27
Methyl 1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-({[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]amino}carbonyl)-4-oxo- 3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2-pyridinecarboxylate 25 (11.6 g ) was treated with 90% formic acid (250 mL) at 40 0C for -12 hours (monitored by LC-MS). After the solvents were evaporated at <40 0C, the residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc (~ 1 L) and the resulting solution was washed with NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase was then dried over Na2SO4. After evaporation of solvents, the titled compounds 26 and 27 were obtained as an approximate 80/20 equillibrium mixture (10.57g). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 10.3 (m, 1 H)1 9.47 (s, aldehyde-H. -0.2 H)), 8.4 (m, 1 H), 7.3 (s, 6 H), 7.2 (m, 1 H), 7.0 (m, 1 H), 6.3 (m, 2 H), 5.1 (s, 3 H), 4.9 (m, 1 H), 4.5 (m, 3 H), 3.9 (m, 2 H), 3.8 (s, 3 H). LC-MS, for 26 (M+H+), calcd 503, obsd 503; for 27 (M+H2O+H+), cald 489, obsd 489.

Claims

What is Claimed is:
1. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000040_0001
wherein
R is -CHO, -CH(OH)2 Or -CH(OH)(OR4); P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group; P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino; R4 is lower alkyl; Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-; R2 is optionally substituted aryl;
X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O1 S, SO, SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom; and
R1 is H or lower alkyl, which comprises the steps of: i) reacting a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000040_0002
with an amine of formula (III) or (IV): OR5
Figure imgf000041_0001
wherein R5 and R6 are independently lower alkyl or R5 and R6 can be alkyl and joined to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring,
O H
H7N. ,OH (IV)
to produce an intermediate of formula (V) or (Vl), respectively:
Figure imgf000041_0002
and ii) refunctionalizing (V) or (Vl) to produce (I).
2. The process of Claim 1 , wherein in said compound of formula (I), R is -CHO.
3. The process of Claim 1 , wherein in said compound of formula (I), R is -CH(OH)2.
4. The process of Claim 1 , wherein in said compound of formula (I), R is -CH(OH)(OR4).
5. The process of Claim 2, wherein said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (VII):
Figure imgf000042_0001
6. The process of Claim 3, wherein said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (Ia):
Figure imgf000042_0002
7. The process of Claim 4, wherein said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (VIII):
Figure imgf000042_0003
8. The process of Claim 4, wherein said compound of formula (I) is of the formula (IX):
Figure imgf000042_0004
9. The process of Claim 1 , wherein said compound of formula (II) is of the formula (Ha):
Figure imgf000043_0001
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein in in said compound of formula (I), R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy.
11. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000043_0002
wherein R iS -CH(OH)(OR4);
P1 is a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H;
R3 is H;
R4 is lower alkyl; Rx is R2-X-NR1-C(O)-;
R2 is aryl optionally subsituted with one or more halogen;
X is lower alkylene; and
R1 is H;
comprising the steps of:
v) reacting a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000043_0003
with an amine of formula (III): OR5
Figure imgf000044_0001
wherein R5 and R6 are independently lower alkyl,
to produce an intermediate of formula (V)
Figure imgf000044_0002
and vi) refunctionalizing (V) to produce (I).
12. The process of Claim 1 , wherein said refunctionalizing step ii) comprises demethylating the intermediate of formula (V) to produce the compound of formula (I).
13. The process of Claim 1 , wherein said refunctionalizing step ii) comprises reacting the intermediate of formula (Vl) with NaIO4 to produce the compound of formula (I).
14. The process of Claim 1 , wherein R3 is H.
15. A compound of the following formula (V):
Figure imgf000044_0003
wherein
P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group; P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-;
R2 is optionally substituted aryl;
X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S, SO, SO2 , and NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom;
R1 is H or lower alkyl; and
R5 and R6 are independently lower alkyl or R5 and R6 can be alkyl and joined to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring.
16. The compound of Claim 15, which has the following formula (Va):
Figure imgf000045_0001
17. A compound of the following formula (Vl):
Figure imgf000045_0002
wherein
P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino;
Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-;
R2 is optionally substituted aryl; X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O, S1 SO, SO2 , and
NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom; and
R1 is H or lower alkyl.
18. A compound of the following formula (I):
Figure imgf000046_0001
wherein
R is -CH(OH)(OCH3); P1 is -Bn; P3 Js -CH3;
R3 is -H; and Rx is Br.
19. A compound of Claims 16, 17 or 18, wherein R3 is -H.
20. A compound of the following formula (14):
Figure imgf000046_0002
21. A compound of the following formula (15):
Figure imgf000047_0001
22. A compound of the following formula (I):
Figure imgf000047_0002
wherein
R Js-CH(OH)2; P1 is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;
P3 is H or a carboxy protecting group;
R3 is H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkenyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, optionally substituted heterocycleoxy and optionally substituted amino; R1 is H or lower alkyl; Rx is H, halo or R2-X-NR1-C(O)-; R2 is optionally substituted aryl; and X is a single bond, a heteroatom group selected from O1 S, SO, SO2 , and
NH or loweralkylene or lower alkenylene wherein each may be intervened by the heteroatom.
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