WO2010036678A1 - Turbine dotée de mélangeurs et d'éjecteurs - Google Patents

Turbine dotée de mélangeurs et d'éjecteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010036678A1
WO2010036678A1 PCT/US2009/057973 US2009057973W WO2010036678A1 WO 2010036678 A1 WO2010036678 A1 WO 2010036678A1 US 2009057973 W US2009057973 W US 2009057973W WO 2010036678 A1 WO2010036678 A1 WO 2010036678A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid stream
turbine
shroud
mixer
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/057973
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010036678A8 (fr
Inventor
Walter M. Presz
Michael J. Werle
Original Assignee
Flodesign Wind Turbine Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2008/011015 external-priority patent/WO2009120176A2/fr
Application filed by Flodesign Wind Turbine Corporation filed Critical Flodesign Wind Turbine Corporation
Priority to CN200980146292.7A priority Critical patent/CN102216604B/zh
Priority to CA2738154A priority patent/CA2738154A1/fr
Priority to EP09816776A priority patent/EP2337947A1/fr
Priority to KR1020117009301A priority patent/KR20110093991A/ko
Publication of WO2010036678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010036678A1/fr
Publication of WO2010036678A8 publication Critical patent/WO2010036678A8/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to axial flow turbines, such as axial flow wind turbines and axial flow water turbines.
  • wind turbines usually contain a propeller-like device, termed the "rotor", which is faced into a moving air stream. As the air hits the rotor, the air produces a force on the rotor in such a manner as to cause the rotor to rotate about its center.
  • the rotor is connected to either an electricity generator or mechanical device through linkages such as gears, belts, chains or other means.
  • Such turbines are used for generating electricity and powering batteries. They are also used to drive rotating pumps and/or moving machine parts. It is very common to find wind turbines in large electricity generating "wind farms" containing multiple such turbines in a geometric pattern designed to allow maximum power extraction with minimal impact of each such turbine on one another and/or the surrounding environment.
  • Ejectors are well known and documented fluid jet pumps that draw flow into a system and thereby increase the flow rate through that system.
  • Mixer/ejectors are short compact versions of such jet pumps that are relatively insensitive to incoming flow conditions and have been used extensively in high speed jet propulsion applications involving flow velocities near or above the speed of sound. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,761 ,900 by Dr. Walter M. Presz, Jr, which also uses a mixer downstream to increase thrust while reducing noise from the discharge. Dr. Presz is a co-inventor in the present application.
  • a mixer/ejector wind or water turbine system (referenced herein as the
  • MEWT for generating power is disclosed that combines fluid dynamic ejector concepts, advanced flow mixing and control devices, and an adjustable power turbine.
  • the MEWT is an axial flow turbine comprising, in order going downstream: an aerodynamically contoured turbine shroud having an inlet; a ring of stators within the shroud; an impeller having a ring of impeller blades "in line" with the stators; a mixer, attached to the turbine shroud, having a ring of mixing lobes extending downstream beyond the impeller blades; and an ejector comprising the ring of mixing lobes and a mixing shroud extending downstream beyond the mixing lobes.
  • the turbine shroud, mixer and ejector are designed and arranged to draw the maximum amount of fluid (e.g.
  • the preferred MEWT contains a shroud with advanced flow mixing and control devices such as lobed or slotted mixers and/or one or more ejector pumps.
  • the mixer/ejector pump presented is much different than used in the aircraft industry since the high energy air flows into the ejector inlets, and outwardly surrounds, pumps and mixes with the low energy air exiting the turbine shroud.
  • the MEWT comprises: an axial flow turbine surrounded by an aerodynamically contoured turbine shroud incorporating mixing devices in its terminus region (i.e., an end portion of the turbine shroud) and a separate ejector duct overlapping but aft of said turbine shroud, which itself may incorporate advanced mixing devices in its terminus region.
  • the MEWT comprises: an axial flow turbine surrounded by an aerodynamically contoured turbine shroud incorporating mixing devices in its terminus region.
  • First-principles-based theoretical analysis of the preferred MEWT indicates that the MEWT can produce three or more time the power of its un- shrouded counterparts for the same frontal area, and increase the productivity, in the case of wind turbines, of wind farms by a factor of two or more.
  • the methods comprise providing a mixer shroud that divides incoming fluid into two fluid streams, one inside the mixer shroud and one outside the mixer shroud. Energy is extracted from the fluid stream passing inside the mixer shroud and through a turbine stage, resulting in a reduced- energy fluid stream.
