WO2010066161A1 - 立轴风力发电系统 - Google Patents

立轴风力发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010066161A1
WO2010066161A1 PCT/CN2009/075105 CN2009075105W WO2010066161A1 WO 2010066161 A1 WO2010066161 A1 WO 2010066161A1 CN 2009075105 W CN2009075105 W CN 2009075105W WO 2010066161 A1 WO2010066161 A1 WO 2010066161A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main
wing
vertical axis
cantilever
generation system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/075105
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏大庆
甘乐军
Original Assignee
中金富华能源科技有限公司
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2010066161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010066161A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/218—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis with horizontally hinged vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind power generation system that utilizes wind energy to obtain clean energy, and more particularly to a vertical axis wind power generation system. Background technique
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis wind power generation system, which can effectively avoid damage caused by a severe strong wind environment, and the system operation is safer and more stable.
  • the invention provides a vertical axis wind power generation system, comprising: a plurality of main air wings respectively mounted on an outer end of a corresponding main cantilever; a main cantilever fixed a hub and a main shaft, driving the generator device to generate electric power, and the inside of each main cantilever
  • the end is connected with the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft; the tower column supports the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft; and the windward area adjusting device is used to change the windward area of the main wing.
  • the effect of the present invention relative to the prior art is remarkable: when a bad strong wind environment occurs, the windward area adjustment device can change the windward area of the main wind wing, thereby effectively avoiding the wind damage caused by the strong wind to the system. Improve the safety and stability of the system operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a preferred vertical axis wind power generation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the vertical axis wind power generation system of FIG. 1 adjusting the vertical opening angle of the main air wing to a horizontal level by a vertical angle adjustment type windward area adjusting device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vertical wind power adjustment system of the present invention having another vertical angle adjustment type of windward area adjustment device.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic views showing an embodiment of the vertical wind power generation system of the present invention having a windward area adjustment device of the first type of area adjustment (including the folded wing portion) before and after the main airfoil is folded.
  • Fig. 6 is still another embodiment of the windward area adjusting device of Figs.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the embodiment of the windward area adjusting device of the vertical axis wind power generation system of the present invention having the second area adjusting type (including the bellows) before and after the main airfoil is expanded and contracted.
  • Figs. 8, 8a to 8d are schematic diagrams showing respective states of an embodiment of a windward area adjusting device (moving blade in the form of a louver) of a third type of area adjustment type of the vertical axis wind power generation system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing that the vertical axis wind power generation system of the present invention changes the support angle of the main suspension arm by controlling the zoom of the main suspension arm.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the main cantilever of the vertical axis wind power generation system of the present invention as a double beam main cantilever.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the strong wind warning system of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a vertical axis wind power generation system, comprising: a plurality of main wind wings 1 installed at an outer end of a corresponding main cantilever 2, an inner end of the main cantilever 2 and a main cantilever fixed hub and a main shaft 3 Connected, the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft 3 drive the generator device 4 to generate electric power.
  • the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft 3 are ellipsoidal, and the column 5 supports the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft 3 to support the entire vertical axis wind power generation system.
  • the main cantilever 2, the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft 3 drive the generator device 4 to generate electric power.
  • the improvement of the vertical axis wind power generation system is: also includes a windward area adjusting device 6, which is adjusted by the windward area when a bad strong wind environment occurs The device 6 can change the windward area of the main wing 1 and reduce the wind resistance to effectively avoid the wind damage caused by the strong wind to the system, and the system operation is safer and more stable.
  • a maintenance platform 51 can be disposed on the periphery of the tower 5 near the generator unit 4 to facilitate system maintenance.
  • a control center 85 is provided inside the tower 5 for system control.
  • a preferred embodiment of the windward area adjustment device 6 is a vertical angle adjustment.
  • the type of the knot, the windward area adjusting device 6 changes the windward area by changing the working principle of the vertical opening angle of the main wing 1.
