Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/13—Amines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/327—Peroxy compounds, e.g. hydroperoxides, peroxides, peroxyacids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/40—Peroxides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/02—Local antiseptics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C407/00—Preparation of peroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C409/00—Peroxy compounds
  • C07C409/24—Peroxy compounds the —O—O— group being bound between a >C=O group and hydrogen, i.e. peroxy acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
  • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to ⁇ -keto peracids and methods for producing and using the same.
• Peracids or peroxyacids as used herein refer to carboxylic acids in which the acidic -OH group has been replaced by an -OOH group. They are strong oxidizing agents and are generally unstable. They are most often used as oxidizing agents in various chemical reactions. Peroxy acids are generally not very stable even in solution and decompose to their corresponding carboxylic acid and oxygen. Because most peracids decompose relatively quickly under ambient conditions, they are typically not used for any other purposes except in chemical reactions. Even then, many peroxyacids are synthesized just prior to their use.
• MCPBA meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
• peroxyacids are prepared by electrolytic oxidation of ordinary carboxylic acids or by using a transition metal catalyst and an oxidizing agent or by using a very strong oxidizing agent.
• electrolytic oxidation typically a high current density must be used to form the peroxyacid in good yield. Such use of a high current density typically increase the cost of producing peroxyacids.
• peroxyacids can also be produced using a transition metal catalyst and an oxidizing agent or simply by using a strong oxidizing agent.
• a strong oxidizing agent in and of itself creates potentially dangerous conditions and increases the high cost of peroxyacid production.
• use of a transition metal catalyst render the resulting peroxyacid often contaminated with the transition metal.
• Some aspects of the invention provide methods for producing an ⁇ -keto peracid. Such methods typically comprise contacting an ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid or a salt thereof with an oxidizing agent without any significant stirring and under conditions sufficient to produce the ⁇ -keto peracid. While a variety of oxidizing agents can be used in such methods, typically the oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide, barium peroxide, sodium carbonate peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium perborate, lithium peroxide, magnesium peroxide strontium peroxide, zinc peroxide, potassium superoxide, or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the reaction temperature is about 10 0 C or less. In other embodiments, the reaction temperature ranges from about -30 0 C to about 10 0 C.
• Methods of the invention can be used to produce a wide variety of ⁇ -keto peracids.
• Some of the useful ⁇ -keto carboxylic acids that can be used in methods of the invention include ⁇ -keto monocarboxylic acids, ⁇ -keto dicarboxylic acids, or a mixture thereof.
• the ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid comprises pyruvic acid, ⁇ -keto butyric acid, ⁇ -keto valeric acid, ⁇ -keto glutaric acid, 2-oxo cylopental acetic acid, or a mixture thereof.
• ⁇ -keto peracid comprises peroxy 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid.
• ⁇ -keto peracid comprises peroxy 2-oxo dicarboxylic acid.
• the ⁇ -keto peracid comprises peroxy pyruvate acid, peroxy 2-oxo butyric acid, peroxy 2-oxo valeric acid, peroxy 2-oxo glutaric acid, or a mixture thereof.
• the microbe comprises vegetative bacteria.
• the microbe comprises bacterial spores, mycobacteria, gram-negative bacteria, vegetative gram-positive bacteria, or a combination thereof.
• the microbe comprises bacterial spores.
• the antimicrobial solution further comprises hydrogen peroxide.
• the antimicrobial solution comprises at least 40 ppm of ⁇ -keto peracid.
• the antimicrobial solution comprises about 4,000 ppm or less, typically 1,000 ppm or less, often 500 ppm or less, more often 100 ppm or less, and still more often 50 ppm or less amount of the ⁇ -keto peracid.
• the half-life of ⁇ -keto peracid in the antimicrobial solution typically is about
• Yet other aspects of the invention provide a method for reducing the number of infectious vegetative bacteria on a substrate comprising contacting the substrate with an antimicrobial solution comprising an effective amount of an ⁇ -keto peracid.
