WO2010048167A2 - Dispositifs de nettoyage de trou de forage - Google Patents

Dispositifs de nettoyage de trou de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010048167A2
WO2010048167A2 PCT/US2009/061305 US2009061305W WO2010048167A2 WO 2010048167 A2 WO2010048167 A2 WO 2010048167A2 US 2009061305 W US2009061305 W US 2009061305W WO 2010048167 A2 WO2010048167 A2 WO 2010048167A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleaning device
bearing
wellbore
shaft portion
cleaning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/061305
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010048167A3 (fr
Inventor
Lisa Posevina
Gregory Hern
Paul Connell
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Incorporated filed Critical Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority to CA2741184A priority Critical patent/CA2741184A1/fr
Priority to AU2009307712A priority patent/AU2009307712A1/en
Priority to GB1106680A priority patent/GB2476758A/en
Publication of WO2010048167A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010048167A2/fr
Publication of WO2010048167A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010048167A3/fr
Priority to NO20110726A priority patent/NO20110726A1/no

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • E21B37/02Scrapers specially adapted therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1057Centralising devices with rollers or with a relatively rotating sleeve
    • E21B17/1064Pipes or rods with a relatively rotating sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to systems and methods for cleaning the interior of tubular members, In particular aspects, the invention relates to methods and devices for 5 scraping wellbore casing.
  • Wellbore cleaning devices include casing scrapers and brushing devices. These mechanisms are used to remove mud, cement sheath, perforation burrs, rust, scale, i o paraffin, and other debris from the internal surface of wellbore casing.
  • the casing scraper or brush is typically attached to a drill st ⁇ ng for operation. The drill string and cleaning device are then disposed within the casing members to be scraped, and rotated.
  • Typical casing scrapers include a central scraping body and one or more scraping blades that extend radially outwardly therefrom. Conventional casing scrapers generally
  • the invention provides methods and devices for cleaning the interior of tubular members, such as casing members.
  • Exemplary non-rotating tubular cleaning devices are described which include a central tool mandrel with radially surrounding stabilizers and a cleaning member subassembly.
  • the cleaning member subassembly includes one or more scraper blades that are secured around the tool mandrel.
  • a scraper device is described wherein each scraper blade of a scraper blade subassembly includes a blade housing having blade windows. Scraper blades are retained within the blade housing so that the scraper blades are biased radially outwardly through the windows.
  • a brush-type wellbore cleaning device wherein the cleaning member subassembly includes a brush attachment having a central collar with cleaning bristles.
  • a rotation interface is disposed between the cleaning member subassembly and stabilizers and ensures that the stabilizers and cleaning members can rotate with respect to the mandrel.
  • the interface includes sets of rotational bearings or bushings, and preferably roller bearings that enable the cleaning member subassembly to easily rotate with respect to the tool mandrel.
  • Exemplary rotation interfaces feature annular indentations and split ring and split sleeve components that fit into the indentations to allow portions of the rotation interface to be recessed radially inwardly.
  • the construction of the cleaning devices permit these tools to have improved strength and resistance to axial and torsional forces within the work string within which the cleaning device is used.
  • the threaded connection of the tool mandrel largely governs the strength of the tool overall.
  • the use of annular indentations and inner bearing race and rotational sleeve components permits the diameter of the threaded portion of the tool mandrel to be radially enlarged relative to the indentations. As a result, the cleaning tools are stronger and more resistant to axial and torsional stresses and forces.
  • the invention relates to improved tools for cleaning the interior of a surrounding tubular and wherein the rotation interface permits the central mandrel to rotate within the cleaning members.
  • the cleaning members may be scraper blades or brushes.
  • Figures 1A-1C are a side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary scraper device constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side, external view of the scraper device shown in Figures 1A-1C.
  • Figure 3 is a side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary split sleeve used in the scraper device of Figures 1A-1C and 2, shown apart from the other components.
  • Figure 4 is an axial cross-section taken along the lines 4-4 in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary spacer used in the scraper device of Figures 1A-1C and 2, shown apart from the other components
  • Figure 6 is an axial cross-section taken along the lines 6-6 in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary scraper blade sleeve used in the scraper device of Figures 1A-1C and 2, shown apart from the other components.
