WO2010022541A1 - 一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术 - Google Patents

一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010022541A1
WO2010022541A1 PCT/CN2008/001537 CN2008001537W WO2010022541A1 WO 2010022541 A1 WO2010022541 A1 WO 2010022541A1 CN 2008001537 W CN2008001537 W CN 2008001537W WO 2010022541 A1 WO2010022541 A1 WO 2010022541A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
artificial
artificial tooth
tooth
neck
root
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PCT/CN2008/001537
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈烈堂
陈赐村
陈彦竹
宋继菱
陈贞竹
Original Assignee
辰庚事业有限公司
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Application filed by 辰庚事业有限公司 filed Critical 辰庚事业有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2008/001537 priority Critical patent/WO2010022541A1/zh
Publication of WO2010022541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010022541A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00Dental prostheses; Making same
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/01Palates or other bases or supports for the artificial teeth; Making same

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to artificial teeth, particularly implantable artificial teeth that are once completed and have immediate function and related techniques. Background technique
  • This kind of edentulous restoration needs to be sutured after implanting the implant, suspending the gingiva, embedding the implant under the gum, allowing the implant 1 to integrate with the alveolar bone. After 4-6 months, the gingiva is opened and the abutment is attached. The implant is exposed in the mouth, and the gums are sutured again. After the gums are healed, the mold is taken, and finally the artificial teeth are loaded to complete the repair of the missing teeth.
  • the advantage of this method is that the implant bone is well combined, the infection is not easy to be infected, and the success rate is high. As shown in Figure 1A.
  • the implant 1 and the abutment 2 are integrated into one body.
  • the knife is opened, the abutment is exposed in the oral cavity.
  • the final restoration is taken.
  • Such implants receive a certain range of stresses in the alveolar bone.
  • Temporary dentures with immediate load can be installed for aesthetic purposes. After two months of bone integration, the formal dentures are replaced.
  • the gums were first cut, the alveolar was exposed and the gums were sutured. After the implant was implanted for 1-2 weeks, the gums were again cut by the sickle, and the mesh metal implant 1 was placed on the alveolar bone. At the same time, four pillars 3 are exposed on the mesh metal as a support for the full-mouth denture, and the wound is wounded to heal the wound, and the denture or the full-mouth denture can be attached, as disclosed in the case of U.S. Patent No. 4,741,698.
  • the artificial root has different cladding or auxiliary design than the pile.
  • the overall structure focuses on the fixed problem.
  • the advantage is that the dispersed part can be stressed on the alveolar cortical bone and the stability of the pile can be improved. One of them is shown in Fig. 2A.
  • the implant needs to be osseointegrated with the alveolar bone, and then the abutment is connected to make a denture, and finally the upper repair is completed.
  • This kind of prosthesis consists of multiple components such as implants, abutments, crowns, screws, etc. It requires many operations and lengthy and complicated procedures. Patients need to suffer physical and mental pain, resulting in considerable inconvenience. And bothered.
  • Intraosseous osseointegration implants must be osseointegrated under no-load conditions. Premature force can cause osseointegration failure. Therefore, installation must be performed in stages, and patients must endure non-functional inconvenience for a long time.
  • some of the one-stage intraosseous osseointegration and edentulous restorations can be used to install non-functional temporary dentures for aesthetic purposes.
  • the gingival tissue is combined with the implant and is bonded to the surface of the implant by the epithelium, which is wrapped in a neckline-like neckl ine.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,991,462 discloses an integrated IAC-Integrated Abutment Crowns system, as shown in Figure 3B, which bonds the crown to the abutment outside the mouth, although the system addresses the abutment and crown.
  • the problem caused by the gap but because of the system and implant segmentation and installation, there is still a micro-gap problem at the joint between the implant and the abutment.
  • the temporary denture must be removed during the impression, it is destroyed.
  • the above-mentioned so-called cuffs are susceptible to bacterial infection, and there are also many operations and lengthy and complicated procedures, as well as the problem of no immediate occlusion function.
  • the labial side of the healthy teeth and the lingual alveolar ridge have a lower concave height, and the alveolar spine between the teeth and the interproximal area has a higher convex height, so the alveolar ridge top is undulating. shape.
