WO2010051687A1 - 悬浮列车 - Google Patents

悬浮列车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010051687A1
WO2010051687A1 PCT/CN2009/001226 CN2009001226W WO2010051687A1 WO 2010051687 A1 WO2010051687 A1 WO 2010051687A1 CN 2009001226 W CN2009001226 W CN 2009001226W WO 2010051687 A1 WO2010051687 A1 WO 2010051687A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
train
pressure
air
low
speed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/001226
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段贤毛
Original Assignee
Duan Xianmao
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duan Xianmao filed Critical Duan Xianmao
Publication of WO2010051687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010051687A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60VAIR-CUSHION VEHICLES
    • B60V3/00Land vehicles, waterborne vessels, or aircraft, adapted or modified to travel on air cushions
    • B60V3/02Land vehicles, e.g. road vehicles
    • B60V3/04Land vehicles, e.g. road vehicles co-operating with rails or other guiding means, e.g. with air cushion between rail and vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00Other railway systems
    • B61B13/10Tunnel systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61CLOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C11/00Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of means applying the tractive effort; Arrangement or disposition of running gear other than normal driving wheel
    • B61C11/06Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of means applying the tractive effort; Arrangement or disposition of running gear other than normal driving wheel tractive effort applied or supplied by aerodynamic force or fluid reaction, e.g. air-screws and jet or rocket propulsion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a suspension train that uses a low air pressure to suspend a train
  • the main disadvantages of the maglev train are as follows: First, the technical requirements are high, the operation is difficult, the required conditions are difficult to meet, and the cost is extremely high. Second, the energy consumption is large, and it is necessary to rely on the current to generate a powerful magnetic force to turn the bulky body. Supporting requires a lot of current. When the current is large, the power consumed is large (although it is superconductor transmission). Third, in a dense atmosphere, the speed of the maglev train cannot be too large, that is, it cannot exceed 400km/h. Otherwise, it is difficult because the energy consumption and noise are too large. Accepted by the transportation department and passengers.
  • the existing urban underground railways and urban elevated light rail railways have problems of small train acceleration and low normal running speed; in terms of energy consumption, the utilization of train energy is not the largest, and energy consumption can be further reduced, and energy can be further improved. Utilization rate.
  • the low-pressure suspension train is divided into four grades, ⁇ P: a low-pressure quasi-suspended normal-speed train (specifically, urban rail train) with a normal driving speed of 80-120km/h; b normal running speed of the train Designed as a low-pressure quasi-suspended quasi-high-speed train of 200-350km/h; c.
  • the normal running speed of the train is designed to be a low-pressure quasi-suspended high-speed train of 350-500km/h; d.
  • the normal running speed of the train is designed to be 500-800km/h.
  • the super-high speed train is completely suspended at low air pressure.
  • Each grade of the low-pressure suspension train system can be divided into three major systems, namely the suspension system, the control system (including steering and braking) and the power system. .
  • the suspension system of each low-pressure suspension train consists of three main parts: the cover (stationary above the track), a part of the outer surface of the train, and the pumping system.
  • the train head is made a little higher, and the height is 10-100cm higher than the carriage at the rear of the train head.
  • the present invention combines a wheel-rail train and a levitation train so that the train can and should be fully suspended after being floated, and cannot and should be completely suspended to operate in a nearly complete suspension manner, the train is floating or approaching. In the state of complete suspension (ie, quasi-suspension), it is possible to drive normally. In this way, the train's powertrain and guidance system can be easily solved.
  • the power system uses ordinary electric locomotives.
  • the wheels are designed and installed at the bottom and top of the train. Therefore, the train says that there are two sets of tracks, one below the train and the other above the train. The train is in normal operation. , is along the two sets of tracks at the same time.
  • the power system should adopt the aeroengine principle. It is best to use a special engine called the earth engine.
  • the main components of the earth engine are: cylinders, jet tubes and gas plates.
  • the cylinder is fixed on the road surface of the railway. It is equal to the length of the track used by the train.
  • the gas damper in the cylinder automatically blocks the discharge of the high-pressure gas in the lance, and the high-pressure gas received by the lance.
  • the recoil force generated when it is ejected will reach the maximum, and the energy of the high-pressure gas will reach the limit value.
  • the superiority of the present invention is compared with the existing EMU train, the low pressure quasi-suspended train It has the following advantages: When the power is constant, the vehicle speed can be faster, the energy consumption is smaller, the window is sharply turned sharply, the load is particularly heavy, the maintenance and repair costs are extremely low, and the safety stability coefficient is particularly high.
  • the floating train also has the following advantages: the technical content is often low, the operation is very simple; does not consume a large number of valuable good conductors, superconductors Material; It does not need to consume any additional energy to suspend the train (the cow is the speed of the train to reach a certain size); there is no influence of the strong magnetic field on the human body and so on. In addition, the safety and stability factor of the train is particularly high.
  • 1 Urban deep underground railway train that is, the urban subway that is currently operating, it is located below the ground, the depth is relatively large, the route is straight, the track is not related to the direction of the street route
  • 2 urban shallow surface Light rail train a new type of train, that is, the passage used by the train is about 50 cm below the green belt on the sidewalks of the city street and the side of the bus lane.
  • the track route and the street route are almost completely Coincidence. Its construction cost is low, passengers can get on and off at a very low cost, and passengers can get on and off the car very easily.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top of the rail tracks and dirty shell structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cabin of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the appearance of the train head and the train cab of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the last compartment of the train tail according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an urban underground superficial light rail train of the present invention
  • Figure 15 is a view of a city underground of the present invention
  • Figure 3 and Figure 4 are schematic views of the fiber surface of two different parts of the same train;
  • Figure 7 and Figure 8 are schematic cross-sectional views of two different parts of the same train;
  • Figure 14 and Figure 15 are two different trains of the same type.
  • Ventilation hole in the side air chamber of the guide car, 30 Ventilation hole in the air chamber leading to the car compartment, 31. Guide air compartment at the top of the car, 32 Guided compartment side air chamber, 33. Air blocking board, 34. Guided compartment, 35. Small hollow cavity, 36. Window, 37. Wheel, 38. Wheel axle, 39. Cabin top cavity, 40. Track support frame 41. Underground tunnel side wall, 42. Tunnel bottom surface, 43. Tunnel top surface, 44. Coaming, 45. - Cabin cavity side, 46. Top rail, 47. Pillar, 48. Guide , 49. The wheel shaft, 50. The air passage 51. The air passage 52. The air passage.
  • the part (1 ') drawn by the dotted line in Figure 4 is the added part of the casing 1.
  • the 33 ⁇ 4 type casing is only suitable for high speed and super high speed trains; 2 In Fig. 10, due to the guiding compartment Existence, the hollow chamber 10 is divided into a plurality of sections by the guide compartment 34, and each section should be connected by a thicker hollow tube, and a hollow tube for communication is not shown in the drawing.
  • the low-pressure ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 float 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ speed train head and car are basically the same shape as the existing high-speed wheel-rail train, and the tracks used are basically the same. The difference is that the track should be suspended, there must be a certain space at the bottom of the car, away from the ground; 3 ⁇ 4 1. 2m or more; also build a cover above the track. See Fig. 1 to Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the rail 2 and the casing 1, that is, the two rails are to be suspended and fixed on both sides of the casing 1.
  • the track 2 is suspended and the bottom of the car has a certain height from the ground.
  • the purpose is two. One is that the front of the car can be squeezed into the bottom of the train in time; the second is that when the train runs at high speed, the air below the car will be The pressure remains essentially the same.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the appearance of the car.
  • the height-limiting wheel and the load-bearing wheel 5 are mounted on the side of the carriage, and the heights of the two are different.
  • the car base 6 is wider than the car 8. When the cake is allowed, the car 8 is as small as possible, and the thickness of the base 6 should be as large as possible so as to better enter the air into the hollow cavity 10.
  • the upper portion of the carriage 8 has an exhaust hole 7 which is connected to the atmosphere below the vehicle body through an exhaust duct 31.
  • the direction of the end opening of the exhaust pipe must be directed in the opposite direction of the forward direction of the train so that the gas in the hollow chamber 10 is better automatically discharged (it is the train to advance at a high speed).
  • An air extractor is installed inside the exhaust pipe, and an automatic valve that allows only gas to flow out and cannot flow in is installed.
  • ' - Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly of the car, the train height control wheel, the 'track and the casing.
  • the rails and wheels are designed on the side to reduce the cost of building the railway, reduce the resistance of the wheels to air during high-speed operation, and so on.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the car, the left and right steering control wheels, the track and the casing assembled. .
  • the steering wheel 11 enables the train to automatically steer.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the appearance of the train head, which is divided into two parts, the left side is the driving operation room, and the left side is the hollow cover frame.
  • the cover frame 13 has five faces, and the bottom face thereof is provided with an exhaust port according to certain requirements.
  • the purpose of the design is three, one is to reduce the flow of air from the gap between the front and the casing into the hollow cavity 10; the other is to prevent the air flowing into the cover frame 13 from being generated on the inner surface of the casing 1 when the train is moving at a high speed. Too much outward pressure, thereby reducing the cost of building the cover; third, letting the air flowing into the cover frame 13 not be collected, the air port is discharged, so that when the air is discharged from the bottom surface of the cover frame 13, the air pair The recoil force generated by the cover frame 13 is not concentrated in a certain portion, and the recoil force of the cover frame by the air becomes uniform.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the last compartment of the train.
