WO2010034756A1 - Dispositif et procede de mesure d'une propriete physique d'un palier magnetique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de mesure d'une propriete physique d'un palier magnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010034756A1
WO2010034756A1 PCT/EP2009/062345 EP2009062345W WO2010034756A1 WO 2010034756 A1 WO2010034756 A1 WO 2010034756A1 EP 2009062345 W EP2009062345 W EP 2009062345W WO 2010034756 A1 WO2010034756 A1 WO 2010034756A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
rotating part
distance
acoustic signals
acoustic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/062345
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pape Detlef
Ken-Yves Haffner
Julio Danin Lobo Neto
Peter Rybing
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd filed Critical Abb Research Ltd
Publication of WO2010034756A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010034756A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2696—Wheels, Gears, Bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for measuring a physical property of a magnetic bearing associated with a distance, in which the device comprising at least one sensor, a magnetic bearing provided with such a device as well as a method for measuring such a physical property of a magnetic bearing.
  • Magnetic bearings are used for seating rotating axes, where low friction between a rotating part and stationary parts of the bearing surrounding said rotating part is needed or where a contact between the rotating part and such stationary parts should be avoided . Due to their contactless operation a very low friction can be gained and no slip agent, such as lubrification, is needed, which is of advantage for hygienic or vacuum applications. Additionally, for harsh environments, where aggressive fluids or high temperature will result in a fast corrosion or ero- sion for other types of bearings with touching parts, an expansion of the life time can be gained for the system with a magnetic bearing.
  • the rotating part is held by magnetic forces produced by permanent magnets or solenoid coils, i .e. electromagnets, or a combination of these two types of magnets.
  • Such a physical property may be a distance within the bearing , such as between a rotating part and a stationary part of the bearing for checking proper location of said rotating part, and such measurement result may then in an electro-mag- netically driven bearing be used for the control of the electromagnets and by that the position of the axis of rotation of said rotating part thereof.
  • Said physical property may also be a thickness of a bearing part, and the measurement result may then be used to determine the condition of that bearing part and by that of the bearing and a possible need of maintenance of the bearing, replacement of the bearing or of a bearing part etc.
  • the velocity of a rotating part in a vibrating movement is another such physical property of interest, and measurement results thereof may also be used in electro-magnetically driven bearings for the control of the electromagnets.
  • DE 102005032675 discloses the use of optical sensors for measuring the position of a rotating part, accordingly distance sensors, in an electro-magnetically driven bearing, in which the measurement results are used by a control arrangement for controlling the electromagnets of the bearing for obtain ing proper location of said rotating part.
  • optical distance sensors can very precisely measure the position of the rotating part, but their use requires an optical access to the rotating part and a reflective surface of this part. If the bearing casing is made from an optically non-transparent material , an optical window has to be provided, which in many applications makes it difficult to integrate such a device in the bearing and leads to additional costs. Also an opaque fluid in the gap between the rotating part and stationary parts of the bearing inhibit the use of an optical sensor.
  • US 5 763 972 discloses a device measuring the velocity of a rotating part of an electro-magnetically driven bearing in the vibrating sense.
  • the inductivity change in a coil of an electromagnet occurring due to changes in the gap between that coil on the stationary part of the bearing and the ferromagnetic counterpart on the rotating part of the bearing is measured.
  • Another type of electromagnetic sensor is disclosed in EP 1 679 492, which is based on eddy current measurements for obtaining a value of a distance within the bearing.
  • EP 1 679 492 is based on eddy current measurements for obtaining a value of a distance within the bearing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type defined in the introduction being improved in at least some aspect with respect to such devices already known.
  • This object is according to the invention obtained by providing such a device, in which said at least one sensor comprises at least one acoustic transducer configured to emit acoustic signals and receive such signals reflected by a part of said bearing and means configured to analyze said reflected signals so as to determine a value of said physical property.
  • Acoustic signals are not affected by magnetic fields of the magnetic bearing, so that influence thereof on the measurement re- suit does not have to be considered, which simplifies the achievement of accurate measurement results. Additionally, these signals can travel through a large amount of different media (solid, liquid or gaseous) and thus overcome the limitations of optical and electromagnetic sensors. Especially, the acoustic signals can be sent through most of the materials used for the casing or a stationary part of a magnetic bearing and through-the-wa l l measu rement i s possi bl e , so that no additional protection or windows are necessary for the sensor.