  • the implant neck alveolar bone is repaired, the average loss of 1. 0mm per year is a problem that the implant repairs the headache of the doctor and the patient.
  • the neck 5 of the implant is designed in the shape of a Curve to facilitate the close combination of different tissues of the gingiva, thereby avoiding the shrinkage of the biological width, as shown in Fig. 3A.
  • this design neglects the undulating structure of the alveolar ridge top, and it is still difficult to avoid the absorption of the Bone peak of the interdental alveolar ridge top, and the problem of the gap origination of the joint of the member cannot be avoided. The most important thing is that the occlusion function is still not possible.
  • the alveolar area without implants has no functional atrophy, and there is considerable repair of the whole mouth without teeth. Disadvantages. Subperiosteal implant repair is also limited by four pillars. The surface of the alveolar bone covered by the bottom mesh metal mesh is limited, and the unstressed alveolar bone will also face the problem of non-functional atrophy, causing the denture to loosen and fall off. The phenomenon of dentures cannot be used.
  • the implants are grounded before the house is built. If the site is not solid enough, the stability of the house is not enough. Bone loss caused by insufficient height, width and bone density of the alveolar bone is not suitable for implanted edentulous restoration. This is a serious problem that is common in elderly patients.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an implantable artificial tooth that is once completed and has immediate function and related techniques.
  • the present invention contemplates a specially constructed artificial tooth, and a series of related techniques for manufacturing and mounting the artificial tooth.
  • the structure of the artificial tooth includes an artificial tooth; a tooth neck, the neck has a narrow waist and a waist-like shape of the upper and lower sections; an artificial gum bed, the bottom surface of the artificial gum is completely attached and sits on the cogging
  • the surface of the bone to carry the bite force of the artificial tooth; an artificial root for implanting the alveolar bone; the artificial root, the artificial gum, the neck and the artificial tooth are integrally formed.
  • the related art for manufacturing and installing the artificial tooth includes a liquid plucking technique; a digital articulator design; a trial denture design; and a computer aided design software.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic views of the prior art
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of the prior art
  • 3A and 3B are schematic views of the prior art
  • 4A and 4B are schematic side views of the 45° angle of the first embodiment
  • 5A and 5B are schematic side views of a 45° angle of the second embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the third embodiment
  • 7A, 7B and 7C are schematic views showing different forms of the fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 11A and 11B are schematic views of the eighth embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a ninth embodiment
  • 13A and 13B are schematic views of the trial dummy.
  • Implant 1 abutment 2 strut 3 abutment crown 4 neck 5 artificial root 10 concave 101 perforation 102 artificial gum 11 through hole 111 neck 12 pocket 121 artificial tooth 13 submerged slot 131 artificial gum 14 shoulder 15 bolt 16 test Dentures 20 through holes 21 artificial teeth 22 artificial gums 23 artificial roots 24 columns 25 necks 26
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic views of the prior art.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of the prior art.
  • 3A and 3B are technical views of the prior art.
  • 4A and 4B are schematic side views of the 45° angle of the first embodiment.
  • 5A and 5B are schematic side views of the 45° angle of the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational view showing the third embodiment.
  • 7A, 7B and 7C are schematic views showing different forms of the fourth embodiment.
  • 8A and 8B are front and side views of the fifth embodiment.
  • 9A and 9B are front and side views of a sixth embodiment.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 11A and 11B are schematic views of an eighth embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a ninth embodiment.
  • 13A and 13B are schematic views of the trial dummy.
  • the first embodiment of the artificial tooth of the present invention includes:
  • an artificial root 10 for implantation in the alveolar bone in order to increase the tightness of the integration of the artificial root and the alveolar bone, the artificial root portion may be set to a rough surface or have a concave 101 (Fig. 4B) 5B, 10B), or a different structure such as a lateral perforation 102 is provided on the artificial root.
  • An artificial gum bed 11 is arranged on the artificial root 10, and the bottom surface of the artificial gum 11 is completely attached, and sits on the surface of the alveolar bone, so that the surface of the alveolar bone has a firmer cortical bone to bear the bite force.
  • a neck 12 is disposed on the artificial gum 11 and the neck 12 has a waist-like shape with a narrow upper and lower width.
  • An artificial tooth 13, is disposed on the neck 12.