  • the gap between the baffle 47 at the rear of the compartment and the casing 1 is also required to be as small as possible.
  • a door is also opened on the tailgate 17 of the carriage, which is called the tailgate 16.
  • the rail 2 is located inside the recess 12.
  • the train's power system uses electric locomotives or ordinary electric locomotives used in existing EMUs.
  • the train body is divided into three parts, that is, the front of the vehicle shown in Fig. 5, the compartment shown in Fig. 2, and the rear compartment of the train as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the three parts it is required that there should be no air gap between the cars. It is required that the groove 12 and the track 2 should be in agreement with each other, and the gap between the two should be as small as possible.
  • the hollow cover frame 13, the upper surface of the vehicle body, the train tailgate 17 and a part of the inner surface of the casing 1 are all enclosed by a hollow cavity 10, and the sealing effect of the hollow cavity 10 on the gas is greatly increased. it is good.
  • the air blower can be turned off and the tailgate can be opened. At this time, the train will remain suspended or swayed. There are two reasons. First, when the train is running at high speed, the front of the car is pushed to the bottom of the car. The hollow cavity 10 will not have enough air in a short time to flow in time. The hollow cavity 10 The internal air pressure is small, and in the low pressure region, the cabin 8 is suspended or nearly suspended. Since the suspension of the train is due to the low air pressure, the train is called a low-pressure suspension train.
  • the air pressure in the hollow cavity is to design an automatic control circuit, Wo! ] It is used to automatically control the working state of the air extractor to ensure that the air pressure in the hollow chamber 10 fluctuates and changes within a prescribed and permissible range, thereby ensuring that the train is subjected to the pressure of the air against it substantially at a level Fluctuations and changes within the prescribed, permissible range.
  • the surface of the noodle mouth has a scale of -1 ⁇ ⁇ , the two sides of the car and the rate of Jt ⁇ face gas rubbing P_ ⁇ W often J,, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 0, only the bottom of the train and the evening
  • the hornworm, 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 41 from the air, has the resistance to rubbing. Because of the train; 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 5 ⁇ ti ⁇ , the train; 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4J the frictional resistance from the road is of course very ⁇ / 0, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ train! ⁇ 7. It is less than the resistance of the maglev train under the same piece. (3)
  • the load of the train is not big. It is manifested in two aspects.
  • the load of each car is 3 ⁇ 4ij _g, when ⁇ X3 ⁇ 4 ISJ*l ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4£3 Shout 1, to ⁇ Large ⁇ Although 30%8, the floor area of the car floor 1 m 2 will be 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 41 3 ⁇ upwards of the big ⁇ ; ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 Instruction manual
  • the front of the car ⁇ The number of knots that can be towed by 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ is particularly large, because the main part of the 1 ⁇ 3 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 41 is the resistance of the front of the car, and the resistance of the rear part of the car is very small. Therefore, increase the column ⁇
  • the second option is to reduce the resistance from the road to the train (because the train is not very resistant to air), that is, keep the train floating or Quasi-suspended state.
  • the urban rail train in suspension or quasi-suspended state can be said to not require a large increase in costs. Since the train speed is not very large, the resistance of the two sides of the train from the air is not very large. In order to save the cost as much as possible, the casing shown in Fig. 1 is made into a plane, that is, the casing has only the top surface, On both sides, as long as the upper surface of the train body can be covered. This also makes it easier for the train to turn sharply.
  • the urban underground rail train can be designed and constructed according to the two schemes shown in Fig.12, Fig.13 or Fig.14 and Fig.15.
  • the trains shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 are called underground trains in the underground of the city; the trains shown in Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 are called urban shallow superficial trains.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the trains of the underground trains in the deep underground of the city
  • Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the trains, tracks and underground tunnels of the underground trains in the deep underground of the city.
  • the upper part of the compartment has a cavity 39, and the inside of the cavity is provided with a wheel 37 and a wheel axle 38, the wheel 37 runs on the track 2, the shroud 44 is attached to the outside of the cavity wall 45, is a rubber product, is elastic, and is designed to automatically change the height under the action of the elastic force, so that the air can be better. .
  • the air in the cavity 39 is first extracted by the air extractor to make the compartment 8
  • the combined force of the air pressure ⁇ F is basically equal to the gravity G of the cabin. In this way, the pressure between the train and the track will be very small, even 0, and the resistance of the Beckham car will be small, even 0.
  • the air pressure in the cavity 39 is always substantially constant. The power consumption of the air extractor during operation is not very large, and its energy consumption is much smaller than the energy saved due to train suspension.
  • the electric locomotive dedicated to the underground underground trains is used.
  • the electric locomotive is introduced as follows: In Figure 13, the two books in the lower part of the picture are the driving wheels, which are the wheels that generate power. It can be that the four wheels shown in the figure are the driving wheels).
  • the hydraulic system can be used to make the upper and lower four wheels in the picture simultaneously contact the respective tracks, which can be adjusted by the hydraulic system.
  • the amount of pressure between the wheel 37 and the track 2 is such that an arbitrarily sized power is obtained, and any size of braking force can be obtained according to the same principle. .
  • the urban underground deep track train system can be adjusted by the frictional resistance of the train from the road surface.
  • the power of the train can be adjusted arbitrarily, and the quality of the train itself can be maximized. Reduced.
  • the train power is constant, the average speed of the train will increase a lot; since the pressure between the wheel and the rail is minimized, the noise emitted by the collision between them will be greatly reduced. small. _
  • the power system of the underground train in the underground can also be used: 1 conventional electric locomotive; 2 air propeller, using air propeller to drive the air in front of the front of the vehicle head to the rear of the vehicle head to generate power, and at the same time take the air extracted by the air extractor Sprayed to the rear of the train to generate some power.
  • the underground railways in operation in the world have shortcomings: 1 Because the subway passages are often built on a relatively deep underground, which increases the construction cost of the subway; 2 because the subway passages are deep underground, it takes time for passengers to get on and off the train. At the same time, the construction cost of the small station is also very large; 3 The distance between the two small stations in the middle of the train is relatively large, which can not meet the needs of all passengers.
  • the hydraulic system principle can be adopted, so that the height-limiting wheel 4 and the load-bearing wheel 5 rotating in the figure can be closely attached to the track 2 at the same time, so that the power for advancing the train can be generated (can also be produced in the same way) Braking force, only the wheel can't rotate at this time). Due to the action of the guide wheel 11 and the guide wheel 48, the train can be sharply turned; since the train is suspended or quasi-suspended, it is subject to little frictional friction from the track, and the bellows can be frequently activated and braked.
  • the train first starts to draw a part of the air in the cavity 39 by the air extractor, so that the combined force F of the air pressure of the car 8 is substantially equal to the gravity G of the car. In this way, the pressure between the train and the track will be small, even 0, and the resistance to the train will be small, even 0.
  • a part of the air in the cavity 39 is continuously used by the air extractor, and the air pressure of the cavity 39 is always substantially constant.
  • the power consumption of the aspirator is not very high, and its energy consumption is much less than the energy consumption saved by train suspension.
  • the train can easily load passengers below the ground level of the street like a bus in the city, making it easy for passengers to get on and off the train, but the train will be unimpeded during operation and will not be subject to any Interference in factors. 4 urban shallow superficial light rails!]
  • the construction cost of the car system is much lower than that of the urban underground railway train system currently in operation. Because the ground can be constructed by digging the ground along the sidewalk along the sidewalk or along the green belt or along the car lane. Finally, a prefabricated panel can be placed over the excavated passage.
  • the power system of urban underground superficial light rail train can also be used: 1 conventional electric locomotive, 2 air propeller, air propeller is used to drive the air in front of the front of the vehicle head to the rear of the vehicle head to generate power, and the air extracted by the air extractor Sprayed to the rear of the train to generate some power.
  • Quasi-suspended quasi-high-speed train in question The low-pressure quasi-suspended quasi-high-speed train was introduced.
  • train speed of this grade is 00-350km/h
  • the problem of the train is not very prominent, but when the train of this grade The speed continues to increase. If it increases to about 500 km/h, the problem of the train at this time is very large.
  • the main performance is in two aspects. First, it is difficult for the front of the car to discharge the air in front. In this case, the resistance of the front of the car to the air will increase greatly. Second, the wear of the train's power wheels is very high. serious.
  • Bayi's book is to replace the power system of the low-pressure quasi-suspended quasi-high-speed train, that is, to replace the power device called the earth engine, so that when the train is moving at high speed, the front of the car is also willing to ⁇ More suspension or quasi-suspended operation;
  • the air in front of the train can be sucked away by the aspirator, and the air sucked by the aspirator can be used to generate power after being compressed.
  • the characteristics of the earth engine are: It is similar to an aviation jet engine, but the conversion efficiency of energy is far higher than that of an aviation jet engine. In addition, when the train runs at high speed, it does not make any contact with the fixture on the ground, but It must rely on the fixtures on the ground to generate tremendous power. Because the engine's huge power comes from the ground, it is called the earth engine.
  • the structure, principle and work process are as follows:
  • the principle of the earth engine a curved soft plastic water pipe that is spraying water in the horizontal direction.
