WO2010049546A1 - System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components - Google Patents

System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010049546A1
WO2010049546A1 PCT/ES2008/000670 ES2008000670W WO2010049546A1 WO 2010049546 A1 WO2010049546 A1 WO 2010049546A1 ES 2008000670 W ES2008000670 W ES 2008000670W WO 2010049546 A1 WO2010049546 A1 WO 2010049546A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
wear
adapter
wear element
coupling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2008/000670
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José LÓPEZ ALMENDROS
Javier Rol Corredor
Ester Alonso Frigola
Original Assignee
Metalogenia, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metalogenia, S.A. filed Critical Metalogenia, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2008/000670 priority Critical patent/WO2010049546A1/en
Priority to CL2009002007A priority patent/CL2009002007A1/en
Publication of WO2010049546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010049546A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
    • E02F9/2825—Mountings therefor using adapters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/2858—Teeth characterised by shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2883—Wear elements for buckets or implements in general

Definitions

  • bucket protection system of a earthmoving machine or the like refers to a protection system formed by interchangeable wear elements arranged on the blade front of a bucket through movement machine adapter elements of land such as loaders or the like, which are subject to wear applications. Said wear elements are removably fixed both to the bucket of the machine and to each other.
  • the invention also relates to system components.
  • the machines for moving materials such as earth and stones, among which are loaders and the like, and other machines used in public works and mining, are used to tear, move and load earth, stones and the like.
  • These machines which can be presented under different configurations, are usually equipped with one or more buckets or spoons attached to a mechanical arm.
  • the bucket is provided with a blade or bevelled lip at its leading edge which is intended to influence and penetrate the mass of earth and stones.
  • replaceable protection elements are used, which can be protective plates, wear elements (teeth, protectors), adapters, etc., so that the previous parts work together forming a system of total protection of the bucket , in particular of the lip or blade of the machine (Bucket Lip System).
  • the objective of the system is to protect all surfaces of the blade or lip from wear.
  • said protection elements are also subject to wear and tear, so that their exchange and replacement should be possible when conditions require it.
  • the wear elements are those located on the front of the blade and are therefore responsible for penetrating, tearing and loading the material, it may be necessary to change the design of the wear elements depending on the type of terrain and the type of application of the machine.
  • the knowledge that provides the experience is the best guide to advise the ideal designs in view of a given terrain.
  • the relevant geological aspects related to the work of the users of this type of machines also condition, such as the type of rocks we find in nature as well as the discontinuities and their influence on the excavability of the land.
  • the bucket protection systems that require machining it have the problem that the bucket knife must be machined and adapted to be able to mount the rest of the components, while the protection systems that do not require to mechanize the bucket, usually have their welded components on the dipper blade.
  • FIG. 1 Another example of a bucket protection system is that described in patent US4570365, and in which the teeth are positioned side by side along the blade spaced apart, the adapters are fixed to the blade of the saucepan of Ia mechanically excavating machine and protectors are positioned in the free space between the teeth.
  • the tooth holder or adapter is fixed to the blade mechanically, its position in relation to the blade is also fixed until the end of the useful life of the protection system, so that the position of the tooth is also condemned by not allowing a change of configuration of bucket when the terrain and the function require it, since the change of the configuration of the bucket cannot be done until the toothpicks are removed.
  • the different pieces cannot be exchanged between them, that is, to place a protector instead of a tooth and, on the contrary, for a quick change in the configuration of the saucepan.
  • Another drawback is that the blade must have a special configuration for assembling the different components on the blade, consisting for example of holes or grooves that weaken it in addition to having to machine it in advance.
  • the objective of the protection system of the blade of a saucepan of the present invention is to protect the front area of the bucket, that is, the area that interacts with the ground which is exposed to wear, and in particular protect the blade of the saucepan on its upper, lower and especially front faces. Additionally the geometry of coupling and fitting of the elements favors the distribution of stresses from the wear elements to the blade.
  • the protection system is mainly composed of replaceable and interchangeable wear elements, adapter elements and clamping plates for interchangeable wear elements.
  • the present invention there are two types of wear elements that protect the front of the blade of the bucket of the excavator machine, the teeth, which are responsible for penetrating and tearing dirt and that are arranged on the front of the bucket located next to each other. of another in a spaced way, and the protectors that have the function of protecting the part of the front of the bucket that is between the teeth, protecting it from the wear to which it is exposed.
  • the system has stabilization plans between the different components that allow a correct union between parts, more specifically between wear elements and adapters that ensure that the system resists the efforts produced by the work of the machine on the ground.
  • the particular coupling between the pieces favors the best distribution of efforts by increasing the contact surfaces.
  • the wear elements directly contact the bucket knife in addition to contacting the adapter, protecting it and its welding, and transferring the applied forces on the wear elements to the bucket of the machine
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a system of integral protection of the blade or lip of a bucket of earthmoving machines, such as a loader or similar, that allows the replacement or exchange of shape Fast and safe wear elements without compromising the rigidity of the structure so that the system resists optimally the forces exerted during the work of the machine.
  • the system object of the invention is composed of wear elements (tooth or protector), adapting or adapter elements, a pin or coupling device between the adapter and the wear element, a clamping plate for the wear element and obviously Ia dipper blade or lip.
  • the wear elements are composed of a tip or anterior wear zone and a rear coupling or coupling area to the adapter element with two blades.
  • the wear zone present in almost all of its constructions is wedge-shaped, although the specialization of the shape and length of the same comes determined by the type of work they perform.
  • the tip of the teeth usually acquires a long and penetrating wedge shape that allows the penetration into the ground and subsequently the removal and loading of material while the tip of the protectors is shorter than that of the teeth since its function is to protect The front part of the blade that is not protected by the teeth, although they also have a penetrating wedge shape to help the teeth penetrate the ground.
  • the rear coupling area or fitting area of the wear element with the adapter is common to the different types of wear elements, tooth and protector, as well as independent of the tip thereof.
  • the fitting area of the wear element with the adapter element is composed of an upper blade and a lower blade which are separated from each other preferably by an open cavity that is complementary to the fitting area arranged in the adapter element for the perfect coupling between The different elements.
  • the cavity is preferably composed of a recess composed of a combination of planes preferably parallel to the blade whose function is to hinder the exit out of the wear elements when they act with the planes preferably parallel in the projection of the adapter and also composed of inclined planes that prevent the protrusion of the adapter from entering the cavity of the wear element.
  • this cavity is provided with a subcavity that has the function of locating the stabilization blocks.
  • the rear area of the wear elements has two blades, one upper and one lower, the upper one being shorter and the lower blade longer, so that the upper part partially surrounds the adapter while the lower blade due at its length it completely surrounds the adapter reaching the lower surface of the blade, so that the stresses that occur at the tip of the wear elements, especially in the teeth, are transferred directly to the bucket and not to the adapter element.
  • the lower blade is longer than the upper blade, the system would also work with the upper blade being longer than the lower one and if in examples where the efforts to resist on the part of the system were very large, the two blades could be of the same length by contacting the two with the dipper blade.
  • the end of the lower blade is beveled at least at its end to conjugate with the bevel of the clamping plates arranged on the lower surface of The blade, which will prevent the lower blade from separating from the lower surface of the blade.
  • This beveled face has a recess with a shape complementary to a projection located in the clamping plates, so that this coupling allows the system to stabilize against lateral forces by contacting the side walls of said recess with the sides of the projection of the clamping plate .
  • the coupling or fitting between both elements is carried out through ears preferably parallel to the dipper blade.
  • Said ears are located in the upper blade and the lower blade, delimiting the height of the cavity of the wear element. Said ears define a groove along its profile forming an envelope, and subsequently will come into contact with grooves located in the adapter element.
  • Said ears are preferably parallel to the blades of the wear element and to the blade of the bucket, and basically perform two functions, a first that is to prevent the blades from separating from the adapter and breaking and a second function is to stabilize the system, in such a way that the lateral walls of the envelopes act on lateral forces, absorbing the forces, and the vertical walls act on the upper walls of the ears, absorbing these forces.
  • the invention consists of two ears, one upper and one lower, the system could also be composed of a single ear with envelopes being located in the upper or lower blade.
  • a fastening system consisting mainly of a vertical pin. Said pin passes through the ears of the wear elements as well as the adapter element through holes, which may or may not be through.
  • the pin is of the type that comprises an element of revolution although other types of pins can be coupled to this type of system.
  • the wear elements are also provided with lateral guides that start at the free rear end of the lower blade and reach the end of the fitting area or common area between teeth and protectors.
  • the configuration of the guides is adequate so that all the wear parts fit together, so that on one side is the projecting guide and on the other side of the wear element be find the incoming guide or channel, other configurations being possible for the lateral coupling of the wear components, such as two channels and two projections.
  • the adapter element is formed by a rear zone or zone of fixation to the blade and a frontal zone or zone of engagement with the wear element.
  • the fixing area is located in the rear area of the adapter element and is provided with two inclined faces that form a wedge. This type of configuration of the rear zone allows us to fix the adapter to the blade by welding without the need to machine or modify the blade. However, other means of fastening the adapter element to the blade are also possible.
  • the fitting area is constituted by a base body and a projection or nose that is complementary to the opening or cavity arranged between blades of the wear elements.
  • the base body of the adapter is provided with cavities or grooves in its upper and lower part that have a complementary shape to the ear envelopes of the blades of the wear elements and whose function is to receive the ears of the wear element and thus prevent the blades of the wear elements from opening and breaking, in addition to facilitating contact for stabilization of the system.
  • a stabilization block In the nose of the adapter there is a stabilization block whose function is to stabilize the system by contacting its side walls to absorb the stresses and thus avoid lateral movements of the tooth when lateral forces are applied to it in the daily work of the machine.
  • This stabilization block is preferably located concentric to the nose of the adapter, in the upper part of the nose but it is also possible to place it in its lower part if a symmetrical fitting version is sought.
  • the adapter has a preferably through hole which, when the wear element and the adapter are in the mounting position, this hole aligns with the holes of the wear element forming a channel to locate the fastener or pin, the configuration may vary according to the pin configuration used.
  • the adapter element is provided with a groove or channel located in the upper and lower edges of its side walls whose objective is to locate the weld that fixes the adapter elements between them.
  • the above description of the adapter element can be considered as a fitting unit that can be used unitarily or in other configurations where this fitting unit can be found two, three or more times.
  • the clamping plate that has the function of preventing the second blades or lower blades of the wear element from separating from the lower surface of the blade during the cyclic penetration of the wear elements in the ground, since said forced separation among other reasons by the entry of material between the blade and the lower blade, could break said blade.
  • the clamping plate consists of a preferably square or rectangular metal plate that is provided with an oblique cut in its front face forming a beveled face, which coincides with the horizontal of the blade and is complemented with the bevelled plane of the wear element.
  • the clamping plates are provided with projections on the same beveled face that are coupled with the recesses existing in the rear profile of the lower blade of the wear element. These plates are provided with through holes, preferably round, but other configurations may be valid, whose objective is to arrange the welding to fix said plates to the saucepan.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the system object of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a side elevation view of the system object of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a plan view of the system object of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a tooth object of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective detail of the ears of the back of a wear element.