  • the artificial root 10, the artificial gum 11, the neck 12 and the artificial tooth 13 described above are integrally formed.
  • the invention utilizes the bottom surface of the artificial gum bed 11 to be completely attached, and sits on the surface of the alveolar bone to make the bite force of the cortical bone with a relatively solid surface structure of the alveolar bone, so that no osseointegration is required, and the artificial tooth is implanted on the same day. With immediate bite function.
  • the structural design of the artificial tooth bed 11 is a key factor in the present invention that has an immediate occlusion function after one operation.
  • the present invention is an integrally formed structure, so that there is no problem that the repair of the joint at the joint of the member fails in the general missing tooth repair.
  • the bottom surface of the artificial tooth bed 11 is completely attached, and sits on the surface of the alveolar bone to carry the task of carrying the load, thereby reducing the artificial root 10 to generate micro force when the force is applied. Move, avoid the micro-motion spacing is too large and cause implant failure.
  • the occlusal stress can avoid the absorption of the alveolar ridge top, and can also be used as an alternative structure of the alveolar spine, so as to prevent the biological width from receding toward the root, so that the root is exposed and the appearance is affected. The problem.
  • the alveolar bone can be always subjected to the force state, and the atrophic bone atrophy or bone loss is prevented.
  • the thickness of the artificial gum can be adjusted according to the atrophic state of the alveolar bone, and the atrophic alveolar bone is raised, so that there is no problem that the condition of the alveolar bone is limited.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B which is a second embodiment of the present invention
  • the main structure in this embodiment is similar to that of the previous embodiment, except that an artificial gum is disposed at the joint of the artificial tooth and the neck 12. 14, in order to make the complexion of the gums better, and to avoid dirt and dirt in the sulcus.
  • the plurality of recesses 121 may be disposed on the neck 12 to allow the fibers of the connective tissue of the gum to adhere to the three-dimensional surface, which is better than the portion of the neck portion 12.
  • the combination makes the cuff bio-enclosure effect better, avoids the absorption of the alveolar ridge top, and the biological width caused by the root receding, so that the root exposure affects the aesthetic problem.
  • the main structure in this embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, except that the artificial gum 11 is formed by shoulders 15 of different shapes. Instead, the shoulder 15 covers the cortical bone of the alveolar bone and has three functions: 1.
  • the structure allows the hard cortical bone to bear the bite force.
  • the structure allows the alveolar spine to withstand stress without atrophy.
  • it can be used as an alternative structure for the alveolar spine, so that the biological width does not move to the root, causing aesthetic problems.
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B which is a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • the main structure is similar to the fourth embodiment in this embodiment, except that the neck 12 and the shoulder 15 are undulating, It conforms to the shape of the alveolar ridge of the original healthy tooth. It can avoid the height retraction of the alveolar ridge top, and the resulting biological width retreats to the root, so that the root exposure affects the aesthetic problem.
  • FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B which is a sixth embodiment of the present invention
  • the main structure and the first embodiment in this embodiment is similar, except that the lower side of the artificial tooth is adjacent to the neck 12, and a recess 131 is formed in each recess for receiving the gum, thereby allowing the gum to be wrapped in the submerged slot to avoid sputum.
  • the food in the ditch is stuffed with bacteria.
  • the main structure is similar to that of the first embodiment in the present embodiment, except that the artificial gum 11 is provided with a plurality of through holes 111, and the like.
  • the hole 111 penetrates from the top surface of the artificial tooth bed 11 to the bottom surface, and the arrangement of the through holes allows the alveolar bone to be tightly coupled to the artificial gum bed 11.
  • the main structure includes the artificial root 10, the neck 12 and the artificial tooth 13 in the present embodiment, which differs from the foregoing embodiment in the artificial root 10
  • a bolt 16 is placed underneath, and the pressure applied by the artificial root 10 is mostly carried by the hard cortical bone at both ends of the bolt, so as to achieve the purpose of the occlusion function immediately after the artificial tooth is implanted.
  • the structure of the present invention can be applied to the repair of a single, partial or full-mouth missing tooth, and both upper and lower jaws can be applied, which is a full-mouth missing tooth repair.
  • the test dummy tooth 20 is provided with a through hole 21 through which the top surface of the artificial tooth 22 penetrates to the bottom surface of the artificial tooth bed 23.
