WO2010023437A2 - Améliorations de turbines et améliorations relatives à des turbines - Google Patents

Améliorations de turbines et améliorations relatives à des turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010023437A2
WO2010023437A2 PCT/GB2009/002056 GB2009002056W WO2010023437A2 WO 2010023437 A2 WO2010023437 A2 WO 2010023437A2 GB 2009002056 W GB2009002056 W GB 2009002056W WO 2010023437 A2 WO2010023437 A2 WO 2010023437A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turbine assembly
turbine
axis
electrical power
fixed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2009/002056
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010023437A3 (fr
Inventor
Roderick Allister Mcdonald Galbraith
Original Assignee
Roderick Allister Mcdonald Galbraith
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roderick Allister Mcdonald Galbraith filed Critical Roderick Allister Mcdonald Galbraith
Publication of WO2010023437A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010023437A2/fr
Publication of WO2010023437A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010023437A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/217—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the crossflow- or "Banki"- or "double action" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F05B2240/2212—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis perpendicular to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved turbine, and in particular, though not exclusively, to an improved underwater or tidal or current driven turbine .
  • the invention also concerns a related apparatus for electrical power generation, and a related method of electrical power generation.
  • HAWT turbines have the rotational axis of a rotor thereof parallel to the mean flow - as shown in Figure 1. In reality, however, small amounts of yaw occur and are undesirable. To maintain an axis design condition of zero yaw for large turbines, the rotor plane has to be rotated, either actively (upwind turbines) or passively (downwind turbines) about the vertical axis - as shown in Figure 2. Equivalent devices for hydrodynamic flows would require similar capabilities.
  • VAWT's Vertical-Axis Wind-Turbines
  • VAWT's Vertical-Axis Wind-Turbines
  • Figures 3 (a) to 3 (c) which are known as the "Darrieus", the "H” -VAWT, and the "V-VAWT, respectively.
  • VAWT's have a fixed rotational axis and are passively stall-regulated. In other words, they operate for all wind conditions and, when the wind is too strong, limit the power, and hence the forces on the blades, by shedding of aerodynamic force.
  • Their main disadvantages tend to be poorer aerodynamic efficiency and severe load paths; in particular, the stabilisation of the vertical support.
  • VAWT Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
  • a turbine assembly or device particularly an underwater turbine assembly or device, comprising a turbine means mounted to rotate around an axis substantially perpendicular to a flow direction (such as a tidal or current flow direction) , the axis of rotation being disposed at angle ⁇ from a/the vertical, where 0° ⁇ - ⁇ 90 o .
  • the Inventor in the present case has termed the invention the Multiple Axis Hydro-Turbine (MAHT) .
  • MAHT Multiple Axis Hydro-Turbine
  • ⁇ is substantially 90°.
  • the turbine assembly or device may comprise at least first substantially rigid means for fixing or anchoring the turbine relative to a fixed first location, e.g. a fixed first underwater location, e.g. on a sea bed, ocean floor, river bed or the like.
  • the turbine assembly or device may therefore be fixed at a second location relative to the fixed first location.
  • the turbine assembly or device comprises first and second substantially rigid means for fixing first and second ends of the turbine assembly or device relative to fixed first and second locations, respectively.
  • a turbine assembly or device comprising first and second substantially rigid means for fixing first and second ends of the turbine assembly or device relative to fixed first and second locations respectively.
  • the fixed first and second locations may be on a fixed surface, e.g. a sea bed, ocean floor, lake floor, or river bed or the like.
  • the turbine assembly or device is most preferably adapted for use in electrical power generation.
  • the turbine assembly O r device is adapted for use submerged in a body of water (or flowing water) such as a sea, ocean, river or the like, i.e. is driven by hydrodynamic flow.
  • the turbine assembly or device is operated by the action of a flow of fluid, e.g. water, e.g. tidal or current flow.
  • the turbine assembly may comprise a plurality of blades .
  • the turbine assembly or device may comprise or include means for mounting the plurality of blades for movement around an/the axis of rotation.
  • the blades may be disposed substantially parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the axis of rotation may, in use, be disposed at angle ⁇ to a vertical or perpendicular direction from the fixed surface where 0° ⁇ - ⁇ 90 o .
  • the angle ⁇ is substantially 90°, i.e. the axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the fixed surface.