  • the main wing 1 is of a unitary form, and a main wing control power source 61 is mounted on the main cantilever 2, and the main wing 1 is vertically pivotally connected to the outer end of the main cantilever 2 through the main wing connecting shaft 62, in the main wing 1 and the main
  • the main wing control member 63 is connected between the wing control power source 61, and preferably two main wing control members 63 on each of the main cantilevers 2 are symmetrically connected to the upper and lower ends of the main wing 1 and the main wind.
  • the main wind wing 1 of the vertical axis wind power generation system is in the wind Rotating power is generated by driving, and the main wing connecting shaft 62, the main cantilever 2, the main cantilever fixing hub and the main shaft 3 drive the generator device 4 to generate electric power, and when the strong wind environment is encountered, the windward area adjusting device 6 passes the main
  • the wind wing control power source 61 and the main air wing control member 63 enable the main air wing 1 to adjust the vertical opening angle around the main air wing connecting shaft 62 until it is completely horizontally contracted, thereby greatly reducing the main air wing 1 in a strong wind environment.
  • the windward area in the middle is possible.
  • the main airfoil control power source 61 is disposed on the main boom 2, and in another embodiment, the main wing control power source 61 may also be disposed on the main boom fixed hub and the main shaft 3. Or it can be provided on the main wing 1 as long as power can be supplied, and the drawings are not provided.
  • the main airfoil control power source 61 is a hoisting motor
  • the main airfoil control member 63 is a main airfoil control cable 631, when the system encounters a harsh strong wind environment, such as As shown in Fig.
  • the vertical opening angle of the main airfoil 1 is adjusted in the direction indicated by the arrow by the hoisting motor and the main airfoil control cable 631 until it is completely horizontally contracted.
  • the main airfoil control power source 61 is a hydraulic pump (not shown), and the main airfoil control member 63 is a hydraulic pull rod.
  • the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft 3 have a disc shape, and other structures are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and will not be repeated.
  • This embodiment can also adjust the vertical opening angle of the main wing 1 as well. .
  • the main airfoil control power source 61 can also be a rotating electric machine, and the main airfoil control member 63 is a telescopic screw, and the vertical opening angle of the main airfoil 1 can also be adjusted until it is completely horizontally contracted.
  • Other combinations of the main airfoil control power source 61 and the main airfoil control member 63 may also be employed without limitation.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the windward area adjusting device 6 is of the area adjustment type, which does not change the vertical winding area by changing the vertical opening angle of the main airfoil 1, but positively changes the main wind. The windward area of the wing 1 itself.
  • the main airfoil 1 includes two folding wings 11, and the two folding wings 11 are pivotally connected to each other by a pivoting member 12, respectively.
  • the outer end of the cantilever 2, the two folding wings 11 constitute a split main wind wing 1, the windward area adjusting device 6 of the area adjustment type is the same as the windward area adjusting device 6 of the above vertical angle adjusting type, still in the main cantilever 2
  • the upper main wing control power source 61 is specifically a hoist motor, and a main wing control member 63 is connected between the two folding wings 11 of the main wing 1 and the main wing control power source 61.
  • the control cable 631 is composed of two folding wings 11, a main wing control power source 61 and a main wing control member 63, and the windward area adjusting device 6 is configured to control the power in the main wing when the system encounters a strong wind environment.
  • the two folding wings 11 are folded back to fold back to adjust the windward area of the main wing 1, and the process of returning the two folding wings 11 to the unfolded state is performed. In the middle, it is best to be assisted by external forces.
  • the main airfoil control power source 61 and the main airfoil control member 63 may also be a combination of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic pull rod 632, and in another embodiment may also be a rotating motor. Combined with a telescopic screw.
  • the main airfoil 1 includes a main body wing portion 13 and two telescopic wing portions 14 respectively slidably inserted at both ends of the main body wing portion 13.
  • the windward area adjusting device 6 of the area adjustment type is the same as the windward area adjusting device 6 of the aforementioned vertical angle adjusting type, and the main airfoil control power source 61 is mounted on the main boom 2, and the two airfoil wings of the main air wing 1 are installed.