  • the artificial tooth root 23 is provided with an artificial root 24 on the bottom surface thereof, which is slightly smaller than the artificial root in the formal artificial tooth.
  • the top surface of the artificial root 24 is provided with a column portion 25, which can be inserted into the through hole 21, so that the artificial The root 24 is combined with the artificial gum 23, the neck 26 and the artificial tooth 22 to form a denture.
  • the structure In addition to the above-described structure of the artificial tooth having the immediate occlusion function, the structure must be combined with the following key related technologies to complete the edentulous restoration at one time and have the purpose of immediate function.
  • the present invention obtains a more complete gingival shape by liquid modulating, which is to carry the developer during CT tomography.
  • the mouth such as barium sulfate, etc.
  • the developer will make a clear distinction between the gums, lips and tongue in the mouth.
  • This liquid molding technique can not only achieve the traditional impression can not be correctly displayed.
  • the shape of the gum surface can also be used to obtain the thickness of the gums on various parts of the alveolar bone, so as to reserve an appropriate space between the artificial gum and the artificial gum, which is beneficial to the manufacture of the artificial tooth.
  • the liquid sizing technique is the first key factor in the present invention to complete edentulous restoration at one time.
  • the digital articulator design is the second key factor in the present invention to complete the edentulous restoration at one time.
  • the prosthetic tooth is designed to be able to quickly and correctly mount the artificial tooth.
  • the trial denture 20 comprises: an upper structure 201 consisting of an artificial tooth 22, a neck 26, and an artificial gum 23; the upper structure is provided with a through hole 21 through which the top surface of the artificial tooth 22 penetrates to the artificial gum The bottom surface of 23 . as well as,
  • a lower structure 202 includes an artificial root 24 disposed on the bottom surface of the artificial gum 23, and a column portion 25 disposed on the top surface of the artificial root 24, the top surface of the column portion 25 conforming to the shape of the top surface of the artificial tooth 22. , as shown in Figure 13A.
  • the column portion 25 has a diameter similar to that of the through hole 21, and can be inserted into the through hole 21 to join the upper and lower structures together to form a fitting denture as shown in Fig. 13B.
  • the upper structure 201 is used for testing the fit to the alveolar bone surface, and the through hole 21 can be used as a guiding hole when drilling the alveolar bone to obtain an artificial root implant with a correct position, angle and size. hole.
  • the artificial root 24 of the combined prosthetic denture can be used to confirm the position, angle and size of the implanted hole again.
  • the size of the artificial root 24 is slightly smaller than the artificial root in the artificial tooth, so as to facilitate the loading. It is easy to pull out when the hole is implanted.
  • the shape, appearance and size of the test dummy are exactly the same as those of the artificial tooth.
  • the artificial tooth can be tested by the test dummy before the placement, so as to confirm the height, the occlusal surface or the position and correct it in real time, so as to avoid the artificial tooth after the placement.
  • the correction is not easy.
  • the artificial tooth can be replaced to achieve a quick and correct installation effect, eliminating the traditional repeated mold-taking, trial-wearing and complicated grinding procedures, and avoiding the shortage of artificial tooth contamination.
  • Dental restoration Failed.
  • the fitting denture design is the third key factor in the present invention to complete the edentulous restoration at one time.
  • the artificial tooth of the present invention is designed by computer aided design (CAD) and computer controlled manufacturing (CAM) by first designing an artificial tooth using a computer aided design software.
  • CAD computer aided design
  • CAM computer controlled manufacturing
  • a model stereo image is taken, and the stereo image data obtained by the patient tomography is compared, and the size, width, and shape are adjusted, thereby designing a tooth groove suitable for the patient in the computer.
  • the physical stereoscopic image of the upper structure can be placed in the same appearance.
  • the artificial root of the appropriate size is attached, and then the virtual through-hole cutting tube, the retaining screw is cut, and the artificial dental bed is cut.
  • the cylindrical hole of the through hole and the retaining screw completes the step of computer-designed stereoscopic image of the artificial tooth.
  • the artificial root of the dummy tooth is attached at the bottom of the aforementioned stereoscopic image of the upper structure entity. Then, using the virtual circular cutting cylinder of the prosthetic column and the retaining screw, a superficial structure of the prosthetic denture having a cylindrical through hole is cut out, and an artificial root and a lower structure of the prosthetic denture with the column at the upper end thereof are connected. , Complete the steps of computer design to test the stereoscopic image of the denture.