  • Figure 8 is an axial cross-section taken along lines 8-8 in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a further enlarged view of lower portions of the scraper device shown in Figures 1A-1C and 2.
  • Figure 10 is an isometric view of an exemplary scraper blade used with the scraper device of Figures 1 A-1 C and 2, shown apart from other components of the scraper device.
  • Figure 11 is an end view of the scraper blade shown in Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 12-12 in Figure 11.
  • Figure 13 is an isometric detail view of an exemplary inner bearing race used with the scraper device shown in Figures 1A-1C and 2.
  • Figure 14 is an isometric view of an exemplary bearing used with the scraper device shown in Figures 1A-1C and 2.
  • Figures 15A-15C present a side, cross-sectional view of an exemplary cleaning device in accordance with the present invention and incorporating a brush-type cleaning assembly.
  • Figure 16 is an axial cross-section taken along lines 16-16 in Figure 15A.
  • the first cleaning device is in the form of an exemplary tubular scraper device or tool 10 that is useful for incorporation into a wellbore work string and disposed within a wellbore.
  • the scraper device 10 includes a generally cylindrical tool mandrel, generally indicated at 12.
  • the tool mandrel 12 defines a central flowbore 14 along its length.
  • the upper end of the tool mandrel 12 preferably includes a box-type threaded connection 16 so that the scraper device 10 may be secured to other portions of a wellbore work string (not shown). As shown in Figure 1 C 1 the lower end of the tool mandrel 12 is secured by a threaded connection 18 to a bottom sub 20.
  • the tool mandrel 12 presents an outer radial surface having a number of different diameter portions.
  • the lower shaft 24 includes a plurality of annular indentations 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38 which are preferably spaced apart from one another along the length of the lower shaft 24.
  • the indentations 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38 have a diameter that is less than the diameter of the lower shaft 24.
  • An upper wear ring 40 surrounds the lower shaft 24 immediately below the upper enlarged diameter portion 22.
  • An upper stabilizer 42 surrounds the lower shaft 24 below the wear ring 40.
  • a cleaning member subassembly or scraper blade subassembly, generally indicated at 44, is located below the upper stabilizer 42 on the lower shaft 24.
  • Lower stabilizer 46 surrounds the lower shaft 24 below the scraper blade subassembly 44.
  • the upper and lower stabilizers 42, 46 are of a type known in the art and function to centralize the scraper blade subassembly 44 within a surrounding casing member.
  • the scraper blade subassembly 44 includes an outer tubular cleaning member housing, or blade housing 50 which radially surrounds the lower shaft 24 of the tool mandrel 12.
  • the blade housing 50 defines a plurality of cleaning member windows, or blade windows 52.
  • the construction of the blade housing 50 may be better understood by further reference to Figures 7 and 8, which show the blade housing 50 apart from the other components of the scraper device 10.
  • the blade housing 50 includes a central axial bore 54 along its longitudinal length.
  • the bore 54 includes an upper, enlarged diameter bearing chamber 56 and a reduced diameter engagement section 58.
  • the bearing chamber 56 has a smooth, cylindrical shape.
  • the engagement section 58 preferably includes a plurality of radially inwardly directed engagement flats 60.
  • Figure 8 shows the engagement section 58 having a hexagonal shape which provides six flats 60.
  • other suitable cross-sectional shapes may also be used (i.e., pentagon, square), and there may be more or fewer than six engagement flats 60.
  • the bore 54 of the blade housing 50 also includes two radially-enlarged blade chambers 62 and 64 which are separated by a radially inwardly-projecting annular flange 66.
  • the blade chambers 62, 64 contain the blade windows 52.
  • the bore 54 of the blade housing 50 contains a lower, enlarged diameter bearing chamber 68.
  • FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary scraper blade 70.
  • Each scraper blade 70 includes a blade body 72 which presents radially outward-facing scraping surfaces 74.
  • the radially interior face 76 of the scraper body 72 is radially curved to generally match the curvature of the tool mandrel 12.
  • a spring-retaining recess 78 is formed within the interior face 76 (see Figure 12).
  • Retaining flanges 80 extend laterally outwardly from the blade body 72.
  • Compression springs 82 reside within the spring- retaining recess 78 of each blade 70 and bias the scraper blade 70 radially outwardly from the tool mandrel 12.