  • the reduced-energy fluid stream is then mixed with the other fluid stream, to form a series of vortices that mixes the two fluid streams and causes a lower-pressure area to form downstream of the mixer shroud. This in turn causes additional fluid to flow through the turbine stage.
  • FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1 D labeled “Prior Art”, illustrate examples of prior turbines
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of Applicants' preferred MEWT embodiment, constructed in accordance with the present disclosure;
  • FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the preferred MEWT attached to a support tower;
  • FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of a preferred MEWT with portions broken away to show interior structure, such as a power takeoff in the form of a wheel-like structure attached to the impeller;
  • FIG. 5 is a front perspective view of just the stator, impeller, power takeoff, and support shaft from FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is an alternate embodiment of the preferred MEWT with a mixer/ejector pump having mixer lobes on the terminus regions (i.e., an end portion) of the ejector shroud;
  • FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the MEWT of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a close-up of a rotatable coupling (encircled in FIG. 7), for rotatably attaching the MEWT to a support tower, and a mechanical rotatable stator blade variation;
  • FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of an MEWT with a propeller-like rotor;
  • FIG. 10 is a rear perspective view of the MEWT of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 shows a rear plan view of the MEWT of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along sight line 12-12 of FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a front plan view of the MEWT of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 14 is a side cross-sectional view, taken along sight line 14-14 of
  • FIG. 13, showing two pivotable blockers for flow control
  • FIG. 15 is a close-up of an encircled blocker in FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an alternate embodiment of an MEWT with two optional pivoting wing-tabs for wind alignment
  • FIG. 17 is a side cross-sectional view of the MEWT of FIG. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is a front plan view of an alternate embodiment of the MEWT incorporating a two-stage ejector with mixing devices (here, a ring of slots) in the terminus regions of the turbine shroud (here, mixing lobes) and the ejector shroud;
  • mixing devices here, a ring of slots
  • FIG. 19 is a side cross-sectional view of the MEWT of FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a rear view of the MEWT of FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 21 is a front perspective view of the MEWT of FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 22 is a front perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the
  • MEWT incorporating a two-stage ejector with mixing lobes in the terminus regions of the turbine shroud and the ejector shroud;
  • FIG. 23 is a rear perspective view of the MEWT of FIG. 22;
  • FIG. 24 shows optional acoustic lining within the turbine shroud of FIG.
  • FIG. 25 shows a MEWT with a noncircular shroud component
  • FIG. 26 shows an alternate embodiment of the preferred MEWT with mixer lobes on the terminus region (i.e., an end portion) of the turbine shroud.
  • FIG. 27 shows the geometry and nomenclature used in a ducted power system.
  • FIG. 28 is a graph showing the Schmitz corrections for an unducted turbine.
  • FIG 29 is a graph showing the degree of correspondence between an approximate solution and an exact solution for an equation.
  • FIG. 30 is a graph showing the degree of correspondence between an approximate solution and an exact solution for an equation of the maximum power for a ducted wind/water turbine.
  • FIGS. 31 (a), 31 (b), and 31 (c) show related results for a ducted wind/water turbine.
  • FIGS. 32(a), 32(b), 32(c), and 32(d) show a single-stage and multistage MEWT.
  • FIG. 33 shows the geometry and nomenclature used in a single-stage
  • FIG. 34 is a graph showing the predicted Betz equivalent maximum power that can be extracted by a mixer-ejector system, a ducted system, and an unducted system.
  • FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating the flow of slower air through a mixer shroud.
  • FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating the flow of faster air around a mixer shroud.
  • FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating the meeting of a faster air stream and a slower air stream.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating a vortex formed by the meeting of a faster air stream and a slower air stream.
  • FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating a series of vortices formed by a mixer shroud.
  • FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional diagram of a mixer shroud.
  • FIG. 27 provides the geometry and nomenclature for the more general ducted case. The unducted case is recovered when the duct size and the attendant force F 3 are allowed to shrink to zero.
  • Equation (3) Betz Maximum Power Limit
  • Equation 1 can be written as:
  • V p this "Power" velocity is closely related to the disk loading coefficient used by others
  • Equation 4a [0069] The exact solution of Equation 4a is given as:
  • Equation (4e) which can be approximated using a series expansion for as:
  • Equation 4e holds over a surprisingly wide range of V ap .