  • the size of the virtual circular cutter of the column is larger than the size of the artificial root to enclose the artificial root in the virtual circular cut.
  • the software is designed with pre-built images and virtual tools, eliminating the traditional complicated methods of modulo, manufacturing, and modification. It can be manufactured accurately, quickly, and conveniently in large quantities, widths, shapes, and appearances. Customized artificial teeth.
  • the computer aided design software is the fourth key factor in the present invention to complete the edentulous restoration at one time.
  • the present invention has the following six characteristics:
  • the present invention is completely attached by the bottom surface of the artificial gum bed, and sits on the surface of the alveolar bone to make the surface of the alveolar bone
  • the solid cortical bone is used to bear the bite force, so no osseointegration is needed, and the artificial tooth body has the chewing and occlusion function on the day of implantation.
  • the invention utilizes the liquid plucking technology, the design of the digital articulator, the design of the trial denture, and the aid of the computer aided design software to complete the edentulous restoration at one time. Patients do not have to undergo lengthy and complicated repair procedures, causing psychological and physical pain and inconvenience. Achieving the expectation that the dentures will be available immediately after the average person expects to implant the teeth.
  • the structure of the present invention is an integrally formed structure, which can solve the problem of repair failure caused by the joint between the abutment and the crown, the implant and the like in the general edentulous restoration.
  • the invention utilizes the waist-shaped, wavy, concave design of the tooth neck, the design of the submerged groove of the tooth body, and the artificial gum structure, which can solve the biological width caused by the absorption of the alveolar ridge top and retreat to the root. So that the root exposure affects the aesthetic problem.
  • the artificial gum structure of the present invention can completely cover the surface of the alveolar bone in the edentulous region, and the cortical bone on the surface of the alveolar bone can bear the occlusal force on average, and can strengthen and thicken the cortical bone, and the alveolar bone does not function.
