WO2010055540A1 - Appareil electromagnetique statique concu pour accelerer des molecules electriquement neutres a l'aide de leur moment electrique dipolaire - Google Patents

Appareil electromagnetique statique concu pour accelerer des molecules electriquement neutres a l'aide de leur moment electrique dipolaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010055540A1
WO2010055540A1 PCT/IT2009/000514 IT2009000514W WO2010055540A1 WO 2010055540 A1 WO2010055540 A1 WO 2010055540A1 IT 2009000514 W IT2009000514 W IT 2009000514W WO 2010055540 A1 WO2010055540 A1 WO 2010055540A1
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Prior art keywords
fact
electric
dipolar
molecules
substance
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PCT/IT2009/000514
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English (en)
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Achille Zanzucchi
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Achille Zanzucchi Editore Di Achille Zanzucchi
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Publication of WO2010055540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010055540A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/04—Acceleration by electromagnetic wave pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/32—Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation

Definitions

  • the present invention has as object a mechanically static electromagnetic apparatus for accelerating electrically neutral molecules utilizing their weak dipolar electric moment, also for the realization of a new type of electric motor.
  • the apparatus finds employment as: a) pump for liquids, b) compressor for gases, c) propeller for solid substancies (in pieces, in powder or in suspension in liquids), d) rotative electric motor without electric connections between stator and rotor, e) generator of electricity fed by fluids under pressure, f) flow indicator for fluids, g) separator of chemical components in liquid or gas phase, h) separator of isotopes of atoms.
  • the product of the value of the total positive charge of the particle by the distance between the centers-of-mass of the positive and negative charges forms a dipolar electric moment.
  • the behaviour of the particle under the action of an external electric field due to the effect of the dipolar electric moment can be schematized as that of the complex of an electron ("equivalent electron”) and a positron both solid with the same particle, lying along the axis connecting the centers-of-mass of the positive and negative electric charges, and separated by an "equivalent arm of dipolar moment" ⁇ .
  • the dipolar electric moment is given by the product [e ⁇ ] and can be measured in the unit [e m] (electron-meter).
  • the separation of two liquid components from a mixture with physical methods is industrially made mainly with fractional destination, in columns, generally at trays, utilizing the difference between the boiling points of the same components.
  • the separation by means of centrifuges is employed only in some cases, as for the isotopes of uranium.
  • a part of the condensate is re-introduced into the top plate as "reflux", and this reflux can be in quantity even by several times greater than that of the useful part extracted.
  • the less volatile component propane
  • the less volatile component propane
  • a tray is an "enrichment element" in the more volatile component. This enrichment is obtained by creating in the same tray a chemical-physical equilibrium between a liquid phase and a gas one, in which the concentration of the more volatile component in the vapour is higher than that in the liquid.
  • the technique now described is, however, very complex and expensive.
  • the technical task at the basis of the present invention is to propose a new type of electromagnetic device that overcome the inconveniencies of the known solutions, and the applications of which can allow simplifications and savings in costs.
  • one of the aims of the present invention is to make available a new type of electromagnetic device to be utilized as propeller or rotatory electric motor.
  • the technical task pointed out and the aims specified are substantially realized by a new type of electromagnetic device, comprising the characteristics shown in one or more of the attached claims.
  • Fig. 1 shows wave forms of the vector electric field strength E and of the vector magnetic induction B; - Fig. 2 shows a propeller.
  • the substance under treatment liquid, gas or solid
  • a treating chamber 1 the substance under treatment (liquid, gas or solid) is subjected, in a treating chamber 1, to the action of an alternating magnetic field (at rectangular, or rectangular with rounded-off vertices, or even sinusoidal waves) with vector "magnetic innduction" B perpendicular to the direction of the thrust to obtain and, simultaneously, to an isofrequential alternating electric field with vector "electric field strength" E perpendicular to both B and to the direction of the thrust.
