WO2010052609A2 - Coil arrangement and magnetic induction tomography system comprising such a coil arrangement - Google Patents
Coil arrangement and magnetic induction tomography system comprising such a coil arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010052609A2 WO2010052609A2 PCT/IB2009/054766 IB2009054766W WO2010052609A2 WO 2010052609 A2 WO2010052609 A2 WO 2010052609A2 IB 2009054766 W IB2009054766 W IB 2009054766W WO 2010052609 A2 WO2010052609 A2 WO 2010052609A2
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- coil
- measurement
- magnetic field
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
- G01V3/10—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils
- G01V3/104—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils using several coupled or uncoupled coils
Definitions
- the reference measurement coil 610 measures the reference signal for the transmitting coil so as to identify features of the transmitting signal on the transmitting coil 409.
- the identified features of the transmitting signal can be used for system calibration and further image reconstruction.
Abstract
The invention relates to a coil arrangement comprising at least one transmitting coil for generating a primary magnetic field; and a plurality of measurement coils; wherein the at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) and the plurality of measurement coils (410, 411) are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil (409) among said at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) passes into and out of a first measurement coil (410) among said plurality of measurement coils (410, 411), the first measurement coil being the coil closest to the transmitting coil. By enabling the flux of the primary magnetic field to pass into and out of a first measurement coil, the signal induced on the first measurement coil by the positive and negative flux can be compensated, resulting in a reduction of the signal strength of the induced signal on the measurement coil and the signal dynamic range.
Description
COIL ARRANGEMENT AND MAGNETIC INDUCTION TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A COIL ARRANGEMENT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to magnetic induction tomography, in particular to a coil arrangement for a magnetic induction tomography system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a non-invasive and contactless imaging technique with applications in industry and medical imaging. In contrast to other electrical imaging techniques, MIT does not require direct contact of the sensors with the object of interest for imaging.
MIT is used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the passive electrical properties inside the object of interest, for example, conductivity0" , permittivity ε and permeability ^ . In MIT, a sinusoidal electric current, normally between a few kHz up to several MHz, is applied to a transmitting coil, generating a time-varying magnetic field, usually referred to as primary magnetic field. Due to the conducting object of interest, for example, a biological tissue, the primary field produces "eddy currents" in the object of interest. These eddy currents generate a secondary magnetic field. The combination of these magnetic fields induces an electric signal, for example, electric voltages in the receiving coils. Using several transmitting coils and repeating the measurements, sets of measurement data are acquired and used to visualize changes in time of the electromagnetic properties of the object of interest.
MIT is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties: electrical conductivity, permittivity and magnetic permeability. As a result, for example, the conductivity contribution in the object of interest can be reconstructed. In particular, MIT is suitable for reconstructing images for biological tissue, because of the magnetic permeability value μR «1 of such tissue.
One technical challenge in hardware design for MIT systems is the large signal dynamic range of the measurement channels. For a MIT system having multiple measurement channels, the measurement coil close to a transmitting coil receives a much stronger signal than the one that is far away from the transmitting coil.
Fig. 1 shows a coil arrangement in a conventional MIT system having multiple measurement channels.
The measurement coils and the transmitting coils are arranged in annular arrays in pairs on a rack 101. When the transmitting coil 109 is fed with an alternating current, a primary magnetic field will be generated, which will induce electric signals on all measurement coils. Among the multiple measurement coils, the signal induced on the measurement coil 110 that is closest to the transmitting coil is the strongest, and the signal strength on other measurement coils decreases as the distance between the measurement coil and the transmitting coil increases.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view and top view of flux distribution of the primary magnetic field for two neighbouring measurement coils in a conventional coil arrangement as shown in Fig.l.
In Fig. 2, the flux 212 of the primary magnetic field generated by transmitting coil 109 passes through the measurement coils 110 and 111. The arrows in Fig.2 indicate the direction of the flux curve, and the symbols " " and "xxxx" indicate different/opposite directions of flux 212 and show how the positive flux passes through the measurement coil in one direction, or the negative flux passes through the measurement coil in the other, opposite, direction. As the measurement coil 110 is arranged to be close to the transmitting coil 109 in a pair, more flux passes through coil 110 than through coil 111, resulting in a large difference of signal strength between the measurement coils 110 and 111.
Fig.3 shows a simulation result of the signal amplitude on the measurement coils of a MIT system having sixteen pairs of measurement coils and transmitting coils arranged in a conventional annular array.