  • Figure 6 shows a plan view of the longest blade of a wear element.
  • Figure 7 shows a plan view of a tooth.
  • Figure 8 shows a side elevation of a tooth.
  • Figure 9 shows a rear view of a wear element.
  • Figure 10 shows a side section of a tooth.
  • Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a protector.
  • Figure 12 shows a side elevation of a protector.
  • Figure 13 shows a plan view of a protector.
  • Figure 14 shows a perspective view of an adapter.
  • Figure 15 shows a plan view of an adapter.
  • Figure 16 shows a side view of an adapter.
  • Figure 17 shows a front rear view of an adapter.
  • Figure 18 shows a perspective view of a double adapter.
  • Figure 19 shows a plan view of an example of configuration of elements arranged on the blade of a saucepan.
  • Figure 20 shows a perspective view of a clamping plate.
  • Figure 21 shows a plan view of a clamping plate.
  • Figure 22 shows a side view of a clamping plate.
  • Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a triple clamping plate.
  • Figure 24 shows a plan view of the clamping plate of Figure 23.
  • Figure 25 shows a bottom plan view of a coupling between the wear elements and the clamping plate.
  • Figure 26 shows a side view of the assembly between the blade, the tooth, the adapter and the clamping plate.
  • the total bucket protection system comprises wear elements (1) that are attached to the adapters (2) releasably through a fastening system (5 ).
  • the adapters are preferably fixed to the front part (41) of the blade (4) of the bucket of the earth moving machine through welding.
  • the system is provided with fastening plates (3) located on the lower surface (42) of the blade (4) to prevent the wear element (1) from separating from the blade (4) during work and breaking .
  • the wear elements (1) can be of two types, the teeth (1a) with the function of removing material from the ground and which are arranged in the front of the bucket, specifically in the front (41) of the blade (4) , located next to each other in a spaced way, and the protectors (1b) that have the function of protecting the part of the front of the bucket that is exempt from protection between the teeth (1a).
  • the wear elements (1) are composed of two zones, a first front or tip zone (11) and a second rear, rear zone or lace zone (12).
  • the tip (11) of the teeth (1a) acquires a penetrating elongated wedge shape which allows its insertion and penetration into the ground to subsequently tear and load material.
  • the protectors (1 b) have the tip (11) shorter than the teeth (1 a) since their function is to protect the front part (41) of the blade (4), although they also have a penetrating wedge shape to help To the teeth to influence the ground.
  • the rear, rear or fitting area (12) is common for the different wear elements (1a, 1b), said fitting area (12) being the coupling area between the wear elements (1) and the adapters (2 ), which have a complementary coupling or coupling area.
  • the coupling between the two elements (1, 2) is what is called the system fitting.
  • the fitting area (12) of the wear elements (1) is composed of an upper blade (13) and a lower blade (14) separated by an open cavity (15) prepared to engage with the engagement area (25) of the adapter element (2) which is complementary.
  • the structure of this cavity (15) comprises a first upper surface (116) preferably parallel to the blade, and adjacent to this first surface (116) is an inclined surface (117) that decreases the height of the cavity and ends with a recess (118) of constant section where its upper surface (119) is parallel to the lower surface of the cavity and the recess (120), which are preferably parallel to the blade.
  • This recess (118) is provided with a front surface (118a) that has the function of contacting its complementary surface (207) in the adapter (2).
  • Preferably flat surfaces (116), (119) and (120) make it difficult for the wear element to come out or disengage while the inclined surface (117) prevents the tooth from sticking into the adapter.
  • the cavity (15) is provided with a subcavity (150) that has the function of locating the stabilization blocks (204) in the adapter elements (2).
  • the upper blade (13) of the wear element (1) is preferably shorter than the lower blade (14), so that the upper blade (13) rests on the adapter element (2) while the length of the blade lower (14) allows to reach the lower surface (42) of the blade (4), resting directly on this lower surface (42) and not exclusively on the adapter (2), thus allowing the transmission of the forces generated in Ia tip of the wear elements (1), especially in the teeth (1a), to the saucepan.
  • the lower blade is longer than the upper blade, the system would also work with the upper blade being longer than the lower one and if in examples where the efforts to resist on the part of the system were very large, the two blades could be of the same length by contacting the two with the dipper blade.
  • the lower blade (14) is provided at its rear end free of a beveled profile (16) with an angle preferably between 180 ° to 270 °, and more preferably between 210 ° and 240 °, with respect to the horizontal of the lower blade ( 14) parallel to the blade.
  • a recess (17) to conjugate with a projection that is arranged in the clamping plate (3).
  • the function of this recess (17) is to use its side walls (171) to contact the side walls (321) of the projection (32) of the clamping plates (3) and thus contribute to the stabilization of the system against lateral forces.
  • the shape of this recess (17) is preferably rectangular or square, although other configurations are possible.
  • the upper (13) and lower (14) are provided with interior surfaces (111) and (110) respectively, from which protruding ears (18). Said ears (18) are located at the free ends of the cavity (15), preferably coinciding with the end of the upper blade (13), although this coincidence is not obligatory, while in the lower blade it is located approximately at a point middle of said blade (14).
  • envelopes (112) protrude in their three free walls, giving the ears (18) a stepped shape, and allowing said envelopes (112) to fit the complementary cavities (27) of the adapter elements (2).
  • the blades are provided with holes (113) preferably in circular section and concentric to the ears (18) to locate the fastener (5) or pin.
  • the pin is of the type that comprises an element of revolution but other types of pins can be coupled to this type of system.
  • the wear elements (1) are also provided with lateral guides (114) and (115) that have their beginning at the free rear end of the lower blade (16) and reach the end of the fitting area (12) , the length of said guides coinciding with the area of engagement or coupling between teeth (1a) and protectors (1 b).
  • These guides have the function of transmitting the stresses of one wear element to another, thus distributing the stresses between the different components.
  • the configuration of the guides is adequate so that all the wear parts can be combined with each other, for example between teeth (1a) and protectors (1b ) or between tooth (1a) and tooth (1a) or between protector (1b) and protector (1b).
  • the adapter element (2) is composed, like the wear element (1) by two zones, a first rear, rear or fixing area (21) to the blade and a second front area or fitting area (22) with the wear element (1).
  • the fixing area (21) is provided with two faces (23) and (24) inclined towards each other forming a wedge, whose function is to facilitate the fixing of the adapter element (2) to the blade (4) by means of welding .
  • This type of configuration of the rear area of the adapter (21) of the adapter (2) allows the adapter (2) to be fixed to the blade (4) without the need for machining or modifying the blade, although other means for attaching the adapter element to the blade are possible.
  • the fitting area (22) is constituted by a base body (25) and a projection or nose (26), this projection or nose being arranged in a manner complementary to the opening or cavity (15) located between the blades (13) and (14) of the wear elements (1).
  • the base body (25) of the adapter (2) is provided with cavities or grooves (27) in its upper and / or lower part which are complementary to the envelopes (18) of the wear elements (1a, 1b) in a way that allows its coupling.
  • the projection or nose (26) of the adapter element (2) is provided with a first surface (28) preferably parallel to the blade (4), and adjacent to this first surface (28) is a surface of decreasing section or height ( 29) that ends in a projection (201) of constant section where its upper (202) and lower (203) surfaces perform the function of hindering the tendency of the tooth to exit or disengage.
  • the projection (201) is provided with a front surface (207) that has the function of contacting its complementary surface (118a) in the wear element before frontal impacts.
  • the parallel planes (202 and 203) are preferably parallel to the blade it is obvious that they have a certain angle of a few degrees for manufacturing reasons.
  • the nose (26) of the adapter (2) is provided with a stabilization block
  • This stabilization block (204) whose function is to avoid lateral movements of the wear elements (1a and 1b) when lateral forces are applied to it during the daily work of the machine.
  • This stabilization block (204) is preferably located in the upper part of the nose but it is also possible to place it in its lower part if we want a symmetrical fitting version.
  • Concentric to the stabilization block (204) is a through hole (205) which, when the wear element (1) and the adapter (2) are in the mounting position, that is, coupled, this hole
  • the described geometry of the fitting area (25) can only be found in the upper part of the nose (26), as shown in the example figures, or on both sides, upper and lower, thus obtaining a symmetrical fit.
  • the adapter element (2) is provided with a groove or channel (206) located in the upper and lower edges of the sides, whose utility is the application of welding to fix the adapter elements (2) laterally between them.
  • adapter element (2) can be considered as a fitting unit, which can be constructed as a unit, as in the figures
  • the aforementioned clamping plates (3) whose function is to prevent the lower blade (14) of the wear element (1) from separating from the lower surface of the bucket, consist of a preferably square or rectangular metal plate, although other configurations are possible, which is provided with an oblique cut in its anterior profile (31) forming a beveled profile, with an angle preferably between 180 ° to 270 °, and more preferably between 210 ° and 240 °, with respect to the horizontal of the blade bottom (14) of the wear element (1) and which coincides with the horizontal of the blade (4), complementary to the bevelled plane (16) of the wear element (1).
  • the clamping plates (3) are provided with projections (32) in the same beveled profile, whose function is to engage with the recesses (17) of the rear free profile (16), also beveled, of the lower blade (14) of the wear element (1).
  • the clamping plates (3) are provided with through holes (33), preferably round, but other configurations may be valid, the purpose of which is to arrange in them the welding to fix said plates (3) to the bucket.
  • the clamping plates (3) can have a projection to be combined with a wear element (1), as in Figures 16 to 18, or several projections to be combined with several wear elements ( 1) at the same time, as in Figures 20 and 21.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)

Abstract

The system for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like relates to a protection system formed by interchangeable wearing parts which are arranged on the blade-like front end of a scoop by means of adaptor parts for earth-moving equipment such as loaders or the like used in applications where they are subject to wear. Said wearing parts are removably fixed both to the scoop of the machine and to each other.  The invention also relates to the components of the system.

Description

Sistema de protección del cazo de una máquina de movimiento de tierras o similar y componentes Bucket protection system of a earthmoving machine or similar and components
Objeto de Ia invenciónObject of the invention
La presente invención, sistema de protección del cazo de una máquina de movimiento de tierras o similar, se refiere a un sistema de protección formado por elementos de desgaste intercambiables dispuestos en el frontal de cuchilla de un cazo a través de elementos adaptadores para máquina de movimiento de tierras tales como cargadoras o similares, los cuales están sujetos a aplicaciones de desgaste. Dichos elementos de desgaste se encuentran fijados de manera amovible tanto al cazo de Ia máquina como entre si. La invención también se refiere a los componentes del sistema.The present invention, bucket protection system of a earthmoving machine or the like, refers to a protection system formed by interchangeable wear elements arranged on the blade front of a bucket through movement machine adapter elements of land such as loaders or the like, which are subject to wear applications. Said wear elements are removably fixed both to the bucket of the machine and to each other. The invention also relates to system components.