  • the situation is even better for the propeller thrust, which can now be calculated using either Equation 4(e) or its approximation Equation 4(f) in Equation 2.
  • CT propeller thrust coefficient
  • Equation 4f gives a good representation of the exact solution as:
  • Equations 1 thru 4 give a complete representation for power generating wind/water turbines. It remains now to first generalize these for ducted configurations and then for mixer-ejector configurations.
  • Equations 1-4 to ducted configurations is straight forward. Referring again to FIG. 27, the power and thrust equations become:
  • Betz limit-power equivalent for ducted configurations From Equation 5 it is shown that the maximum power for a ducted wind/water turbine is given as:
  • Equation 7a Equation 7a
  • Equation (7c) which enjoys a surprising wide range of applicability.
  • Equations 7a-7c provide a missing Betz-like core element for the detailed design of the cross sectional shape of the turbine/propeller blades so as to guarantee the capture of the maximum power available from the flow passing over the blade, as well as the basis for Schmitz-like analysis correcting the results for swirl and aerodynamic profile losses.
  • V 'pp 1 a 1mn ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ Vooaa + T 1 ⁇ ) + T / (y ⁇ _ 1 ⁇
  • Equation (7i) Equation (7i) where the area ratio is given in shorthand fashion as:
  • FIG. 31 (c) for two duct area diffusion ratios.
  • a sophisticated and unique design system and methodology for single and multi-stage mixer-ejectors can be applied to enhance subsonic ducted power systems. It is necessary to couple the governing equations for the flow through multistage mixers to the flow field of the ducted configuration shown in FIG. 27, leading to the flow configuration shown in FIG. 33 for the case of a single stage mixer-ejector wind/water turbine system.
  • Equation (9) Overall Momentum Balance where the shroud/duct and ejector force coefficient has been defined as:
  • Equation (10a): Ejector Flow where the ejector inlet area parameter r s has been defined as: r s A S /A D
  • Equation (11 ) For the wind/water turbine case, this system of equations can be used to determine the Betz equivalent maximum power for extraction by a mixer-ejector by differentiating Equation 8, substituting the relevant terms from Equation 9 and Equation 10a, setting the derivative to zero, and solving iteratively.
  • the results are presented in FIG. 34 in terms of the ratio of extracted power to the bare prop maximum, i.e. the Betz limit: Equation (11 )
  • a Mixer-Ejector Power System provides a unique and improved means of generating power from wind or water currents or generating propulsion thrust using air or water exhaust jets.
  • a MEPS includes:
  • a single or multiple-stage mixer-ejector to ingest flow with each such mixer/ejector stage including a mixing duct for both bringing in secondary flow and providing flow mixing-length for the ejector stage.
  • the mixing duct inlet contours are designed to minimize flow losses while providing the pressure forces necessary for good ejector performance.
  • the resulting mixer/ejectors enhances the operational characteristics of the power system by: (a) increasing the amount of flow through the system, (b) reducing the back pressure on the turbine blade, and (c) reducing the noise propagating from the system.
  • the MEPS may include:
  • FIGS. 2-25 show alternate embodiments of Applicants' axial flow Wind/Water Turbine with Mixers and Ejectors
  • the MEWT 100 is an axial flow turbine comprising:
  • a turbine stage 104 surrounding the center body 103, comprising a stator ring 106 of stator vanes (e.g., 108a) and an impeller or rotor 110 having impeller or rotor blades (e.g., 112a) downstream and "in-line” with the stator vanes (i.e., leading edges of the impeller blades are substantially aligned with trailing edges of the stator vanes), in which:
  • stator vanes e.g., 108a
  • center body 103 the stator vanes (e.g., 108a) are mounted on the center body 103;
  • impeller blades e.g., 112a
  • inner and outer rings or hoops mounted on the center body 103;
  • a mixer 118 having a ring of mixer lobes (e.g., 120a) on a terminus region (i.e., end portion) of the turbine shroud 102, wherein the mixer lobes (e.g., 120a) extend downstream beyond the impeller blades (e.g., 12a); and
  • an ejector 122 comprising a shroud 128, surrounding the ring of mixer lobes (e.g., 120a) on the turbine shroud, wherein the mixer lobes (e.g., 120a) extend downstream and into an inlet 129 of the ejector shroud 128.