  • the finger When the finger is used to block about 95% of the water outlet, the distance of the water spray will be greatly increased.
  • the water pipe is also Will quickly retreat to 'back. This shows that when the finger stops the outlet of the outlet pipe, the pressure of the water in the water pipe increases, and the pressure of the water received by the water pipe also increases greatly.
  • compressed air is ejected from the lance at a high speed
  • an object that is fixedly connected to the ground is also used to block the gas from being ejected in the lance, the recoil of the lance is greatly increased. increase. Since the lance is fixed on the train, the power of the Beckham will also increase dramatically.
  • the earth launch requires a cylinder cavity 24.
  • the cylinder cavity 24 has a "convex" cross-section, but the top of the "convex” is not closed.
  • the bottom surface of the cylinder cavity 24 is also provided with a baffle 26 which is rotatable about a fixed rotating shaft.
  • the baffle 26 is required to be lightweight, yet capable of withstanding tremendous pressure.
  • Below the baffle 26 is designed a hollow chamber 27 for containing a certain amount of air.
  • the design of the shape of the baffle 26 is such that it is such that the baffle 26 will flip upwards as long as it is slightly biased upward.
  • an intake pipe 18 having a rectangular cross section which is called a rectangular parallelepiped intake pipe, is mounted on the bottom of the train power car 8.
  • a gas injection pipe 21 is connected below the intake pipe 18, and the gas injection pipe 21 and the intake pipe 18 are perpendicular to each other (see also FIG. 9); the "jet pipe 21 and the intake pipe 18 are integrally connected and fixed to the bottom of the passenger compartment 8.
  • the lance tube 21 is all located inside the cylinder cavity 24, and the intake pipe 18 sends the compressed gas in the passenger compartment 8 to the inside of the lance 21 through the convex opening 23 of the cylinder.
  • the hatched portion next to the rectangular parallelepiped intake pipe 18 is a rectangular parallelepiped cover 22 which, like the intake pipe 18, is also mounted at the bottom of the vehicle body 8, and functions to block the cylinder.
  • the opening 23 allows the compressed gas in the cylinder cavity 24 to be less easily leaked to increase the power received by the large train.
  • the train is originally stationary at the position shown in Figure 9.
  • the electric compressor located inside the front of the vehicle starts, sucks in the air in front of the front and compresses the air.
  • the gas pressure is increased and the temperature is raised, and the compressed air is passed through the rectangular manifold 18 into the lance 21.
  • the compressed air is ejected from the lance 21, the train is subjected to forward movement.
  • the baffle 26-2 is subjected to the pressure of the air inside the hollow cavity 27 to be upwardly greater than the baffle 26-2.
  • baffle 26 automatically flips upward, blocking the ejection of high pressure gas from the lance 21, thereby maximizing the thrust of the train.
  • each of the baffles 26 is in a horizontal state without being affected by the gas ejected from the lance 21, and is kept as flat as the bottom surface of the inside of the cylinder.
  • baffles 26 Since the same railway should allow the train to travel in both directions, at the bottom of the cylinder 20, a further set of baffles 26 should be provided, the deflecting direction of which is exactly opposite to the deflecting direction of the baffle 26 in Fig. 9.
  • the jet plane is fast, but it consumes a lot of energy, and the energy utilization rate is very small. The reason is that the gas jet is sprayed out at the end of the aircraft and the temperature is also very high.
  • the book power device that is, the earth engine is working
  • the speed of the gas is almost zero after the gas is ejected, and the temperature is not high, so there is no great loss of kinetic energy and heat energy.
  • the power utilization of the power unit is extremely high, and the energy utilization of the motor is not far behind.
  • the engine of the low-pressure suspension train has a very low technical content and a very simple structure. It is an electric compressor, which makes it easy to manufacture, simple to maintain, easy to operate and environmentally friendly.
  • the disadvantage is that the cost of one-time construction of the cylinder is relatively high.
  • the main structure of the low-pressure quasi-suspended high-speed train The low-pressure quasi-suspended idle train is basically the same as the low-pressure quasi-suspended quasi-idle train that has been introduced above. There are three main differences: First, the low-pressure quasi-suspended rich train and the low-pressure quasi-suspended train: The ⁇ speed train has different shape and structure of the train head due to different power devices.
  • the low-pressure quasi-suspended rich-speed train is different from the casing used in the low-pressure quasi-suspended quasi-idle train.
  • the low-pressure quasi-suspended idle train is to suck all the air in front of the front of the vehicle without displacing the air inside the casing below the carriage. Therefore, in order to minimize the air resistance of the surface of the pneumatic high-speed train, the casing 1' is added in Fig. 4.
  • the width of the enclosure 1 ' is determined by the 3 ⁇ 4 degree of normal train travel. The greater the speed of the car, the greater the resultant resultant force of the car's air pressure, and the smaller the area of contact between the bottom of the car and the air below, the greater the width of the casing 1 '.
  • the biggest difference between the two types of trains is that the low-pressure quasi-suspended idle train has one more cylinder cavity than the low-pressure quasi-suspended quasi-high-speed train.
  • Low-pressure quasi-suspended idle train work 3 ⁇ 4 Cheng: first close the tailgate 16 at the rear of the compartment, open the air extractor, and draw a part of the air in the hollow chamber 10, so that the car is subjected to the upward pressure of the air. It is equal to the gravity of the train. The air compressor inside the train head is then turned on to generate high pressure gas. When high pressure gas is ejected from the lance 21, the train is subjected to a forward power. As the train moves forward, it continuously draws in 3 ⁇ 4 of the forward air and compresses the inhaled air into high-temperature, high-pressure compressed gas.
  • the air pressure quasi-suspended idle train uses the effect.
  • the resistance of the front from the front air is greatly reduced (this conclusion can be analyzed and reasoned).
  • the train will be more energy efficient at the same speed.
  • the entire train can be in suspension or quasi-suspended state, so the wear of the train due to friction will be reduced to a minimum. Because of the low wear, it also saves a lot of maintenance and repair costs.
  • the structure of the low-pressure fully suspended super-window speed train is basically the same as that of the low-pressure quasi-suspended idle train described above, that is, the low-pressure full-book suspension super-idle train is fully equipped with all the low-pressure quasi-suspended idle trains.
  • the structure, function, and size are the same. The difference is:
  • the low-pressure fully suspended super-idle train has a special compartment that is shorter than the other compartments - the guide compartment, which is used to control the height of the train as it advances and the direction of the left and right deflection.
  • the guiding carriage has two main air chambers and two small hollow chambers, that is, the guiding compartment top air chamber 31, the guiding compartment side air chamber 32 and the small hollow chamber 35.
  • a downward recoil force is generated, and the ejected gas temporarily stays in the guide compartment air chamber 31, and also exerts a downward pressure on the guide car 34, and the height of the guide car 34 is lowered, but does not decrease all the time. Since the height drops to a certain size, the gas pressure inside the pilot compartment air chamber 31 is greatly reduced, and the guide compartment 34 automatically rises again. Thus, the height of the guide car 34 is automatically maintained and is in a state of perfection.
  • the high-pressure gas is discharged from the air outlets 29, 30. Then, where is the discharged gas flowing? These gases must never flow into the hollow chamber 10, otherwise they will interfere with the load balance of the carriage 8.
  • two small hollow cavities 35 are specially designed, and an exhaust port 28 of the U.S. gas turbine is designed in the hollow cavity 35, and the exhaust port 28 has a large area, and the gas with a large gas pressure can be discharged in time.
  • Main work process First open the air compressor inside the train head to generate high pressure gas. After closing the tailgate 16 at the rear of the compartment, the air blower is turned on, and the air in the hollow chamber 10 is taken out, so that the train receives the resultant force of the air against it.
  • the carriage 8 will rise, causing the guide carriage 34 to rise, but will not rise all the time, and will eventually be in a suspended state.
  • the train is moved by the forward power book.
  • the aspirator When the train reaches a steady, normal driving speed, the aspirator can be automatically turned off and the tailgate 16 can be opened. At this time, the train can still maintain its original suspended state. At this time, the working state of the air extractor is controlled by the small air pressure in the hollow chamber 10.
  • the air extractor When the internal pressure of the hollow chamber 10 changes greatly beyond the prescribed range of changes, the air extractor automatically restarts or automatically closes. Basically, the air pressure in the hollow cavity 10 is constant, and finally the resultant force of the column rotating body subjected to the air pressure remains substantially unchanged.