Antecedentes de Ia invenciónBackground of the invention
Las máquinas de mover materiales tales como tierra y piedras, entre las que se encuentran cargadoras y similares, y otras máquinas usadas en obras públicas y minería, son utilizadas para arrancar, mover y cargar tierra, piedras y similares. Estas máquinas, que se pueden presentar bajo distintas configuraciones, usualmente están dotadas de uno o más cazos o cucharas unidos a un brazo mecánico. El cazo está provisto de una cuchilla o labio biselado en su borde delantero que es el destinado a incidir y penetrar en Ia masa de tierra y piedras.The machines for moving materials such as earth and stones, among which are loaders and the like, and other machines used in public works and mining, are used to tear, move and load earth, stones and the like. These machines, which can be presented under different configurations, are usually equipped with one or more buckets or spoons attached to a mechanical arm. The bucket is provided with a blade or bevelled lip at its leading edge which is intended to influence and penetrate the mass of earth and stones.
Para evitar el desgaste de Ia cuchilla se usan unos elementos de protección recambiables que pueden ser placas protectoras, elementos de desgaste (dientes, protectores), adaptadores etc., de manera que las piezas anteriores trabajan en conjunto formando un sistema de protección total del cazo, en particular del labio o cuchilla de Ia máquina (Bucket Lip System). El objetivo del sistema es el de proteger todas las superficies de Ia cuchilla o labio del desgaste.To avoid the wear of the blade, replaceable protection elements are used, which can be protective plates, wear elements (teeth, protectors), adapters, etc., so that the previous parts work together forming a system of total protection of the bucket , in particular of the lip or blade of the machine (Bucket Lip System). The objective of the system is to protect all surfaces of the blade or lip from wear.
Sin embargo, al igual que Ia cuchilla, dichos elementos de protección también se encuentran sometidos a desgaste y roturas, por Io que su intercambio y reemplazo debe ser posible cuando las condiciones Io exijan. Además, los elementos de desgaste son los ubicados en el frontal de Ia cuchilla y son por tanto los encargados de penetrar, arrancar y cargar el material, pudiendo ser necesario cambiar el diseño de los elementos de desgaste dependiendo del tipo de terreno y el tipo de aplicación de Ia máquina. El conocimiento que proporciona Ia experiencia es Ia mejor guía para aconsejar los diseños idóneos a Ia vista de un terreno determinado. También condicionan a dicho diseño los aspectos geológicos relevantes relacionados con el trabajo de los usuarios de este tipo de máquinas, por ejemplo el tipo de rocas que encontramos en Ia naturaleza así como las discontinuidades y su influencia sobre Ia excavabilidad del terreno. A Ia vista de Io anterior, es muy importante el poder sustituir los elementos de desgaste, y por tanto su diseño, de forma muy rápida, sin tener que llevar Ia máquina o el cazo al taller, es decir, proceder a Ia sustitución de los elementos de desgaste in situ en función de las necesidades del terreno. Este cambio tiene que ser rápido, cómodo y seguro. Aunque este sistema da protección a Ia cuchilla en toda su longitud, los elementos de desgaste son unidades independientes que permiten ser manipulados de manera independiente.However, like the blade, said protection elements are also subject to wear and tear, so that their exchange and replacement should be possible when conditions require it. In addition, the wear elements are those located on the front of the blade and are therefore responsible for penetrating, tearing and loading the material, it may be necessary to change the design of the wear elements depending on the type of terrain and the type of application of the machine. The knowledge that provides the experience is the best guide to advise the ideal designs in view of a given terrain. The relevant geological aspects related to the work of the users of this type of machines also condition, such as the type of rocks we find in nature as well as the discontinuities and their influence on the excavability of the land. In view of the above, it is very important to be able to replace the wear elements, and therefore its design, very quickly, without having to take the machine or the bucket to the workshop, that is, proceed to replace the wear elements in situ depending on the needs of the land. This change has to be fast, comfortable and safe. Although this system gives protection to the blade throughout its length, the wear elements are independent units that can be handled independently.
En el mercado es posible encontrar dos sistemas de protección total de cazo: los sistemas que requieren mecanizar el mismo y aquellos que no Io requieren.In the market it is possible to find two systems of total protection of bucket: the systems that require to mechanise the same and those that do not require it.
Los sistemas de protección de cazo que requieren mecanizar el mismo presentan el problema de que hay que mecanizar y adaptar Ia cuchilla del cazo para poder montar el resto de componentes, mientras que los sistemas de protección que no requieren mecanizar el cazo, habitualmente disponen de sus componentes soldados sobre Ia cuchilla del cazo.The bucket protection systems that require machining it have the problem that the bucket knife must be machined and adapted to be able to mount the rest of the components, while the protection systems that do not require to mechanize the bucket, usually have their welded components on the dipper blade.
En el estado de Ia técnica existen diferentes soluciones para Ia protección integral del cazo. Un ejemplo de dichas soluciones se describe en Ia patente US3851413 que presenta adaptadores soldados a Ia cuchilla del cazo y placas protectoras de Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla atornillados a esta. Este sistema requiere Ia mecanización de Ia cuchilla para el montaje del sistema, no permitiendo cambiar las posiciones de los dientes y los protectores entre ellos cuando el terreno o el tipo de trabajo de Ia máquina Io requiera. Asimismo el proceso de recambio del material de desgaste es largo. Además, Ia experiencia sobre el terreno desvela que el sistema no es Io suficiente fiable ya que las piezas tienen mucho juego entre ellas por Io que el grado de desgaste prematuro aumenta al igual que las posibilidades de perder las piezas.In the state of the art there are different solutions for the integral protection of the bucket. An example of said solutions is described in US3851413 which presents adapters welded to the bucket blade and protective plates of the lower surface of the blade screwed to it. This system requires the mechanization of the blade for the assembly of the system, not allowing to change the positions of the teeth and the protectors between them when the terrain or the type of work of the machine requires it. Also the process of replacement of the wear material is long. In addition, the experience on the ground reveals that the system is not reliable enough since the pieces have a lot of play between them by The degree of premature wear increases as well as the chances of losing parts.
Otro ejemplo de sistema de protección total o integral del cazo es el descrito en Ia patente US5016365. Este sistema esta compuesto por dientes y adaptadores convencionales en los que los adaptadores están soldados a Ia cuchilla y los dientes fijados de forma amovible a los adaptadores. Además presenta protectores situados entre los diente/adaptadores, los cuales están unidos por un sistema de sujeción en cada extremo y además son sujetados por los dientes. Este sistema presenta el inconveniente de precisar numerosos y diferentes sistemas de pasador, siendo estos un punto de debilidad ya que es difícil mantenerlos en posición, no otorgando suficiente protección en Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla. Tampoco permite un cambio rápido de piezas ni un cambio de configuración de diseño de cazo.Another example of a system of total or integral protection of the bucket is that described in patent US5016365. This system is composed of conventional teeth and adapters in which the adapters are welded to the blade and the teeth removably fixed to the adapters. It also has protectors located between the teeth / adapters, which are joined by a clamping system at each end and are also held by the teeth. This system has the disadvantage of specifying numerous and different pin systems, these being a weakness since it is difficult to keep them in position, not giving sufficient protection on the lower surface of the blade. It also does not allow a quick change of parts or a change of configuration of bucket design.
Otro ejemplo de sistema de protección de cazo es el descrito en Ia patente US4570365, y en el que los dientes se posicionan uno al lado de otro a Io largo de Ia cuchilla de forma espaciada, los adaptadores se fijan a Ia cuchilla del cazo de Ia máquina excavadora de forma mecánica y los protectores se posicionan en el espacio libre que queda entre los dientes. Al quedar el portadientes o adaptador fijado a Ia cuchilla de forma mecánica su posición en relación a Ia cuchilla también queda fijada hasta el final de Ia vida útil del sistema de protección, de manera que se condena también Ia posición del diente al no permitir un cambio de configuración de cazo cuando el terreno y Ia función Io requieran, puesto que el cambio de Ia configuración del cazo no se pueda hacer hasta que no se quiten los portadientes. Asimismo no se pueden intercambiar las distintas piezas entre ellas, es decir situar un protector en lugar de un diente y al contrario, para un cambio rápido en Ia configuración del cazo. Otro inconveniente es que Ia cuchilla debe presentar una configuración especial para realizar el montaje de los distintos componentes sobre Ia cuchilla, consistente por ejemplo en agujeros o ranuras que debilitan Ia misma además de tener que mecanizarla con antelación.Another example of a bucket protection system is that described in patent US4570365, and in which the teeth are positioned side by side along the blade spaced apart, the adapters are fixed to the blade of the saucepan of Ia mechanically excavating machine and protectors are positioned in the free space between the teeth. When the tooth holder or adapter is fixed to the blade mechanically, its position in relation to the blade is also fixed until the end of the useful life of the protection system, so that the position of the tooth is also condemned by not allowing a change of configuration of bucket when the terrain and the function require it, since the change of the configuration of the bucket cannot be done until the toothpicks are removed. Likewise, the different pieces cannot be exchanged between them, that is, to place a protector instead of a tooth and, on the contrary, for a quick change in the configuration of the saucepan. Another drawback is that the blade must have a special configuration for assembling the different components on the blade, consisting for example of holes or grooves that weaken it in addition to having to machine it in advance.
Descripción de Ia invenciónDescription of the invention
El objetivo del sistema de protección de Ia cuchilla de un cazo de Ia presente invención, es proteger Ia zona frontal del cazo, es decir, Ia zona que interacciona con el terreno Ia cual esta expuesta a desgaste, y en concreto proteger Ia cuchilla del cazo en sus caras superior, inferior y sobretodo frontal. Adicionalmente Ia geometría de acoplamiento y encaje de los elementos favorece Ia distribución de esfuerzos desde los elementos de desgaste a Ia cuchilla. El sistema de protección esta principalmente compuesto por elementos de desgaste recambiables e intercambiables, elementos adaptadores y unas placas de sujeción para los elementos de desgate intercambiables.The objective of the protection system of the blade of a saucepan of the present invention is to protect the front area of the bucket, that is, the area that interacts with the ground which is exposed to wear, and in particular protect the blade of the saucepan on its upper, lower and especially front faces. Additionally the geometry of coupling and fitting of the elements favors the distribution of stresses from the wear elements to the blade. The protection system is mainly composed of replaceable and interchangeable wear elements, adapter elements and clamping plates for interchangeable wear elements.
En Ia presente invención hay dos tipos de elementos de desgaste que protegen el frontal de Ia cuchilla del cazo de Ia máquina excavadora, los dientes, que son los encargados de penetrar y arrancar tierra y que se disponen en el frontal del cazo situados uno al lado de otro de forma espaciada, y los protectores que tienen Ia función de proteger Ia parte del frontal del cazo que queda entre los dientes, protegiéndola del desgaste al que está expuesta.In the present invention there are two types of wear elements that protect the front of the blade of the bucket of the excavator machine, the teeth, which are responsible for penetrating and tearing dirt and that are arranged on the front of the bucket located next to each other. of another in a spaced way, and the protectors that have the function of protecting the part of the front of the bucket that is between the teeth, protecting it from the wear to which it is exposed.
