WO2010041945A2 - Soudage par friction-malaxage au moyen d’un matériau d’alimentation chauffé - Google Patents

Soudage par friction-malaxage au moyen d’un matériau d’alimentation chauffé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010041945A2
WO2010041945A2 PCT/NL2009/050612 NL2009050612W WO2010041945A2 WO 2010041945 A2 WO2010041945 A2 WO 2010041945A2 NL 2009050612 W NL2009050612 W NL 2009050612W WO 2010041945 A2 WO2010041945 A2 WO 2010041945A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shoulder
supply material
tool
supply
holder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2009/050612
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010041945A3 (fr
Inventor
Teunis Cornelis Bor
Laurent Louis Warnet
Original Assignee
Stichting Materials Innovation Institute (M2I)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL2002083A external-priority patent/NL2002083C/nl
Priority claimed from NL2002084A external-priority patent/NL2002084C/nl
Application filed by Stichting Materials Innovation Institute (M2I) filed Critical Stichting Materials Innovation Institute (M2I)
Publication of WO2010041945A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010041945A2/fr
Publication of WO2010041945A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010041945A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/1215—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/128—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding making use of additional material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for friction stir welding according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • a device of this type is known from EP 1 510 280 Al, in which a friction shoulder is provided with a central passage through which a consumable pin can be moved. After contact with the surface to be machined, this pin is melted. Pressure may be applied to the pin from the back.
  • US 2003/0042292 discloses a friction stir welding device which operates with a wire supply.
  • a device for preheating the supply material is present at a certain distance from the actual friction stir welding device, that is to say the construction with the friction shoulder and rotation mechanism.
  • Friction stir welding is possible both with the supply of material and without the supply of material.
  • the former case gives rise to the problem that the rotating construction consisting of the shoulder and hollow supply pin has to deliver material which generally originates from a stationary source. In this way, it is necessary to apply in some manner a rotational movement to the material or to uncouple the rotational movement of the rotating shoulder with the hollow pin from the displacement of the supply material.
  • Friction stir welding with the supply of material is used for example for attaching protective layers.
  • the surrounding material may or may not be welded using the same method.
  • the heating of the supply material to the desired deformability is also carried out using frictional heat.
  • the additional frictional heat that is necessary for this purpose means that the shoulder in its entirety must be brought to a higher temperature, necessitating either a larger area of friction with the workpiece or more intensive friction. In both cases, the area of the workpiece parts that is heated or the degree of heating of the material of the workpiece is increased.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device allowing the structure of the material that is deposited by friction stir welding to be improved.
  • the holder is both provided with the pressure application means and comprises a heating vessel allows material to be added with sufficient force to the friction stir welding at elevated temperature.
  • the temperature can be elevated only to a limited degree because otherwise it is not possible to exert sufficient force on the wire used there in order to allow the wire to participate in the friction stir welding process.
  • the material to soften, "upstream" of the application of pressure as a result of the elevating of the temperature, such transportation of material can be carried out at elevated temperature. This makes it possible to improve the thermal conditions, as the added material issues from the tool, in such a way as to produce a more fine structure of the deposited material, allowing the mechanical properties thereof to be significantly improved.
  • the rotatable attaching of the holder which is provided with pressure application means for pressing out the content thereof, which is attached in a rotating manner, allows a compact, reliable construction to be obtained.
  • the supply material is preheated before it is brought into/onto the workpiece.
  • This preheating is carried out by a separate heater, i.e. the heat necessary for preheating the supply material does not (in part) originate from the heat generated by friction.
  • the heat generated by friction may be used exclusively for locally bringing the workpiece to the correct operating temperature.
  • sufficient heat is present in the supply material, for example in the soft and/or kneadable state, heat can be supplied to the weld even using this external heating.
  • the supply material will have properties making it suitable for extrusion from the holder.
  • the shoulder is provided with a pin which is attached at the centre thereof, protrudes therefrom, is hollow in its embodiment and through which supply material is (also) passed.
  • the shoulder with a number of passages which may be formed, for example, in a circle, supply material being passed in each case via each of the passages. It is also possible to provide in the shoulder a single passage which is not formed at the centre thereof.
  • a combination of elevated temperature and elevated pressure is used to bring the supply material into the operating region. More particularly, the supply material is moved out of the cavity in the shoulder or pin with hydraulic pressure.
  • the temperature and pressure are selected in such a way that material is extruded through the hollow pin or cavity in the shoulder.
  • the holder which is located above said supply passage in the hollow pin, is embodied as a melting vessel and a pressure is exerted (hydraulically) on the melting bath from above.
  • the storage material that has to be supplied originates from this vessel, so that complicated constructions, in which either the supply material must be made to rotate or the rotating movement of the shoulder must be separated from that of the supply material, may be dispensed with.
  • air or another gas may be used instead of a hydraulic fluid.
  • pressure has to be applied hydraulically, it is easily possible to proceed from a stationary piston/cylinder combination and, for example, to isolate, as far as rotation is concerned, the piston from the device described hereinbefore via a bearing, which is axially loaded, pressure being applied to the supply material.
  • the supply material may be heated in any conceivable manner.
  • the simplest heater is an electrical resistance heater which rotates with the device.
  • Other designs using the rotation of the holder containing the supply material may also be applied.