  • the direction in which the train is moving (including the height) is to be changed slightly, it can be realized by the guided carriage 34 of the train under high-speed operation. If the direction of the train is going to change a lot, the train must be decelerated to below 500km/h, and the train's operation mode should be changed to convert the train from a fully suspended operating state to a quasi-suspended operating state. At this time, since the wheels of the train are in contact with the track, it becomes very easy to change the direction of movement of the train. '

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Description

悬浮列车
所属^ 领域
本发明涉及一种利用低气压让列车悬浮起来的悬浮列车
背景 当今的高速列车分为两类, 即轮轨列车和磁悬浮列车。 现在的轮轨列车由于受其本身条件的制约,速度不能太大,否则路面阻力、 空气阻力太大, 产生的各种噪声会很大, 由于摩擦而产生的各种磨损会很 大。 另外, 速度太大时, 还不利于列车的转弯等。
磁悬浮列车存在的缺点主要有以下几点: 一是技术要求高, 操作难度 大, 需要的条件很难满足, 造价特高; 二是能耗大, 要依靠电流来产生强 大的磁力把笨重车体支撑起来是需要很大电流的。 而电流大, 则消耗的电 能大 (尽管是超导体输电); 三是在稠密的大气层中, 磁悬浮列车的速度不 能太大,即不能超过 400km/h,否则因为能耗和噪声大到超标而难于被运输 部门和乘客所接受。
虽然有些国家提出要在不久的将来建造真空隧道磁悬浮时速万里的列 车, 但该种列车存在的缺点也会很多, 主要有: (1 )利用磁悬浮要消耗大 量的电能 ·,(2 )建造磁悬浮轨道时要消耗大量贵重的良导体,导致造价高-; (3)旅客上下车时因为有一个从常压到真空再到常压的过渡过程, 因为该 过程的技术操作严密而要耽误较长的时间, 因而这种列车不适合被选^ [短 距离交通运输工具; (4) 旅客在乘车的安全方面又增加了一个因为车厢漏 气所造成的危险因素; (5 ) 只要是利用磁悬浮原理, 就绝对不能消除强磁 场对人体可能产生的影响; (6 ) 列车装载的物体重量绝对不会很大, 不会 满足货物列车的需要。
另外, 现有的城市地下铁路和城市高架轻轨铁路存在列车启动加速度 小、正常运行速度小的问题;在能耗方面,列车能量的利用率还不是最大, 还可以进一步降低能耗, 提高能量的利用率。
发明内容:
发明目的:列车在高速i驶时,让列车对轨道的 力尽量减小到最小, 从而让列车受到来自轨道的摩擦阻力也减小到最小; 让列车侧面和上表面 受到来自空气的阻力尽量减小到最小; 让列车的载重量大幅度地得到增 加; 让列车能够高速度急转弯; 让高速列车的安全稳定系数大幅度地得到 提高; 让高速列车的维护修理费用能够减小到最小; 让高速列车的铁路建 造技术和运行操作技术含量及建造成本能够降到最低极限; 让城市轨道交 明 书 通车辆的运行平均速度在不增加能耗的前提下得到较大的提高。
方惠和特点
根据实际需要' 低气压悬浮列车要分成四个档次, 艮 P: a列车正常行驶速 度设计为 80- 120km/h的低气压准悬浮常速列车(特指城市轨道列车); b列车 正常行驶速度设计为 200-350km/h的低气压准 ^悬浮准高速列车; c列车正常行 驶速度设计为 350-500km/h的低气压准悬浮高速列车; d列车正常行驶速度设 计为 500- 800km/h的低气压完全悬浮超高速列车。每个档次的低气压悬浮列车 系统又可以分成三大系统, 即悬浮系统、 控制系统(包括导向和制动)和动力 系统等。 .
(一)悬浮系统的主要组成部分和悬浮原理如下: -
(1)组成部分: 每种低气压悬浮列车的悬浮系统都由三大主要部分组成: 即罩壳(静止在轨道上方)、 列车车体外表面的一部分及抽气系统等。
(2)悬浮原理: 以正常行驶速度设计为 200- 350km/h的低气压准悬浮准高 速列车为例, 艮 p:让列车轨道悬空, 让车体下施 30-300cm高的空间。再在列 车所用的轨道上方建造拱桥形状的罩壳, 罩壳有两个侧面和顶面, 没有底面, 罩壳长度与錯九道长度一样长。
又把列车车头做高一点,高度比列车车头后部的车厢要高 10-100cm。这样, 当列车在罩壳内运动时, 列车的部分外表面与静止的罩壳的内表面的一部分就 围成一个接近封闭的空心腔, 该空心腔在靠近列车尾部是开口的。 当列车在罩 壳内高速前进时, 车头把前方的空气排挤到车厢的下方去了 (或者是车头把前 方空气的一部分吸入压缩成高压气体用来产生动力), 则车头后方的空心腔在很 短的时间内为低气压区域, 车厢上表面受到空心腔内空气压强要小于下表面受 到的空气压强, 列车车体就会受到空气压力的一个合力, 合力方向是向上的, 当这个合力 F的大小等于或接近列车重力 G时, 列车就 ¾浮起来或接近悬浮 状态。 列车在完^ :浮或接近完^ 1浮状态运行时都为正常运行。
(3)其他档次的悬浮列车的悬浮原理与准悬浮准高速列车的 :浮原理基 本相似。 所不同的是对于正常行 ¾速度设计为 80- 120km/h的准悬浮常速列车 来说, 由于该档次的列车车速较小, 则车头与后面车厢高度要设计成一样高, 列车轨道上所修建的罩壳也有点不同, 此时的罩壳实际上就是一个位于轨道上 方的平面, 罩壳只罩住列车车体的上表面即可。 列车的悬浮是完全依靠抽气机 不停地把空心腔内空气抽走一部分, 从而使空心腔内形成低气压, 车厢就 浮起来。 且列车在完^ ¾浮或接近完^ 1浮状态运行时都为正常运行。 (二)其他方面的主要技术方案是:
( 1 )本发明把轮轨列车和悬浮列车相结合, 使列车能够和应该完^ ¾浮就 完全悬浮, 不能够和不应该完全悬浮就以接近完全悬浮的方式运行, 列车在完 浮或接近完全悬浮(即准悬浮) 的状态下, 都能够正常行驶。 这样, 列车 的动力系统和导向系统就能够很容易地解决了。
(2)对于用在城市地下深处轨道交通的低气压准悬浮常速列车来说, 其 动力系统采用普通的电力机车。 为了便于控制列车的高度, 在列车的底部和顶 部都设计安装了车轮, 因而, 列车说所用的轨道也有两套, 一套在列车的下方, 另一套在列车的上方, 列车在正常运行时, 是同时沿着这两套轨道前进的。
(3)对于正常行驶速度设计为 80- 500km/h的低气压准悬浮列车(不包括 用在城市地下深处轨道交通的低气压准悬浮常书速列车)来说, 如果列车转弯频 繁, 且又需要转急弯(如城市地下浅表轻轨列车和高架轻轨列车及需要急转弯 的高速列车), 贝 1J必须把列车的轨道和车轮安装在车体的两侧和顶面。
(3)对于正常行驶速度设计为 500- 800km/h的完全悬浮超高速列车的导 向系统来说, 在列车的车厢中有一部分的车厢是专门用来导向的, 导向车厢中 有两种气室, 用来调节列车的高度和左右偏转方向。 设计时要求气室中能够有 高压气体喷出。 高压气体喷出时舍对车体产生两种力, 利用这两种力来调节车 体的受力, 从而达到导向的效果。 这两种力是: 一是当高压气体从车体中喷出 时会对车体产生一种反冲力; 二是喷出的高压气体停留在气室中时, 又会对车 体产生一种压力。