  • the fixed surface may be a geostationary surface, e.g. a bed of a body of water, such as a sea bed, ocean floor, lake floor, river bed, or the like.
  • the axis of rotation is substantially horizontal.
  • the turbine assembly or device may be provided with two opposing blades. This configuration may provide the turbine with a high efficiency power output.
  • the turbine assembly or device may be provided with three equi-spaced blades. This configuration may provide the turbine assembly with an advantage of being self-starting.
  • each of the blades is an aerofoil.
  • the aerofoil has a symmetric NACA profile such as that of the 0015. This means that the thickest part of the aerofoil is equivalent to 15% of the total length of the blade's chord/width.
  • each blade has a uniform cross-section across the length thereof.
  • the blades may be arranged so as to form a rotor, preferably which the fixing means support .
  • the rotor may include first and second arms respectively extending from first and second ends of each blade to or adjacent to the axis of rotation at a respective hub.
  • the turbine assembly or device includes means for coupling to a generator, a pump or the like.
  • the first and second rigid fixing means may each comprise at least one and preferably a plurality of legs, first ends of the legs of each fixing means meeting at a respective first or second bearing for the rotor, while second ends of the legs are fixed, in use, to the fixed surface .
  • the turbine assembly or device usually has a negative buoyancy, that is to say sinks in a body of water .
  • an electrical power generating or generation apparatus including at least one turbine assembly or device according to either of the first or second aspects of the present invention.
  • each turbine assembly or device is fixed or pinned to the fixed location (s) such that the rotational axis is substantially perpendicular to the flow of water, e.g. the tidal or current flow or set.
  • the or each turbine assembly or device may be fixed such that the or each rotational axis is substantially horizontal .
  • the or each turbine assembly or device may be fixed such that the rotational axis of the or each turbine assembly or device is at an angle ⁇ to the vertical of 0 ⁇ 90°.
  • the or each turbine assembly or device is positioned such as to be located in a free flow of the current of flood and ebb tides. That is to say that the or each turbine assembly or device is located where there the flow characteristics of the tide are even and not where the flow has large recirculations.
  • a method of generating electrical power comprising: providing an electrical power generating or generation apparatus according to the third aspect; fixing the or each turbine assembly or device at a respective location within a body of flowing water; operating the or each turbine assembly or device.
  • the method comprises providing, e.g. longitudinally spacing, a plurality of turbine assemblies or devices .
  • Figure 1 a schematic side view of a first
  • HAWT Horizontal-Axis Wind-Turbine
  • Figure 2 a schematic top view of a second HAWT according to the prior art
  • FIGs 3 (a) to (c) schematic illustrations of first, second and third Vertical Axis Wind-Turbines (VAWT) according to the prior art;
  • Figure 4 a schematic illustration of a turbine assembly or device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 a schematic illustration of the turbine assembly or device of Figure 4 mounted to or on a sloping sea bed;
  • Figures 6 (a) and (b) schematic illustrations showing a preferred location of the turbine assembly or device of Figure 1 and showing fluid or tidal flow patterns for flood and ebb tides;
  • Figure 7 a schematic illustrations showing an electrical power generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention including a plurality of turbine assemblies or devices according to Figure 1 located across a span of a sea bed;
  • FIGS 8 (a) and (b) schematic illustrations of a turbine assembly or device, and power generation assembly, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, located in the "Doris Mhor";
  • Figure 9 a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between flow direction and axis of rotation in HAWTs, VAWTs and in a turbine assembly or device according to the present invention.
  • the turbine assembly 10 comprises substantially rigid first and second means 12, 14 for fixing first and second ends 16, 18 of the turbine assembly 10 relative to a fixed surface 20, such as the sea bed.
  • the turbine assembly 10 which has been termed by the present Inventor as a Multiple-Axis Hydro-Turbine (MAHT) , is provided with coupling means (not shown) allowing a generator (not shown) to be affixed to the turbine assembly 10, such that rotation of a rotor of the turbine assembly 10 can be used for electrical power generation.
  • MAHT Multiple-Axis Hydro-Turbine
  • the turbine assembly 10 is submersed in a body of water 11 and is, in use, driven by hydrodynamic flow which may be tidal or current flow.
  • the turbine assembly 10 may be made at least in part of stainless steel, Kevlar, fibreglass or the like, in order that the turbine assembly 10 can withstand the harsh working environment of being operated submersed underwater.