  • an alternating magnetic field at rectangular, or rectangular with rounded-off vertices, or even sinusoidal waves
  • the stretching, as regards the electron is a movement that has a component 2 ⁇ in the y-direction with respect to the positron. Since this schematic electron makes, with respect to the antagonist positron, in the y-direction and at a certain velocity, such a displacement 2 ⁇ , it is subjected in the magnetic field B acting in z-direction, to a Lorentz force in x- direction, in a determined running way.
  • the particle after the stretching and up to the end of the half-period of the electric field (stretch t2'-t4) does not vary its alignment and its orientation in the y-direction and does not undergo, therefore, any further Lorentz force independently of variations of the magnetic field.
  • the particle When the electric field will again be inverted, at the instant t4, the particle will undergo a new stretching in the opposite direction, but will be exposed to a magnetic field inverted with respect to the previous half-period. It will undergo, therefore, a Lorentz force equal in absolute value and still directed along x, in the same way as that of the previous half-period.
  • the average thrust on the particle can be calculated as the force acting on an electron that cover, in uniform motion, in a second a distance equal to 4- ⁇ -f, being "F the frequency in Hertz, at an "equivalent velocity" of 4- ⁇ -f m/s.
  • Relaxation time the time necessary for the substance under treatment to return, after exclusion of the electric field, to its spontaneous orientation, which is determined, in the case of a liquid, by the mutual interactions among the dipolar electric and magnetic moments of all the surrounding particles. The effect of these interactions on the orientation of the particles can be considered as inexistent in the case of gases.
  • the relaxation time is not sufficiently short with respect to the half-period of the two (electric and magnetic) fields applied, it gets near a resonance case, to which strong effects of agitation on the particles and high dispersions of energy correspond.
  • the stretching times are in relation with those of relaxation, but depend also on the intensity of the external electric field applied.
  • the relaxation and stretching times are longer than the half-period of the external fields, the phenomenon of the production of the periodical thrusts in the same oriented direction is disactivated.
  • the relaxation times in the molecular polarization are relatively long, because of which, for most polar molecules, the molecular polarization can be utilized only up to a maximum of 100 MHz.
  • the type of application chosen is that of motor (pump for water).
  • the complete apparatus comprises a certain number of propellers, that will be connected to one another in series and parallel combinations according to what will be said later.
  • a feeder 2 with two outlets 2a and 2b, connected at its inlet 2c to a power net at 50
  • the alternating voltage of the second outlet 2b must be such as to secure within the treating chamber 1 for the electric field strength E a number of V/cm sufficient to produce an efficient stretching of the particles.
  • E the electric field strength
  • the employment of higher electric field strengths, in the order of 1000 V/cm, can produce, in addition to a more efficient stretching of the molecules, a certain increase of the equivalent arm of dipolar moment, for further deformation of the H 2 O molecule.
  • the electric field strength in the treating chamber must be very high (in the order of the tens of thousands of V/cm), since in such polarization the dipolar moment of the particles is proportional to the voltage applied.
  • the feeder Downstream the feeder there is placed a non-inductive resistance 3, that can also be absent, with the function to avoid the short-circuits.
  • the propeller 4 Downstream the non-inductive resistance 3 there is the complex of the propellers, the first only of which is shown in Fig. 2, indicated with 4.
  • the propeller 4 consists in the following elements. • A winding 5 or inductor at turns in conducting material in which the electric current for the generation of the magnetic field circulates. The turns are "in air” (without magnetic nucleus). The axis of the winding lies along z, and the turns are at rectangular section of 3 cm along y and 5 cm along x.
  • the winding 5 is divided into two parts, connected in series, each of which has the length along z of 6 cm and comprises 15 turns. The two parts are separated by a distance (“inductor interspacing") of 2 cm.
  • a treating chamber 1 in correspondence of the inductor interspacing, of the section yz of 3 x 2 cm, inside which the fluid flows.