(4)对于正常行 度设计为 350- 800km/h的准悬浮髙速和完^ 1浮超 高速列车来说, 轨道上的罩壳要把列车的上表面和两个侧面以及列车的下表面 的一部分罩住, 这样, 可以最大限度地减小列车表面受到的来自空气的阻力。
(5)对于正常行驶速度设计为 350-800km/h的准悬浮高速和完 浮超 高速列车来说, 其动力系统要采用航空发动机原理, 最好釆用一种专用的发动 机叫大地发动机。 大地发动机的主要组成部分有: 汽缸、 喷气管和挡气板等。 汽缸是固定在铁路的路面上, 与列车所用轨道长度相等, 汽缸中有挡气板, 能 够自动挡住气体通过。 当固定在列车上的喷气管在汽缸中向列车前进方向的反 方向喷出高压气体时,汽缸中的挡气板就会自动挡住喷气管中高压气体的喷出, 从而喷气管受到的高压气体喷出时对它产生的反冲力就会达到最大限度, 高压 气体的能量的禾 [J用率也 到极限值。
本发明的优 与现有的动车组列车相比较, 低气压准悬浮列车 具有的优点有: 在功率一定时, 车速能够更快、 能耗更小、 窗高速急转弯、 载 重量特别大、 维护和修理费用会极低、 安全稳定系数特别高。 与磁悬浮列车相 比较, 低气压完^:浮列车除了具备以上优点以外, 还同时具备了以下几个优 点, 就是: 技术含量 常低, 操作非常简单; 不会消耗大量的贵重的良导体、 超导体材料; 使列车悬浮起来不必要额外消耗任何能量 ( 牛是列车车速要达到 —定的大小); 没有什么强磁场对人体可能产生的什么影响等等。 另外, 列车的 安全稳定系数特别高等等。
本发明的 范围说
-适用于: ①城市地下深处轨道列车(即现在正在营运的城市地铁, 它 位于地面以下深度较大,路线较直,轨道走向与所处的街道路线走向没有 联系); ②城市地下浅表轻轨列车(一种新列书车, 即列车所用的通道就在城 市街面的人行道、汽车道 大街两旁的绿化带以下约五十厘米深处,轨道 路线走向与所处的街道路线走向几乎完全重合。它的建造成本低、旅客上 下车的站点可以以很低的造价多设立一些, 旅客上下车非常方便等); ③ 城市高架轻轨列车; '④中程距离的城际列车、长距离的 S际列车以及超长 距离的洲际列车;⑤既适合于旅客乘坐的客运列车,更适合于用来装载超 大重量的货物列车。如适合于装载各种 \矿产资源、工农业生产中的各种原 材料和产品的列车。 但物体的个体体积因为超规格而装不进者例外。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的轨道和轨道上方荤壳结构示意图;图 2是本发明的一种车厢 结构示意图; 图 3是本发明的一个实施例示意图; 图 4是本发明的一个实施例示 意图; 图 5是本发明的列车车头和列车驾驶室外观结构示意图; 图 6是本发明的 一种列车尾部最后一节车厢结构示意图; 图 7是本发明的一个实施例示意图; 图 8是本发明的一个实施例示意图; 图 9是本发明的一个实施例示意图; 图 10 是本发明的一个实施例示意图; 图 11是本发明的一种导向车厢外观结构示意 图; 图 12是本发明的一种城市地下深处轨道列车的车厢结构 意图; 图 13是本 发明的一种实施例示意图;图 14是本发明的一种城市地下浅表轻轨列车的实施 例示意图; 图 15是本发明的一种城市地下浅表轻轨列车的实施例示意图。
注:图 3和图 4是同一种列车两个不同部位的纖面示意图; 图 7与图 8是同 一种列车两个不同部位的横截面示意图;图 14与图 15是同一种列车两个不同部 位的横截面示意图。
图中各数字分别表示: (或 1 ' ) ·罩壳, 2.轨道, 3.立柱, 4.限高车轮, 5.承重车轮, 6.车厢底座, 7.排气孔(抽气孔), 8.列车车厢(车体), 9.地面, 10.空心腔, 11.列车转向轮(或导向轮), 12.轨道凹槽, 13.车头空心罩框, 14. 列车驾驶室, 15.空心罩 βΞ右两侧面的连接板, 16.车尾门, 17.车尾挡板, 18. 长方体形输气管道, 19.汽缸细颈, 20·汽缸壁(或汽缸), 21.喷气管, 22.长方 体形盖体, 23.汽缸开口, 24.汽缸空腔, 25.汽缸细颈上端面, 26.挡板, 27.挡 板下方的空心腔, 28.排气口, 29.导向车厢侧面气室中的出气孔, 30. 导向车 厢顶部气室中的出气孔, 31.导向车厢顶部气室, 32.导向车厢侧面气室, 33.堵 气板, 34.导向车厢, 35.小空心腔, 36.车窗, 37.车轮, 38.车轮轴, 39.车厢 顶部空腔, 40.轨道支撑架, 41.地下隧道侧壁, 42.隧道底面, 43.隧道顶面, 44.围板, 45.-车厢顶部空腔侧面, 46.顶部轨道, 47.支柱, 48.导向轮, 49.车 轮轴, 50.空气通道, 51.空气通道, 52.空气通道。
注: ①图 4中用虚线画出的部分 (1 ' )是罩壳 1上面增加的部分, 3¾种罩 壳只适用于高速和超高速列车使用;②在图 .10中, 由于导向车厢的存在, 空心 腔 10被导向车厢 34分成了若干部分,每一部分应该要用较粗的空心管连通,在 图中没有画出用来连通的空心管。
具"^ ^^式
(一) 低^ ¾^¾浮>¾^2¾3¾车简介
主要构造: 低气压^ ¾浮¾3^速列车车头和车厢在形状上与现有的高速 轮轨列车基本上相同, 所用的轨道也基本相同。 所不同的是轨道要悬空, 车厢 底部要有一定的空间, 离地面; ¾ 1. 2m以上; 还要在轨道上方修建罩壳。 见图 1 至图 6.图 1是轨道 2、 罩壳 1的结构示意图, 即两条轨道要悬空, 且固定在罩 壳 1的两个侧面上。轨道 2悬空、车厢底部离地面有一定高度, 其目的有二, 一是便于车头能够及时地把车头前方的空气排挤到列车的底部去; 二是当列车 高速运行时, 會 使车厢下方的空气压强基本保持不变。
图 2是车厢的外观结构示意图。 限高车轮 和承重车轮 5安装在车厢的侧 面,两者高度不同。车厢底座 6比车厢 8要宽, 在餅允许时,车厢 8与底座 6 比较, 要尽可能地小, 底座 6的厚度要尽量做大一些, 以便更好地 E±空气进 入空心腔 10内。
车厢 8上部幵有排气孔 7,该排气孔通过一排气管道,与车体下方的大气相 连 31。排气管的末端开口方向必须指向列车前进方向的反方向, 以便空心腔 10 内气体更好地自动排出 ( 是列车要高速前进)。在排气管里面装有抽气机, 还装上一个只允许气体流出来而不能流进去的自动阀门。 ' - . 图 3为车厢、 列车高度控制用车轮、'轨道和罩壳组装起来的横截面结构示 意图。 把轨道和车轮设计在侧面, 是为了降低建造铁路成本, 减小车轮在高速 运转时受到空气的阻力等等。 车厢底座 6与罩壳 1之间的空隙要尽可能地小, 夕卜部空气就不易 «空心腔 10.图 4为车厢、列车左右转向控制用车轮、轨道和 罩壳组装起来的橫截面结构示意图。转向轮 11能够让列车自动转向。 图 5为列 车头的外观结构示意图, 分为左右两部分, 右边为驾驶操作室, 左边为空心罩 框。 罩框 13有五个面, 其中的底面上要按照一定的要求开有排气口。在列车高 速前进时, 车头前方的空气, 从罩说框 13的前边流进, 从罩框 13的底边排气口 流出。这样设计目的有三, 一是能够减少空气从车头与罩壳之间的空隙流进空 心腔 10;二是当列车高速前进时,不要让流进罩框 13的空气对罩壳 1的内表面 产生太大的向外的压力, 从而降低建造罩壳的书成本; 三是让流进罩框 13的空气 不要集 —个,气口排出, 这样, 当空气从罩框 13的底面排出时, 空气对 罩框 13产生的反冲力就不会集中在某一个部位, 罩框受到空气的反冲力就会变 得均匀一些。 >空心罩框 13与轨道上罩壳 1之间的空隙要尽量地小, 夕卜部空气就 · 不易^ ¾空心腔 10.图 6为列车最后一节车厢的夕卜观结构示意图。车厢尾部的挡 板 47与罩壳 1之间的空隙也要求是越小越好。在车厢尾部挡板 17上还开有一 扇门, 取名为车尾门 16, 列车正常行驶时, 轨道 2要位于凹槽 12的内部。
工作过程和原理
列车的动力系统采用已有的动车组所用电力机车或普通的电力机车。