• Other aspects of the invention provide a method for reducing the number of bacterial spores on a substrate comprising contacting the substrate with an antimicrobial solution comprising an effective amount of an ⁇ -keto peracid.
• Further aspects of the invention provide methods for preventing and/or reducing bacteria-related diseases in a mammal that result from the mammal's contact with a bacteria-infected substrate. Such methods comprise contacting the substrate with a composition comprising an ⁇ -keto peracid prior to allowing the mammal to come in contact with the substrate.
• an antimicrobial product comprising an ⁇ -keto peracid.
• the product is a household care product.
• the house hold care product is selected from the group consisting of hard surface cleaners, deodorizers, fabric care compositions, fabric cleaning compositions, manual dish detergents, automatic dish detergents, floor waxes, kitchen cleaners, bathroom cleaners, and combinations thereof.
• the antimicrobial product is selected from the group consisting of hard surface cleaners, deodorizers, fabric care compositions, fabric cleaning compositions, manual dish detergents, automatic dish detergents, floor waxes, kitchen cleaners, bathroom cleaners, and combinations thereof.
• Antimicrobial products of the invention can be used in a wide variety of settings including, but not limited to, in health care facilities such as hospitals, rehabilitation, assisted living facilities, etc.
• the antimicrobial product is a medical device disinfectant. Still in other embodiments, the antimicrobial product is used as a disinfectant for aseptic filling equipment. Yet in other embodiments, the antimicrobial product is used in an aseptic food processing system. In other embodiments, the antimicrobial product is used as a disinfectant for biofilms in water systems. Still in other embodiments, the antimicrobial product is used as a disinfectant for waste water treatment.
• the amount of the peroxy ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid present in the antimicrobial product is about 100 ppm or less. Still in other embodiments, the half- life of the peroxy ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid is at least 20 days.
• Figure 1 shows graph of efficacy of peroxy ⁇ -keto pyruvic acid against C.
• Some aspects of the invention provide methods for producing ⁇ -keto peracids.
• the peroxy ⁇ -keto dicarboxylic acid include compounds in which either one or two of the acidic -OH groups of the carboxylic group is replaced with the -OOH group.
• ⁇ -keto di-peroxyacid refers to a compound having two di-peroxyacid groups in which at least one of the peroxyacid group is adjacent to the carbonyl group.
• Some methods of the invention include contacting an ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid or a salt thereof with an oxidizing agent without any significant stirring and under conditions sufficient to produce the ⁇ -keto peracid.
• the reaction condition comprises non- stirring conditions where a mixture of the ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid and the oxidizing agent is simply allow to stand without any stirring.
• the term "stir” or “stirring” refers to agitating or act of causing a mixing of the reagents by using an external force such as by using a mechanical stirrer, a magnetic stirrer, a shaker, or any other mechanical, electrical, magnetic, or manual force including simply mixing the reagents manually.
• the present inventors have found that by contacting an ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid and an oxidizing agent and letting the mixture stand without any significant mixing, a good yield of the corresponding ⁇ -keto peroxyacid can be produced.
• the yield of the reaction is at least 5 %, typically at least 8 %, and often at least 12 %.
• the yield of the ⁇ -keto peroxyacid is affected by a variety of reaction conditions and reagents used.
• One of the factors influencing the yield of ⁇ -keto peroxyacid is the reaction temperature.
• the rate of reaction increases as the temperature increases.
• a higher reaction temperature can also increase the yield of side-product(s) and/or decomposition of the ⁇ -keto peroxyacid that is formed. Therefore, the reaction temperature is typically kept at about 10 0 C or below, often at about 4 0 C or below, and more often at about - 10 0 C or below.
• the concentration of the reagents can also affect the rate and the yield of ⁇ - keto peroxyacid.
• the initial concentration of the oxidizing agent is generally about 12 M or less, tpyically about 7 M or less, and often about 1. M or less. [Ed-I've rounded up these numbers. Let me know if you have different numbers in mind]
• the reaction time can also affect the yield of ⁇ -keto peroxyacid.