El sistema dispone de planos de estabilización entre los diferentes componentes que permiten una correcta unión entre piezas, más concretamente entre elementos de desgaste y los adaptadores que aseguren que el sistema resiste los esfuerzos producidos por el trabajo de Ia máquina sobre el suelo. El acoplamiento particular entre las piezas favorece el mejor reparto de esfuerzos al aumentar las superficies de contacto. Asimismo, los elementos de desgaste contactan directamente con Ia cuchilla del cazo además de contactar con el adaptador, protegiéndolo a este y a su soldadura, y trasladando los esfuerzos aplicados sobre los elementos de desgaste al cazo de Ia máquinaThe system has stabilization plans between the different components that allow a correct union between parts, more specifically between wear elements and adapters that ensure that the system resists the efforts produced by the work of the machine on the ground. The particular coupling between the pieces favors the best distribution of efforts by increasing the contact surfaces. Likewise, the wear elements directly contact the bucket knife in addition to contacting the adapter, protecting it and its welding, and transferring the applied forces on the wear elements to the bucket of the machine
A Ia vista de Io anterior, el objeto de Ia presente invención es suministrar un sistema de protección integral de Ia cuchilla o labio de un cazo de máquinas de movimiento de tierras, tal como una cargadora o similar, que permita Ia substitución o intercambio de forma rápida y segura de los elementos de desgaste sin comprometer Ia rigidez de Ia estructura de manera que el sistema resista de una manera óptima las fuerzas ejercidas durante el trabajo de Ia máquina.In view of the foregoing, the object of the present invention is to provide a system of integral protection of the blade or lip of a bucket of earthmoving machines, such as a loader or similar, that allows the replacement or exchange of shape Fast and safe wear elements without compromising the rigidity of the structure so that the system resists optimally the forces exerted during the work of the machine.
El sistema objeto de Ia invención está compuesto por elementos de desgaste (diente o protector), elementos adaptadores o portadientes, un pasador o dispositivo de acoplamiento entre el adaptador y el elemento de desgaste, una placa de sujeción para el elemento de desgaste y evidentemente Ia cuchilla o labio del cazo.The system object of the invention is composed of wear elements (tooth or protector), adapting or adapter elements, a pin or coupling device between the adapter and the wear element, a clamping plate for the wear element and obviously Ia dipper blade or lip.
Los elementos de desgaste están compuestos por una punta o zona anterior de desgaste y una zona posterior de acoplamiento o encaje al elemento adaptador con dos palas. La zona de desgaste presente en casi todas sus construcciones tiene forma de cuña, aunque Ia especialización de Ia forma y longitud de Ia misma vienen determinadas por el tipo de trabajo que desempeñan. La punta de los dientes adquiere habitualmente una forma de cuña penetrante y larga que permite Ia penetración en el terreno y posteriormente el arranque y carga de material mientras que Ia punta de los protectores es más corta que Ia de los dientes puesto que su función es proteger Ia parte frontal de Ia cuchilla que no esta protegida por los dientes, aunque también tienen forma de cuña penetrante para ayudar a los dientes a penetrar en el terreno.The wear elements are composed of a tip or anterior wear zone and a rear coupling or coupling area to the adapter element with two blades. The wear zone present in almost all of its constructions is wedge-shaped, although the specialization of the shape and length of the same comes determined by the type of work they perform. The tip of the teeth usually acquires a long and penetrating wedge shape that allows the penetration into the ground and subsequently the removal and loading of material while the tip of the protectors is shorter than that of the teeth since its function is to protect The front part of the blade that is not protected by the teeth, although they also have a penetrating wedge shape to help the teeth penetrate the ground.
La zona posterior de acoplamiento o zona de encaje del elemento de desgaste con el adaptador es común a los diferentes tipos de elementos de desgaste, diente y protector, así como independiente de Ia punta de los mismos.The rear coupling area or fitting area of the wear element with the adapter is common to the different types of wear elements, tooth and protector, as well as independent of the tip thereof.
La zona de encaje del elemento de desgaste con el elemento adaptador está compuesta por una pala superior y una pala inferior que quedan separadas entre si preferiblemente por una cavidad abierta que es complementaria con Ia zona de encaje dispuesta en el elemento adaptador para el perfecto acoplamiento entre los distintos elementos. La cavidad está preferiblemente compuesta de un entrante compuesto por una combinación de planos preferiblemente paralelos a Ia cuchilla cuya función es la de dificultar Ia salida hacia fuera de los elementos de desgaste cuando estos actúan con los planos preferiblemente paralelos en el saliente del adaptador y compuesto también de planos inclinados que evitan que el saliente del adaptador se clave en Ia cavidad del elemento de desgaste. Además, esta cavidad esta provista de una subcavidad que tiene Ia función de ubicar los bloques de estabilización.The fitting area of the wear element with the adapter element is composed of an upper blade and a lower blade which are separated from each other preferably by an open cavity that is complementary to the fitting area arranged in the adapter element for the perfect coupling between The different elements. The cavity is preferably composed of a recess composed of a combination of planes preferably parallel to the blade whose function is to hinder the exit out of the wear elements when they act with the planes preferably parallel in the projection of the adapter and also composed of inclined planes that prevent the protrusion of the adapter from entering the cavity of the wear element. In addition, this cavity is provided with a subcavity that has the function of locating the stabilization blocks.
Como se ha mencionado, Ia zona posterior de los elementos de desgaste presenta dos palas, una superior y otra inferior, siendo Ia superior más corta y Ia pala inferior más larga, de manera que Ia superior rodea parcialmente al adaptador mientras que Ia pala inferior debido a su longitud rodea completamente al adaptador alcanzando Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla, de manera que los esfuerzos que se producen en Ia punta de los elementos de desgaste, especialmente en los dientes, se trasladan directamente al cazo y no al elemento adaptador. Aunque preferiblemente Ia pala inferior es de mayor longitud que Ia pala superior, el sistema también funcionaria siendo Ia pala superior de mayor longitud que Ia inferior y si además en ejemplos donde los esfuerzos a resistir por parte del sistema fueran muy grandes las dos palas podrían ser de las misma longitud contactando las dos con Ia cuchilla del cazo. El extremo de Ia pala inferior se encuentra biselada al menos en su extremo para conjugarse con el bisel de las placas de sujeción dispuestas en Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla, que impedirán que Ia pala inferior se separe de Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla. Esta cara biselada tiene un entrante con una forma complementaria a un saliente situado en las placas de sujeción, de manera que este acoplamiento permite estabilizar el sistema ante fuerzas laterales al contactar las paredes laterales de dicho entrante con los laterales del saliente de Ia placa de sujeción.As mentioned, the rear area of the wear elements has two blades, one upper and one lower, the upper one being shorter and the lower blade longer, so that the upper part partially surrounds the adapter while the lower blade due at its length it completely surrounds the adapter reaching the lower surface of the blade, so that the stresses that occur at the tip of the wear elements, especially in the teeth, are transferred directly to the bucket and not to the adapter element. Although preferably the lower blade is longer than the upper blade, the system would also work with the upper blade being longer than the lower one and if in examples where the efforts to resist on the part of the system were very large, the two blades could be of the same length by contacting the two with the dipper blade. The end of the lower blade is beveled at least at its end to conjugate with the bevel of the clamping plates arranged on the lower surface of The blade, which will prevent the lower blade from separating from the lower surface of the blade. This beveled face has a recess with a shape complementary to a projection located in the clamping plates, so that this coupling allows the system to stabilize against lateral forces by contacting the side walls of said recess with the sides of the projection of the clamping plate .
Además de Ia cavidad del elemento de desgaste con superficies complementarias al saliente complementario en el adaptador, el acoplamiento o encaje entre ambos elementos se realiza a través de orejas preferiblemente paralelas a Ia cuchilla del cazo. Dichas orejas se sitúan en Ia pala superior y Ia pala inferior, delimitando Ia altura de Ia cavidad del elemento de desgaste. Dichas orejas definen una ranura a Io largo de su perfil formando una envolvente, y posteriormente entrarán en contacto con unas ranuras situadas en el elemento adaptador. Dichas orejas son preferiblemente paralelas a las palas del elemento de desgaste y a Ia cuchilla del cazo, y desempeñan básicamente dos funciones, una primera que es evitar que las palas se separen del adaptador y se rompan y una segunda función es Ia de estabilizar el sistema, de manera que ante esfuerzos laterales actúan las paredes laterales de las envolventes absorbiendo los esfuerzos y ante esfuerzos verticales actúan las paredes superiores de las orejas absorbiendo estos esfuerzos. Aunque preferiblemente para un mejor funcionamiento Ia invención consta de dos orejas una superior y otra inferior, el sistema también podría estar compuesto por una sola oreja con envolventes situándose en Ia pala superior o inferior.In addition to the cavity of the wear element with surfaces complementary to the complementary projection in the adapter, the coupling or fitting between both elements is carried out through ears preferably parallel to the dipper blade. Said ears are located in the upper blade and the lower blade, delimiting the height of the cavity of the wear element. Said ears define a groove along its profile forming an envelope, and subsequently will come into contact with grooves located in the adapter element. Said ears are preferably parallel to the blades of the wear element and to the blade of the bucket, and basically perform two functions, a first that is to prevent the blades from separating from the adapter and breaking and a second function is to stabilize the system, in such a way that the lateral walls of the envelopes act on lateral forces, absorbing the forces, and the vertical walls act on the upper walls of the ears, absorbing these forces. Although preferably for better operation the invention consists of two ears, one upper and one lower, the system could also be composed of a single ear with envelopes being located in the upper or lower blade.
Para asegurar el acoplamiento entre el elemento de desgaste y el elemento adaptador se emplea un sistema de sujeción compuesto principalmente por un pasador vertical. Dicho pasador atraviesa las orejas de los elementos de desgaste así como el elemento adaptador a través de agujeros, que pueden ser o no pasantes. Por ejemplo, el pasador es del tipo que comprende un elemento de revolución aunque otros tipos de pasadores se pueden acoplar a este tipo de sistema.To secure the coupling between the wear element and the adapter element, a fastening system consisting mainly of a vertical pin is used. Said pin passes through the ears of the wear elements as well as the adapter element through holes, which may or may not be through. For example, the pin is of the type that comprises an element of revolution although other types of pins can be coupled to this type of system.