  • the artificial gum structure of the present invention can completely cover the surface of the alveolar bone in the edentulous region, and the cortical bone on the surface of the alveolar bone can bear the occlusal force on average, and can strengthen and thicken the cortical bone, and the alveolar bone does not function.
  • the structure of the present invention utilizes the arrangement of artificial gums, shoulders and traverse screws to transmit the force of the artificial teeth to the cortical bone with a relatively rigid structure, and can also be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the artificial dental bed.
  • Atrophic alveolar bone so even if the height, width and bone density of the alveolar bone are not enough, it can also be used to repair the missing teeth, which can solve the problem of bone condition limitation.
  • the present invention is a series of designs that achieve a special purpose by combining special structures and techniques.
  • the artificial tooth structure in the invention needs to be designed, manufactured and installed by assisting a series of related technologies in the invention, so as to achieve the purpose of completing the edentulous restoration once and having the function of immediate occlusion, the structure and technology seem to be two. A different thing, thing, but an invention that cannot be individually and independently formed.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Description

一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术 技术领域
本发明涉及人工牙, 特别是一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术。 背景技术
传统的缺牙修复方式大致可分为四类-
(A) .两阶段式骨内骨整合种植体的缺牙修复
就是平常最常见的植牙,这种做法在许多的先前专利案件,如美国专利第 6322364、 6916177、 6991463、 6655962号案件, 都己有了详细的揭露。
此种缺牙修复需先开刀植入种植体后缝合牙龈, 将种植体埋在牙龈下, 让种植体 1与齿槽骨骨整合, 4- 6个月后再切开牙龈接上基台 2, 使种植体露出在口腔中, 再次 缝合牙龈, 待牙龈愈合后取模, 最后才将人工牙装上完成整个缺牙修复的动作。
这种方式的优点是, 种植体骨结合好, 不易感染远期效果好, 成功率高。 如图 1A 所示。
(B) . 一阶段式骨内骨整合种植体的缺牙修复
将种植体 1和基台 2结合成一体, 开刀时即将基台外露于口腔中, 待 4 - 6周种植 体稳定后,取模并完成最终修复体。如美国专利第 6981873、6887077、6746244、6733291、 7207800 号案件所揭露。 此种种植体在齿槽骨内接受一定范围的应力, 可以安装无功 能立即负载的临时假牙, 以达到美观的目的, 等待二个月左右的骨整合后, 再取模换 上正式的假牙。
这种方式的优点是减少一次开刀, 又有美观的作用。 如图 1B所示。