  • An active condenser 8 formed by two parallel sheets (armature) laid such as to produce an electric field directed along y through the treating chamber 1. The two sheets are of the sizes, along x and z, respectively of 6 and 2 cm, and are spaced along y by 4 cm. The voltage to be applied to the sheets is that directly supplied by the feeder 2 through the second outlet 2b.
  • the geometric sizing of the inductor 5 must try to make the flux lines of the vector B be as uniformly as possible distributed within the (even if not circular) section of the turns 7, and cross almost completely the treating chamber 1 , without running-out of the edges.
  • the lengths along z of the higher and lower stretches of the winding have been chosen in such a way as to make easier a "parallelizing" of the magnetic flux lines in all the inductor 5.
  • This parallelizing, on which the optimal utilization of the magnetic field inside the treating chamber 1 depends can, then, be improved in the connection among the several propellers by placing the inductors of two of these on each other at immediate contact in z direction.
  • the number of molecules per cm 3 is obtained in the following way.
  • the active condenser 8 of the propeller 4 is fed, as already said, by a voltage directly supplied by the feeder 2.
  • the maximum value practically acceptable of the inductive voltage in the winding is one of the main limiting factors in the thrust obtainable from a propeller. In fact, it reduces the current that can circulate in the inductor and, with it, the vector B of the magnetic induction in the treating chamber, proportional to the thrusts obtainable.
  • a resonance condenser 6 at each turn 7 instead of placing one only at the end of all the winding. Instead of inserting at each turn 7 one only resonance condenser 6, it is possible to provide several of them, for example, 16.
  • a further realization variant provides to realize the winding with a "compound” conductor, formed by several stretches, being inserted at the end of each stretch a small resonance condenser calculated to eliminate the inductive voltage in the same stretch. It would result, so, a "bead” string conductor, with the “beads” more or less close to each other. With such a compound conductor it is possible to plan inductors with relatively great internal sections at equal vector B, containing the inductive voltage within practically acceptable limits.
  • the propellers can be connected to one another in various ways, not shown but in the following described.
  • 5 propellers are placed on each other, in z-direction, with immediate contact between the windings.
  • Several aggregates of 5 propellers are placed aside each other, suitably spaced, in x-direction.
  • the treating chambers of the propellers are not subdivided into canals there are 5 treating tubes, each of which runs rectilinearly among the propellers of the aggregates.
  • the 5 treating tubes can, then, be connected to one another in parallel or series. If the treating chamber of each propeller is subdivided into canals, in these there passes a tube that crosses all propellers or a part of them (if there are more tubes to be set in parallel).
  • Another way of connection can be that of forming an aggregate by placing several propellers at contact with each other along a rectangular pattern, so that to produce along it a total magnetic field with flux lines completely closed in the inside of the turns, realizing an optimal utilization of the lines of the total magnetic field of the aggregate.
  • the windings of the inductors can be connected in series and parallel combinations.
  • the active condensers of the several propellers are connected to one another in parallel. It is necessary, however, to secure, eventually with suitable auxiliary devices, that in each propeller the phase relation between the vectors E of the electric field and B of the magnetic field through the treating chamber be such as to allow the operation of the process according to Fig. 1.
  • a first possibility of variation of the process flow scheme shown in Fig. 2 can be that of sending to the active condenser, instead of a voltage directly supplied by the feeder, another voltage taken between two points of the winding of the inductor. It is needed, however, in this case, to carefully study, and eventually regulate with suitable devices, the phase relation of the voltage to the active condenser with respect to the current sent to the inductor, to make possible the operation of the process according to Fig. 1.
  • Other possibilities of variation can be those of placing the treating chamber directly in the inside of the turns of the inductor. This can be obtained, for example, according to the following scheme, that considers to realize a propeller ("helicotron") with treating chamber formed by a helicoidal tube. In this new scheme the inductor is formed by a primary helicoidal winding of turns "in air” laid along the surface of a first cylinder of the diamere, for example, of 10 cm.