• the reaction time ranges from about 4 hrs. to about 12 hrs, often from about 6 hrs. to about 8 hrs., and more often from about 10 hrs. to about 12 hrs.
• Methods of the invention are applicable to a wide variety of ⁇ -keto carboxylic acids.
• any ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid can be used as long as any reactive functional group within the ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid is properly protected.
• Suitable protection groups for various chemical reactions are well known to one skilled in the art. See, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999; Smith and March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 2001; and Harrison and Harrison et al., Compendium of Synthetic Organic Methods, VoIs.
• ⁇ -keto carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, pyruvic acid, ⁇ -keto butyric acid, ⁇ -keto valeric acid, ⁇ -keto glutaric acid, 2-oxo cylopental acetic acid, etc.
• Exemplary oxidizing agents that are useful in methods of the invention include, but are not limited to, hydrogen peroxide, barium peroxide, sodium carbonate peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium perborate, lithium peroxide, magnesium peroxide strontium peroxide, zinc peroxide, potassium superoxide, and the like. [0027] When describing a chemical reaction, the terms "treating", "contacting" and
• reacting are used interchangeably herein, and refer to adding two or more reagents under appropriate conditions to produce the indicated and/or the desired product. It should be appreciated that the reaction which produces the indicated and/or the desired product may not necessarily result directly from the combination of reagents which were initially added, i.e., there may be one or more intermediates which are produced in the mixture which ultimately leads to the formation of the indicated and/or the desired product.
• the reaction is generally conducted in an aqueous solution.
• Other solvents such as an organic solvent can also be used in addition to or in place of the aqueous solution. Because it is inexpensive and commercially available in an aqueous solution, typically hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent.
• the ratio of oxidizing agent to ⁇ -keto carboxylic acid typically ranges from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1, often about 2:1 to about 6:1.
• ⁇ -keto peroxyacids have particularly useful and potent antimicrobial properties. Accordingly, compounds and compositions or the invention can be used as a disinfectant.
• the term “disinfection” refers to removal, destruction, killing, or reducing of at least a significant portion of a pathogenic microorganism population from a surface of an object.
• methods, compounds and compositions of the invention can be used to reduce at least about 90%, often at least about 95%, more often at least about 98%, still more often at least about 99.9% and most often all of the microorganism population from a surface.
• ⁇ -keto peroxyacids have been found to be also effective against bacterial spores.
• microorganism includes bacteria, virus, fungi, algae, prion, and other pathogenic organisms known to one skilled in the art.
• microorganism refers to bacteria.
• Physical sterilization for example, applying steam or other gas via pressurized autoclave — is generally not feasible for disinfection of large spaces and surfaces or sensitive medical equipment.
• physical sterilization is inapplicable for protecting the integrity of test results.
• physical sterilization cannot be used on delicate or temperature-sensitive instruments and devices.
• Bacteria found on human skin is typically divided into two groups, namely, resident and transient bacteria.
• Resident bacteria are Gram-positive bacteria that establish as permanent microcolonies on the surface and outermost layers of the skin. Such bacteria play a fundamental role in preventing the colonization of other, more harmful bacteria and fungi.
• Transient bacteria are bacteria that are not part of the normal resident of the flora of the skin. Rather, transient bacteria are deposited when airborne contaminated material lands on the skin or when contaminated material is brought into physical contact with such bacteria.
• Transient bacteria are typically divided into two subgroups: Gram-positive and Gram- negative.
• Gram-positive bacteria include pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium botulinum.
• Gram-negative bacteria include pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas aeuginosa, Proteus and Shigella dysenteriae.
• Gram-negative bacteria are generally distinguished from Gram-positive bacteria via the existence of an additional protective cell membrane in the former, which often results in Gram-negative bacteria being less susceptible to conventional, topical antibacterial actives.