Referring to Fig.3, it is observed that the closer a measurement coil is to a transmitting coil, the stronger the signal will be induced on the measurement coil. The signal dynamic range in this MIT system, e.g. the signal strength difference between channels 0 and 7, is about 9OdB. A dynamic range of this value is not convenient to be dealt with in electronics design, and to meet the requirement of a large dynamic range, either a high end variable gain amplifier or an analog- to-digital converter of more bits is needed, resulting in high cost of hardware.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved coil arrangement.
To this end, according to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a coil arrangement comprising:
- at least one transmitting coil for generating a primary magnetic field; and
- a plurality of measurement coils; wherein the at least one transmitting coil and the plurality of measurement coils are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil among said at least one transmitting coil, passes into and out of a first measurement coil among said plurality of measurement coils, the first measurement coil being the coil closest to the transmitting coil.
This coil arrangement facilitates the measurement of signals generated by a MIT system. By enabling the flux curve of the primary magnetic field to pass into and out of a first measurement coil, the signal induced on the first measurement coil by the positive and negative flux can be
compensated, resulting in a reduction of the signal strength of the induced signal on the measurement coil and the signal dynamic range.
In one embodiment, the sizes of the plurality of measurement coils are adjusted in such a way that the net flux passing through the first measurement coil is substantially equal to the net flux passing through a second measurement coil among the plurality of measurement coils, the second measurement coil being next to the first measurement coil. The net flux is herein defined as the positive flux compensated with negative flux or as the negative flux compensated with positive flux.
By adjusting the size of the plurality of measurement coils so as to change the volume of net flux passing through measurements coils, the signal induced on the first measurement coil can be reduced to the same level with the second measurement coil that is next to the first measurement coil.
In another embodiment, the plurality of measurement coils is arranged in an annular array and each of the at least one transmitting coil is staggered with two neighboring measurement coils among the plurality of measurement coils. This makes it possible for a MIT system with the inventive coil arrangement to acquire multiple independent measurement data with a reduced dynamic range of signals.
Compared to conventional coil arrangements, this novel coil arrangement has the additional advantage of an increase of independent measurement data.
In a further embodiment, the coil arrangement also comprises at least one reference coil for measuring signals induced by the primary magnetic field, the maximum signal of the measured signals being taken as a reference signal for the transmitting coil generating the primary magnetic field. The original phase of the transmitting signals can be easily identified with the reference signal provided by the reference measurement coil, which is helpful in further signal-processing operations.
According to another aspect of the invention, a magnetic induction system comprises a coil arrangement according to the invention.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a method of reconstructing images of an object of interest is provided, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) generating a primary magnetic field to be applied to the object of interest by at least one transmitting coil; and
(b) measuring electric signals induced by a secondary magnetic field by a plurality of measurement coils, the secondary magnetic field being generated by the object of interest in response to the primary magnetic field, wherein the at least one transmitting coil and the plurality of measurement coils are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil among said at least one transmitting coil passes into and out of a first measurement coil among said plurality of measurement coils, the first measurement coil being the coil closest to the transmitting coil.
Detailed explanations and other aspects of the invention are given below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig.l shows a coil arrangement of a MIT system having multiple measurement channels.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view and top view of flux distribution of the primary magnetic field for two neighbouring measurement coils in a conventional coil arrangement.
Fig.3 shows measurement results of signal strengths on the measurement channels of a MIT system.
Fig.4 shows an embodiment of a coil arrangement according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view and top view of flux distribution of the primary magnetic field in a coil arrangement according to the invention.
Fig.6 shows another embodiment of a coil arrangement according to the invention.
Fig. 7 shows a MIT system having a coil arrangement according to the invention.
Fig.8 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention.
The same reference numerals are used to denote similar parts throughout the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Fig.4 shows an embodiment of a coil arrangement according to the invention.
The coil arrangement comprises at least one transmitting coil 408, 409 and a plurality of measurement coils 410, 411. When the transmitting coil is fed with an alternating current, it generates a primary magnetic field which induces electric signals on the measurement coils.
The at least one transmitting coil 408, 409 and the plurality of measurement coils 410, 411 are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil 409 passes into and out of a measurement coil 410, which is the coil closest to the transmitting coil 409.
In one embodiment, the at least one transmitting coil and the plurality of measurement coils are arranged in an annular array and each transmitting coil is staggered with two neighboring measurement coils. Furthermore, the coil arrangement comprises the same number of transmitting coils and measurement coils for obtaining a plurality of sets of independent measurements.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view and top view of flux distribution of the primary magnetic field in a coil arrangement according to the invention.