列车车体分三部分, 即如图 5所示的车头、 如图 2所示的车厢、 如图 6所 示的列车尾部车厢。 把三部分连接时, 要求车厢之间不能有漏气的缝隙, 要求 凹槽 12与轨道 2要相互吻合起来, 两者之间空隙要越小越好。 另外, 让空心罩 框 13、车体的上表面、列车车尾挡板 17和罩壳 1的内表面的一部分等四部分共 同围成一个空心腔 10, 空心腔 10对气体的密封性能题大越好。
静态悬浮问题列车启动时, 先把车尾门 16关闭,再开启抽气机,让抽气 机把空心腔 10内空气抽出一部分,使其中的气压减小到规定的值 P,则车厢 8受 到底部空气对它产生的向上的压强,会大于空心腔 10内 气对它产生的向下的 压强, 车厢 8会受到一个向上的空气压力的合力 F,当这^力 F的大小等于或 接近车厢的重力 G时, 列车就会处在完^ ¾浮或接近完^ ¾浮的状态, '即准悬 浮状态。 "
列车在完^ t浮状态或接近完 浮状态时,车厢 8对轨道 2的压力会为 0 或很小, 这时, 列车启动时非动力车厢受到的来自路面的摩擦阻力为 0或很小, 整个列车会很容易启动(注: 动力车厢与轨道之间的压力只能减小到一定的大 小, 否则车轮会在原地打滑)。
动态悬浮问题当列车速度增大到正常设计的运行速度时,就可以关闭抽气 机、 打开车尾门 16, 此时, 列车照样会保持悬浮或 ί魏悬判犬态运行。 原因有 二, 一是列车在高速运行时, 车头把前方空气排挤到车厢的底部去了, 则空心 腔 10在短时间内不会有足够多的空气會够及时地流过来填充, 空心腔 10内空 气压强是很小的, 为低气压区域, 车厢 8就会悬浮或者接近悬浮状态。 由于列 车的悬浮是由于有低气压而产生说的, 故把这种列车称为低气压悬浮列车。 二是 当列车在高速运行时, 假设空心腔 10内的空气压强等于外部的大气压强, 根据 流体压强与流速的关系, 空心腔 10内的气体有一部分会自动地从图 2中的排气 孔 7排出, 这样, 空心腔 10的气压会自动减书小, 从而列车会受到向上的压力而 悬浮起来。 总之, 列车速度越大, 空心腔 10内空气的压强就^!小, 列车就越 容易悬浮起来。
实际上,列车在运行时,单纯地依靠列车的车速大小来调节空心腔 10内空 气压强大小, 从而使列车始终处在悬浮或接近悬浮状态的效果是不理想的, 还 必须借助其它方式来调节空心腔内空气压强大小, 即要设计一个自动控制电路, 禾!]用它去自动控制抽气机的工作状态, 以便保证空心腔 10内的空气压强在一个 规定的、 允许的范围内波动和变化, 从而保证列车受到空气对它向上的压力大 小基本上在一个规定的、 允许的范围内波动和变化。
個效果:由上面的分析可得, 低 ^ 浮¾3§^!1^现有的磁悬浮 列车相比, (1 )节能。 在使高速运动的低气压准 浮¾^¾ ^车悬浮起来时, ¾3里仑 J^J¾不霜 ·¾·¾^卜消耗任何 «½。 因为, 只要车头 速运动, ^JA - 前方的≤:气, 则^ Γ后方的 就自然会 氐^ J£区域, 列车自然会! ¾¾J一 个向上的 ^的合力而悬 5 。 (2 ) 列车 ¾¾J的 ^将; R^PR^地银到减 当歹 1 中 1^¾ί¾¾ί 5¾¾浮的方 S^T5¾¾ 5"Bd", 由于列车的两个
ΤΗϋ面 口 表面殳有与 -1^·大^ ί 角虫, 车的两个侧面和 Jt^面 气的率 擦 P_§^W 常 J、, 妾¾^ 0, 只有列车的底面与夕 大 妾角虫, ¾¾1来自空 " 的享 擦阻力。 由于列车; ¾¾ 5^ti妾 芋的, 列车; ¾¾J来自路面的摩擦阻力当然是 非常 ^^^/ 0, ·¾ι^个列车 !的 ^«^7的 。要 小于同^^件下的磁 悬浮列车的所 ¾¾1的阻力。 (3 ) 列车的载重 别大。 表现在两个方面, 一是 每一节车厢的载重 ¾ij _g大, 当把^ x¾ ISJ*l空¾£3 喊 1、到^^ 大^ 虽 的 30%8 , 则车厢底板 1 m2面积会 ¾¾1 3 ^向上的大 ^的合力; ^¾ 说 明 书
^ 车头: ^够拖 ¾ ^车麻的节数特另 ϋ大, 因为该歹]1车¾¾1的 主要是车头受 到 气的阻力, 而^ ^后部的车厢 ¾¾j空气的阻力是很小的, 故增加列^^厢
■ψ^ ^-^ ^¾^½要±曾力口 ί艮大的 ¾^?>0 : έ口 利用^中歹 11^^¾¾货物, 则 ¾^ ^J
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力口' I 货物 35L¾、 降 T¾¾ 输成本^^, 1¾H!i¾ ¾JE^ ¾人 f门: ¾够;*^?主往 3 常 ^¾1¾的±»村 (岛 A与地区与 大, 不怕突遇停电、 不怕
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导向^ ^制动 由于低 ^¾;^¾浮¾3§!^¾^^«7^¾:与¾/ 5¾^妾 角虫的, 因而该列车的导;^和制动 >51题都很简单, 可 A^JU^照 的富; &轨 歹 u车 (如现 营的动车^ υ车)
Figure imgf000010_0003
(二)低气压准悬浮常速列车简介(主要^ ¾市轨道列车) 存在问题: 现在城市轨道列车(包括地铁和高架轻轨列车)存在这样的问 题: 由于列车的启动和制动变化频繁, 导致列车在整个过程中的平均速度不是 很大。 ·
解决方案提高城市轨道列车的平均速度有两种方法, 一是加大发动机的 功率, 从而增大列车启动时的加速度, 二是保持原有的发动机的功率不变, 减 小列车受到的阻力, 从而也肯^)多增大列车启动时候的加速度, 缩短列车达到正 常行驶速度所用的时间, 提高列车的平均速度。 从长远的角度和从节约能源、 减少肯耗的角度来考虑, 还是采用第二个方案, 就是减少列车受到的来自路面 的阻力 (因为列车受到空气阻力不是很大), 即让列车保持悬浮或准悬浮状态。
使城市轨道列车保持悬浮或准悬浮状态可以说不需要增加很大的费用。 由 于列车速度不是很大,故列车的两个侧面受到来自空气的阻力不是很大, 为了尽 可能节省聽成本, 把图 1所示的罩壳做成一个平面, 即罩壳只有顶面, 没有 两个侧面, 只要能够把列车车体的上表面罩住即可。 这样还能够便于列车转急 弯。根据低气压准悬浮常速列车的特点, 则城市地下轨道列车可以根据实际需. 要按照图 .12、 图 13或图 14、 图 15所示的两种方案去设计和修建。把图 12、 图 13所示方案的列车叫城市地下深处轨道列车;把图 14、图 15所示方案的列车 叫城市地下浅表轻轨列车。
(1)城市地下深处轨道列车简介: 图 12是城市地下深处轨道列车的车 厢外观结构示意图, 图 13是城市地下深处轨道列车的车厢、 轨道和地下隧道 的横截面示意图。 车厢上部有空腔 39, 空腔内部装有车轮 37和车轮轴 38, 车轮 37在轨道 2上运行, 围板 44附属在空腔壁 45的外部, 为橡胶制品,有弹性, 在弹 力作用下, 设计它能够自动变化高度, 这样能够更好地 lh空气 ί«空腔 39。 空腔 39对气体的密封性能是越高越好 (它是决定节能效果的最重要的环节) . 工作过程列车在启动时,先用抽气机把空腔 39 内的空气抽出一部分, 使 车厢 8受到空气压力的合力 · F的大小基本上等于车厢的重力 G即可。这样列车 与轨道之间的压力就会很小, 甚至为 0, 贝咧车前进时受到的阻力也会很小,甚 至为 0。 列车在整^ ¾行过程中 (包括在中途车站停车), 利用抽气机来抽出空 腔 39中空气时, 空腔 39中空气说压强始终要大体上保持不变。而抽气机工作时 的能耗功率不会很大的, 它的能耗要远远小于因为列车悬浮而节省的能耗。
-列车的动力系统:采用城市地下深处轨道列车专用的电力机车,这种电力 机车介绍如下: 在图 13中, 设图中下方的两书个车轮是主动轮, 是产生动力的车 轮(也可以是图中所示四个车轮都是主动轮)。 当不需要产生动力时, 动力车轮 与轨道之间没有压力, 如需要产生动力时, 可以采用液压系统使图中的上、 下 四个车轮分别同时与各自的轨道接触, 通过液压系统可以任意调节车轮 37与轨 道 2之间的压力大小, 从而获得任意大小的动力, 按照同样原理也可以获得任 意大小的制动力。 . .