• Other conventional antimicrobial cleansing products include deodorant soaps, hard surface cleaners, and surgical disinfectants. These traditional, rinse-off antimicrobial products have been formulated to provide bacteria removal during washing. A few such products, including antimicrobial soaps, have also been shown to provide a residual effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria, but provide limited residual effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria.
• residual effectiveness it is meant that the antimicrobial agent controls microbial growth on a substrate by either preventing growth of microbes or engaging in continuous kill of microbes for some period of time following the washing and/or rinsing process.
• residual effectiveness it is meant that the antimicrobial agent controls microbial growth on a substrate by either preventing growth of microbes or engaging in continuous kill of microbes for some period of time following the washing and/or rinsing process.
• Iodophors likewise may function as disinfectants at the proper concentrations, but leave stains (residue) and are ofen less effective if any appreciable amount of protein is present.
• Most heavy metal based antimicrobial agents are toxic and more bacteriostatic than bacteriocidal. Peroxides are widely used to clean skin surfaces and wounds, but they have negligible antimicrobial activity.
• Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses, prions and other such microbial entities, can be found within any growth condition or environment where life exists. While many varieties of bacterial microbes are useful or 'friendly' to their animal- hosts, others prove irritating and troublesome — yet, relatively harmless — to manage their populations. Many strains of microbes pose a very serious — and often lethal — risk to the health of co-existent animal populations. Decreasing those troublesome, very serious, and lethal microbial populations under non- sterile conditions requires the use of an antimicrobial agent. Different bacteria show varying degrees of resistance toward a particular disinfectant. Prions tend to be the most-resistant of all microbial entities to antimicrobial agents. Bacterial spores and mycobacteria are generally considered to be the most resistant forms of the bacteria, followed by Gram-negative bacteria, which are generally considered to be more resistant than vegetative Gram-positive bacteria such as the staphylococci and enterococci.
• compositions of the invention provide antimicrobial compositions and methods for using the same.
• the antimicrobial compositions include an ⁇ -keto peroxyacid, e.g., peroxy pyruvic acid. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, the present inventors have discovered that such compositions are also effective in disinfecting bacterial spores.
• Compositions of the invention can optionally include one or more additional antimicrobial agent (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), a pH neutral diluting solvent (e.g., water), or a combination thereof.
• the diluting solvent is a pH neutral liquid solvent adaptable for dissolving the ⁇ -keto peroxyacid, e.g., water.
• compositions can also include an additional agent that can attack the protective protein layer of microbes (for example, non-enveloped viruses or spores) and/or an additional agent that can dissolve the lipid nature of the envelopes or membranes of the microbes.
• additional antimicrobial agents include organic acids, peroxides, alcohols, and ethers.
• the concentration of ⁇ -keto peroxyacid in solution is about 5,000 ppm or less, typically 1,000 ppm or less, often 500 ppm or less, more often 400 ppm or less, and most often 200 ppm or less.
• the composition comprises at least about 2.5% (v/v) of ⁇ -keto peroxyacids.
• compositions of the invention can also comprise a second antimicrobial agent.
• the amount of second antimicrobial agent can be at least 3% (v/v).
• Suitable second antimicrobial agents include those mentioned herein as well as other antimicrobial agents known to one skilled in the art.
• the second antimicrobial agent is hydrogen peroxide.
• compositions of the invention can also include one or more of the additional agents.
• additional agents include, but are not limited to, organic acids (such as dichloracetic acid for protein disruption), other peroxides (for protein disruption), alcohols (such as diacetone alcohol for membrane disruption), and ethers (such as butylene glycol monomethyl ether for membrane disruption).
• Compositions of the invention have shown to be generally non-toxic and non-flammable. Compositions of the invention also evaporate relatively rapidly from a surface-of- interest leaving only an acceptable level of measurable residue.
• compositions of the invention are used to disinfect a gram-positive bacteria, a gram-negative bacteria, a bacterial spore, or a combination thereof. Unlike other conventionally known antimicrobial agents that are commercially used, compositions of the invention have been shown to be effective in not only disinfecting gram-positive bacteria, but also in gram-negative bacteria, and bacterial spores.