  • the center body 103 MEWT 100 is preferably connected to the turbine shroud 102 through the stator ring 106 (or other means) to eliminate the damaging, annoying and long distance propagating low-frequency sound produced by traditional wind turbines as the turbine's blade wakes strike the support tower.
  • the aerodynamic profiles of the turbine shroud 102 and ejector shroud 128 preferably are aerodynamically cambered to increase flow through the turbine rotor.
  • the area ratio of the ejector pump 122, as defined by the ejector shroud 128 exit area over the turbine shroud 102 exit area will be between 1.5 and 3.0.
  • the number of mixer lobes e.g., 120a
  • Each lobe will have inner and outer trailing edge angles between 5 and 25 degrees.
  • the primary lobe exit location will be at, or near, the entrance location or inlet 129 of the ejector shroud 128.
  • the height-to-width ratio of the lobe channels will be between 0.5 and 4.5.
  • the mixer penetration will be between 50% and 80%.
  • the center body 103 plug trailing edge angles will be thirty degrees or less.
  • the length to diameter (UD) of the overall MEWT 100 will be between 0.5 and 1.25.
  • the preferred MEWT embodiment 100 will generate three times the existing power of the same size conventional wind turbine (shown in FIG. 1A).
  • the preferred embodiment 100 of the MEWT comprises: an axial flow turbine (e.g., stator vanes and impeller blades) surrounded by an aerodynamically contoured turbine shroud 102 incorporating mixing devices in its terminus region (i.e., end portion); and a separate ejector shroud (e.g., 128) overlapping, but aft, of turbine shroud 102, which itself may incorporate advanced mixing devices (e.g., mixer lobes) in its terminus region.
  • Applicants' ring 118 of mixer lobes (e.g., 120a) combined with the ejector shroud 128 can be thought of as a mixer/ejector pump.
  • This mixer/ejector pump provides the means for consistently exceeding the Betz limit for operational efficiency of the wind turbine.
  • Applicants have also presented supplemental information for the preferred embodiment 100 of MEWT shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B. It comprises a turbine stage 104 (i.e., with a stator ring 106 and an impeller 110) mounted on center body 103, surrounded by turbine shroud 102 with embedded mixer lobes (e.g., 120a) having trailing edges inserted slightly in the entrance plane of ejector shroud 128.
  • the turbine stage 104 and ejector shroud 128 are structurally connected to the turbine shroud 102, which itself is the principal load carrying member.
  • the length of the turbine shroud 102 is equal or less than the turbine shroud's outer maximum diameter.
  • the length of the ejector shroud 128 is equal or less than the ejector shroud's outer maximum diameter.
  • the exterior surface of the center body 103 is aerodynamically contoured to minimize the effects of flow separation downstream of the MEWT 100. It may be longer or shorter than the turbine shroud 102 or the ejector shroud 128, or their combined lengths.
  • the turbine shroud's entrance area and exit area will be equal to or greater than that of the annulus occupied by the turbine stage 104, but need not be circular in shape so as to allow better control of the flow source and impact of its wake.
  • the internal flow path cross-sectional area formed by the annulus between the center body 103 and the interior surface of the turbine shroud 102 is aerodynamically shaped to have a minimum area at the plane of the turbine and to otherwise vary smoothly from their respective entrance planes to their exit planes.
  • the turbine and ejector shrouds' external surfaces are aerodynamically shaped to assist guiding the flow into the turbine shroud inlet, eliminating flow separation from their surfaces, and delivering smooth flow into the ejector entrance 129.
  • the ejector 128 entrance area which may be noncircular in shape (see, e.g., FIG. 25), is larger than the mixer 118 exit plane area and the ejector's exit area may also be noncircular in shape.
  • Optional features of the preferred embodiment 100 can include: a power take-off 130 (see FIGS. 4 and 5), in the form of a wheel-like structure, which is mechanically linked at an outer rim of the impeller 110 to a power generator (not shown); a vertical support shaft 132 with a rotatable coupling at 134 (see FIG. 5), for rotatably supporting the MEWT 100, which is located forward of the center-of- pressure location on the MEWT for self-aligning the MEWT; and a self-moving vertical stabilizer or "wing-tab" 136 (see FIG. 4), affixed to upper and lower surfaces of ejector shroud 128, to stabilize alignment directions with different wind streams.