(0 . 骨膜下种植体的缺牙修复
早期的作法是先将牙龈切开, 将齿槽外露取模再缝合牙龈, 1-2周做好种植体后, 再次幵刀切开牙龈, 将网状金属种植体 1安置于齿槽骨之上, 同时在网状金属上露出 四支支柱 3, 做为全口假牙的支撑, 缝合牙龈待伤口愈合, 即可装上义齿或全口假牙, 如美国专利第 4741698号案件所揭露。
此种缺牙修复的优点是将牙齿的受力由齿槽骨皮质骨来支撑, 即使骨质条件不好 的病患亦可安装。 如图 2B所示。 (D) . 具有 U型或鞍型、 覆盖型等具跨座式结构, 或设有唇状物、 凸缘、 肩状物等 辅助构件的种植体 1的缺牙修复。
例如: 美国专利第 5906489、 4702697、 5052930、 5513989、 4121340、 4379694、 5201736、 6287118、 4321914、 4531916、 中国专利第 CN1537516号案件所揭露的。
此种人工牙根有不同于基桩的包覆或辅助设计, 整体结构着重在固定的问题上, 优点是能分散部分受力于齿槽皮质骨上, 并可提高基桩的稳固性。 图 2A所示为其中一 种。
所有这些前案虽各具优点, 但却都共同或个别具有下列问题、 缺点:
1、 病患需接受多次手术及冗长而繁复的修复手续。
一般种植体需与齿槽骨产生骨整合后, 再连接基台制作假牙, 最后才完成上部修 复。
这种修复体由种植体、 基台、 牙冠、 螺丝等多个构件所组成, 需经多次手术及冗 长而繁复手续, 病患需承受生理及精神上的痛苦, 造成相当程度的不方便和困扰。
虽然一阶段式骨内骨整合种植体的缺牙修复, 可以减少一次幵刀, 但也仍需后续 冗长而繁复的手续, 一样不方便和困扰。
2、 缺乏立即负载和立即咬合功能
骨内骨整合式种植体必须在无负荷状态下骨整合, 过早受力会造成骨整合失败, 所以必须分段实施安装, 病人必须长时间的忍受无功能的不便利。
虽然部分一阶段式骨内骨整合缺牙修复, 可以安装无功能的临时假牙, 以达到美 观的目的。 但由于很难保证患者在咬合时, 种植体与牙槽骨之间的微动 (Micro-movement) , 不会影响种植体的骨整合, 所以一般是在手术一个月后才开始逐 渐负载, 仍需忍受 2- 3个月几乎是无功能的咬合。
另外, 虽然临床上可在全口无牙患者的下颌植入 4个种植体, 在上颌植入 6个种 植体后,再在种植体接上横杠 (Bar) ,利用多颗种植体建立的机械性锁合功能分散应力, 而即刻安装上整口假牙, 当天即刻负载并恢复咀嚼功能。 但是该项缺牙修复, 病患本 身必须有相当高的条件限制, 大部分限定使用在骨质流失不严重的下颌修复, 骨质流 失严重的病患及上颌都不适合用此种缺牙修复。 而且未植入的部位, 会因为无功能性 刺激而继续萎缩。
3、 构件接合处缝隙所衍生的头痛问题
牙龈组织与种植体结合,是由结合上皮黏附种植体表面,呈领口样 neckl ine包绕, 而形成生物学封闭, 也就是所谓的袖口 (cuff )。 这是种植体的大门, 是牙周组织最薄 弱的部位, 也是种植体成功的关键。
由于种植体、 基台、 牙冠等构件分段实施植入及安装, 基台与牙冠的接合处会有 缝隙(即边缘 Margin) , 此缝隙的接着剂形成的粗糙表面, 以及植体和基台连接处的微 缝隙 (microgap)中, 都容易附着细菌侵入袖口, 往往是种植失败过程的开端。
美国专利第 6991462号案件,揭露一个一体化基台冠 4 (IAC- -Integrated Abutment Crowns)系统, 如图 3B所示, 在口外将牙冠黏结于基台, 虽然该系统解决基台和牙冠 间缝隙所衍生的问题, 但因该系统与植体分段植入及安装, 仍存在种植体与基台接合 处的微缝隙问题, 而且, 由于印模时必须移除临时假牙, 反而破坏了上述所谓的袖口, 易遭细菌感染, 同时也存在多次手术及冗长而繁复手续, 以及无立即咬合功能的问题。
4、 牙槽脊骨吸收影响修复后的美学效果
健康牙齿的唇侧与舌侧牙槽脊骨成凹面高度较低, 而牙齿与邻牙之间 (interproximal area)的牙槽脊骨成凸面高度较高, 所以牙槽脊顶是呈成波浪起伏状。
但是由于: a.牙槽脊顶缺乏自然牙的牙周韧带的拉应力刺激, b.种植体顶部平面 结构, c.骨整合时期无功能性刺激, d.种植体和基台间的缝隙存在的细菌等因素, 所 造成牙槽脊顶萎缩、 吸收, 会导致生物学宽度 (Biologic width)根向后退、 牙龈萎缩, 使得种植体或基台暴露, 影响修复后的美学效果。
根据临床经验, 种植体颈部牙槽骨于修复时, 一年平均丧失 1. 0mm, 这是种植体 修复上令医师及患者头痛的问题。
有一种波浪型颈部的植体设计, 如美国专利第 6527554、 6537069、 6854972、 7090494、 7291013号案件所揭露的, 都将植体颈部设计成波浪型, 但这些设计仍未解 决构件接合处缝隙所衍生的问题, 也都同时存在多次手术及冗长而繁复的手续, 以及 缺乏立即负载和立即咬合功能等问题。
另外, 有一种如美国专利第 6981873号案例中所揭露的, 将植体的颈部 5设计成 Curve形状, 以利牙龈不同组织的紧密结合,可避免生物学宽度的退缩,如图 3A所示, 但此设计却忽略了前述牙槽脊顶呈波浪起伏状的构造, 仍难避免齿间牙槽脊顶 Bone peak的吸收, 另外也无法避免构件接合处缝隙衍生的问题。 最重要的是仍无法做到立 即咬合功能。
5、 齿槽骨萎缩问题