• compositions of the invention provide at least 6-log order complete kill or reduction of vegetative bacteria when applied to a surface. In other instances, compositions of the invention provide at least 5-log reduction of bacterial spores. Often, compositions of the invention provide a "complete kill" of the bacterial population atop the surface such that any functional bacteria remaining atop the surface-of-interest is/are not capable of re-populating to a measureable level, thereby rendering any toxicity or pathogenic functionality of the original bacterial population effectively null.
• compositions of the invention can be applied in aerosol form such as spraying from a bottle containing liquid antimicrobial agent onto a surface. Once applied to the surface, the composition is adapted to evaporate to dryness (to the touch), typically within about 10 to about 30 minutes while leaving acceptable levels (if any) of measureable residue on the surface, such acceptable levels are generally set based on the surface on which the disinfectant is used.
• Compositions of the invention are typically non-flammable and of very low toxicity allowing them to be shipped as a non-hazardous chemical, per DOT guidelines.
• solutions comprising the compositions of the invention often have low surface tension and are effective in the presence of proteins.
• compositions of the invention can be used to disinfect clean rooms, hospitals, veterinary and dental offices, laboratories (e.g., general medical/veterinary/dental, Q. A. manufacturing, new product development/R&D, and other laboratories), medical equipments and devices, household surfaces, sports equipments, as well as any suitable objects or surface so desired.
• laboratories e.g., general medical/veterinary/dental, Q. A. manufacturing, new product development/R&D, and other laboratories
• medical equipments and devices e.g., household surfaces, sports equipments, as well as any suitable objects or surface so desired.
• compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, effectiveness at high dilutions in the presence of organic matter; a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity-effectiveness against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, spores, viruses, and fungi); stable under the conditions of transport, storage and use; homogeneity; solubility in water, fats, and oils for good penetration into microorganisms; low surface tension for penetration into cracks and crevices; minimum toxicity-lack of acute and chronic toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, etc.; capable of being applied with no residue after a desired period of time has passed; pleasant or minimal odor; non-flammable; low or no impact to plants and animals; and low cost.
• Some embodiments of the invention provide personal care products comprising the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein.
• suitable personal care products comprising the antimicrobial composition disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, hand soaps, hand sanitizers, body washes, mouth washes, toothpastes, shower gels, shampoos, body lotions, deodorants, nasal sprays, foot care, vaginal care and/or wash, pet care and combinations thereof.
• the personal care products disclosed herein take the form of a wipe product, particularly suitable for wiping or drying the face or hands.
• the antimicrobial compositions of the invention are typically embedded or impregnated into the wipe product.
• the personal care product disclosed herein takes the form of a tissue or towel, also suitable for wiping or drying the face or hands.
• the personal care product takes the form of a feminine napkin and/or a diaper.
• the personal care product takes the form of a first aid antiseptic for irritated, injured, or acne-affected skin and/or for pre or post surgical use.
• antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein that are incorporated into one or more household care products.
• suitable household care products for purposes of the invention include, but are not limited to, hard surface cleaners, deodorizers, fabric care compositions, fabric cleaning compositions, manual dish detergents, automatic dish detergents, floor care compositions, kitchen cleaners or disinfectants, bathroom cleaners or disinfectants and combinations thereof.
• the household care product takes the form of a wipe or towel, suitable for household cleaning and/or care.
• the household care products can comprise certain adjunct ingredients.
• Exemplary adjuncts include, but are not limited to, detersive enzymes, builders, bleaching agents, bleach activators, transitional metal bleach catalysts, oxygen transfer agents and precursors, soil release agents, clay soil removal and/or anti-redeposition agents, polymeric dispersing agents, brightener, polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents, chelating agents, anti-foam agents, alkoxylated polycarboxylates, fabric softeners, perfumes, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, dyes or pigments, solvents for liquid formulations, solid fillers, detersive surfactants and combinations thereof.
• the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can be incorporated into a skin care product.