  • a power take-off 130 in the form of a wheel-like structure, which is mechanically linked at an outer rim of the impeller 110 to a power generator (not shown)
  • a vertical support shaft 132 with a rotatable coupling at 134 for rotatably supporting the MEWT
  • MEWT 100 when used near residences can have sound absorbing material 138 affixed to the inner surface of its shrouds 102, 128 (see FIG. 24) to absorb and thus eliminate the relatively high frequency sound waves produced by the interaction of the stator 106 wakes with the impeller 110.
  • the MEWT can also contain safety blade containment structure (not shown)
  • FIGS. 14, 15 show optional flow blockage doors 140a, 140b. They can be rotated via linkage (not shown) into the flow stream to reduce or stop flow through the turbine 100 when damage, to the generator or other components, due to high flow velocity is possible.
  • FIG. 8 presents another optional variation of Applicants' preferred MEWT 100.
  • the stator vanes' exit-angle incidence is mechanically varied in situ (i.e., the vanes are pivoted) to accommodate variations in the fluid stream velocity so as to assure minimum residual swirl in the flow exiting the rotor.
  • Applicants' alternate MEWT embodiments shown in FIGS. 9-23 and 26, each use a propeller-like rotor (e.g., 142 in FIG. 9) rather than a turbine rotor with a ring of impeller blades. While perhaps not as efficient, these embodiments may be more acceptable to the public.
  • a propeller-like rotor e.g., 142 in FIG. 9
  • Applicants' alternate MEWT embodiments are variations 200, 300, 400, 500 containing zero (see, e.g., FIG. 26), one- and two-stage ejectors with mixers embedded in the terminus regions (i.e., end portions) of the ejector shrouds, if any. See, e.g., FIGS. 18, 20, and 22 for mixers embedded in the terminus regions of the ejector shrouds. Analysis indicates such MEWT embodiments will more quickly eliminate the inherent velocity defect occurring in the wake of existing wind turbines and thus reduce the separation distance required in a wind farm to avoid structural damage and/or loss of productivity.
  • FIG. 6 shows a "two-stage" ejector variation 600 of the pictured embodiment 100 having a mixer at the terminus region of the ejector shroud.
  • the ejector design concepts described herein can significantly enhance fluid dynamic performance. The basic concept is as depicted in FIG. 32(a) through 32(d) and involves the use of convoluted lobed-mixers to enhance the flow through single and multi-stage ejectors.
  • mixer-ejector systems provide numerous advantages over conventional systems with and without ejectors, such as: shorter ejector lengths; increased mass flow into and through the system; lower sensitivity to inlet flow blockage and/or misalignment with the principal flow direction; reduced aerodynamic noise; added thrust; and increased suction pressure at the primary exit.
  • Methods by which energy or power is produced, or by which the energy or power of a fluid turbine is increased, or by which additional amounts of energy are extracted from a fluid stream are illustrated in FIGs. 35-40.
  • a fluid turbine has a means for defining both (a) a primary fluid stream passing through the turbine and (b) a secondary fluid stream bypassing the turbine.
  • the fluid turbine also has a means for extracting energy from the primary fluid stream.
  • the turbine is placed in contact with a fluid stream to define the primary fluid stream and the secondary fluid stream.
  • Energy is extracted from the primary fluid stream to form a reduced-energy fluid stream.
  • the reduced-energy fluid stream is then mixed with the secondary fluid stream to transfer energy from the secondary fluid stream to the reduced-energy fluid stream.
  • This mixing causes additional fluid to join the primary fluid stream, enhancing the flow volume through the turbine and increasing the amount of energy extracted.
  • a reduced-pressure area also results from the mixing of the two fluid streams.
  • a mixer shroud 800 surrounds a power extraction unit, such as a turbine stage (not shown).
  • the mixer shroud 800 separates incoming fluid (e.g. wind or water) into a first fluid stream 810 that passes inside the mixer shroud and through the power extraction unit, and a second fluid stream 820 htat passes outside the mixer shroud and bypasses the power extraction unit.
  • the mixer shroud 800 has an outlet or exit end 802. A plurality of mixer lobes 830 is disposed around this outlet 802.
  • the mixer shroud 800 also has a flared inlet 808. This mixer shroud 800 corresponds to the means for defining a primary fluid stream and a secondary fluid stream defined above.
  • each mixer lobe 830 has an outer trailing edge angle ⁇ and an inner trailing edge angle ⁇ .