The measurement coil 410 shown in Fig.5 is moved to one side so that it staggers with the transmitting coil 409 (not parallel with 409 as in Fig.2). The effect of this arrangement is that the flux of the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil 409 will pass into and out of the measurement coil 410 in two directions. Accordingly, the negative flux will compensate at least a part of the positive flux, resulting in a reduced signal strength in the measurement coil 410. As the measurement coil closest to the transmitting coil is a very important contributor to the large dynamic range of the measurement signals in a measurement system having the coil arrangement, the reduction of signal strength in the measurement coil 410 results in a reduction of the dynamic range of the system.
In another embodiment, the sizes of the measurement coils 410, 411 are adjusted in such a way that the net flux passing through the measurement coil 410, which is closest to the transmitting coil, is substantially equal to the net flux passing through the measurement coil 411, which is next to the measurement coil 410 among the plurality of measurement coils in the coil arrangement. When flux passes into and out of a coil, the net flux is defined as the positive flux compensated with negative flux or as the negative flux compensated with positive flux.
The adjustment of the sizes of measurement coils is based on the theory that the induced voltage on a measurement coil is the integration electric field (E) across the coil. Accordingly, changing the sizes of the measurement coils will result in changes of the signal strength of the induced voltages on the measurement coils. By adjusting the sizes of the measurement coils 410, 411, the signal strength of the induced voltage on measurement coil 410 can be reduced to the level of the induced voltage on the measurement coil 411, resulting in a reduced dynamic range of the system.
Fig.6 shows another embodiment of a coil arrangement according to the invention.
In Fig.6, the coil arrangement comprises at least one reference coil 610 for measuring signals induced by the primary magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil 409. The maximum signal is taken as reference signal for the transmitting coil 409 so as to identify the features of the transmitting signal on the transmitting coil 409.
The reference coil 610 is arranged on one side of the transmitting coil 409 and is opposite to the measurement coils 410, 411 so that this reference signal is less contaminated by the object to be tested (which will be arranged close to the measurement coils) or by the currents through other coils in the system.
Fig. 7 shows a MIT system having a coil arrangement according to the invention.
In Fig.7, an object of interest 700, which may be any object made of conductive materials, for example, various industrial conductive objects, human tissue, etc., is arranged in a measurement chamber formed by the plurality of measurement coils 410, 411. When a transmitting coil of the coil arrangement is fed with an alternating current, it generates a primary magnetic field, which induces an eddy current in the object of interest 700.
The plurality of measurement coils 410, 411 measures electric signals induced by a secondary magnetic field which is generated by the object of interest in response to the primary magnetic field, and in particular, the secondary magnetic field is generated by the eddy current in the object of interest, which is induced by the primary magnetic field.
Furthermore, the reference measurement coil 610 measures the reference signal for the transmitting coil so as to identify features of the transmitting signal on the transmitting coil 409. The identified features of the transmitting signal can be used for system calibration and further image reconstruction.
The MIT system further comprises a processor 710 for calculating a conductivity distribution of the object of interest based on the measured electric signals and visualizing the conductivity distribution of the object of interest.
Fig.8 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention.
The method of reconstructing images of an object of interest comprises a step 810 of generating a primary magnetic field to be applied to the object of interest by at least one transmitting coil 408, 409, and a step 820 of measuring electric signals induced by a secondary magnetic field by a plurality of measurement coils 410, 411, the secondary magnetic field being generated by the object of interest in response to the primary magnetic field.
The at least one transmitting coil and the plurality of measurement coils are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil among the at least one transmitting coil passes into and out of a measurement coil closest to the transmitting coil.
The method further comprises a step 825 of adjusting the sizes of the plurality of measurement coils in such a way that the net flux passing through the first measurement coil 410 is substantially equal to the net flux passing through a second measurement coil 411 among the plurality of measurement coils, the second measurement coil being next to the first measurement coil.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises a step 830 of measuring signals induced by the primary magnetic field by a reference coil 610, the maximum signal of the measured signals being taken as a reference signal for the transmitting coil generating the primary magnetic field so as to identify the features of the transmitting signal on the transmitting coil 409.
The method further comprises a step 840 of calculating a conductivity distribution of the object of interest and visualizing the conductivity distribution.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternating embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. Use of the verb "comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than
those stated in a claim or in the description. Use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. In the system claims enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. Use of the words first, second and third, etc. does not indicate any ordering. These words are to be interpreted as names.