  • a main airfoil control member 63 is connected between the portion 14 and the main airfoil control power source 61, and two telescopic wing portions 14 respectively slidably inserted at both ends of the main body wing portion 13, a main airfoil control power source 61, and a main
  • the windfoil control member 63 constitutes the windward area adjusting device 6, so that the windward area of the main airfoil 1 is adjusted by the expansion and contraction of the two bellows portions 14.
  • the main airfoil control power source 61 and the main airfoil control member 63 can still be a combination of a hoisting motor and a main wing control cable, or a combination of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic tie rod, or a rotating motor.
  • the main airfoil 1 is provided with movable blades 15 in the form of louvers, the movable blades 15 being The lateral arrangement may also be arranged vertically, and the moving blade 15 constitutes the windward area adjusting device 6, and the windward area of the main airfoil is adjusted by changing the opening angle of the movable blade 15, where the moving blade 15 changes the blade opening angle.
  • the power may be in various forms, and may be shared with the aforementioned main wing control power source 61, or the power unit may be separately provided, and will not be described in detail.
  • the vertical angle adjustment type of the windward area adjustment device 6 will adjust the windward area of the main wing by changing the vertical opening angle of the main wing 1, and the three types of area adjustment
  • the windward area adjusting device 6 adjusts the windward area of the main wind wing by means of deformation of the main airfoil folding, telescopic or louvered movable blade opening angle adjustment, thereby effectively avoiding the wind damage caused by the strong wind to the system.
  • the windward area of the main wing 1 can be randomly adjusted according to the needs of the system operation, and the wind power area of the main wind wing is matched under different loads and different wind speeds in order to make the system in optimal operation.
  • the windward area adjusting device 6 of the aforementioned area adjustment type can be used alone, and the windward area adjusting device of the vertical angle adjusting type can also be used alone, and it should be noted that: the windward area of the aforementioned area adjustment type and vertical angle adjustment type
  • the adjustment device 6 can be used in combination, for example in an embodiment of the windward area adjustment device 6 having a vertical angle adjustment type, changing the overall form of the main airfoil 1 to include two folding wings or two telescopic wings In the form of a body, the two folding wings or the two telescopic wings are respectively connected with the main wing control member, and the movable blade is further disposed on the main wing, thereby forming an area-adjusting type windward area adjusting device 6, such that The upwinding area adjusting device 6 of the vertical angle adjustment type adjusts the vertical opening angle of the main airfoil 1 to a horizontal level, and the windward area adjusting device 6 of the area adjustment type simultaneously folds, expands or changes through the main airfoil.
  • the deformation angle of the movable blade and the like are used to adjust the actual windward area of the main wing itself.
  • the windward area adjusting device 6 of the area adjustment type is simultaneously used in combination with the windward area adjusting device 6 of the vertical angle adjusting type, where the area adjusting type of the windward area adjusting device 6 and Main wing control of the windward area adjustment device 6 of the vertical angle adjustment type
  • the braking power source 61 is shared with the main airfoil control member 63.
  • the vertical angle adjusting type windward area adjusting device 6 can also make the main air wing winding
  • the main airfoil connecting shaft 62 changes the vertical opening angle adjustment.
  • a main boom control cable fixing hub 7 is provided above the main boom fixed hub and the main shaft 3, and a main boom control cable is fixed on the main boom control cable fixing hub 7. 71.
  • a main cantilever control cable 71 is respectively fixed on both sides of the main cantilever control cable fixing hub 7.
  • the main cantilever control cable 71 is used to strengthen the supporting force of the main cantilever 2.
  • the inner end of the main cantilever 2 is fixed to the main cantilever.
  • the hub and the main shaft 3 are hinged, so that the support angle of the main cantilever 2 can be changed by the zoom of the main cantilever control cable 71 to achieve the requirements of the main cantilever support angle under different working conditions, and also facilitate installation, as shown in FIG.