  • the mixer shroud 800 has a central axis 804. The angles ⁇ and ⁇ are measured relative to a plane 840 which is parallel to the central axis, perpendicular to the entrance plane 806 of the mixer shroud, and along the surface 805 of the mixer shroud. The angle is measured from the vertex point 842 at which the mixer shroud begins to diverge to form the mixer lobes.
  • outer trailing edge angle ⁇ is measured at the outermost point 844 on the trailing edge of the mixer lobe, while the inner trailing edge angle ⁇ is measured at the innermost point 846 on the trailing edge of the mixer lobe.
  • outer trailing edge angle ⁇ and inner trailing edge angle ⁇ are different, and in others ⁇ and ⁇ are equal.
  • inner trailing edge angle ⁇ is greater than or less than outer trailing edge angle ⁇ .
  • each angle can be independently in the range of 5 to 25 degrees.
  • the primary fluid stream can also be considered a post-turbine primary fluid stream or a reduced- energy fluid stream 812, reflecting the fact that it contains less energy than before entering the turbine stage.
  • the shape of mixer shroud 800 causes primary fluid stream 810 to flare outwards after passing through the turbine. Put another way, mixer shroud 800 directs reduced-energy fluid stream 812 away from central axis 804.
  • mixer shroud 800 causes secondary fluid stream 820 to flow inwards. Put another way, mixer shroud 800 directs secondary fluid stream 820 toward central axis 804.
  • post-turbine primary fluid stream 812 and secondary fluid stream 820 thus meet at an angle ⁇ .
  • Angle ⁇ is typically between 10 and 50 degrees. This design of the mixer shroud takes advantage of axial vorticity to mix the two fluid streams.
  • the meeting of the two fluid streams 812, 820 causes an "active" mixing of the two fluid streams. This differs from “passive” mixing which would generally occur only along the boundaries of two parallel fluid streams. In contrast, the active mixing here results in substantially greater energy transfer between the two fluid streams.
  • a volume of reduced or low pressure 860 results downstream of or behind mixer shroud 800. The vortices and the reduced pressure downstream of the mixer shroud in turn pull more fluid into primary fluid stream 810 and allow the power extraction unit / turbine stage to extract more energy from the incoming fluid. Put another way, the vortices and reduced pressure cause the primary fluid 810 upstream of the turbine stage to accelerate into the mixer shroud.
  • FIG, 38 illustrates a vortex 850 formed by the meeting of reduced-energy fluid stream 812 and secondary fluid stream 820 around one mixer lobe.
  • FIG. 39 shows the series of vortices formed by the plurality of mixer lobes 830 at the outlet 802 of the mixer shroud. The vortices are formed behind the mixer shroud 800. This combination may also be considered a first exit stream 870.
  • Another advantage of this design is that the series of vortices formed by the active mixing reduce the distance downstream of the turbine in which turbulence occurs.
  • the mixer shroud 800 can be considered as separating incoming air into a first fast fluid stream 810 and a second fast fluid stream 820.
  • the first fast fluid stream passes through the turbine stage and energy is extracted therefrom, resulting in a slow fluid stream 812 exiting the interior of the mixer shroud, which is relatively slower than the second fast fluid stream.
  • the slow fluid stream 812 is then mixed with the second fast fluid stream 820.
  • an ejector shroud can also be disposed downstream from and coaxial with the mixer shroud.
  • the outlet of the mixer shroud extends into the inlet of the ejector shroud.
  • the ejector shroud may also have a plurality of mixer lobes arounds its exit end or outlet.
  • a first exit stream 870 exiting the mixer shroud can be directed into the inlet of the ejector shroud.
  • the ejector shroud defines a tertiary fluid stream bypassing the inlet of the ejector shroud, and directs this tertiary fluid stream towards the first exit stream, in a manner similar to the mixer shroud directing the secondary fluid stream towards the reduced-energy fluid stream.