  • the configuration of the compression springs 82 are adapted to allow for the exertion of a symmetrical force between the scraper blade 70 and rotation sleeve 104.
  • a rotation interface is disposed radially between the lower shaft 24 and the surrounding stabilizers 42, 46 and scraper blade subassembly 44.
  • the rotation interface 84 allows the stabilizers 42, 46 and the scraper blade subassembly 44 to rotate freely around the lower shaft 24.
  • the rotation interface 84 includes a plurality of rotational bearings that are in the form of roller bearing sets 86. In the exemplary embodiment depicted in Figures 1A- 1C, there are six roller bearing sets 86. However, there may be more or fewer than six sets.
  • Each of the roller bearing sets 86 is made up of an inner bearing race 88, an outer bearing race 90, and a plurality of rollers 92 that are disposed in between the inner and outer bearing races 88, 90.
  • a bushing may be used in place of outer bearing race 90, rollers 92 and spacer 116.
  • the rollers 92 are preferably cylindrically shaped members, as illustrated in Figure 14. However, spherical roller bearings might also be used.
  • the inner bearing race 88 of each roller bearing set 86 is preferably made up of two halves 94, 96, as illustrated in Figure 13.
  • an inner bearing race 88 could also be made up of three or more separate race portions which could be assembled within an indentation 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, or 38 to make up a complete annular bearing race.
  • roller bearing set 86 When the roller bearing set 86 is assembled, the rollers 92 will rotate upon the outer radial surface 98 of the inner bearing race 88 and, due to rolling contact of the rollers 92 with both the inner and outer bearing races 88, 90, the bearing races 88, 90 will easily rotate with respect to one another.
  • the outer bearing races 90 of the roller bearing sets 86 are in contact with, and preferably secured to portions of either the scraper blade subassembly
  • Figure 9 shows, for example, that the outer bearing race 90 of the roller bearing set 86 that is mounted within indentation 34 is in contact with the surrounding scraper blade housing 50 and is secured in place against the scraper blade housing 50 by spacers 116 on each axial side. As a result, the scraper blade housing 50 will rotate about the tool mandrel 12 with the outer bearing race 90. Similarly, the outer bearing races 90 of the roller bearing sets 86 that are located in indentations 36 and 38 are in contact with the lower stabilizer 46 so that the lower stabilizer 46 will rotate about the tool mandrel 12 with those outer bearing races 90.
  • Alternative cleaning elements may be used in place of scraper blades 70, such as magnets or brushes.
  • FIGS 15A-15C and 16 depict an alternative exemplary cleaning tool 10' configured with an alternative cleaning member.
  • the cleaning member of the cleaning tool 10' is in the form of a brush 101 wherein cleaning brush bristles extend radially outwardly from a central collar.
  • the rotation interface includes bearing races 88, which are disposed between the mandrel 12 and the brush 101.
  • the rotation interface 84 also includes a split rotation sleeve 104 which underlies scraper blades 70 of the scraper device 10.
  • An exemplary rotation sleeve 104 is depicted in detail in Figures 3 and 4 wherein it can be seen that the sleeve 104 is preferably made up of two sleeve halves 106, 108. If desired, there may be more than two sleeve halves 106, 108 which can be assembled about the lower shaft 24 to form a complete or substantially complete annular sleeve 104.
  • the rotation sleeve 104 preferably presents a smooth cylindrical outer radial surface 110 along most of its length.
  • One axial end of the rotation sleeve 104 includes an outer interengagement surface 112 that presents engagement flats 114.
  • engagement flats 114 In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4, there are six engagement flats 114. However, there may be more or fewer than six, if desired.
  • the interengagement surfaces 112, 58 may comprise teeth as opposed to engagement flats, so long as both surfaces are complimentary to one another.
  • the engagement flats 114 of the split sleeve 104 are shaped and sized to abut the engagement flats 60 of the blade housing 50.
  • rotation sleeve 104 halves 106, 108 are placed radially around the shaft portion 24 of the tool mandrel 12, and will readily rotate about the mandrel 12.
  • spacer rings 116 are located between roller bearing sets 86 under the stabilizers 42, 46.