  • a main cantilever lateral torque reinforcing cable 31 is provided in the main cantilever fixed hub and the main shaft 3 for reinforcing the main airfoil 1 through the main cantilever 2 to the main cantilever fixed hub and Pulling torque of the main shaft 3.
  • the main boom 2 can be designed in the form of a double beam main cantilever including two jibs 21, in which case the main boom lateral torque reinforced cable 31 can be omitted.
  • a centrifugal force attenuating wing 16 is provided in the middle of the main airfoil 1, as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 11, in the main airfoil 1 Rectifying ailerons 17 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends.
  • the rectifying ailerons 17 are used to reduce the vibration of the main wing 1 wing end, and the centrifugal force attenuating wing 16 is used to reduce the centrifugal force generated when the fan rotates.
  • a main wing windward angle controller 18 is provided at the outer end of the main boom 2, and the main wing windward angle controller 18 can adjust the main wind.
  • the windward angle of the wing 1 is such that the system starts smoothly in a weak wind state.
  • the present invention can be provided with a strong wind warning system 8 as needed, and a plurality of winds are set at an appropriate distance and an appropriate height in the direction of the wind direction as indicated by an arrow F around the vertical axis wind power generation system.
  • the warning sentry tower 81 is provided with an early warning wind detector 82 and an early warning launching device 83 on the wind detecting early warning tower 81, and an early warning receiving device 84 is provided at the top of the vertical axis wind power generating system, and the early warning device is provided.
  • the early warning wind detector 82 and the early warning launching device 83 provided on the receiving device 84 and the wind detecting alarm tower 81 constitute a strong wind warning system, and the wind speed value measured by the early warning wind meter 82 is passed through the early warning transmitting device 83 and the early warning receiving device 84 at any time. It is transmitted back to the control center 85 in wired or wireless form as the basis for the operation of the system and the basis for taking strong wind avoidance measures in advance.
  • an instruction can be issued in advance to take strong wind avoidance measures.