Los elementos de desgaste están además provistos de unas guías laterales que empiezan en el extremo trasero libre de Ia pala inferior y llegan hasta el final de la zona de encaje o zona común entre dientes y protectores. Para conseguir versatilidad entre las piezas de desgaste es conveniente que Ia configuración de las guías sea Ia adecuada para que todas las piezas de desgaste se acoplen entre ellas, por eso en un lateral se encuentre Ia guía saliente y en el otro lateral del elemento de desgaste se encuentre Ia guía entrante o canal, siendo posibles otras configuraciones para el acoplamiento lateral de los componentes de desgaste, como por ejemplo dos canales y dos salientes. Después de un tiempo de trabajo y ante los esfuerzos aplicados por el trabajo de Ia máquina, el sistema flexiona y se adapta para absorber estos esfuerzos de forma no homogénea en todos los elementos de desgaste. De esta manera dichas guías pueden contactar unas con las otras repartiendo los esfuerzos de un elemento de desgaste a otro y disminuyendo Ia tensión puntual en cada uno.The wear elements are also provided with lateral guides that start at the free rear end of the lower blade and reach the end of the fitting area or common area between teeth and protectors. In order to achieve versatility between the wear parts, it is convenient that the configuration of the guides is adequate so that all the wear parts fit together, so that on one side is the projecting guide and on the other side of the wear element be find the incoming guide or channel, other configurations being possible for the lateral coupling of the wear components, such as two channels and two projections. After a time of work and before the efforts applied by the work of the machine, the system flexes and adapts to absorb these efforts in a non-homogeneous way in all the elements of wear. In this way, said guides can contact each other by distributing the stresses of one wear element to another and reducing the point tension in each one.
El elemento adaptador está formado por una zona posterior o zona de fijación a Ia cuchilla y una zona frontal o zona de encaje con el elemento de desgaste. La zona de fijación se encuentra en Ia zona posterior del elemento adaptador y esta provista de dos caras inclinadas que forman una cuña. Este tipo de configuración de Ia zona trasera nos permite fijar el adaptador a Ia cuchilla mediante soldadura sin necesidad de mecanizar o modificar Ia cuchilla. Sin embargo, otros medios de sujeción del elemento adaptador a Ia cuchilla también son posibles. La zona de encaje esta constituida por un cuerpo base y un saliente o nariz que tiene forma complementaria a Ia apertura o cavidad dispuesta entre palas de los elementos de desgaste. El cuerpo base del adaptador esta provisto de unas cavidades o ranuras en su parte superior e inferior que tienen una forma complementaria a las envolventes de las orejas de las palas de los elementos de desgaste y cuya función es recibir las orejas del elemento de desgaste y así evitar que las palas de los elementos de desgaste se abran y rompan, además de facilitar el contacto para Ia estabilización el sistema.The adapter element is formed by a rear zone or zone of fixation to the blade and a frontal zone or zone of engagement with the wear element. The fixing area is located in the rear area of the adapter element and is provided with two inclined faces that form a wedge. This type of configuration of the rear zone allows us to fix the adapter to the blade by welding without the need to machine or modify the blade. However, other means of fastening the adapter element to the blade are also possible. The fitting area is constituted by a base body and a projection or nose that is complementary to the opening or cavity arranged between blades of the wear elements. The base body of the adapter is provided with cavities or grooves in its upper and lower part that have a complementary shape to the ear envelopes of the blades of the wear elements and whose function is to receive the ears of the wear element and thus prevent the blades of the wear elements from opening and breaking, in addition to facilitating contact for stabilization of the system.
En Ia nariz del adaptador se dispone uno bloque de estabilización cuya función es estabilizar el sistema al contactar con sus paredes laterales para absorber los esfuerzos y así evitar movimientos laterales del diente cuando a éste se Ie aplican fuerzas laterales en el trabajo cotidiano de Ia máquina. Este bloque de estabilización esta situado preferiblemente concéntrico a Ia nariz del adaptador, en Ia parte superior de Ia nariz pero también es posible situarlo en su parte inferior si se busca una versión de encaje simétrico. El adaptador, como se ha mencionado dispone de un agujero preferiblemente pasante el cual, cuando el elemento de desgaste y el adaptador se encuentran en posición de montaje este agujero se alinea con los agujeros del elemento de desgaste formando un canal para ubicar el elemento de sujeción o pasador, pudiendo variar Ia configuración según Ia configuración de pasador que se utilice. Adicionalmente, el elemento adaptador esta provisto de una ranura o canal situado en los cantos superiores e inferiores de sus paredes laterales cuyo objetivo es ubicar Ia soldadura que fija los elementos adaptadores entre ellos.In the nose of the adapter there is a stabilization block whose function is to stabilize the system by contacting its side walls to absorb the stresses and thus avoid lateral movements of the tooth when lateral forces are applied to it in the daily work of the machine. This stabilization block is preferably located concentric to the nose of the adapter, in the upper part of the nose but it is also possible to place it in its lower part if a symmetrical fitting version is sought. The adapter, as mentioned, has a preferably through hole which, when the wear element and the adapter are in the mounting position, this hole aligns with the holes of the wear element forming a channel to locate the fastener or pin, the configuration may vary according to the pin configuration used. Additionally, the adapter element is provided with a groove or channel located in the upper and lower edges of its side walls whose objective is to locate the weld that fixes the adapter elements between them.
La descripción anterior del elemento adaptador puede considerarse como una unidad de encaje que puede ser empleada de forma unitaria o en otras configuraciones donde esta unidad de encaje se puede encontrar dos, tres o más veces.The above description of the adapter element can be considered as a fitting unit that can be used unitarily or in other configurations where this fitting unit can be found two, three or more times.
La ventaja anterior referida a que los diferentes elementos de desgaste compartan Ia misma configuración de encaje, unido a que se trata de sistemas de sujeción o pasadores sin martillo (hamerless) permite: recambiar un diente situado en cualquier punto de Ia cuchilla; reemplazar un diente por un protector si fuera necesario; modificar el diseño de diente por otro diferente; y modificar las posiciones de los dientes y protectores, consiguiendo de esta manera un cambio en Ia configuración del cazo de una manera rápida y segura in situ, es decir, en el lugar donde esta trabajando Ia máquina sin Ia necesidad de acudir al taller, facilitando y disminuyendo el tiempo de cambio de Ia configuración del cazo.The previous advantage referred to the fact that the different wear elements share the same fitting configuration, together with the fact that they are clamping systems or hammerless pins (hamerless) allows: to replace a tooth located at any point of the blade; replace a tooth with a protector if necessary; modify the tooth design for a different one; and modify the positions of the teeth and protectors, thus achieving a change in the configuration of the bucket in a fast and safe way in situ, that is, in the place where the machine is working without the need to go to the workshop, facilitating and decreasing the time of change of the configuration of the saucepan.
Otro elemento citado anteriormente es Ia placa de sujeción que tienen Ia función de evitar que las segundas palas o palas inferiores del elemento de desgaste se separen de Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla durante Ia penetración cíclica de los elementos de desgaste en el terreno, ya que dicha separación forzada entre otras razones por Ia entrada de material entre Ia cuchilla y Ia pala inferior, podría romper dicha pala. La placa de sujeción consta de una plancha metálica preferiblemente cuadrada o rectangular que esta provista de un corte oblicuo en su cara anterior formando una cara biselada, que coincide con Ia horizontal de Ia cuchilla y se complementa con el plano biselado del elemento de desgaste.Another element mentioned above is the clamping plate that has the function of preventing the second blades or lower blades of the wear element from separating from the lower surface of the blade during the cyclic penetration of the wear elements in the ground, since said forced separation among other reasons by the entry of material between the blade and the lower blade, could break said blade. The clamping plate consists of a preferably square or rectangular metal plate that is provided with an oblique cut in its front face forming a beveled face, which coincides with the horizontal of the blade and is complemented with the bevelled plane of the wear element.
Las placas de sujeción están provistas de unos salientes en Ia misma cara biselada que se acoplan con los entrantes existentes en el perfil posterior de Ia pala inferior del elemento de desgaste. Estas placas están provistas de unos agujeros pasantes, preferiblemente redondos, pero pueden ser válidas otras configuraciones, cuyo objetivo es disponer Ia soldadura para fijar dichas placas al cazo.The clamping plates are provided with projections on the same beveled face that are coupled with the recesses existing in the rear profile of the lower blade of the wear element. These plates are provided with through holes, preferably round, but other configurations may be valid, whose objective is to arrange the welding to fix said plates to the saucepan.
Breve descripción de las figuras A continuación se describe de manera breve las figuras empleadas para una mejor explicación y consiguiente comprensión de Ia invención, y que representan de manera no limitativa un ejemplo preferente de realización de esta.Brief description of the figures Next, the figures used for a better explanation and subsequent understanding of the invention are briefly described, and which represent, in a non-limiting manner, a preferred embodiment of this.
La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva del sistema objeto de Ia invención.Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the system object of the invention.
La figura 2 muestra una vista en alzado lateral del sistema objeto de Ia invención.Figure 2 shows a side elevation view of the system object of the invention.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en planta del sistema objeto de Ia invención.Figure 3 shows a plan view of the system object of the invention.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un diente objeto de Ia invención.Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a tooth object of the invention.
La figura 5 muestra un detalle en perspectiva de las orejas de Ia parte posterior de un elemento de desgaste.Figure 5 shows a perspective detail of the ears of the back of a wear element.
La figura 6 muestra una vista en planta de Ia pala más larga de un elemento de desgaste.Figure 6 shows a plan view of the longest blade of a wear element.
La figura 7 muestra una vista en planta de un diente.Figure 7 shows a plan view of a tooth.
La figura 8 muestra un alzado lateral de un diente. La figura 9 muestra una vista posterior de un elemento de desgaste.Figure 8 shows a side elevation of a tooth. Figure 9 shows a rear view of a wear element.
La figura 10 muestra una sección lateral de un diente.Figure 10 shows a side section of a tooth.
La figura 11 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un protector.Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a protector.
La figura 12 muestra un alzado lateral de un protector.Figure 12 shows a side elevation of a protector.
La figura 13 muestra una vista en planta de un protector. La figura 14 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un adaptador.Figure 13 shows a plan view of a protector. Figure 14 shows a perspective view of an adapter.
La figura 15 muestra una vista en planta de un adaptador.Figure 15 shows a plan view of an adapter.
La figura 16 muestra una vista lateral de un adaptador.Figure 16 shows a side view of an adapter.
La figura 17 muestra una vista posterior frontal de un adaptador. " Figure 17 shows a front rear view of an adapter. "
La figura 18 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un adaptador doble. La figura 19 muestra una vista en planta de un ejemplo de configuración de elementos dispuestos sobre Ia cuchilla de un cazo.Figure 18 shows a perspective view of a double adapter. Figure 19 shows a plan view of an example of configuration of elements arranged on the blade of a saucepan.
La figura 20 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una placa de sujeción.Figure 20 shows a perspective view of a clamping plate.
La figura 21 muestra una vista en planta de una placa de sujeción.Figure 21 shows a plan view of a clamping plate.
La figura 22 muestra una vista lateral de una placa de sujeción. La figura 23 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una placa de sujeción triple.Figure 22 shows a side view of a clamping plate. Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a triple clamping plate.
La figura 24 muestra una vista en planta de Ia placa de sujeción de Ia figura 23.Figure 24 shows a plan view of the clamping plate of Figure 23.