  • the spacer rings 116 serve to retain the roller bearing sets 86 in axial spaced relation to one another.
  • Figures 5 and 6 illustrate an exemplary spacer ring 116 apart from the other components of the scraper device 10.
  • roller bearing sets 86 are preferably abutted by elastomeric lip seals 122 of a type known in the art for creating a fluid seal against the bearing set 86.
  • the lip seals 122 will drag on the shaft portion 24 of the tool mandrel 12 to prevent the scraper blade subassembly 44 and stabilizers 42, 46 from floating freely with respect to the tool mandrel 12.
  • the retaining ring 124 and spacer 116 mechanically secure the roller bearing set 86 in place axially.
  • the fluid seal 122 prevents or limits the escape of lubricant from the bearing set 86.
  • the roller bearing sets 86 may be replaced by an annular bushing.
  • Removable pipe plugs 130 are preferably provided in each of the stabilizers 42, 46 and the blade housing 50.
  • the pipe plugs 130 are preferably removably secured by threading and may be removed to allow lubricant to be supplied to the roller bearing sets 86.
  • the inner bearing races 88 for each of the roller bearing sets 86 are placed into the indentations 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 38. This is possible because the inner bearing races 88 are each formed of multiple components (i.e. halves 94, 96) which can be assembled within the indentations to form a complete annular bearing race 88.
  • Stabilizers are preassembled with lip seals 122, outer bearing races 90 with rollers 92, spacer ring 116 and retaining ring 124.
  • the upper stabilizer 42 is slid onto the shaft 24 to a position wherein it abuts the upper wear ring 40.
  • Springs 82 are installed in spring retaining recesses 78. Spacer 116, lip seals 122 and outer bearing race 90 with rollers or annular bushing 92 for blade housing 50 are slid onto shaft 24. The rotation
  • I O sleeve 104 is assembled around the shaft 24 in indentation 32.
  • the scraper blades 70 are disposed into the windows 52 of the blade housing 50. Thereafter, the blades 70, springs 82, and blade housing 50 are slid onto the shaft 24.
  • the engagement section 58 of the blade housing 50 is positioned onto the outer surface 112 of the rotation sleeve 104 so that the engagement flats 114 of the split sleeve 104 are interengaged with the engagement flats 60 of the blade housing 50. As a result of this interengagement, the blade housing 50 and split sleeve 104 will rotate as one about the shaft 24 of the tool mandrel 12.
  • Spacer 116, lip seals 122, and outer bearing race 90 with roller 92 are slid onto shaft 24, and pushed inside of blade housing 50.
  • the lower stabilizer assembly 46 is then slid onto the shaft 24. Thereafter, the wear ring 48 and bottom sub 20 are secured to the shaft 24.
  • the rotation interface 84 permits the stabilizers 42, 46 and the scraper blade subassembly 44 to rotate freely about the tool mandrel 12.
  • the internal diameters of the stabilizers 42, 46 and the blade housing 50 are slightly larger than the external diameter of the threaded portion 18 of the tool mandrel shaft 24.
  • the internal diameters of the split bearing races 88 are smaller than the diameter of the threaded portion 18.
  • split bearing races 88 reduces the amount of wear and frictional heat sustained on the surface of the mandrel 12, when compared to the amount of wear and frictional heat a person of ordinary skill in the art would expect to occur if the stabilizers 42, 46 and blade housing 50 were allowed to rotate on the surface of the mandrel 12, by allowing for rotation about the split bearing races 88.
  • the outer diameter D1 of each of the indentations is less than the outer diameter D2 of the shaft 24 at the point where the threaded connection 18 begins.
  • Diameter D2 is essentially the diameter of the shaft portion 24 where there are no
  • I l indentations 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38 The inventors have determined that the strength of a scraper device within a work string and its resistance to damage from axial and torsional stresses is largely a function of the strength of the threaded connection 18.
  • the provision of split inner bearing races 88 and rotation sleeve 104, which reside in a radially recessed manner within the indentations 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38, allows the threaded connection portion 18 of the shaft portion 24 to be provided with a larger diameter, thereby increasing the strength of the connection to bottom sub 20, the overall strength of the tool 10 and the resistance to damage from applied forces within a wellbore.