  • an anemometer 86 is provided at the top of the vertical axis wind power generation system to monitor the wind speed at the location of the vertical axis wind power generation system.

Description

立轴风力发电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及利用风能获取清洁能源的风力发电系统， 特别涉及立轴风力 发电系统。 背景技术
现有的立轴风力发电系统对如何避让强风环境对系统造成的风毁尚无 很好的解决办法， 系统运行的安全性和稳定性不理想， 限制了立轴风力发电 系统诸多优势的发挥。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种立轴风力发电系统， 能够有效避让恶劣的强风 环境对系统造成损毁， 系统运行更安全更稳定。
本发明提供的一种立轴风力发电系统， 包括： 数个主风翼， 分别安装在 对应主悬臂的外端； 主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴， 带动发电机装置发出电力， 所 述各主悬臂的内端与所述主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴相连接； 塔柱， 支撑所述主 悬臂固定轮毂及主轴； 及迎风面积调节装置， 用来改变主风翼的迎风面积。
根据上述方案， 本发明相对于现有技术的效果是显著的： 当出现恶劣的 强风环境时， 通过迎风面积调节装置能够改变主风翼的迎风面积， 从而能有 效避让强风对系统造成的风毁， 提高系统运行的安全性和稳定性。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明优选立轴风力发电系统的实施例的示意图。
图 2 为图 1中立轴风力发电系统通过竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节 装置将主风翼的竖向张开角度调整为水平的示意图。 图 3 为本发明立轴风力发电系统具有另一种竖向角度调节类型的迎风 面积调节装置的一个实施例示意图。
图 4、 5 为本发明立轴风力发电系统具有第一种面积调节类型的迎风面 积调节装置 （包括折叠翼部） 的实施例在主风翼折叠前、 后的示意图。
图 6 为图 4、 5的迎风面积调节装置的又一种实施例。
图 7 为本发明立轴风力发电系统具有第二种面积调节类型的迎风面积调 节装置 （包括伸缩翼部） 的实施例在主风翼伸缩前、 后的示意图。
图 8、 8a〜8d 为本发明立轴风力发电系统具有第三种面积调节类型的迎 风面积调节装置 （百叶窗形式的活动叶片） 的实施例的各状态示意图。
图 9 为本发明立轴风力发电系统通过主悬臂控制拉索的缩放改变主悬 臂的支撑角度的示意图。
图 10 为本发明立轴风力发电系统的主悬臂为双梁主悬臂的示意图。 图 11 为本发明的强风预警系统的示意图。 具体实施方式
如图 1、 2所示， 本发明提供一种立轴风力发电系统， 包括： 数个主风 翼 1， 安装在对应主悬臂 2的外端， 主悬臂 2内端与主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3相连接， 主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3带动发电机装置 4发出电力， 图中主悬 臂固定轮毂及主轴 3呈椭球形， 塔柱 5支撑主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3从而支 撑整个立轴风力发电系统通过主悬臂 2、 主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3带动发电 机装置 4发出电力， 该立轴风力发电系统的改进之处是： 还包括迎风面积调 节装置 6， 当出现恶劣的强风环境时， 通过迎风面积调节装置 6能够改变主 风翼 1的迎风面积， 减小风阻， 以有效避让强风对系统造成的风毁， 系统运 行更安全更稳定。 在发电机装置 4附近的塔柱 5的外围可设置维护平台 51， 便于系统维护， 在塔柱 5内部设有控制中心 85， 用于系统控制。
如图 1、 2所示， 迎风面积调节装置 6的一个优选实施例为竖向角度调 节类型， 这种迎风面积调节装置 6通过改变主风翼 1竖向张开角度的工作原 理来改变迎风面积。 主风翼 1为整体形式， 在主悬臂 2上安装主风翼控制动 力源 61， 主风翼 1通过主风翼连接轴 62垂直枢接在主悬臂 2外端， 在主风 翼 1和主风翼控制动力源 61之间连接有主风翼控制件 63， 优选每一个主悬 臂 2上的主风翼控制件 63为两个， 分别对称连接在主风翼 1的上下两端与 主风翼控制动力源 61 之间， 由该主风翼控制动力源 61、 主风翼连接轴 62 和主风翼控制件 63构成该迎风面积调节装置 6立轴风力发电系统的主风翼 1在风的驱动下产生旋转动力， 通过主风翼连接轴 62、 主悬臂 2、 主悬臂固 定轮毂及主轴 3带动发电机装置 4运转以发出电力， 在遇到强风环境时， 该 迎风面积调节装置 6通过主风翼控制动力源 61和主风翼控制件 63使主风翼 1绕主风翼连接轴 62实现竖向开张角度的调整，直至完全水平收缩， 从而极 大地减小主风翼 1在强风环境中的迎风面积。