  • the invention also relates to the processing by friction stir welding of two parts, including the generating, during the common boundary of said parts, of frictional heat by a shoulder, which rotates with respect to said two parts, at the adding of supply material through a passage which is formed in said shoulder and extends up to the processing region which is generated by said frictional heat, the supply material being preheated, using a separate heating, up to a temperature of at least 300 0 C during the moving through said passage prior to the entering at the boundary, hi this case, said machining of said parts may include both the connecting thereof and the attaching of a surface layer consisting of that supply material (a combination of both).
  • the invention relates to a device for friction stir welding comprising a rotatable tool with a friction shoulder, which comprises an internal channel for supplying a welding material, wherein welding material supply means are present, the opening of that internal channel being spaced, at the workpiece side, from the axis of rotation of that tool, the longitudinal axis of the mouth of that opening forming, at the workpiece side, an angle with the plane defined by the axis of rotation and a line perpendicular to said axis of rotation.
  • this angle is approximately 90°.
  • the mouth of the channel forms with the exit plane preferably an angle of from 0-45° and in particular 0- 20°. That is to say, if the supply material is attached to the workpiece at a distance from the axis of rotation of the friction shoulder, the opening of the internal channel describes a circular path and the axis of said opening lies in the extension of said circular path, that is to say, it is, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, tangential thereto.
  • the friction shoulder By rotating, in accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention, the friction shoulder in the appropriate direction, that is to say, in a direction wherein the more upstream part of the internal channel is positioned more upstream with respect to the axis of rotation during rotation, a tensile force or under pressure will be exerted on the deposited material, drawing or sucking the material out of the opening of the internal channel.
  • a tensile force or under pressure will be exerted on the deposited material, drawing or sucking the material out of the opening of the internal channel.
  • the device described hereinbefore, with particular orientation of the internal channel may be used both in combination with that which has been described hereinbefore, that is to say the subject-matter according to Claim 1, and independently thereof. In the latter case, no external pressure and/or temperature elevation will be used during the application of said external pressure.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partially exploded view of a detail of the tool according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3a-c are detailed views of a variant of the rotating shoulder.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes the device according to the present invention.
  • the device consists of a rotating tool 20 which is attached above a workpiece carrier 2 on which two sheet material parts to be joined together, such as sheet material parts made of an aluminium alloy, are located.
  • the tool 20 has a shoulder 4 (see Fig. 2) which is embodied to enter into contact with the upper surface of the sheet material parts during rotation thereof in the direction of arrow 19. This will generate frictional heat to an extent such that the end edges of the workpiece parts 3 become forgeable.
  • a resistance heater 8 is present and a piston 10 is located on the upper side of the chamber 9.
  • This piston 10 is connected to a piston rod 12 which is connected to the outgoing piston (not indicated in greater detail) of a hydraulic piston/cylinder combination 16 via a bearing 13.
  • a pressure, which in the drawings is a downward pressure, may be generated with lines 17, 18.
  • Attached around the piston rod 12 is a sleeve 11 which is provided with a gear wheel 14 which is in engagement with a gear wheel of a motor 15, allowing the sleeve to be rotated in the direction of arrow 19.
  • the tool 20 can be moved, in a manner not illustrated in greater detail, toward and away from the workpiece in the direction of arrow 21.
  • the chamber 9 is filled with supply material. Subsequently, the chamber 9 is closed by attaching the piston 10 and the heating element 8 is switched on. In the closed environment, the supply material in the chamber 9 is heated to at least 300 0 C and preferably to melting. However, it is also possible for the supply material to be in a plastic condition such that the material passes outward through the extrusion nozzle 5 as a result of the application of pressure on the piston 10. If the desired temperature has been reached, the tool 20 is brought onto the workpiece and the motor 15 is switched on and heat is generated at the site of the parts to be connected. If the desired operating level has been reached, material 6 is extruded from the hollow pin 5 for increasing the pressure via activation of lines 17, 18.
  • the welding process can be speeded up, the size of the heat affected zone being reduced and the structure of the weld may be influenced in a positive manner. Furthermore, concentrating the supply of material in the space above the hollow pin eliminates the need for the separate external supply of material; this promotes the simplicity and the operational safety of the device.
  • the supply material may both form part of the material of the connection of the two parts to be joined together and be attached as a separate layer to parts (coatings) which may or may not have to be joined together.
  • Fig. 3a-c are schematic, partially exploded views of a modified embodiment of the friction shoulder.
  • the friction shoulder is denoted in its entirety by reference numeral 36.
  • the friction shoulder may or may not, in the foregoing manner, be provided with a central pin.
  • the connection to the upper plate 37 is indicated highly schematically.
  • This variant differs from the embodiment described hereinbefore in that the channel of the supply wire is attached not centrically with respect to the direction of rotation 35 but more to the circumference of the friction shoulder. Furthermore, the passage 38 is formed at an inclination with respect to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 40. As a result of this positioning, pull is exerted from the surface to be machined onto the supply wire which moves through the channel 38; this further promotes transportation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour soudage par friction-malaxage. Un épaulement rotatif génère de la chaleur sur l’interface entre deux pièces à assembler, ledit matériau étant fourni à la région de connexion ainsi obtenue. L’invention propose également de fournir le matériau en-dessous d’une température  élevée, ce qui permet de limiter la quantité de chaleur de frottement. De ce fait, l’extension de la zone affectée par la chaleur reste limitée et la qualité de la connexion est améliorée. Selon une variante particulière de l’invention, un matériau fondu est placé sous pression et extrudé via une tige creuse au centre de l’épaulement dans un bain de fusion.
PCT/NL2009/050612 2008-10-10 2009-10-09 Soudage par friction-malaxage au moyen d’un matériau d’alimentation chauffé WO2010041945A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2002083A NL2002083C (nl) 2008-10-10 2008-10-10 Friction stir welding met verwarmd toevoermateriaal.
NL2002084 2008-10-10
NL2002083 2008-10-10
NL2002084A NL2002084C (nl) 2008-10-10 2008-10-10 Inrichting voor friction stir welding met toevoer van lasdraad.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010041945A2 true WO2010041945A2 (fr) 2010-04-15
WO2010041945A3 WO2010041945A3 (fr) 2010-07-08