  • the turbine assembly 10 comprises a number of blades 22. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4 there are three blades 22, which is the minimum amount needed in order that the turbine assembly 10 is self-starting and, therefore, the turbine assembly 10 does not require the need of additional equipment to commence rotation of the blades 22.
  • the blades 22 are coupled or integrally formed to mounting means 24 forming a rotor 28 which enables the blades 22 to rotate around an axis 26. Furthermore, in this embodiment the blades 22 are mounted to the mounting means 24 such that the blades 22 are substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 26.
  • the rotor 28 further comprises arms 38 that extend between each of the blades 22 and hubs 40, which lie on the axis of rotation 26.
  • the axis of rotation 26 may be parallel to the fixed surface 20, which in this example is close to the horizontal.
  • the turbine assembly 10 may be affixed to a fixed surface 20 ' comprising a sea bed such that the turbine assembly 10 is inclined due to the prevailing conditions of the topography of the sea bed.
  • the turbine assembly 10 may be mounted such that the axis of rotation 26 has an angle ⁇ to the vertical direction which is between ⁇ 90°, but most preferably not 0°, that is to say that the turbine assembly 10 can be mounted in almost any terrain as long as the axis of rotation 26 is most preferably not vertical.
  • the blades 22 of the turbine assembly 10 are aerofoil in design, which enables the turbine assembly 10 to rotate in a predetermined direction irrespective of the direction of flow of water.
  • the aerofoil design can be of any suitable form, however, one suitable aerofoil profile is such that the blade has a NACA 0015 profile. This means that the thickest part of the aerofoil is equivalent to 15% of the total width or chord of the blade 22.
  • the first and second fixing means 12,14 comprise three legs 30, forming a tripod like structure 32. At an apex of each tripod structure 32 there is a bearing 34 in which the rotor 28 is mounted for rotation. There are also provided feet 36 at the bottom of each of the legs 30, which enable the legs 30 of the tripod structure 32 to be anchored by pinning the feet 36 to the sea bed 20.
  • the structure of the turbine assembly 10 is advantageously designed such that the turbine assembly 10 has a negative buoyancy, in order that the assembly 10 sinks in a body of water. This feature aids with the required provisions needed to be taken to ensure that the turbine assembly 10 is securely anchored to the sea bed 20.
  • the turbine assembly 10 is positioned such that it is located in a free flow of the current of flood and ebb tides and, therefore, out of large recirculatory flow of the tides.
  • the turbine assembly 10 is positioned such that the axis of rotation 26 is substantially perpendicular to the flow of both the flood and ebb tides .
  • turbine assemblies 10a may be spaced apart from each other to form an electricity generating or generation apparatus 100a.
  • the turbine assemblies 10a are longitudinally disposed, in order to harness some of the potential tidal energy.
  • FIG. 8 (a) and (b) there is shown a turbine assembly 10b and electricity generating apparatus 100b in accordance with the present invention which is proposed to be located in the "Doris Mhor" .
  • these particular turbine assemblies 10,10a, 10b is such that the blades are around 20m in length, and around 1.5m wide.
  • the diameter of the rotor is typically 10m, and the rotor assembly is located in the free flow of the tidal current having three blades mounted to it.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between flow direction and axis of rotation in HAWT' s, VAWT 's and in a turbine assembly or device according to the present invention. As can be seen from Figure 9 the direction of flow is taken to be along the x-axis .
  • the axis of rotation of an HAWT is therefore around the x-axis.
  • the axis of rotation of a VAWT is around the vertical z-axis .
  • the axis of rotation lies in the y-z plane at an angle ⁇ from the z-axis, where 0° ⁇ 90°.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un ensemble turbine sous-marin (10; 10a; 10b), et un appareil de génération de courant électrique associé (100a; 100b). L’ensemble turbine (10; 10a; 10b) comprend un moyen de turbine monté pour tourner autour d’un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à une direction de flux de courant ou de marée, l'axe de rotation étant disposé selon un angle Θ depuis la verticale, où 0°<Θ<90°. L'ensemble turbine (10; 10a; 10b) comprend au moins un premier moyen sensiblement rigide permettant de fixer ou d'ancrer l'ensemble turbine (10; 10a; 10b) par rapport à une position fixe.
PCT/GB2009/002056 2008-08-28 2009-08-24 Améliorations de turbines et améliorations relatives à des turbines WO2010023437A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0815612A GB2462880A (en) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 Horizontal axis cross flow turbine
GB0815612.7 2008-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010023437A2 true WO2010023437A2 (fr) 2010-03-04
WO2010023437A3 WO2010023437A3 (fr) 2011-01-13