如图 1所示的实施例中， 主风翼控制动力源 61设在主悬臂 2上， 在另 一个实施例中主风翼控制动力源 61也可设于主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3上， 或者设在主风翼 1上， 只要能提供动力即可， 不再提供附图。 在图 1、 2所 示的实施例中， 主风翼控制动力源 61为卷扬电机， 主风翼控制件 63为主风 翼控制拉索 631， 在系统遇到恶劣的强风环境时， 如图 2所示， 通过卷扬电 机和主风翼控制拉索 631沿箭头所示的方向对主风翼 1的竖向开张角度进行 调整直至完全水平收缩。 如图 3所示的另一个竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积 调节装置 6的实施例中， 主风翼控制动力源 61为液压泵（图中未显示）， 主 风翼控制件 63为液压拉杆 632， 主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3呈圆盘形， 其它结 构与图 1、 2所示的实施例相同， 不再重述， 该实施例同样能对主风翼 1的竖 向开张角度进行调整。 另外， 主风翼控制动力源 61 也可为转动电机， 而主 风翼控制件 63为伸缩螺杆， 也可对主风翼 1的竖向开张角度进行调整直至 完全水平收缩， 不再提供附图， 其它类型的主风翼控制动力源 61及主风翼 控制件 63的组合也可采用， 不作限制。 如图 4、 5所示， 该迎风面积调节装置 6的再一个优选实施例是面积调 节类型， 不通过改变主风翼 1的竖向张开角度来调节迎风面积， 而是确实地 改变主风翼 1本身的迎风面积。 如图 4、 5所示， 一种优选的面积调节类型 的迎风面积调节装置 6， 主风翼 1包括两个折叠翼部 11， 两个折叠翼部 11 分别采用枢接元件 12枢接在主悬臂 2外端， 两个折叠翼部 11构成分体式的 主风翼 1， 该面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6与前述竖向角度调节类型 的迎风面积调节装置 6相同， 仍在主悬臂 2上安装主风翼控制动力源 61具 体为卷扬电机， 在主风翼 1的两个折叠翼部 11和主风翼控制动力源 61之间 连接有主风翼控制件 63具体为主风翼控制拉索 631， 由两个折叠翼部 11、 主风翼控制动力源 61及主风翼控制件 63构成所述迎风面积调节装置 6， 在 系统遇到强风环境时， 在主风翼控制动力源 61 和主风翼控制件 63 的控制 下， 带动两个折叠翼部 11背向向后折叠来调整主风翼 1的迎风面积， 在将 两个折叠翼部 11恢复为非折叠状态的过程中， 最好由外力协助。 当然在本 实施例中， 如图 6所示， 主风翼控制动力源 61和主风翼控制件 63还可以是 液压泵和液压拉杆 632的组合，在另一个实施例中也可以是转动电机和伸缩 螺杆的组合。
如图 7所示， 在另一个面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6 的实施例 中， 主风翼 1包括主体翼部 13和分别滑动插设在主体翼部 13两端的两个伸 缩翼部 14，该面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6与前述竖向角度调节类型 的迎风面积调节装置 6相同， 在主悬臂 2上安装主风翼控制动力源 61， 在主 风翼 1的两个伸缩翼部 14和主风翼控制动力源 61之间分别连接有主风翼控 制件 63， 由分别滑动插设在主体翼部 13两端的两个伸缩翼部 14、 主风翼控 制动力源 61及主风翼控制件 63构成迎风面积调节装置 6， 从而通过两个伸 缩翼部 14的伸缩来调整主风翼 1的迎风面积。 在此实施例中， 主风翼控制 动力源 61和主风翼控制件 63仍然可为卷扬电机和主风翼控制拉索的组合， 或者是液压泵和液压拉杆的组合， 或者是转动电机和伸缩螺杆的组合。 如图 8、 8a、 8b、 8c、 8d所示， 在另一个面积调节类型的迎风面积调节 装置 6的实施例中，在主风翼 1上设有百叶窗形式的活动叶片 15，活动叶片 15可横向设置， 也可竖向设置， 由该活动叶片 15构成所述迎风面积调节装 置 6，通过改变活动叶片 15的开张角度来调整主风翼的迎风面积，这里使活 动叶片 15改变叶片张开角度的动力有多种形式， 可以与前述主风翼控制动 力源 61共用动力， 也可以单独设置动力装置， 不详细描述。
在克服系统的风毁危险的过程中， 竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节装 置 6将通过变换主风翼 1的竖向开张角度的方式来调节主风翼迎风面积，而 三种面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6将通过主风翼折叠、伸缩或百叶窗 形式的活动叶片开张角度调整等变形方式来调节主风翼迎风面积， 从而都能 有效避让强风对系统造成的风毁。 同时主风翼 1的迎风面积可根据系统运行 的需要随机调整， 配合系统发电负荷需求， 在不同负荷、 不同风速情况下配 合以不同的主风翼迎风面积， 以使系统处于最佳运行状态。