棚效果: 按照上述要求去设计的城市地下深处轨道列车系统, 则列车受 到来自路面的摩擦阻力大小可以任意调节, 列车受到的动力大小也能够任意调 节, 列车本身的质量也能够最大限度地得以减轻。 这样, 在列车功率一定时, 列车的平均速度会增大很多; 由于车轮与铁轨之间的压力得到了最大限度地减 小, 故由于它们之间的相互碰撞而发出的噪声也会大为减小。 _
注: 城市地下深处轨道列车的动力系统也可以采用: ①常规电力机车; ②空气螺旋桨, 利用空气螺旋桨把车头前方的空气打到车头后方去用以产生动 力, 同时把抽气机抽出的空气喷到列车的后方去用以产生一部分动力。
(2)城市地下浅表轻轨列车简介:
世界上正在运营的城市地下铁路存在缺点:①由于地铁通道往往是修建 在相当深的地下, 这样增加了地铁的建造成本; ②由于地铁通道在很深的地下, 故乘客上、 下车时费时费力, 同时导致中途小车站的建设费用也很大; ③列车 中途两个小车站间的距离相隔较大, 不能很好地满足所有乘客的需要。
城市地下浅表轻轨列车主要的设计思路: 沿着城市麵的走向, 在人行 道或绿化带或汽车车道以下五十厘米深处开挖城市地下轻轨列车所用的通道, 然后按照图 14和图 15的结构示意图去建造轨道和建造列车车体。 在图 14中, 假设图中所示车厢为动力所在的车厢, 即假设图中限高车轮 和承重车轮 5还 同时兼备了动力车轮的作用。 当需要动力车轮产生动力时, 可以采用液压系统 原理, 让图中转动的限高车轮 4和承重车轮 5同时紧贴轨道 2,这样,就能够产 生使列车前进的动力 (按照同样方法也能够产生制动力, 只是此时的车轮不能 转动)。 由于导向轮 11和导向轮 48的作用, 贝 ij这种列车能够急转弯; 由于列车 是悬浮或准悬浮的, 它受到来自轨道的摩擦阻力会很小, 贝咧车能够频繁地启 动和刹车。
工作过程列车在启动时,先说用抽气机把空腔 39 内的空气抽出一部分, 使 车厢 8受到空气压力的合力 F的大小基本上等于车厢的重力 G即可。 这样列车 · 与轨道之间的压力就会很小,甚至为 0, 则列车前进时受到的阻力也会很小, 甚 至为 0。 列车在整^ ¾行过程中 (包括在中途书车站停车), 要利用抽气机不停地 出空腔 39中的一部分空气, 空腔 39中空气压强始终要大体上保持不变。 而 抽气机工作时的能耗功率不会很大的, 它的能耗要远远小于因为列车悬浮而节 省的能耗。
侧效果: ①按照上述要求去设计的城市地下浅表轻轨列车系统, 则列 车受到来自路面的摩擦阻力的大小可以任意调节, 列车受到的动力大小也能够 - 任意调节, 列车本身的质量也能够得到最大限度地减小。 这样, 在列车功率一 定时, 列车的平均速度会增大很多。②由于车轮与铁轨之间的压力得到了最大 限度地减小, 故由于它们之间的相互 ί避童而发出的噪声也会大为减小。 ③由于 城市地下浅表轻轨列车能够悬浮或接近悬浮,因而前进时摩擦力小,启动加速 度就会很大, 因而在运行中途可以频繁制动和启动; 又因为该列车侧面和顶面 装有转向轮, 故能够灵活地急转弯。 因此, 该列车能够像城市中的公共汽车那 样, 在大街的地面以下非常方便地装载乘客, 让乘客很方便地上车和下车, 但 列车在运行过程中, 又会畅通无阻, 不会受到任何因素的干涉。 ④城市地下浅 表轻轨歹!]车系统建造成本要远远低于现在正在运营的城巿地下轨道列车系统 的。 因为只要在大街上沿着人行道或沿着绿化带或沿着汽车车道, 把地面挖开 即可建造, 最后, 在挖开的通道上面铺设预制板即可。
注: 城市地下浅表轻轨列车的动力系统也可以采用: ①常规电力机车, ②空气螺旋桨, 利用空气螺旋桨把车头前方的空气打到车头后方去用以产生动 力, 同时把抽气机抽出的空气喷到列车的后方去用以产生一部分动力。
(3)城市高架轻轨列车系统简介:可以完全仿照城市地下浅表轻轨列 车系统来操作,主要不同的是,城市地下浅表轻轨列车系统是修建在大街上的 人 fi¾或绿化带或汽车车道以下,而城市高架轻轨列车系统,是修建在 封上 的人 fi¾或绿化带或汽车车道以上。
(三) 低气压准悬浮髙速列车简介
准悬浮准高速列转在问题:前面介绍了低气压准悬浮准高速列车, 当 该档次的列车速度在 00-350km/h吋, 该列车存在的问题不是很突出, 但是, 当该档次的列车速度继续增大, 如增大到 500km/h左右时, 则此时的列车存在 的问题就很大了。 主要表现在两说个方面, 一是车头很难及时地把前方的空气排 开, 这时, 车头受到空气的阻力会大幅度地增加; 二是列车的动力车轮因为摩 擦而导致的磨损现象非常严重。
解决方案: 要克服上述两 点, 贝 I识书要更换低气压准悬浮准高速列车 的动力系统即可,即换上一种叫大地发动机的动力装置,使列车在高速前进时, 车头也肯^多保持悬浮或者准悬浮状态运行; 另外, 用吸气机把位于列车前方的 来不及排走的空气吸走, 把吸气机吸走的空气经过压缩后又可以用来产生动力。
大地发动机的特点是: 它类似于航空喷气发动机,但能量的转化效率又远 远地高于航空喷气发动机; 另外, 列车在高速运行时, 不会与地面上的固定物 发生任何接触, 但又必须依靠地面上的固定物才能产生巨大的动力。 因为该发 动机的巨大的动力来源于地面, 故取名为大地发动机。其构造、 原理和工作过 程简介如下:
大地发动机原理:一根弯曲的正在向水平方向喷出水流的软塑料水管, 当 用手指挡住出水口的 95 %左右的面积时,水喷出的距离会大幅度地增大,同时, 水管也会迅速向'后退缩。 这说明手指拦住出水管出水口时, 水管中水的压强大 幅度增加了, 水管受到的水的压力也大幅度地增大。 同样道理, 当压縮空气从 喷气管高速喷出时, 如果也用一个与地面是固定连接的物体来阻碍喷气管内气 体的喷出, 则喷气管受到喷出气体的反冲力就会大幅度地增加。 由于喷气管是 固定在列车上的, 贝咧车受到的动力也会大幅度地增加。
大地发动机构造及各部分的作用: 见图 7、 图 8、 图 9。大地发动 要 有一个汽缸空腔 24,在图 8中,汽缸空腔 24的横截面像一个"凸"字形,但"凸" 字的顶端没有封闭。在图 9中, 汽缸空腔 24的底面上还设计有能够绕固定转轴 转动的挡板 26。 要求挡板 26很轻巧, 但又能够承受巨大的压力。挡板 26的下 方设计有一个空心腔 27,用来容纳一定量的空气。对挡板 26形状的设计要求满 足这样的 牛,就是挡板 26只要稍微受到一个向上翻转的力,它就会向上翻转。 在图 7中, 列车动力车厢 8底部安装了一个横截面为长方形的进气管 18, 称为长方体形进气管。 进气管 18的下方又连接一个喷气管 21, 喷气管 21与进 气管 18相互垂直, (同时参看图 9); '喷气管 21、 进气管 18连成一个整体, 固 定在车厢 8的底部。喷气管 21全部位于汽缸空腔 24的内部, 进气管 18是通过 汽缸的凸形开口 23把车厢 8内的压缩气体送到喷气管 21内部的。 在图 9中, 紧挨着长方体形进气管 18的画斜线部分为长方体形盖体 22,与进气管 18—样, 也是安装在车体 8的底部,其作用是用来堵住汽缸的开口 23,让汽缸空腔 24内 的压缩气体不容易泄露出来, 以增说大列车所受到的动力。
大地发动机工作过程:如图 9所示,设列车原来是静止在图 9中所示位置, 当列车启动时, 位于车头内部的电动压缩机开动, 吸入车头前方的空气并 ί巴这 些空气压缩, 使气体压强增大、 温度升高, 再书让这些压缩空气通过长方体形进 气管 18流进喷气管 21.当压缩空气从喷气管 21喷出时,列车就会受到向前的动„ 力。 当喷出的空气从挡板 26-2的上方高速流过时, 根据流体压强与流速的关系 可得, 挡板 26-2受到空心腔 27内部空气对它向上的压强要大于挡板 26-2上方 空气对它向下的压强, 挡板 26- 2就会绕着它的转轴向上翻转, 从而挡住喷气管 21 内高压气体的喷出, 此时, 列车受到喷出的空气对它产生的向左的压力就会 大幅度地增大。
.在图 9中, 当长方体形盖体 22随列车向左边运动刚刚通过图 9中挡板 26-2时,则挡板 26-2左边汽缸内的高压气体就幵始泄漏了,汽缸内气压会 快速减小。 在设计时, 要求此时的喷气管 21的管口刚刚通过挡板 26-3的 上方。 同理, 此时挡板 26-3也会自动向上翻转, 堵住喷气管 21内的气体 喷出。
这样, 每当喷气管 21的管口从一个挡板 26的上方通过时, 挡板 26就 会自动向上翻转, 堵住喷气管 21 内的高压气体的喷出, 从而使列车获得 最大限度的推力。
.在图 9中, 各个挡板 26在没有受到喷气管 21喷出气体的影响时, 都 应.该是处在水平状态, 且与汽缸内部的底面保持一样的平整。
由于同一条铁道应该允许列车能够双向行驶, 故在汽缸 20 的底部, 应该还要设置另 组挡板 26, 该组挡板 26的偏转方向与图 9中挡板 26 的偏转方向要完全相反。
"喷气式飞机虽然速度快, 但能耗大, 能量的利用率很小, 原因是, 气 体 Α飞机尾部喷出 ^寸速度很快, 温度也很高。 而 *气压悬浮列车专用的动 说 明 书 力装置即大地发动机在工作时, 气体喷出后速度几乎为 0, 温度也不会很 高, 也就没有很大的动能和热能的损失。 故相比之下, 该动力装置的能量 利用率是极高的, 与电动机的能量利用率不会相差很远。
大地发动机优点、 缺点 低气压悬浮列车专用的发动机技术含量非常 低、 结构非常简单, 就是一台电动压缩机, 因而制造容易、 维修简单、 操作 方便且环保等等。 缺点是一次性投入建造汽缸的成本费用较高 低气压准悬浮高速列车主要构造: 低气压准悬浮髙速列车与上面 已经介绍了的低气压准悬浮准髙速列车的构造基本相同。 不同之处主要 有三点: 一是低气压准悬浮富速列车与低气压准悬浮准: ϋτ速列车因为动 力装置不同,而导致列车车头形状和构造也不同。二是低气压准悬浮富速 列车与低气压准 _悬浮准髙速列车所使用的罩壳也有一点不同,在图 4中, 低气压准悬浮准高速列车的车厢下方没有罩壳 1 ' ,否则, 罩壳里面的空 气不容易被车头及时地排挤到车厢的下方。 而低气压准悬浮髙速列车是 要把车头前方的空气全部吸进去, 不需要把罩壳里面的空气排挤到车厢的 下方去。 故为了最大限度地减小 气压准 浮高速列车表面所受到的空 气的阻力, 要在图 4中增加罩壳 1' 。 而罩壳 1 ' 宽度的设计要视列车正 常行驶的¾度而定。 车速越大, 车厢受到空气压力的向上的合力就越大, 则车厢底部与下方的空气接触的面积可以越小, 则罩壳 1 ' 的宽度也可以 越大。 三是两种列车最大的不同点是, 低气压准悬浮髙速列车比低气压 准悬浮准高速列车多了一个与道路一 长的汽缸空腔 24。
低气压准悬浮髙速列车工作¾:程:先关闭车厢尾部的车尾门 16, 开 启抽气机, 把空心腔 10内空气抽出一部分, 使车厢 . 8受到空气对它的向 上的压力大体上等于列车的重力。 再开启位于列车车头里面的空气压缩 机, 产生高压气体。 当高压气体从喷气管 21 喷出时, 列车就会受到一个 向前的动力。 列车前进时, 不断地吸入前方的 ¾气, 并把吸入的空气压缩 成高温高压的压缩气体。
气压准悬浮髙速列车使用效果 列车在高速前进时,车头受到来 自前方空气的阻力会大幅度地减小 (可以分析推理得出这个结论)。 这样, 在相同速度的条件下, 列车就会更节能。 另外, 整个列车都能够处在悬浮 或准悬浮状态, 则列车因为摩擦而造成的磨损将减小到最低的程度。 因为 磨损小, 所以还能够节省大量的维护和修理费用。 (四) 低气压完全悬浮超富速列车简介
存在 。η题 当低气压准悬浮高速列车通过车轮与轨道接触、 在以 500km / h左右速度行驶时, 此时列车存在的问题不是很突出。 但是, 当 列车速度继续增加, 如增加到 700km / h以上时, 则列车存在的问题就会 很突出了。主要表现是: 因为车速太快, 则车轮受到的摩擦阻力也会 4艮大, 车轮的磨损也会很严重。 这样就导致能耗和各种维护修理费用都会很大。
解决方案 让整个列车全部处在完全悬浮状态,而不是接近悬浮的 准悬浮状态。 · 说
构造及组成部分的作用、 原理
低气压完全悬浮超窗速列车的构造与前面介绍的低气压准悬浮髙 速列车的构造基本上相同, 即低气压完全书悬浮超寅速列车完全具备了低 气压准悬浮髙速列车上所有的构造、 功能, 就是大小也相同。 不同之处 是: 低气压完全悬浮超髙速列车多了一种长度比其它车厢要短的特殊车厢 ——导向车厢, 其作用是用来控制列车前进时的高度和左右偏转方向。'构造如 图 11所示。在图 10、 图 11中, 导向车厢主要有两种气室和两个小空心腔, 即 导向车厢顶部气室 31、 导向车厢侧面气室 32和小空心腔 35.