  • a helicoidal coil forming the treating chamber is placed in the inside of the first cylinder, along the surface of a second cylinder, co-axial with the first and of diameter a little shorter (in the above case, for example, of 8 cm).
  • the electric field necessary for the production of the Lorentz forces is realized by sending through the coil an alternating electric voltage, isofrequential with respect to the current sent to the primary winding and directed radially.
  • This electric voltage must be, in correspondence of each point of the coil, in a phase relation with the vector B of the magnetic field such as to make possible the operation of the process according to Fig. 1.
  • a third cylinder internal to the second cylinder and co-axial with both, of the diameter of 6 cm in the above example, there is placed a propely winding, of length exactly equal to that of the primary winding, and then with number of turns slightly greater, taking into account also the fractions of turn.
  • the two windings must have the same winding way (at helicoids both right-handed or left-handed).
  • the depoty winding is open at both ends.
  • the magnetic field produced by the primary winding induces into the depoty winding a current.
  • the conductors of the two windings form the two elements of the armature of the active condenser 8 of Fig. 2.
  • the startery winding could be connected, with suitable planning, to a separate outlet from the feeder.
  • a propeller at helicoidal treating tube would allow, from a theoretical point of view, to utilize in optimal way the magnetic field, the electric one and the treating tube itself, in that it would have all advantages deriving from a physical process continuous and uniform along the full path of the substance to treat.
  • the realizability of such a propeller is rather problematic, and it will be possible to carefully study it with laborious experimental research.
  • feeders for rectangular waves are preferrable, in that they allow to have easier and precisely the maximum values of the magnetic field in the short time interval in which the electric field, after an inversion, is sufficiently intense to produce the alignment by polarization of a particle of the substance under treatment.
  • Such feeders can be easily planned, even for high frequencies, with the technology at transistors or equivalent electronic components.
  • sinusoidal waves, or waves of intermediate form between the rectangular and the sinusoidal, or pulsating, or anyway of other types there exists the problem, in the planning of a propeller, to do so that, in the short time interval in which the electric field determines the stretching of the particle, the average value of the magnetic field be sufficiently distant from the zero.
  • phase shift can be planned and regulated with high precision for any apparatus and any substance under treatment, since even a little discrepancy of the same shift from the optimal value can lead to very sensible reductions in the thrusts obtainable.
  • Magnetic nuclei in ferrite
  • superconductors kept at the temperatures of liquid helium or nitrogen
  • turns of the inductors can be utilized.
  • magnetrons would make possible the utilization of very strong magnetic fields at the frequencies in the order of the GHz's. This would present, however, problems of difficult solution in the planning, above all because of the short wavelengths. It would be, anyway, necessary to utilize the electronic polarization, since at such frequencies the molecular polarization is disactivated, being in it the stretching and relaxation times of the molecules too long with respect to the fourth of period of the waves.
  • the waves of the electric field produced by the active condenser of each propeller can be replaced by Hertz waves obtained, for example, from a magnetron. They, in fact, cause stretchings of the particles (atoms or molecules) identical to those produced by waves of electric voltage.
  • the utilization of the electronic polarization is the only choice in many cases, in relation to the polarizability of the atoms or the molecules of the substances treated.
  • the electronic polarization is active also at the low frequencies, at which, however, it gives a modest contribution to the thrusts on the particles. This because, even employing high voltages in the electric field, the "equivalent arm of dipolar moment" results very short due to the scarce deformability of the atoms.
  • Advantages of the electronic polarization are that of being present for all the species of atoms or molecules and the other of having "relaxation times" (in the order of 10 "16 s) much shorter than those of the molecular polarization, allowing the utilization of high frequencies, to which the thrusts obtainable are proportional.
  • the disadvantages are represented mainly by the very short wavelengths and by thbe necessity of utilizing very high voltages in the active condensers.
  • the present invention finds a first application as motor/generator, and in particular as pump for liquids
  • a rotative electric motor can be realized according to one of the schemes previously described, and exactly according to that of the helicotron, placing a polar substance (at intrinsic or ionic polarization), liquid or preferably solid, inside the helicoidal coil located between the two primary and propely windings, and blocking the same coil at the ends and at other intermediate points.