前述的面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6可以单独使用， 竖向角度调 节类型的迎风面积调节装置也可以单独使用， 在此需要说明的是： 前述面积 调节类型和竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6可以联合使用， 例如在 具有竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6的实施例中，将整体形式的主 风翼 1改变为包括两个折叠翼部或两个伸缩翼部的分体形式， 使两个折叠翼 部或两个伸缩翼部分别与主风翼控制件相连接， 另外主风翼上还可设置活动 叶片， 从而构成面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6， 这样在由竖向角度调 节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6将主风翼 1的竖向张开角度调整至水平的过程 当中， 由面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6同时通过主风翼折叠、 伸缩或 改变活动叶片的开张角度等变形方式来调节主风翼本身的实际迎风面积。 又 例如图 4、 7所示的实施例中， 面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6就同时 与竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6联合使用， 这里面积调节类型的 迎风面积调节装置 6和竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6的主风翼控 制动力源 61和主风翼控制件 63共用， 在面积调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6使主风翼折叠变形的同时， 竖向角度调节类型的迎风面积调节装置 6还可 使主风翼绕主风翼连接轴 62改变竖向张开角度调整。
如图 1〜9所示的各实施例中， 在主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3上方设有主 悬臂控制拉索固定轮毂 7， 在主悬臂控制拉索固定轮毂 7上固定有主悬臂控 制拉索 71，优选在主悬臂控制拉索固定轮毂 7两侧分别固定一个主悬臂控制 拉索 71， 主悬臂控制拉索 71用来加强主悬臂 2的支撑力， 优选主悬臂 2内 端与主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3铰接， 因此能通过主悬臂控制拉索 71的缩放 改变主悬臂 2的支撑角度，以实现不同工作状态下对主悬臂支撑角度的要求， 也便于安装， 如图 9所示。
如图 1〜9所示的各实施例中， 在主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴 3中设有主悬 臂横向扭矩加强拉索 31，用来加强主风翼 1通过主悬臂 2对主悬臂固定轮毂 及主轴 3的拉动扭矩。 为加强拉动扭矩， 如图 10所示， 可以使主悬臂 2设 计为包括两个副臂 21 的双梁主悬臂形式， 此时可以省去主悬臂横向扭矩加 强拉索 31。
如图 1、 4、 5、 9所示的各实施例中， 在主风翼 1的中部设有离心力衰 减翼 16，如图 1〜11所示的各实施例中，在主风翼 1的上下端部分别设有整 流副翼 17。在系统运行过程中，整流副翼 17用来减小主风翼 1翼端的振动， 离心力衰减翼 16用来减弱风机转动时产生的离心力。 如图 1、 2、 4、 7、 9 所示的各实施例中，在主悬臂 2的外端部设有主风翼迎风角度控制器 18，主 风翼迎风角度控制器 18可调整主风翼 1的迎风夹角， 以使系统在弱风状态 下顺利启动。
如图 1〜11所示的各实施例中， 本发明可按需要设置强风预警系统 8， 在立轴风力发电系统周边如箭头 F所示的来风方向的适当距离及适当高度处 设置若干测风警戒哨塔 81，在测风预警哨塔 81上设有预警测风仪 82和预警 发射装置 83， 在立轴风力发电系统的顶部设有预警接收装置 84， 由该预警 接收装置 84、 测风预警哨塔 81上设置的预警测风仪 82和预警发射装置 83 构成强风预警系统， 随时将预警测风仪 82测得的风速值通过预警发射装置 83及预警接收装置 84以有线或无线形式传回到控制中心 85， 以作为系统运 行的依据和提前采取强风避让措施的依据。 当测风警戒哨塔 81及控制中心 85侦测到有超过警戒风速值的强风来袭时，可提前发出指令以采取强风避让 措施。 优选的， 在图 1〜11所示的各实施例中， 在立轴风力发电系统的顶部 设有风速仪 86，以监测立轴风力发电系统所在地点的风速。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 不能以此限定本发明实施的范 围， 凡依本发明所作的等同变化与修饰， 均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 . 一种立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 包括： 数个主风翼， 分别安 装在对应主悬臂的外端；主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴，带动发电机装置发出电力， 所述各主悬臂的内端与所述主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴相连接； 塔柱， 支撑所述 主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴；及迎风面积调节装置，用来改变主风翼的迎风面积。