工作原理是: 请同时参看图 10、 图 11。 首先在设计时, 当列车正常行驶 时, 要求除导向车厢以外的其它车厢受到空气的向上的压力要大约等于车厢重 力的 1. 15倍左右, 这样车厢就会始终是保持上升的状态。 此时, 其它车厢就会 带动导向车厢 34上升, 导向车厢 34也会处在一个高度始终是上升的状态。 当 导向车厢 34高度升高时, 高压气体就会自动从出气孔 30喷出 (或者: 列车在 整个运行过程中, 出气孔 30一直在喷出高压气体), 高压气体喷出时能够对导 向车厢产生向下的反冲力, 喷出的气体短暂停留在导向车厢气室 31中, 也会对 导向车厢 34产生向下的压力, 导向车厢 34高度会下降, 但不会一直下降。 因 为高度下降到一定大小时, 导向车厢顶部气室 31内部气体压强就会大幅度地减 小, 导向车厢 34又会自动回升。 这样, 导向车厢 34的高度会自动保持不变, 从而处在完 孚的状态。
在图 10中,当导向车厢 34前进时左右方向发生偏转(设向前进方向的左边 -发生偏转:)时, 高压气体会自动从出气孔 29喷出 (或者是列车在 行过程 中出气孔 29—直在向外喷出高压气体), 充满导向车厢侧面气室 32, 导向车厢 34会受到向右的两种力而向右偏转,但不^"直向右偏转。因为导向车厢 34的 两个侧面都设计有气室,-都会有高压气体产生作用力。 这样, 列车前进时, 始 终不会与两侧的罩壳发生接触, 从而处在完 fe 浮状态。
上面讲到高压气体从出气孔 29、 30排出来, 那么, 排出的气体又流到哪里 去了?这些气体是绝对不能流到空心腔 10里面去的, 否则会干扰车厢 8的受力 平衡。为此,特设计两个小空心腔 35, 在空心腔 35中设计了与夕卜界大气相舰 的排气口 28, 排气口 28的面积较大, 能够及时地排出气压大的气体。
主要工作过程: 先开启位于列车车头里面的空气压缩机, 产生高压气体。 后关闭车厢尾部的车尾门 16,开启抽气机, 把空心腔 10内空气抽出一部分, 使 列车受到空气对它的向上的合力说 F的大小与列车的重力 G大体上满足关系式 F=1. 15G。 这时, 车厢 8就会上升, 带动导向车厢 34上升,, 但不会一直上升, 最后会处在悬浮状态。 再让高压气体 喷气管 21内, 当高温、 高压的气体从 喷气管 21喷出时, 列车就会受到向前的动力书而运动。 当列车达到稳定、 正常的 行驶速度时, 就可以自动关闭抽气机, 打开车尾门 16。 这时, 列车仍然能够保 持原来的悬浮状态前进。 此时, 抽气机的工作状态要接受空心腔 10内空气压强 大小的调控, 当空心腔 10内压强大小的变化超出规定的变化值范围时, 抽气机 要育 自动重启或自动关闭, 从而基本保证空心腔 10内空气压强不变, 最终使 列转体受到空气压力的合力大小基本保持不变。
如果列车前进的方向 (包括高度)要发生较小的变化, 则完全可以在 高速运行的条件下, 通过列车的导向车厢 34来实现。 如果列车前进的方 向要发生较大的变化, 则必须事先要列车减速到 500km/h以下, 同时改变 列'车的运行方式, 使列车从完全悬浮的运行状态转换成准悬浮运行状态。 ' 此时,由于列车的车轮与轨道是接触的,则列车的运动方向改变就变得非常 容易了。 '
安全稳定问题:如果列车突遇停电,由于车速不会突然大幅度地减小, 则空心腔 10 内的空气压强也不会突然大幅度地增加, 列车也不会突然掉 落下来而与轨道接触。 这时, 完全有足够多的时间去采取其它办法, 让列 车按照要求停下来。 故车体不会在高速运动的条件下与轨道发生意外的接 触。 用来导向的高压气体事先也能够多储备一些, 当突遇停电时, 也可以 较长时间地继续提供高压气体。 当列车速度自动降到 500km/h以下时, 列 车就可以通过车轮与轨道产生接触, 从而使列车按照人们的要求停车。 注: 所有低气压悬浮列车都可以利用架设在轨道上的电压较高的电 网供电。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种低气压悬浮列车, 低气压悬浮列车的悬浮系统主要由罩壳、 列车部分外表面和抽气机三部分组成, 其特征是: 低气压悬浮列 车系统中有一个空心腔, 该空心腔是由运动的列车车体的部分外 表面与静止的罩壳的部分内表面共同围成。
2. 根据权利要求书 1所述的低气压悬浮列车, 其特征是: 在列车所 用的轨道周围建造了与轨道长度相等的罩壳, 罩壳大小和形状的 设计要.求是: 当列车正常行驶速度设计为 80- 120kra/h时, 轨道周围 的罩壳形状为一^ 面,位于列车车体的正上方,只罩住列车的上表面; 当列车正常行驶速度设计为 200_350km/h时,轨道周围的罩壳由三个面 围成, 即两个侧面和一个顶面,罩住了列车的上表面和两个侧面; 当列 车正常行驶速度设计为 350-800km/h时, 轨道周围的罩壳由四个面围 成, 即两个侧面、一个顶面和一部分底面,罩壳把列车车体的两 ^Hi面 和上表面罩住以外, 还把车体的下表面的一部分也罩住了。
.
3. 根据权利要求书 1所述的低气压悬浮列车, 其特征是: 低气压悬浮 列车车体下方有 30- 300cm高的空间。
4. 根据权利要求书 1所述的低气压悬浮列车, 其特征是: 当列车正常 行驶的速度设计为 80- 120km/h时, 列车车头的高度与列车车头后部的 车厢高度要设计为一样高; 当列车正常行驶的速度设计为 200- 800km/h 时, 列车车头的高度比列车车头后部的车厢高度要高 10-100cmo
5. 根据权利要求书 1所述的低气压悬浮列车, 其特征是: 在列车车体 的上表面设计和安装了车轮;在列车车体的上方空间设计和安装了列车 所用的轨道。
6. 根据权利要求书 1所述的低气压悬浮列车, 其特征是: 当列车正常
lb 权利要求书 行驶速度设计为 500- 800km/h时,在列车中设计有导向车厢,导向车厢 的主要构造是: 导向车厢中设计有导向车厢顶部气室(31)、 导向车厢 侧面气室 (32)和小空心腔(35)。
7. 根据权利要求书 1所述的低气压悬浮列车, 其特征是: 当列车正常 行驶速度设计为 350- 800km/h时, 列车的动力系统中主要设计有汽缸 (24)、 喷气管(21)、 长方体形盖体 (22)和挡气板(26)。
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