  • Measurement of both a distance and a velocity simultaneously may through this technique easily be obtained, which in the case of an electro-magnetically driven bearing results in a possibility to improve the control algorithm for the electromagnets of the bearing resulting in a better operation and prolonged lifetime thereof.
  • Acoustic transducer configured to emit acoustic signals and receive such signals reflected is to be interpreted broadly. This covers any type of means emitting acoustic signals and receiving such signals reflected , in which the receipt of the reflected signals may even be accomplished by a member bei ng physically separated from the emitti ng member of this means.
  • the device is configured to measure a distance
  • said means is configured to establish the time elapsed between a said signal is emitted and then received after having been reflected so as to calculate the distance between the position of said emission and the position of said reflection in said bearing. Only a correct value of the speed of sound in the media between said two positions is required for obtaining an accurate distance value.
  • the device is configured to measure a distance between parts of said bearing, and said means is configured to establish the difference of time elapsed between a said signal is emitted and then received after having been reflected by two surfaces of such parts of the bearing at different distances from the position of said emission and use this time difference for calculating the distance between these two surfaces.
  • the distance between different parts of said bearing may be accurately measured in this way, and the measurement result will be independent of the position of said emis- sion, so that possible uncertainties of the exact mounting location of said transducer will not influence the measurement result.
  • said trans- ducer is configured to emit acoustic signals substantially radially with respect to a rotating part of said bearing, and said means is configu red to calculate a value of a distance i n said radial direction of said rotating part to a stationary part of the bearing surrounding said rotating part.
  • the device is configured to measure a said distance in the form of a thickness of a bearing part, such as a stationary part of the bearing surrounding a rotating part of the bearing , and the transducer is configu red to emit acoustic sig nals in the d irection of said thickness and said means is configured to analyze acoustic signals reflected by two opposite surfaces of said bearing part defining the thickness of the bearing part.
  • a diagnostic monitoring of the bearing quality such as the thickness of a said stationary part, which may have been reduced as a consequence of an arrangement of the bearing in a harsh environment due to for instance corrosion, erosion, fouling or high temperatures.
  • said means is configured to calculate a said distance between said rotating part and said stationary part several times during a full rotation of said rotating part and compare these distance values for checking the cross-section shape of said rotating part, which makes it possible to discover possibly occurring irregularities of the rotating part, which may impair the proper function of the bearing.
  • the device comprises at least one said acoustic transducer configured to emit acoustic signals from a position on a rotating part or a stationary part of the bearing towards the other of said two parts of said bearing, and said means is configured to establish a value of the frequency f of acoustic signals reflected by said other part and calculate a value of the velocity v of said rotating part with respect to said stationary part in the d irection of said reflection by means of the value of the frequency f and of the frequency of the acoustic signals emitted and of the speed of sound between said emission position and the reflection position on said other part.
  • An advantage of utilizing a measurement of a frequency shift of the reflected signal with respect to the emitted signal in this way for obtaining said velocity is that the velocity value may be obtained without any delay, which would be the case if instead the velocity would be obtained by only forming the time derivative of the position signal. Accordingly, it is by this possi ble to simultaneously obtain a position and a velocity value improving the possibilities of a high accuracy of the control of electromagnets of said bearing.
  • the device comprises at least one said acoustic transducer configured to emit acoustic signals from a position on a rotating part or a sta- tionary part of the bearing in a direction making an angle differing from 90° with respect to the axis of rotation of said rotating part, and said means is configured to analyze such acoustic signals emitted and reflected by a surface on the other of said two parts directed substantially perpendicularly to the direction of said emission so as to calculate a value of the distance or velocity of said rotating part with respect to said stationary part in the direction of said axis of rotation of the rotating part.
  • a displacement of said rotating part in the direction of said axis of rotation with respect to a stationary part of the bearing may be determined enabling taking control actions for counteracting such a displacement, such as controlling electromagnets accordingly in a bearing being electro-magnetically driven.