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述迎风面 积调节装置包括主风翼控制动力源、将主风翼垂直枢接在主悬臂外端的主风 翼连接轴以及设于主风翼和主风翼控制动力源之间的主风翼控制件。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 控制动力源设于主悬臂上， 或者设于主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴上， 或者设于主 风翼上。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 控制动力源为卷扬电机， 所述主风翼控制件为主风翼控制拉索； 或者所述主 风翼控制动力源为液压泵， 所述主风翼控制件为液压拉杆； 或者所述主风翼 控制动力源为转动电机， 所述主风翼控制件为伸缩螺杆。
5. 如权利要求 3所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 为包括两个折叠翼部的分体形式， 两个折叠翼部分别与主风翼控制件相连 接。
6. 如权利要求 3所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 为包括一个主体翼部和分别滑动插设在主体翼部两端的两个伸缩翼部的分 体形式， 两个伸缩翼部分别与主风翼控制件相连接。
7. 如权利要求 3所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 上设有横向或竖向设置的活动叶片。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述迎风面 积调节装置包括主风翼控制动力源及设于主风翼和主风翼控制动力源之间 的主风翼控制件，所述主风翼为包括两个折叠翼部或两个伸缩翼部的分体形 式， 两个折叠翼部或两个伸缩翼部分别与主风翼控制件相连接。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 控制动力源设于主悬臂上， 或者设于主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴上， 或者设于主 风翼上。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主风翼 控制动力源为卷扬电机， 所述主风翼控制件为主风翼控制拉索； 或者所述主 风翼控制动力源为液压泵， 所述主风翼控制件为液压拉杆； 或者所述主风翼 控制动力源为转动电机， 所述主风翼控制件为伸缩螺杆。
11. 如权利要求 8所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述两个折 叠翼部分别枢接在主悬臂外端。
12. 如权利要求 8所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述两个伸 缩翼部滑动地插设在一主体翼部的两端。
13. 如权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述迎风面 积调节装置包括设于主风翼上的活动叶片， 所述活动叶片横向或竖向设置， 通过改变活动叶片的开张角度来调整主风翼的迎风面积。
14. 如权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 在主悬臂固 定轮毂及主轴上方设有主悬臂控制拉索固定轮毂， 主悬臂控制拉索固定轮毂 固定有主悬臂控制拉索， 主悬臂内端与主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴铰接， 由主悬 臂控制拉索的缩放改变主悬臂的支撑角度。
15. 如权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 在主悬臂固 定轮毂及主轴中设有主悬臂横向扭矩加强拉索，用来加强主风翼通过主悬臂 对主悬臂固定轮毂及主轴的拉动扭矩。
16. 根据权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 所述主悬 臂为双梁主悬臂。
17. 根据权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 在主风翼 的中部设有离心力衰减翼， 用来减弱风机转动时产生的离心力； 在主风翼的 上下端部分别设有整流副翼， 用来减小主风翼翼端的振动； 在主悬臂的外端 部设有主风翼迎风角度控制器， 可调整主风翼的迎风夹角， 以使系统在弱风 状态下顺利启动。
18. 根据权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 在所述塔 柱外围设有维护平台， 在塔柱内部设有控制中心。
19. 根据权利要求 1所述的立轴风力发电系统， 其特征在于， 还包括强 风预警系统，所述强风预警系统包括设于立轴风力发电系统上方的预警接收 装置， 设在立轴风力发电系统周边来风方向的若干测风警戒哨塔， 设在测风 预警哨塔上的预警测风仪和预警发射装置； 能随时将预警测风仪测得的风速 值通过预警发射装置及预警接收装置以有线或无线形式传回到控制中心， 以 作为系统运行的依据和提前采取强风避让措施的依据； 在立轴风力发电系统 的上方还设有风速仪。
PCT/CN2009/075105 2008-12-12 2009-11-24 立轴风力发电系统 WO2010066161A1 (zh)

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