  • the threaded connection 18 substantially approximates full gauge (D2) while at least a portion of the rotational interface is disposed upon the shaft portion 24 radially within the full gauge diameter D2 by being recessed at less than full gauge (to the depth D1 of the indentations 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs de nettoyage de trou de forage tubulaires non rotatifs, comprenant un mandrin-outil central présentant des stabilisateurs qui l'entourent radialement et un sous-ensemble d'élément de nettoyage. Un palier rotatif est prévu et est partiellement évidé radialement, améliorant de ce fait la solidité globale du dispositif de nettoyage.
PCT/US2009/061305 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Dispositifs de nettoyage de trou de forage WO2010048167A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2741184A CA2741184A1 (fr) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Dispositifs de nettoyage de trou de forage
AU2009307712A AU2009307712A1 (en) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Wellbore cleaning devices
GB1106680A GB2476758A (en) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Wellbore cleaning devices
NO20110726A NO20110726A1 (no) 2008-10-20 2011-05-16 Renseenheter for bronnboring

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10667408P 2008-10-20 2008-10-20
US61/106,674 2008-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010048167A2 true WO2010048167A2 (fr) 2010-04-29
WO2010048167A3 WO2010048167A3 (fr) 2010-06-24

Family

ID=42119937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/061305 WO2010048167A2 (fr) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Dispositifs de nettoyage de trou de forage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2009307712A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2741184A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2476758A (fr)
NO (1) NO20110726A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010048167A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2499953A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-09-04 Field Marshall Oil And Gas Technologies Ltd Cleaning tool having a non-rotating stabiliser / centraliser
CN104141464A (zh) * 2014-07-28 2014-11-12 东北石油大学 水平井用井眼清洁工具
GB2538742A (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-11-30 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd Downhole milling tool
CN106194111A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-07 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 井下套管钢丝刮壁器
US10526871B2 (en) 2014-04-02 2020-01-07 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd. Downhole cleaning apparatus
US11655691B2 (en) 2018-02-12 2023-05-23 Odfjell Technology Invest Ltd Downhole cleaning apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010022223A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-09-20 Howlett Paul David Downhole cleaning tool with shear clutch
US20040007355A1 (en) * 2002-03-13 2004-01-15 Hern Gregory Lee Convertible tubular scraper
US7096950B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2006-08-29 Specialised Petroleum Services Group Limited Combined milling and scraping tool

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010022223A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-09-20 Howlett Paul David Downhole cleaning tool with shear clutch
US7096950B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2006-08-29 Specialised Petroleum Services Group Limited Combined milling and scraping tool
US20040007355A1 (en) * 2002-03-13 2004-01-15 Hern Gregory Lee Convertible tubular scraper

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2499953A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-09-04 Field Marshall Oil And Gas Technologies Ltd Cleaning tool having a non-rotating stabiliser / centraliser
GB2499953B (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-01 Field Marshall Oil And Gas Technologies Ltd Apparatus and method for cleaning a well bore tubular
US10526871B2 (en) 2014-04-02 2020-01-07 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd. Downhole cleaning apparatus
US11174707B2 (en) 2014-04-02 2021-11-16 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd. Downhole cleaning apparatus
CN104141464A (zh) * 2014-07-28 2014-11-12 东北石油大学 水平井用井眼清洁工具
CN104141464B (zh) * 2014-07-28 2016-06-22 东北石油大学 水平井用井眼清洁工具
GB2538742A (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-11-30 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd Downhole milling tool
US10648289B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2020-05-12 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd Downhole milling tool
GB2538742B (en) * 2015-05-27 2021-05-12 Odfjell Partners Invest Ltd Downhole milling tool
CN106194111A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-07 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 井下套管钢丝刮壁器
CN106194111B (zh) * 2016-08-30 2019-02-15 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 井下套管钢丝刮壁器
US11655691B2 (en) 2018-02-12 2023-05-23 Odfjell Technology Invest Ltd Downhole cleaning apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010048167A3 (fr) 2010-06-24
NO20110726A1 (no) 2011-06-27
AU2009307712A1 (en) 2010-04-29
GB201106680D0 (en) 2011-06-01
GB2476758A (en) 2011-07-06
CA2741184A1 (fr) 2010-04-29

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