  • the device comprises at least one said acoustic transducer which is configured to emit acoustic signals from a location in a stationary part of said bearing, which is one possible location of said emission, and according to another embodiment of the invention the device comprises at least one said acoustic transducer which is configured to emit acoustic signals from a location in a rotating part of said bearing constituting another possible such location.
  • the device comprises at least one said acoustic transducer which is configured to be arranged outside said bearing, and the device comprises a wave g uide configured to connect said transd ucer acoustically to the bearing.
  • the emission position of the transducer may be regarded to be the position in which the acoustic signals leave said wave guide, and this may be arranged inside the bearing on a said stationary part or on a said rotating part.
  • the decay of the piezo- oscillation due to the transducer excitation may in such a case overlap with possible reflections from a bearing part.
  • the amplitude of the reflection will be smaller than the amplitude of the piezo-oscillation due to the excitation, and the reflection cannot be detected or only with a low accuracy, so that no measurement will be possible for short distances from the trans- ducer.
  • By adding a wave guide in front of the transducer all reflections are delayed in time corresponding to the length of the wave guide. By choosing an appropriate length of the wave guide the reflection will arrive after the decay of the excitation and also measurements of short distances are possible.
  • Another advantage of using a wave guide is that the transducer may be given such a location that magnetic or electromagnetic interferences from the magnetic bearing may be avoided.
  • the device comprises at least two said acoustic transducers configured to be directed radially towards a rotating part of said bearing and to be arranged in the same cross-section plane of the rotating part with a mutual angle ⁇ of the emission direction thereof, for which 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 180°, especially 5° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 175°.
  • ⁇ of the emission direction thereof
  • the device comprises at least two said acoustic transducers configured to be arranged in the same radial cross-section plane of a rotating part of the bearing and to emit acoustic signals radially towards said rotating part in opposite directions for obtaining redundancy for the determination of said value by said means.
  • the device comprises at least one said acoustic transducer being able to withstand temperatures of at least 150 0 C, preferably of at least 300 0 C. This makes the device suitable to be used in bearings located in high temperature regions, such as immersed in a molten metal bath, in which the use of acoustic signals for said measurement is particularly advantageous.
  • the invention also relates to a magnetic bearing provided with a device for measuring a physical property thereof associated with a distance according to the present invention.
  • a magnetic bearing provided with a device for measuring a physical property thereof associated with a distance according to the present invention.
  • said magnetic bearing comprises means in the form of electrically driven magnets configured to create magnet forces for journalling a rotating part, means configured to supply electric power to said magnets and a control arrangement configured to control the supply with electric power to said magnets and to utilize measurement results of said device for this control.
  • the invention also relates to a method for measuring a physical property of a magnetic bearing associated with a distance, in which acoustic signals are emitted and brought to be reflected by a part of said bearing, and the reflected signals are analyzed for determining a value of said physical property.
  • the invention also relates to a use of a device according to the invention in a magnetic bearing according to the invention immersed into a molten metal bath, such as a molten zinc bath, for measuring a said physical property of the magnetic bearing immersed.
  • a molten metal bath such as a molten zinc bath
  • Fig 1 is a very simplified view schematically illustrating a magnetic bearing provided with a device according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig 2 is a view similar to Fig 1 of a magnetic bearing and a device according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig 3 is a view schematically illustrating a th i rd a n d a fourth possible embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Fig 4 illustrates a magnetic bearing and a device according a fifth embodiment of the invention
  • Fig 5 is a graph illustrating amplitude of acoustic signals emitted by a transducer and received after having been reflected in a device according to the present invention versus time
  • Fig 6 is a simplified view schematically illustrating a magnetic bearing and a device according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig 7 schematically illustrates a magnetic bearing and a device according to the present invention immersed into a molten metal bath.
  • Fig 1 is a simplified cross-section view of a magnetic bearing 1 , in which magnets not shown are arranged in a stationary part 2 surrounding a rotating part 3 for applying magnetic forces to this part and keeping it centred with respect to said stationary part. Only the inner side 7 of the stationary part is shown in the Figu re , a n d s e n s o rs 4 a a n d 4 b i n th e fo rm of acoustic transducers are mounted at the inner side of the stationary part 2 and configured to emit acoustic signals towards the rotating part 3 and receive such signals reflected by that part.