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WO (1) WO2010041945A2 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010104278A (ja) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-13 Toyobo Co Ltd フルクトシルアミノ酸測定用酵素、およびその利用法
CN102284787A (zh) * 2011-07-11 2011-12-21 重庆大学 电加热摩擦点焊搅拌头及其焊接方法
CN103203588A (zh) * 2013-04-22 2013-07-17 赵冰 一种不规则钢部件的成形方法
CN106624346A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-10 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种液柱成型摩擦焊预热助焊方法及装置
WO2017194791A1 (fr) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 Hybond As Outil d'extrusion et de liage à l'état solide
CN110640294A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2020-01-03 沈阳航空航天大学 一种搅拌摩擦焊径向增材制造的装置与方法
CN113146021A (zh) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-23 东南大学 一种基于热丝摩擦微锻的增材制造装置及制造方法
CN114247982A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-29 张家港市海星集装箱制造有限公司 应用于集装箱侧围拼接的静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接装置及方法
CN115122042A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-09-30 南京航空航天大学 一种用于固相增材修复与再制造的预热装置及方法
US11788468B1 (en) 2023-01-26 2023-10-17 Rtx Corporation Engine case leakage mitigation heat exchanger

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030042292A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-06 Hatten Timothy E. Apparatus and method for friction stir welding using filler material
EP1510280A1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-02 General Electric Company Appareil et méthode de soudage par friction et agitation utilisant une broche consommable
US20070040006A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Material forming tool and method for forming a material
US20080006678A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2008-01-10 Packer Scott M Three-body joining using friction stir processing techniques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030042292A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-06 Hatten Timothy E. Apparatus and method for friction stir welding using filler material
EP1510280A1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-02 General Electric Company Appareil et méthode de soudage par friction et agitation utilisant une broche consommable
US20070040006A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Material forming tool and method for forming a material
US20080006678A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2008-01-10 Packer Scott M Three-body joining using friction stir processing techniques

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010104278A (ja) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-13 Toyobo Co Ltd フルクトシルアミノ酸測定用酵素、およびその利用法
CN102284787A (zh) * 2011-07-11 2011-12-21 重庆大学 电加热摩擦点焊搅拌头及其焊接方法
CN103203588A (zh) * 2013-04-22 2013-07-17 赵冰 一种不规则钢部件的成形方法
CN106624346A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-10 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种液柱成型摩擦焊预热助焊方法及装置
WO2017194791A1 (fr) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 Hybond As Outil d'extrusion et de liage à l'état solide
CN109414782A (zh) * 2016-05-13 2019-03-01 海邦得股份公司 固态挤出和结合方法
CN110640294A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2020-01-03 沈阳航空航天大学 一种搅拌摩擦焊径向增材制造的装置与方法
CN110640294B (zh) * 2019-09-26 2021-04-02 沈阳航空航天大学 一种搅拌摩擦焊径向增材制造的装置与方法
CN113146021A (zh) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-23 东南大学 一种基于热丝摩擦微锻的增材制造装置及制造方法
CN113146021B (zh) * 2021-04-12 2022-06-28 东南大学 一种基于热丝摩擦微锻的增材制造装置及制造方法
CN114247982A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-29 张家港市海星集装箱制造有限公司 应用于集装箱侧围拼接的静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接装置及方法
CN115122042A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-09-30 南京航空航天大学 一种用于固相增材修复与再制造的预热装置及方法
CN115122042B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2023-09-12 南京航空航天大学 一种用于固相增材修复与再制造的预热装置及方法
US11788468B1 (en) 2023-01-26 2023-10-17 Rtx Corporation Engine case leakage mitigation heat exchanger

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