  • This mixing will enhance flow of the primary fluid stream through the power extraction unit and increase the amount of energy extracted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un système d'éolienne/de turbine hydraulique dotée d'un mélangeur/éjecteur (« MEWT ») qui surpasse systématiquement le rendement des éoliennes/turbines hydrauliques de l’art antérieur. Des concepts d’éjecteur uniques sont utilisés pour améliorer dynamiquement par un fluide de nombreuses caractéristiques de fonctionnement d'éoliennes/de turbines hydrauliques traditionnelles pour des améliorations potentielles de génération d’énergie supérieures ou égales à 50 %. Le mode de réalisation de MEWT préféré du demandeur comprend : une enveloppe de turbine aérodynamique dotée d’une admission ; un anneau d'aubes de stator ; un anneau d'aubes rotatives (c à d une roue à aubes) aligné avec les aubes de stator ; et une pompe dotée d'un mélangeur/éjecteur pour augmenter le volume d'écoulement à travers la turbine tout en mélangeant rapidement l'écoulement de sortie de la turbine basse énergie avec un écoulement d’air de dérivation haute énergie. La MEWT est capable de produire trois fois ou plus de trois fois l'énergie de ses homologues à extrémités libres pour la même zone frontale, et d’augmenter la productivité de parcs éoliens d'un facteur de deux ou plus. Cette MEWT est plus sûre et plus silencieuse, et permet en même temps d'offrir des options d'éoliennes améliorées pour les zones habitées.
PCT/US2009/057973 2008-03-24 2009-09-23 Turbine dotée de mélangeurs et d'éjecteurs WO2010036678A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200980146292.7A CN102216604B (zh) 2008-03-24 2009-09-23 具有混合器和喷射器的涡轮机
CA2738154A CA2738154A1 (fr) 2009-09-23 2009-09-23 Turbine dotee de melangeurs et d'ejecteurs
EP09816776A EP2337947A1 (fr) 2008-09-23 2009-09-23 Turbine dotée de mélangeurs et d éjecteurs
KR1020117009301A KR20110093991A (ko) 2008-09-23 2009-09-23 믹서와 이젝터를 구비한 터빈

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/011015 WO2009120176A2 (fr) 2008-03-24 2008-09-23 Éolienne avec mélangeurs et éjecteurs
USUS2008/011015 2008-09-23

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WO2010036678A1 true WO2010036678A1 (fr) 2010-04-01
WO2010036678A8 WO2010036678A8 (fr) 2011-04-21

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CN102338029A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-02-01 王桂林 新型卧式风力发电机的风轮装置
WO2012137008A1 (fr) 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Anakata Wind Power Resources S.A.R.L Éoliennes augmentées d'un diffuseur
WO2012143734A1 (fr) 2011-04-21 2012-10-26 Anakata Wind Power Resources S.A.R.L Turbines éoliennes amplifiées par un diffuseur
CN113553675A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-26 上海电力大学 一种喷射器优化方法及装置
US11248581B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2022-02-15 FlowGen Development & Management AG Flow energy installation, in particular encased wind turbine

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US4422820A (en) * 1982-09-29 1983-12-27 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Spoiler for fluid turbine diffuser
US4482290A (en) * 1983-03-02 1984-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Diffuser for augmenting a wind turbine
WO2007107505A1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Ensemble turbine et generateur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075500A (en) * 1975-08-13 1978-02-21 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Variable stator, diffuser augmented wind turbine electrical generation system
US4324985A (en) * 1980-07-09 1982-04-13 Grumman Aerospace Corp. Portable wind turbine for charging batteries
US4422820A (en) * 1982-09-29 1983-12-27 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Spoiler for fluid turbine diffuser
US4482290A (en) * 1983-03-02 1984-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Diffuser for augmenting a wind turbine
WO2007107505A1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Ensemble turbine et generateur

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012137008A1 (fr) 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Anakata Wind Power Resources S.A.R.L Éoliennes augmentées d'un diffuseur
US9512817B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2016-12-06 Anakata Wind Power Resources S.A.R.L. Diffuser augmented wind turbines
WO2012143734A1 (fr) 2011-04-21 2012-10-26 Anakata Wind Power Resources S.A.R.L Turbines éoliennes amplifiées par un diffuseur
US9567970B2 (en) 2011-04-21 2017-02-14 Anakata Wind Power Resources S.A.R.L. Wind turbines augmented with rotating diffusers
CN102338029A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-02-01 王桂林 新型卧式风力发电机的风轮装置
CN102338029B (zh) * 2011-09-02 2015-01-21 王桂林 风力发电机的风轮装置
US11248581B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2022-02-15 FlowGen Development & Management AG Flow energy installation, in particular encased wind turbine
CN113553675A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-26 上海电力大学 一种喷射器优化方法及装置
CN113553675B (zh) * 2021-07-29 2022-12-13 上海电力大学 一种喷射器优化方法及装置

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KR20110093991A (ko) 2011-08-19
WO2010036678A8 (fr) 2011-04-21
EP2337947A1 (fr) 2011-06-29

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