  • the receiving of the reflected signals may either be done by the same transducer or by a second sensor nearby acting as a receiver.
  • the sensors 4a and 4b are connected to means 5 configured to analyze the reflected signals so as to determine a value of a physical property i n the form of a d istance or a velocity.
  • the time t needed for the signal to travel from the transducer to the rotating part is determined by the speed of the sound c of the media 6 in the gap between the rotating part and the stationary part and can be calculated by:
  • Such a mounting of the transducers means that the distance between the inner side 7 and the rotating part 3 may be calculated by the means 5 from the difference in time t 2 of the receipt of the two reflected signals Ri and R 2 making the positioning of the transducers not that critical. Furthermore, delays of the acoustic signal, which can occur due to the mounting of the transducer or inside the transducer and which will influence the measurement, can thus be eliminated. Alternatively, the travel time of the signal inside the gap can be measured by a resonance method, where the resonance shift of an at least partly continuous signal is used as measurement value, or any other method for an acoustical travel time measurement.
  • a radial control of the position of the rotating part 3 inside the stationary part 2 needs at least two sensors 4a, 4b for con- trolling the x and the y component of a movement of the rotating member 3 in the radial direction thereof.
  • These two sensors have to be mounted at an angle ⁇ , for which 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 180°, and this angle is preferably 90° as shown in Fig 1 .
  • additional sensors 4c and 4d may be mounted to emit and receive reflective signals in opposite directions to the sensors 4a and 4b for obtaining redundancy.
  • the difference signal between these sensors can be determined .
  • this difference signal uncertainties and changes in the geometry can be eliminated as well as changes in the sound velocity, which otherwise has to be determined separately.
  • the accuracy can be further improved.
  • the sensors 4a , 4b and 4c are here oriented at angles of about 120° to each other. By taking the given geometry into account, the uncertainties can be eliminated and also the sound velocity be determined by the use of only three sensors.
  • acoustic transducer 4a configured to emit acoustic signals from a position on the stationary part of the bearing towards the rotating part is tilted so as to make an angle differing from 90° with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotating part.
  • said means 5 is configured to analyze acoustic signals emitted and reflected by a surface 8 on the rotating part directed substantially perpendicularly to the direction of said emission so as to calculate a value of the distance or velocity of the rotating part with respect to the stationary part in the z direction.
  • the acoustic transducer 4a may alternatively be arranged at the end of the rotating member 3 for emitting acoustic signals in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotating part towards an end surface 9 of the rotating part for determining movements in the z direction of the rotating part.
  • the acoustic transducers are preferably piezoelectric transducers.
  • a piezoelectric transducer can be used as transmitter as well as receiver and thus a very simple sensor can be built.
  • a piezoelectric transducer is not influenced by the magnetic field and operates normally at frequencies above 100 kHz, which is to be compared with operating frequencies of electromagnetic bearings normally in the Hz or lower kHz ranges. This means that disturbances in the measurement signal due to the controlling of the magnets in such a bearing can be easily filtered out by electronic devices, such as a filter.
  • high temperature transducer with high temperature piezoceramic materials like bismuth titan- ate, lithium niobate, gallium phosphate, or others can be used. Also magnetostrictive materials or a microphone loud speaker combination could be used.
  • the transducer can also be situated outside of the magnetic bearing as shown in Fig 4 and the acoustic signals are guided by an acoustic line 10 or an acoustic wave guide into the bearing to the measurement location, in which the emission position here is located at the end 1 1 of the wave guide.
  • the transducer 4a is located outside of the bearing in a secure distance from the solenoid coils (electromagnets) 12, 13 of the bearing shown in this Figure.
  • This electromagnetic bearing has of course further such electromagnets mounted in the stationary part around the rotating part.
  • the acoustic signal is guided via the acoustic line 10 to the measurement position 1 1 at the gap.
  • this electromagnetic bearing has a control arrangement 14 configured to control means 1 5 configured to supply electric power to the electromagnets 12, 13 of the bearing.