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ID=39846891

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PCT/GB2009/002056 WO2010023437A2 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-24 Améliorations de turbines et améliorations relatives à des turbines

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WO (1) WO2010023437A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201513387D0 (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-09-16 Nova Innovation Ltd Water turbine arrangements
GB2549283B (en) * 2016-04-11 2018-08-15 David Gaul Roy Ocean wave kinetic energy conversion method and system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4524285A (en) * 1979-09-14 1985-06-18 Rauch Hans G Hydro-current energy converter
NL1020174C2 (nl) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-16 Whale Tail Energy B V Inrichting voor het door middel van waterkracht aandrijven van een generator.
US20060008351A1 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Belinsky Sidney I Installation for harvesting energy of tides (INET) in shallow waters
GB2431189A (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-18 Tidal Generation Ltd Installation of underwater anchorages
CA2532734A1 (fr) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-11 Peter Andrew Stabins Hydroturbine-turbine maremotrice basse pression economique
CA2547748A1 (fr) * 2006-04-12 2007-10-12 Peter Andrew Stabins Roue et turbine hydraulique darrieus
EP1878914A2 (fr) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-16 Siegel Aerodynamics, Inc. Convertisseur cyclique d'énergie des vagues
US20080175709A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-24 Lonestar Inventions Lp High Efficiency Turbine with Variable Attack Angle Foils

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2461301A (en) * 1999-12-29 2001-07-09 Michael Gavasheli Turbine for free flowing water

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4524285A (en) * 1979-09-14 1985-06-18 Rauch Hans G Hydro-current energy converter
NL1020174C2 (nl) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-16 Whale Tail Energy B V Inrichting voor het door middel van waterkracht aandrijven van een generator.
US20060008351A1 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Belinsky Sidney I Installation for harvesting energy of tides (INET) in shallow waters
GB2431189A (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-18 Tidal Generation Ltd Installation of underwater anchorages
CA2532734A1 (fr) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-11 Peter Andrew Stabins Hydroturbine-turbine maremotrice basse pression economique
CA2547748A1 (fr) * 2006-04-12 2007-10-12 Peter Andrew Stabins Roue et turbine hydraulique darrieus
EP1878914A2 (fr) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-16 Siegel Aerodynamics, Inc. Convertisseur cyclique d'énergie des vagues
US20080175709A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-24 Lonestar Inventions Lp High Efficiency Turbine with Variable Attack Angle Foils

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Publication number Publication date
GB2462880A (en) 2010-03-03
WO2010023437A3 (fr) 2011-01-13
GB0815612D0 (en) 2008-10-01

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