  • the primary winding is arranged in the stator.
  • the coil, along with the depoty winding, is placed in the rotor.
  • the depoty winding is left open at the ends. In this way there is no electric connection between stator and rotor.
  • the present invention has application also as generator of electricity fed by liquids (for which the same considerations made for the pumping of liquids apply) and as generator of electricity fed by gases (for which the same considerations made for the compression of gases are valid).
  • the present invention has also application as flow indicator for fluids.
  • An apparatus for the flow measurement of fluids with the technology at dipolar electric moment is constructed as a generator of electricity. With respect to the traditional measuring methods such an indicator has the advantage not to require sensible pressure losses for the passage of the fluids.
  • the present invention finds utilization also as separator of components from a mixture.
  • the particles (atoms or molecules) of the components are subjected to axial thrusts proportional not to their masses (as happens, for example, in the centrifuges or in the field of gravity), but to their dipolar electric moments. It is defined as volumetric thrust on a component the ratio between the thrust on a particle from dipolar electric moment and the average volume occupied by the same particle.
  • the measurement unit for such thrust is the UIm 3 .
  • the separation between two components takes place on the basis of their differential volumetric thrust.
  • This differential volumetric thrust can be compared with the difference in the specific gravities of two non-mixable liquids subjected to the action of gravity. In the comparison with the traditional method, the equivalent of a destination tray is a stretch of the tube forming the treating chamber.
  • the inside of the tube is empty, and this involves enormous simplification and reduction of construction costs with respect to the system at destination columns.
  • the savings in the operation costs are, with respect to that traditional by destination, very high, above all for the fact that there is avoided the vaporization of liquids in quantities that can be a multiple even high of that of the liquid of the feed, as in the case, already mentionned, of the propane-propylene separation.
  • the savings in construction, operation and maintenance it is possible to consider also the advantage of having structures more compact and arranged horizontally, instead of vertically.
  • the plates are piled vertically and, when the column results very high (for example, over 60 meters), it is subdivided into two or more parts connected in series.
  • the technology at dipolar electric moment finds application also in the case os separation of gases.
  • a gas mixture of two or more chemical components In the case of gases it is introduced at an intermediate point of a treating tube a gas mixture of two or more chemical components.
  • the two components, or the two groups of components, to separate migrate each towards an end of the tube, from which they are extracted.
  • a difference with respect to the case of liquids is that the agitation of the gas mass in the inside of the tube must be very low.
  • the treating tube instead of being internally empty, can be suitably filled with inert material, to reduce the turbolences.
  • the separation takes place, also in the case of gases too, on the basis of the differential volumetric thrust on the components to separate.
  • a first EXAMPLE can be the separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air utilizing the electronic polarization.
  • the constant of electric influence ⁇ 0 has the value, in SI (Standard International) units 8.8542-10 12 .
  • ⁇ ' ⁇ / (4 ⁇ 0 ) m 3 1.77 ⁇ 10 "3 ° 0.793 ⁇ 10 "30 dipolar moment e m / (V/m) 1.229-10 "21 0.551 -10 "21
  • the number of molecules per unit volume, equal for the two components, in normal conditions (0°C and 760 mm Hg) is calculated on the basis of the Avogadro constants (6.02252-10 23 molecules/g-mol and 0.022414 m 3 /g-mol).
  • the same differential volumetric thrust can, then, be increased with subsequent perfectionings, for example, with an increase of the pressure or the magnetic induction (with the utilization of magnetic nuclei, superconductors, etc. according to the possibilities of which it has been previously said).
  • it can be thought of the separation between air and CO 2 that spontaneously occours on the grounds adjacent to the perforations of the geothermal plants.
  • Another application is the separation of electrolytes from liquids, as is the case, for example, of the desalting of sea water.