  • the control arrangement 14 is configured to utilize measurement results arriving from the means 5 for the control of the electromagnets.
  • Fig 6 illustrates an alternative way of arranging the sensor 4a, which here is arranged on the rotating part 3 instead of on the stationary part 2.
  • the transducer can be better protected or constructed in a way to survive in a harsh environment (corrosive environment) or high/low temperatures. In some applications due to the corrosive nature of the solution the bearing will likely degrade over time.
  • the acoustic sensor can also be used in a monitoring mode. This is illustrated in Fig 7, which shows how the magnetic bearing 1 is immersed into a bath 16 of molten metal, such as molten zinc.
  • Such a bath may have a temperature exceeding 500 0 C and be used for for example coating steel sheets in the automo bi le i n d u stry with a zi nc layer in which case the temperature is normally about 465°C .
  • the reflection of the internal surface 7 of the bearing can be measured to monitor the thickness of the metal at that point and thus measure the corrosion damage to the bearing , which is illustrated by the arrows showing reflection on the inner surface 7 and on the outer surface 17 of the stationary part. It is shown how a display 18 may be arranged outside the metal bath for displaying the thickness value measured.
  • v is the velocity of the rotating part parallel to the travel path of the acoustic signal.
  • the formula to calculate f may be slightly d ifferent i n case of d ifferent g eometries/ applications.
  • the velocity instead of the position can be measured .
  • a combined position and velocity measurement can be done, by measuring the time as shown in Fig 5 and by measuring the frequency shift of the reflected signal .
  • this measurement method has the advantage that the position and velocity signal are measured at the same time and there is no delay in the measurement as occurring by only differencing the position signal for deriving the velocity.
  • the part of the bearing reflecting said acoustic signals may in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotating part extend beyond the overlap of stationary parts and the rotating part and the transducer(s) be arranged outside the real bearing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à mesurer une propriété physique d'un palier magnétique associé à une distance. Ce dispositif comprend au moins un capteur (4a-4d) pourvu d'au moins un transducteur acoustique configuré pour émettre des signaux acoustiques et recevoir de tels signaux réfléchis par une pièce (3) du palier, et un moyen (5) configuré pour analyser les signaux réfléchis, de sorte à déterminer une valeur pour ladite propriété physique.
PCT/EP2009/062345 2008-09-24 2009-09-23 Dispositif et procede de mesure d'une propriete physique d'un palier magnetique WO2010034756A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9959908P 2008-09-24 2008-09-24
US61/099,599 2008-09-24

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WO2010034756A1 true WO2010034756A1 (fr) 2010-04-01

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014163675A (ja) * 2013-02-21 2014-09-08 Toshiba Corp 回転機械の監視システム及び回転機械の監視方法
RU2710000C1 (ru) * 2018-01-15 2019-12-23 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Способ контролирования устройства магнитного подшипника

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5176034A (en) * 1985-02-19 1993-01-05 J. W. Harley Inc. Ultrasonic transducer
DE4215381A1 (de) * 1992-05-11 1993-11-18 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur radialen und/oder axialen Positionserfassung einer Welle
US5287031A (en) * 1991-08-26 1994-02-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Device for supporting and linearly moving an object
US20020157470A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-10-31 Jens Noetzel Device for measuring bearing data
DE102005032675A1 (de) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-25 Renk Ag Aktives Magnetlager mit integrierter Wegsensorik

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5176034A (en) * 1985-02-19 1993-01-05 J. W. Harley Inc. Ultrasonic transducer
US5287031A (en) * 1991-08-26 1994-02-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Device for supporting and linearly moving an object
DE4215381A1 (de) * 1992-05-11 1993-11-18 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur radialen und/oder axialen Positionserfassung einer Welle
US20020157470A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-10-31 Jens Noetzel Device for measuring bearing data
DE102005032675A1 (de) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-25 Renk Ag Aktives Magnetlager mit integrierter Wegsensorik

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014163675A (ja) * 2013-02-21 2014-09-08 Toshiba Corp 回転機械の監視システム及び回転機械の監視方法
RU2710000C1 (ru) * 2018-01-15 2019-12-23 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Способ контролирования устройства магнитного подшипника

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