La figura 25 muestra una vista en planta inferior de un acoplamiento entre los elementos de desgaste y Ia placa de sujeción. La figura 26 muestra una vista lateral del montaje entre Ia cuchilla, el diente, el adaptador y Ia placa de sujeción.Figure 25 shows a bottom plan view of a coupling between the wear elements and the clamping plate. Figure 26 shows a side view of the assembly between the blade, the tooth, the adapter and the clamping plate.
Realización preferente de Ia invención A continuación se describen realizaciones de Ia invención aplicadas, a título de ejemplo, a un sistema de protección integral de Ia cuchilla o labio de un cazo para máquinas de movimiento de tierras, tal como una cargadora o similar.Preferred Embodiment of the Invention The following describes embodiments of the invention applied, by way of example, to a system of integral protection of the blade or lip of a bucket for earthmoving machines, such as a loader or the like.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras de Ia 1 a Ia 21 se observa que el sistema de protección total de cazo comprende unos elementos de desgaste (1) que se unen a los adaptadores (2) de forma liberable a través de un sistema de sujeción (5). Los adaptadores se fijan preferiblemente a Ia parte frontal (41) de Ia cuchilla (4) del cazo de Ia máquina de movimiento de tierra a través de soldadura. El sistema está provisto de unas placas de sujeción (3) situadas en Ia superficie inferior (42) de Ia cuchilla (4) para impedir que el elemento de desgaste (1) se separe de Ia cuchilla (4) durante el trabajo y se rompa.Referring to the figures from 1 to Ia 21, it can be seen that the total bucket protection system comprises wear elements (1) that are attached to the adapters (2) releasably through a fastening system (5 ). The adapters are preferably fixed to the front part (41) of the blade (4) of the bucket of the earth moving machine through welding. The system is provided with fastening plates (3) located on the lower surface (42) of the blade (4) to prevent the wear element (1) from separating from the blade (4) during work and breaking .
Los elementos de desgaste (1) pueden ser de dos tipos, los dientes (1a) con Ia función de arrancar material de Ia tierra y que están dispuestos en el frontal del cazo, concretamente en el frontal (41) de Ia cuchilla (4), situados uno al lado del otro de forma espaciada, y los protectores (1b) que tienen Ia función de proteger Ia parte del frontal del cazo que queda exenta de protección entre los dientes (1a).The wear elements (1) can be of two types, the teeth (1a) with the function of removing material from the ground and which are arranged in the front of the bucket, specifically in the front (41) of the blade (4) , located next to each other in a spaced way, and the protectors (1b) that have the function of protecting the part of the front of the bucket that is exempt from protection between the teeth (1a).
Los elementos de desgaste (1) se componen de dos zonas, una primera zona frontal o punta (11) y una segunda zona posterior, trasera o zona de encaje (12).The wear elements (1) are composed of two zones, a first front or tip zone (11) and a second rear, rear zone or lace zone (12).
La punta (11) de los dientes (1a) adquiere una forma de cuña alargada penetrante Ia cual permite su inserción y penetración en el terreno para posteriormente arrancar y cargar material. Los protectores (1 b) tienen Ia punta (11) más corta que los dientes (1 a) ya que su función es proteger Ia parte frontal (41) de Ia cuchilla (4), aunque también tienen una forma de cuña penetrante para ayudar a los dientes a incidir en el terreno.The tip (11) of the teeth (1a) acquires a penetrating elongated wedge shape which allows its insertion and penetration into the ground to subsequently tear and load material. The protectors (1 b) have the tip (11) shorter than the teeth (1 a) since their function is to protect the front part (41) of the blade (4), although they also have a penetrating wedge shape to help To the teeth to influence the ground.
La zona posterior, trasera o de encaje (12) es común para los diferentes elementos de desgaste (1a, 1b), siendo dicha zona de encaje (12) Ia zona de acoplamiento entre los elementos de desgaste (1) y los adaptadores (2), que disponen de una zona de encaje o acoplamiento complementaria. El acoplamiento entre los dos elementos (1 , 2) es Io que se denomina encaje del sistema. La zona de encaje (12) de los elementos de desgaste (1) esta compuesta por una pala superior (13) y una pala inferior (14) separadas por una cavidad abierta (15) preparada para acoplarse con Ia zona de encaje (25) del elemento adaptador (2) que es complementaria. La estructura de esta cavidad (15) comprende una primera superficie (116) superior preferiblemente paralela a Ia cuchilla, y adyacente a esta primera superficie (116) se encuentra una superficie inclinada (117) que hace decrecer Ia altura de Ia cavidad y que finaliza con un entrante (118) de sección constante donde su superficie superior (119) es paralela a Ia superficie inferior de Ia cavidad y del entrante (120), que son preferiblemente paralelas a Ia cuchilla. Este entrante (118) esta provisto de una superficie frontal (118a) que tiene Ia función de contactar con su superficie complementaria (207) en el adaptador (2). Las superficies preferiblemente planas (116), (119) y (120) dificultan que el elemento de desgaste tienda a salirse o a desacoplarse mientras que Ia superficie inclinada (117) evita que el diente se clave en el adaptador. La cavidad (15) esta provista de una subcavidad (150) que tiene Ia función de ubicar los bloques de estabilización (204) en los elementos adaptadores (2).The rear, rear or fitting area (12) is common for the different wear elements (1a, 1b), said fitting area (12) being the coupling area between the wear elements (1) and the adapters (2 ), which have a complementary coupling or coupling area. The coupling between the two elements (1, 2) is what is called the system fitting. The fitting area (12) of the wear elements (1) is composed of an upper blade (13) and a lower blade (14) separated by an open cavity (15) prepared to engage with the engagement area (25) of the adapter element (2) which is complementary. The structure of this cavity (15) comprises a first upper surface (116) preferably parallel to the blade, and adjacent to this first surface (116) is an inclined surface (117) that decreases the height of the cavity and ends with a recess (118) of constant section where its upper surface (119) is parallel to the lower surface of the cavity and the recess (120), which are preferably parallel to the blade. This recess (118) is provided with a front surface (118a) that has the function of contacting its complementary surface (207) in the adapter (2). Preferably flat surfaces (116), (119) and (120) make it difficult for the wear element to come out or disengage while the inclined surface (117) prevents the tooth from sticking into the adapter. The cavity (15) is provided with a subcavity (150) that has the function of locating the stabilization blocks (204) in the adapter elements (2).
La pala superior (13) del elemento de desgaste (1) es preferiblemente más corta que Ia pala inferior (14), de manera que Ia pala superior (13) se apoya sobre el elemento adaptador (2) mientras que Ia longitud de Ia pala inferior (14) permite alcanzar Ia superficie inferior (42) de Ia cuchilla (4), apoyándose directamente sobre esta superficie inferior (42) y no exclusivamente sobre el adaptador (2), permitiendo así Ia transmisión de los esfuerzos que se generen en Ia punta de los elementos de desgaste (1), especialmente en los dientes (1a), al cazo. Aunque preferiblemente Ia pala inferior es de mayor longitud que Ia pala superior, el sistema también funcionaria siendo Ia pala superior de mayor longitud que Ia inferior y si además en ejemplos donde los esfuerzos a resistir por parte del sistema fueran muy grandes las dos palas podrían ser de las misma longitud contactando las dos con Ia cuchilla del cazo.The upper blade (13) of the wear element (1) is preferably shorter than the lower blade (14), so that the upper blade (13) rests on the adapter element (2) while the length of the blade lower (14) allows to reach the lower surface (42) of the blade (4), resting directly on this lower surface (42) and not exclusively on the adapter (2), thus allowing the transmission of the forces generated in Ia tip of the wear elements (1), especially in the teeth (1a), to the saucepan. Although preferably the lower blade is longer than the upper blade, the system would also work with the upper blade being longer than the lower one and if in examples where the efforts to resist on the part of the system were very large, the two blades could be of the same length by contacting the two with the dipper blade.
La pala inferior (14) esta provista en su extremo posterior libre de un perfil biselado (16) con un ángulo preferiblemente entre 180° a 270°, y más preferiblemente entre 210° y 240°, respecto a Ia horizontal de Ia pala inferior (14) paralela a Ia cuchilla. En un punto medio de este perfil biselado (16) se encuentra un entrante (17) para conjugar con un saliente que se dispone en Ia placa de sujeción (3). La función de este entrante (17) es utilizar sus paredes laterales (171) para contactar con las paredes laterales (321) del saliente (32) de Ia placas de sujeción (3) y así contribuir a Ia estabilización del sistema ante fuerzas laterales. La forma de este entrante (17) es preferiblemente rectangular o cuadrada, aunque otras configuraciones son posibles.The lower blade (14) is provided at its rear end free of a beveled profile (16) with an angle preferably between 180 ° to 270 °, and more preferably between 210 ° and 240 °, with respect to the horizontal of the lower blade ( 14) parallel to the blade. In a midpoint of this beveled profile (16) there is a recess (17) to conjugate with a projection that is arranged in the clamping plate (3). The function of this recess (17) is to use its side walls (171) to contact the side walls (321) of the projection (32) of the clamping plates (3) and thus contribute to the stabilization of the system against lateral forces. The shape of this recess (17) is preferably rectangular or square, although other configurations are possible.
La pala superior (13) e inferior (14) están provistas de unas superficies interiores (111) y (110) respectivamente, desde las que sobresalen unas orejas (18). Dichas orejas (18) se sitúan en los extremos libres de Ia cavidad (15), coincidiendo preferiblemente con el final de Ia pala superior (13), aunque esta coincidencia no es obligada, mientras que en Ia pala inferior se sitúa aproximadamente en un punto medio de dicha pala (14).The upper (13) and lower (14) are provided with interior surfaces (111) and (110) respectively, from which protruding ears (18). Said ears (18) are located at the free ends of the cavity (15), preferably coinciding with the end of the upper blade (13), although this coincidence is not obligatory, while in the lower blade it is located approximately at a point middle of said blade (14).
De las orejas (18) sobresalen unas envolventes (112) en sus tres paredes libres, dándole a las orejas (18) una forma escalonada, y permitiendo que dichas envolventes (112) se acoplen a las cavidades (27) complementarias de los elementos adaptadores (2).From the ears (18), envelopes (112) protrude in their three free walls, giving the ears (18) a stepped shape, and allowing said envelopes (112) to fit the complementary cavities (27) of the adapter elements (2).
Las palas están provistas de unos agujeros (113) preferiblemente en sección circular y concéntricos a las orejas (18) para ubicar el elemento de sujeción (5) o pasador. A modo de ejemplo el pasador es del tipo que comprende un elemento de revolución pero otros tipos de pasadores pueden acoplarse a este tipo de sistema.The blades are provided with holes (113) preferably in circular section and concentric to the ears (18) to locate the fastener (5) or pin. By way of example, the pin is of the type that comprises an element of revolution but other types of pins can be coupled to this type of system.