  • the ionic polarization is utilized. Introducing into a treating tube, at an intermediate point, the sea water, it il possible to obtain at an end of the tube a concentrated salt solution, and at the other desalted water.
  • the propeller finds application also for the purification of chemical substances for the purpose of eliminating, up to a high grade, impurities from chemical substances for which an extreme purity is to be reached, as reagents for chemical analyses and intermediate products for the production of silicon or gallium arsenide crystals (for computers or fotovoltaic applications).
  • Another industrial application can be that of the separation of the isotopes of atoms, in particular the separation of the isotopes of hydrogen and uranium.
  • the separation is made on hydrogen in the combined state, as water (mixture of H 2 O, D 2 O and T 2 O) and in liquid phase.
  • the invention finds application as separator, for example, for separation of liquid or gas mixtures of propane-propylene, separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air in gas phase, desalting of sea water, purification of substances for which an extreme purity is required, as reagents for chemical analyses, and separation of isotopes of atoms.
  • the thrusts on the substance under treatment are produced by exerting on the particles of the same substance (atoms or molecules) a Lorentz force, intermittent and always directed in only one way, obtained subjecting the substance to a combination of a magnetic field and one electric, alternating and isofrequential.
  • the velocity necessary for the production of the Lorentz force is obtained by displacing, at each inversion of the electric field, the positive and negative electric charges of the particles utilizing their dipolar electric moment, preexisting or induced by the electric field.
  • the combination magnetic field / electric field can be replaced by the combination magnetic field / Hertz waves, realized in such a way to still utilize the dipolar electric moment of the particles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif électromagnétique statique permettant d'accélérer des molécules électriquement neutres à l'aide de leur moment électrique dipolaire, qui se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend: un tube de traitement en matériau non conducteur, vide à l'intérieur ou rempli  d'un matériau inerte, dans lequel on introduit une matière (liquide ou solide) à traiter; des circuits électromagnétiques statiques qui enveloppent le tube de traitement ci-dessus exerçant sur ladite matière à traiter des actions électromagnétiques qui la poussent de manière axiale.
PCT/IT2009/000514 2008-11-17 2009-11-13 Appareil electromagnetique statique concu pour accelerer des molecules electriquement neutres a l'aide de leur moment electrique dipolaire WO2010055540A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPR2008A000077 2008-11-17
IT000077A ITPR20080077A1 (it) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Nuovo tipo di motore elettrico.

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WO2010055540A1 true WO2010055540A1 (fr) 2010-05-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105186921A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-23 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种层叠式异步静电电动机
CN111693556A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-09-22 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于自旋回波小角中子散射谱仪的中子极化方向翻转装置

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663932A (en) * 1982-07-26 1987-05-12 Cox James E Dipolar force field propulsion system
DE4114772A1 (de) * 1991-05-06 1992-11-12 Kaufmann Klaus Verfahren und einrichtung zum foerdern eines elektrisch polarisierte molekuele zumindest enthaltenden mediums
US20040135743A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2004-07-15 Xerox Corporation Separation of encapsulated particles from empty shells

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663932A (en) * 1982-07-26 1987-05-12 Cox James E Dipolar force field propulsion system
DE4114772A1 (de) * 1991-05-06 1992-11-12 Kaufmann Klaus Verfahren und einrichtung zum foerdern eines elektrisch polarisierte molekuele zumindest enthaltenden mediums
US20040135743A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2004-07-15 Xerox Corporation Separation of encapsulated particles from empty shells

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
L.T. WOOD: "Electromagnetic acceleration of neutral molecules", AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 42, no. 11, 1 November 1974 (1974-11-01), USA, pages 1020, XP008121290 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105186921A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-23 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种层叠式异步静电电动机
CN111693556A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-09-22 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于自旋回波小角中子散射谱仪的中子极化方向翻转装置
CN111693556B (zh) * 2020-07-22 2022-09-27 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于自旋回波小角中子散射谱仪的中子极化方向翻转装置

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