Claims
1. A coil arrangement comprising:
- at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) for generating a primary magnetic field; and
- a plurality of measurement coils (410, 411); wherein the at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) and the plurality of measurement coils (410, 411) are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil (409) among said at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) passes into and out of a first measurement coil (410) among said plurality of measurement coils (410, 411), the first measurement coil being the coil closest to the transmitting coil.
2. A coil arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sizes of the plurality of measurement coils are adjusted in such a way that the net flux passing through the first measurement coil is substantially equal to the net flux passing through a second measurement coil (411) among the plurality of measurement coils, the second measurement coil being next to the first measurement coil.
3. A coil arrangement as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plurality of measurement coils is arranged in an annular array and each of the at least one transmitting coil is staggered with two neighboring measurement coils among the plurality of measurement coils.
4. A coil arrangement as claimed in claim 3, further comprising at least one reference coil (610) for measuring signals induced by the primary magnetic field, the maximum signal of the measured signals being taken as a reference signal for the transmitting coil generating the primary magnetic field so as to identify the features of the transmitting signal on the transmitting coil.
5. A coil arrangement as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of the at least one reference coil is arranged on one side of one of the at least one transmitting coil and is opposite to the plurality of measurement coils.
6. A magnetic induction system comprising a coil arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method of reconstructing images of an object of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) generating (810) a primary magnetic field to be applied to the object of interest by at least one transmitting coil (408, 409); and
(b) measuring (820) electric signals induced by a secondary magnetic field by a plurality of measurement coils (410, 411), the secondary magnetic field being generated by the object of interest in response to the primary magnetic field, wherein the at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) and the plurality of measurement coils (410, 411) are arranged in such a way that the flux curve of the primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil (409) among said at least one transmitting coil (408, 409) passes into and out of a first measurement coil (410) among said plurality of measurement coils (410, 411), the first measurement coil being the coil closest to the transmitting coil.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a step (825) of adjusting the sizes of the plurality of measurement coils in such a way that the net flux passing through the first measurement coil is substantially equal to the net flux passing through a second measurement coil (411) among the plurality of measurement coils, the second measurement coil being next to the first measurement coil.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a step (830) of measuring signals induced by the primary magnetic field by a reference coil (610), the maximum signal of the measured signals being taken as a reference signal for the transmitting coil generating the primary magnetic field so as to identify the features of the transmitting signal on the transmitting coil (409).
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising a step (840) of calculating a conductivity distribution of the object of interest and visualizing the conductivity distribution.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810174844.2 | 2008-11-07 | ||
| CN200810174844 | 2008-11-07 |
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| WO2010052609A2 true WO2010052609A2 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
| WO2010052609A3 WO2010052609A3 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012110920A2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-23 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Coil arrangement for a magnetic induction impedance measurement apparatus comprising a partly compensated magnetic excitation field in the detection coil |
| US9207197B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-12-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Coil for magnetic induction to tomography imaging |
| US9320451B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2016-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods for assessing health conditions using single coil magnetic induction tomography imaging |
| US9442088B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2016-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single coil magnetic induction tomographic imaging |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012110920A2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-23 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Coil arrangement for a magnetic induction impedance measurement apparatus comprising a partly compensated magnetic excitation field in the detection coil |
| WO2012110920A3 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-04-18 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Coil arrangement for a magnetic induction impedance measurement apparatus comprising a partly compensated magnetic excitation field in the detection coil |
| CN103370639A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-10-23 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Coil arrangement for a magnetic induction impedance measurement apparatus comprising a partly compensated magnetic excitation field in the detection coil |
| JP2014509891A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2014-04-24 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | Coil arrangement for a magnetic inductive impedance measuring device with a partially compensated magnetic excitation field in the detection coil |
| US9448205B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2016-09-20 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Coil arrangement for a magnetic induction impedance measurement apparatus comprising a partly compensated magnetic excitation field in the detection coil |
| US9207197B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-12-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Coil for magnetic induction to tomography imaging |
| US9320451B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2016-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods for assessing health conditions using single coil magnetic induction tomography imaging |
| US9442088B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2016-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single coil magnetic induction tomographic imaging |
| RU2617270C1 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2017-04-24 | Кимберли-Кларк Ворлдвайд, Инк. | Coil for visualisation by method of magnetic induction tomography |
| US10278609B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2019-05-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods for assessing health conditions using single coil magnetic induction tomography imaging |
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| WO2010052609A3 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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