Los elementos de desgaste (1) están además provistos de unas guías laterales (114) y (115) que tienen su inicio en el extremo libre posterior de Ia pala inferior (16) y llegan hasta el final de Ia zona de encaje (12), coincidiendo Ia longitud de dichas guías con Ia zona de encaje o acoplamiento entre dientes (1a) y protectores (1 b). Estas guías tienen Ia función de transmitir los esfuerzos de un elemento de desgaste a otro repartiendo así los esfuerzos entre los distintos componentes. Para conseguir versatilidad entre las piezas de desgaste (1a) y (1b) es conveniente que Ia configuración de las guías sea Ia adecuada para que todas las piezas de desgaste se puedan combinar entre ellas, por ejemplo entre dientes (1a) y protectores (1b) o entre diente (1a) y diente (1a) o entre protector (1b) y protector (1b). Para conseguir esta versatilidad es preciso que en un lateral de Ia zona de encaje (12) del elemento de desgaste (1) este provisto de una guía saliente (115) y el lateral opuesto este provisto de una guía entrante o canal (114).The wear elements (1) are also provided with lateral guides (114) and (115) that have their beginning at the free rear end of the lower blade (16) and reach the end of the fitting area (12) , the length of said guides coinciding with the area of engagement or coupling between teeth (1a) and protectors (1 b). These guides have the function of transmitting the stresses of one wear element to another, thus distributing the stresses between the different components. To achieve versatility between the wear parts (1a) and (1b) it is convenient that the configuration of the guides is adequate so that all the wear parts can be combined with each other, for example between teeth (1a) and protectors (1b ) or between tooth (1a) and tooth (1a) or between protector (1b) and protector (1b). To achieve this versatility, it is necessary that on one side of the fitting area (12) of the wear element (1) it is provided with an outgoing guide (115) and the opposite side is provided with an incoming guide or channel (114).
El elemento adaptador (2) esta compuesto, al igual que el elemento de desgaste (1) por dos zonas, una primera zona posterior, trasera o de fijación (21) a Ia cuchilla y una segunda zona frontal o zona de encaje (22) con el elemento de desgaste (1). La zona de fijación (21) esta provista de dos caras (23) y (24) inclinadas una hacia Ia otra formando una cuña, cuya función es facilitar Ia fijación del elemento adaptador (2) a Ia cuchilla (4) por medio de soldadura. Este tipo de configuración de Ia zona trasera del adaptador (21) del adaptador (2) permite fijar el adaptador (2) a Ia cuchilla (4) sin necesidad de mecanizar o modificar Ia cuchilla, aunque otros medios de sujeción de elemento adaptador a Ia cuchilla son posibles. La zona de encaje (22) esta constituida por un cuerpo base (25) y un saliente o nariz (26), disponiendo este saliente o nariz de una forma complementaria a Ia apertura o cavidad (15) situada entre las palas (13) y (14) de los elementos de desgaste (1). El cuerpo base (25) del adaptador (2) esta provisto de unas cavidades o ranuras (27) en su parte superior y/o inferior las cuales tienen forma complementaria a las envolventes (18) de los elementos de desgaste (1a, 1b) de manera que permite su acoplamiento.The adapter element (2) is composed, like the wear element (1) by two zones, a first rear, rear or fixing area (21) to the blade and a second front area or fitting area (22) with the wear element (1). The fixing area (21) is provided with two faces (23) and (24) inclined towards each other forming a wedge, whose function is to facilitate the fixing of the adapter element (2) to the blade (4) by means of welding . This type of configuration of the rear area of the adapter (21) of the adapter (2) allows the adapter (2) to be fixed to the blade (4) without the need for machining or modifying the blade, although other means for attaching the adapter element to the blade are possible. The fitting area (22) is constituted by a base body (25) and a projection or nose (26), this projection or nose being arranged in a manner complementary to the opening or cavity (15) located between the blades (13) and (14) of the wear elements (1). The base body (25) of the adapter (2) is provided with cavities or grooves (27) in its upper and / or lower part which are complementary to the envelopes (18) of the wear elements (1a, 1b) in a way that allows its coupling.
El saliente o nariz (26) del elemento adaptador (2) esta provisto de una primera superficie (28) preferiblemente paralela a Ia cuchilla (4), y adyacente a esta primera superficie (28) se encuentra una superficie de sección o altura decreciente (29) que acaba en un saliente (201) de sección constante donde sus superficies superior (202) e inferior (203) desempeñan Ia función de dificultar Ia tendencia del diente a salirse o a desacoplarse. Además, el saliente (201) esta provisto de una superficie frontal (207) que tiene Ia función de contactar con su superficie complementaria (118a) en el elemento de desgaste ante impactos frontales. Aunque los planos paralelos (202 y 203) son preferiblemente paralelos a Ia cuchilla es obvio que dispongan de cierto ángulo de pocos grados por motivos de fabricación.The projection or nose (26) of the adapter element (2) is provided with a first surface (28) preferably parallel to the blade (4), and adjacent to this first surface (28) is a surface of decreasing section or height ( 29) that ends in a projection (201) of constant section where its upper (202) and lower (203) surfaces perform the function of hindering the tendency of the tooth to exit or disengage. In addition, the projection (201) is provided with a front surface (207) that has the function of contacting its complementary surface (118a) in the wear element before frontal impacts. Although the parallel planes (202 and 203) are preferably parallel to the blade it is obvious that they have a certain angle of a few degrees for manufacturing reasons.
La nariz (26) del adaptador (2) esta provista de un bloque de estabilizaciónThe nose (26) of the adapter (2) is provided with a stabilization block
(204) cuya función es evitar movimientos laterales de los elementos de desgaste (1a y 1b) cuando a este se Ie aplican esfuerzos laterales durante el trabajo cotidiano de Ia máquina. Este bloque de estabilización (204) está ubicado preferiblemente en Ia parte superior de Ia nariz pero también es posible situarlo en su parte inferior si queremos una versión de encaje simétrico. Concéntrico al bloque de estabilización (204) se encuentra un agujero pasante (205) que, cuando el elemento de desgaste (1) y el adaptador (2) se encuentran en posición de montaje, es decir, acoplados, este agujero(204) whose function is to avoid lateral movements of the wear elements (1a and 1b) when lateral forces are applied to it during the daily work of the machine. This stabilization block (204) is preferably located in the upper part of the nose but it is also possible to place it in its lower part if we want a symmetrical fitting version. Concentric to the stabilization block (204) is a through hole (205) which, when the wear element (1) and the adapter (2) are in the mounting position, that is, coupled, this hole
(205) se alinea con el agujero del elemento de desgaste (113) formando un canal para ubicar el elemento de sujeción (5) o pasador.(205) aligns with the hole of the wear element (113) forming a channel to locate the clamping element (5) or pin.
La geometría descrita de Ia zona de encaje (25) puede encontrarse solamente en Ia parte superior de Ia nariz (26), tal y como muestran en forma de ejemplo las figuras, o en las dos caras, superior e inferior, consiguiendo de esta última forma un encaje simétrico.The described geometry of the fitting area (25) can only be found in the upper part of the nose (26), as shown in the example figures, or on both sides, upper and lower, thus obtaining a symmetrical fit.
El elemento adaptador (2) esta provisto de una ranura o canal (206) situado en los cantos superiores e inferiores de los laterales, cuya utilidad es Ia aplicación de soldadura para fijar los elementos adaptadores (2) lateralmente entre ellos.The adapter element (2) is provided with a groove or channel (206) located in the upper and lower edges of the sides, whose utility is the application of welding to fix the adapter elements (2) laterally between them.
La descripción anterior del elemento adaptador (2) puede considerarse como una unidad de encaje, que puede construirse de forma unitaria, como en las figurasThe above description of the adapter element (2) can be considered as a fitting unit, which can be constructed as a unit, as in the figures
10, 11 o 12, o en otras configuraciones donde en un adaptador podemos encontrar más de una unidad de encaje, como en Ia figura 14 que es doble, pudiendo también ser triple o mayor.10, 11 or 12, or in other configurations where in an adapter we can find more than one fitting unit, as in Figure 14 which is double, and can also be triple or larger.
Las placas de sujeción (3) anteriormente mencionadas, cuya función es evitar que Ia pala inferior (14) del elemento de desgaste (1) se separe de Ia superficie inferior del cazo, constan de una plancha metálica preferiblemente cuadrada o rectangular, aunque otras configuraciones son posible, que está provista de un corte oblicuo en su perfil anterior (31) formando un perfil biselado, con un ángulo preferiblemente entre 180° a 270°, y más preferiblemente entre 210° y 240°, respecto a Ia horizontal de Ia pala inferior (14) del elemento de desgaste (1) y que coincide con Ia horizontal de Ia cuchilla (4), acoplándose de manera complementaria al plano biselado (16) del elemento de desgaste (1). Las placas de sujeción (3) están provistas de unos salientes (32) en el mismo perfil biselado, cuya función es acoplarse con los entrantes (17) del perfil libre posterior (16), también biselado, de Ia pala inferior (14) del elemento de desgaste (1).The aforementioned clamping plates (3), whose function is to prevent the lower blade (14) of the wear element (1) from separating from the lower surface of the bucket, consist of a preferably square or rectangular metal plate, although other configurations are possible, which is provided with an oblique cut in its anterior profile (31) forming a beveled profile, with an angle preferably between 180 ° to 270 °, and more preferably between 210 ° and 240 °, with respect to the horizontal of the blade bottom (14) of the wear element (1) and which coincides with the horizontal of the blade (4), complementary to the bevelled plane (16) of the wear element (1). The clamping plates (3) are provided with projections (32) in the same beveled profile, whose function is to engage with the recesses (17) of the rear free profile (16), also beveled, of the lower blade (14) of the wear element (1).
La placas de sujeción (3) están provistas de agujeros pasantes (33), preferiblemente redondos, pero pueden ser válidas otras configuraciones, cuyo fin es disponer en los mismos Ia soldadura para fijar dichas placas (3) al cazo.The clamping plates (3) are provided with through holes (33), preferably round, but other configurations may be valid, the purpose of which is to arrange in them the welding to fix said plates (3) to the bucket.
Al igual que con los elementos adaptadores, las placas de sujeción (3) pueden presentar un saliente para conjugarse con un elemento de desgaste (1), como en las figuras 16 a Ia 18, o varios salientes para conjugarse con varios elementos de desgaste (1) a Ia vez, como en Ia figuras 20 y 21. As with the adapter elements, the clamping plates (3) can have a projection to be combined with a wear element (1), as in Figures 16 to 18, or several projections to be combined with several wear elements ( 1) at the same time, as in Figures 20 and 21.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema de protección del cazo de una máquina de movimiento de tierras o similar del tipo que comprende: - al menos un elemento adaptador fijado por un extremo a Ia cuchilla del cazo y por el extremo opuesto se acopla a través de una nariz o saliente a al menos un elemento de desgaste dotado de una cavidad para alojar Ia nariz o saliente del elemento adaptador, - y un sistema de sujeción para el acoplamiento entre el elemento adaptador y el elemento de desgaste, - disponiendo el elemento de desgaste de una pala superior y una pala inferior, y caracterizado porque al menos una de las palas se extiende sobre el adaptador hasta alcanzar Ia superficie de Ia cuchilla, donde se apoya.1. Dipper protection system of a earthmoving machine or similar of the type comprising: - at least one adapter element fixed by one end to the dipper blade and by the opposite end is coupled through a nose or projection to at least one wear element provided with a cavity to accommodate the nose or projection of the adapter element, - and a fastening system for coupling between the adapter element and the wear element, - the wear element having an upper blade and a lower blade, and characterized in that at least one of the blades extends over the adapter until reaching the surface of the blade, where it rests.