• the skin care product incorporates a dermatologically acceptable carrier to facilitate safe transfer of the antimicrobial composition disclosed herein to the desired area of the skin.
• the skin care product can include certain adjunct ingredients.
• Suitable adjuncts include, but are not limited to, other antimicrobial and antifungal actives, surfactants, desquamation actives, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-atrophy actives, anti- oxidants, radical scavengers, chelators, flavonoids, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-cellulite agents, topical anesthetics, tanning actives, sunscreen actives, conditioning agents, thickening agents, detackifying agents, odor control agents, skin sensates, antiperspirants and mixtures thereof.
• Other suitable adjunct ingredients are well known to one skilled in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,186, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• a representative list of the organisms tested include, but are not limited to, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella cholerasuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes .
• AOAC Association of Official Analytical Chemists
• a tube of the sample-disinfectant is placed into a waterbath for temperature control and allowed to equilibrate; (2) Once the tube has reached temperature, it is inoculated to achieve a concentration of approximately 10 6 CFU/mL; (3) At selected time points (generally five points are used including zero) aliquots are removed and placed into a neutralizer blank; (4) Dilutions of the neutralizer are made and selected dilutions plated onto agar; (5) Colonies are enumerated and log reductions are calculated.
• Suspensions were prepared in sterile skim milk medium (SM) by harvesting the organism from the agar plate using a sterile cotton swab and vigorously vortex mixing to achieve homogeneity. A viable concentration of 10 8 -10 9 CFU/mL was used. Most non-fastidious organism suspensions can be retained in the cooler for several days, and were used as long as enumeration demonstrated satisfactory viability.
• SM sterile skim milk medium
• Glass cover slips e.g., 25 mm 2
• Sterile slides were used for this procedure. Slides were sterilized by placing them in layers separated by filter paper (e.g., Whatman #1) and placing them in an aluminum envelope then baking at 150-170 0 C for 1-2 hours.
• filter paper e.g., Whatman #1
• the microorganism film was prepared by dispensing 20 ⁇ L of suspension onto a sterile slide and spreading the suspension drop over the surface of the slide.
• a sterile inoculating needle that has been bent in the shape of a hockey stick was used.
• the slide were placed on the pins of a sterile disposable plastic 96 well inoculating head that had small drops of sterile water placed onto some of the pins to help hold the slide in place during preparation.
• the suspension was spread as near to the edges of the slide as possible without touching the edge. The drop was respread once more when necessary without over spreading.
• the suspension was allowed to dry uncovered at room temperature. Inoculated slides were used as soon as possible, often the same day to minimize loss of viability.
• Disinfectant application Care was taken during treatment application to assure consistency between slides and experiments. Disinfectants were applied to inoculated slides with an air brush (e.g., Iwata revolution R4500) from a distance of 20-30 cm and a 12-18 psi setting of the compressor output regulator. Travel time for a treatment pass was about 1 ft/sec. Methods were adjusted in order to maintain consistent application between slides. Slides were air dried uncovered at room temperature.
• an air brush e.g., Iwata revolution R4500
• DF 20
• the CFU/slide was calculated using the spiral plater counting tables and multiplying by the dilution factor. Viability loss due to disinfection was determined by comparing treated slide values with the untreated positive control.
• Peroxy pyruvic acid was synthesized as follows. Pyruvic acid was added to hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of between -30 0 C and 10 0 C until a conglomerate layer formed on the bottom of the flask. The reaction was allowed to stand without stirring until all pyruvic acid had dissolved into solution. Formation of peroxy pyruvic acid was confirmed by mass spectrometer and by chemical reaction.
• FIG. 1 shows efficacy of peroxy pyruvic acid against C. Difficile using sulfuric acid catalysts and methods of Example 1 above. All efficacy studies for C difficile were done according to the Official Method 966.04 "Sporicidal Activity of Disinfectants"
• Figure 2 shows efficacy of peroxy alpha keto butyric acid against C. Difficile.

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• 2009
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