2. Sistema, según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque Ia pala inferior se extiende por debajo del adaptador hasta alcanzar Ia superficie inferior de Ia cuchilla, donde se apoya.2. System, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower blade extends below the adapter until reaching the lower surface of the blade, where it rests.
3. Sistema, según reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque Ia cara inferior de Ia cuchilla dispone de una placa de sujeción de Ia pala inferior del elemento de desgaste.3. System, according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower face of the blade has a clamping plate of the lower blade of the wear element.
4. Sistema, según reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque el contacto entre Ia pala inferior del elemento de desgaste y Ia placa de sujeción se realiza a través de perfiles biselados complementarios del extremo posterior de Ia pala inferior y el extremo anterior de Ia placa de sujeción.4. System, according to claim 3, characterized in that the contact between the lower blade of the wear element and the clamping plate is made through complementary beveled profiles of the rear end of the lower blade and the front end of the clamping plate.
5. Sistema, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el elemento de desgaste esta provisto de al menos una oreja.5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear element is provided with at least one ear.
6. Sistema, según reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque Ia al menos una oreja del elemento de desgaste esta provisto de envolventes6. System, according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one ear of the wear element is provided with envelopes
7. Sistema, según reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque el elemento adaptador está provisto de cavidades que se conjugan con las envolventes del elemento de desgaste. 7. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the adapter element is provided with cavities that are conjugated with the envelopes of the wear element.
8. Sistema, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los adaptadores están provistos de de unos bloques de estabilización.System according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapters are provided with stabilization blocks.
9. Sistema, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los elementos de desgaste están provistos de unas cavidades para recibir los bloques de estabilización de los adaptadores.9. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear elements are provided with cavities for receiving the stabilization blocks of the adapters.
10. Sistema, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los elementos de desgaste y los elementos adaptadores están provistos de unas ranuras y unas guías que permiten acoplarse entre si.10. System, according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear elements and the adapter elements are provided with grooves and guides that allow them to engage with each other.
11. Elemento de desgaste, del tipo compuesto por una zona frontal de desgaste y una zona posterior de acoplamiento a un elemento adaptador caracterizado porque Ia zona de acoplamiento comprende:11. Wear element, of the type consisting of a front wear zone and a rear coupling zone to an adapter element characterized in that the coupling zone comprises:
- una pala superior y una pala inferior, - una cavidad dispuesta entre ambas palas para recibir un saliente de un elemento adaptador,- an upper and a lower blade, - a cavity arranged between both blades to receive a projection of an adapter element,
- salientes a modo de orejas situados en las palas superior e inferior que disponen de envolventes que se conjugan con cavidades o ranuras en el elemento adaptador, y- projections as ears located on the upper and lower blades that have envelopes that are conjugated with cavities or grooves in the adapter element, and
- medios para recibir un sistema de sujeción.- means to receive a fastening system.
12. Elemento de desgaste, según Ia reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque Ia pala inferior es de mayor longitud que Ia pala inferior.12. Wear element according to claim 11, characterized in that the lower blade is longer than the lower blade.
13. Elemento de desgaste, según Ia reivindicación 11 , caracterizado porque dispone en uno de sus laterales de una ranura lateral y en el lateral opuesto de un saliente lateral para su acoplamiento con otros elementos de desgaste.13. Wear element according to claim 11, characterized in that it has on one of its sides a lateral groove and on the opposite side of a lateral projection for coupling with other wear elements.
14. Elemento de desgaste, según Ia reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el perfil posterior de Ia pala inferior está biselado.14. Wear element according to claim 11, characterized in that the rear profile of the lower blade is chamfered.
15. Elemento de desgaste, según Ia reivindicación 11 , caracterizado porque el perfil posterior de Ia pala inferior presenta al menos un entrante en su perfil posterior para su acoplamiento con una placa de sujeción dispuesta en Ia cuchilla del cazo. 15. Wear element, according to claim 11, characterized in that the rear profile of the lower blade has at least one recess in its rear profile for coupling with a clamping plate disposed in the dipper blade.
16. Elemento de desgaste, según Ia reivindicación 11 , caracterizado porque esta provisto de una cavidad para recibir un bloque de estabilización situado en un elemento adaptador.16. Wear element according to claim 11, characterized in that it is provided with a cavity for receiving a stabilization block located in an adapter element.
17. Elemento adaptador, del tipo compuesto por una zona frontal de acoplamiento y una zona posterior de fijación a una cuchilla de un cazo caracterizado porque Ia zona de acoplamiento comprende:17. Adapter element, of the type composed of a front coupling area and a rear fixing area to a blade of a bucket characterized in that the coupling zone comprises:
- un cuerpo principal con una superficie superior y una superficie inferior que presentan cavidades para acoplarse a las envolventes de un elemento de desgaste, - un saliente o nariz dispuesto entre ambas superficies superior e inferior para introducirse en Ia cavidad de un elemento de desgaste,- a main body with an upper surface and a lower surface having cavities to engage the envelopes of a wear element, - a projection or nose disposed between both upper and lower surfaces to be introduced into the cavity of a wear element,
- al menos un bloque de estabilización, y- at least one stabilization block, and
- medios para recibir un sistema de sujeción.- means to receive a fastening system.
18. Placa de sujeción, para ser fijada en Ia superficie inferior de una cuchilla o cazo, caracterizada porque presenta su perfil anterior biselado para su acoplamiento con una pala de un elemento de desgaste.18. Clamping plate, to be fixed on the lower surface of a blade or bucket, characterized in that it has its beveled front profile for coupling with a blade of a wear element.
19. Placa de sujeción, según reivindicación 18, caracterizado porque presenta al menos un saliente en su perfil anterior para su acoplamiento con una pala de un elemento de desgaste.19. Clamping plate according to claim 18, characterized in that it has at least one projection in its anterior profile for coupling with a blade of a wear element.
20. Placa de sujeción, según reivindicación 18, caracterizada porque presenta un agujero pasante para soldar Ia placa al cazo. 20. Clamping plate according to claim 18, characterized in that it has a through hole for welding the plate to the bucket.
PCT/ES2008/000670 2008-10-29 2008-10-29 System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components WO2010049546A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2008/000670 WO2010049546A1 (en) 2008-10-29 2008-10-29 System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components
CL2009002007A CL2009002007A1 (en) 2008-10-29 2009-10-29 Protection system for the bucket of an earthmoving machine, comprises an adapter element fixed at one end to the bucket blade and at the other end it is coupled with a nose to a wear element with upper and lower blades and one extends up to the blade; fastening element; and plate.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2008/000670 WO2010049546A1 (en) 2008-10-29 2008-10-29 System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010049546A1 true WO2010049546A1 (en) 2010-05-06

Family

ID=42128287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2008/000670 WO2010049546A1 (en) 2008-10-29 2008-10-29 System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CL (1) CL2009002007A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010049546A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013055597A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 Caterpillar Inc. Ground engaging implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US9359745B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2016-06-07 Caterpillar Inc. Bucket edge protection system
US9963853B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-05-08 Esco Corporation Lip for excavating bucket
US10205108B2 (en) 2012-09-13 2019-02-12 Cambridge Display Technology Limited Compound

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5412885A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-05-09 Caterpillar Inc. Bucket base edge protector assembly
US20040098886A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-05-27 Hohmann Robert A. Base edge protection system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5412885A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-05-09 Caterpillar Inc. Bucket base edge protector assembly
US20040098886A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-05-27 Hohmann Robert A. Base edge protection system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013055597A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 Caterpillar Inc. Ground engaging implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
CN104066899A (en) * 2011-10-10 2014-09-24 卡特彼勒公司 Ground engaging implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US8943716B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2015-02-03 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
CN104066899B (en) * 2011-10-10 2016-05-25 卡特彼勒公司 A kind of ground engagement tip of tooth assembly of the base edge for ground engagement instrument
AU2012321133B2 (en) * 2011-10-10 2016-09-29 Caterpillar Inc. Ground engaging implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US9546471B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2017-01-17 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US10060100B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2018-08-28 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US9963853B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-05-08 Esco Corporation Lip for excavating bucket
US10774499B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2020-09-15 Esco Group Llc Lip for excavating bucket
US10205108B2 (en) 2012-09-13 2019-02-12 Cambridge Display Technology Limited Compound
US9359745B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2016-06-07 Caterpillar Inc. Bucket edge protection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2009002007A1 (en) 2010-10-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2738381T3 (en) Protector retention system consisting of a replaceable projection insert
ES2358627T3 (en) WEAR SET AND LOCK SYSTEM FOR EXCAVATOR SHOVEL.
ES2951636T3 (en) Wearable assembly
CA1237742A (en) Attachment assembly for excavating teeth
US11427991B2 (en) Female part, retaining device and pin system for excavators and the like
ES2445641T3 (en) Ground attack tool system
ES2219017T3 (en) DEVICE FOR THE COUPLING OF EXCAVATOR TEETH.
ES2226925T3 (en) IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SETS OF TOOTHING MACHINES OF LAND MOVEMENT
ES2736798T3 (en) Wear part device for a work tool
ES2774153T3 (en) Coupling system of a wear element to an adapter for excavators and similar machines, as well as components thereof
KR100590781B1 (en) Tooth carrier for being connected to a machine for moving materials like earth and stones
ES2334560T3 (en) SET AND LOCK METHOD.
PT1710358E (en) Wear assembly and components thereof, which is intended for machines that are used to move materials such as earth and stones
ES2905218T3 (en) System to retain a wear element in a bucket
JP4671964B2 (en) Drilled teeth with wings
ES2786653T3 (en) Machine bucket lip
WO2013004858A1 (en) Retention device, system for retention between a female component and a male component, and female and male component for excavator machines and the like
BRPI0709884B1 (en) WEAR ELEMENT FOR FIXING IN AN EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT
ES2786223T3 (en) A front structure of a locking device for a wear element of an earth moving machine
BR112019012200A2 (en) implement ground engagement tip assembly that has a tapered retaining channel tip
BRPI0409899B1 (en) “Wear element and wear assembly for attachment to one edge of a digging bucket”
WO2010049546A1 (en) System for protecting the scoop of an earth-moving machine or the like and components
ES2778081T3 (en) High performance utensil wear element
BR112021014508A2 (en) WEAR SET FOR EARTH PLANNING EQUIPMENT
EP1939362A1 (en) Work tool having a releasable tooth

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08877671

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08877671

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1