缺牙修复后, 未植入植体的牙槽区继绩无功能性萎缩, 对全口无牙的修复有相当 不利的缺点。 骨膜下种植修复也因只突出四支支柱, 底部网状金属网所覆盖的齿槽骨 表面积有限, 未受力的齿槽骨也会面临无功能性萎缩的问题, 导致假牙松动、 脱落, 而无法使用假牙的现象。
6、 骨质的条件限制问题
植牙像盖房子之前先打地基, 若地盘不够扎实, 房子的稳定性不够。 骨质流失致 齿槽骨高度、 宽度、 骨密度不够的, 都不适合种植缺牙修复, 这是普遍存在于老年病 患的严重问题。
针对上述六项问题, 申 i青人设计一特殊结构的人工牙体, 配合数项特殊的制作技 术, 解决上述人工植牙普遍存在的头痛问题。 发明内容 '
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相 关技术。
为达成上述目的, 本发明设计一特殊结构的人工牙体, 及一系列的相关技术, 用 来制造及安装此一人工牙体。 其中人工牙体的构造, 包含有一人工牙齿; 一牙颈, 该 牙颈呈现中段较窄而上下段渐宽的束腰状; 一人工牙床, 该人工牙床底面完全贴附并 跨坐于齿槽骨表面, 以承载人工牙齿承受的咬合力; 一人工牙根, 用于植入齿槽骨; 该人工牙根、 人工牙床、 牙颈与人工牙齿是一体成型的结构。 其中用来制造及安装此 一人工牙体的相关技术, 包含有一液体取模技术; 一数字咬合器的设计; 一试装假牙 的设计; 一计算机辅助设计软件。 附图说明
图 1A与图 1B为前案技术图;
图 2A与图 2B为前案技术图;
图 3A与图 3B为前案技术图;
图 4A与图 4B为第一实施例的 45°角侧面示意图;
图 5A与图 5B为第二实施例的 45°角侧面示意图;
图 6为第三实施例的正面示意图;
图 7A、 图 7B与图 7C为第四实施例不同形态的示意图;
图 8A与图 8B为第五实施例的正面与侧面示意图; 图 9A与图 9B为第六实施例的正面与侧面示意图; 图 10为第七实施例的断面示意图;
图 11A与图 11B为第八实施例的示意图;。
图 12为第九实施例的示意图;
图 13A与图 13B为试装假牙的示意图。
【主要组件符号说明】
种植体 1 基台 2 支柱 3 基台冠 4 颈部 5 人工牙根 10 凹纹 101 穿孔 102 人工牙床 11 贯孔 111 牙颈 12 凹穴 121 人工牙齿 13 潜槽 131 人工牙龈 14 肩部 15 螺栓 16 试装假牙 20 通孔 21 人工牙齿 22 人工牙床 23 人工牙根 24 柱部 25 牙颈 26
具体实施方式
为了说明本发明的特征及功效, 以下兹举九个实施例配合图式详细说明如后。 图 1A与图 1B为前案技术图。
图 2A与图 2B为前案技术图。
图 3A与图 3B为前案技术图。
图 4A与图 4B为第一实施例的 45°角侧面示意图。
图 5A与图 5B为第二实施例的 45°角侧面示意图。
图 6为第三实施例的正面示意图。
图 7A、 图 7B与图 7C为第四实施例不同形态的示意图。
图 8A与图 8B为第五实施例的正面与侧面示意图。
图 9A与图 9B为第六实施例的正面与侧面示意图。
图 10为第七实施例的断面示意图。
图 11A与图 11B为第八实施例的示意图。
图 12为第九实施例的示意图。
图 13A与图 13B为试装假牙的示意图。
如图 4A及图 4B所示, 为本发明人工牙体的第一实施例, 包含有:
一人工牙根 10, 用于植入于齿槽骨, 为了增加该人工牙根与齿槽骨骨整合的紧密 性, 该人工牙根的部分可以设置成粗糙的表面或是有凹纹 101 (如图 4B、 图 5B、 图 10B 所示), 或是在人工牙根上设置横向的穿孔 102等等不同的结构。
一人工牙床 11, 设于该人工牙根 10上, 人工牙床 11底面完全贴附, 并跨坐于齿 槽骨表面, 让齿槽骨表面结构较坚实的皮质骨来承受咬合力。
一牙颈 12, 设于该人工牙床 11上, 该牙颈 12呈现中段窄上下渐宽的束腰状。 一人工牙齿 13, 设于该牙颈 12上。
上述的人工牙根 10、 人工牙床 11、 牙颈 12与人工牙齿 13是一体成型的结构。 本发明是利用人工牙床 11底面完全贴附, 并跨坐于齿槽骨表面, 让齿槽骨表面结 构较坚实的皮质骨来承受咬合力, 所以不需骨整合, 人工牙体植入当天即具备立即咬 合功能。
该人工牙床 11的结构设计, 是本发明中在一次手术后, 就具备立即咬合功能的关 键性因素。 本发明是一体成型的构造, 所以没有一般缺牙修复中, 构件接合处缝隙所造成修 复失败的问题。 而且, 在植牙时借助相关技术, 只需开一次刀, 将一体成型的人工牙 体植入, 不需分段实施, 一次就可完成缺牙修复。
当该人工牙体被植入时, 该人工牙床 11底面就完全贴附, 并跨坐于齿槽骨表面, 负起承载负重的任务, 如此一来可以减少人工牙根 10在受力时产生微动, 避免微动间 距过大而造成植牙失败。
另外, 人工牙床 11安置于牙槽顶部, 咬合应力可避免牙槽脊顶吸收, 也可做为牙 槽脊骨的替代结构, 避免生物学宽度往根方后退, 以致于牙根外露、 影响美观上的问 题。
又, 由于人工牙齿的咬合力会被平均的传导分布于齿槽骨的表面, 所以能够让齿 槽骨一直处于受力状态, 避免齿槽骨无功能性萎缩或骨质流失。
而且, 本发明中人工牙床的厚度, 可以根据齿槽骨的萎缩状态作调整, 垫高已萎 缩的齿槽骨, 因此不会有齿槽骨条件限制的问题。
如图 5A与图 5B所示, 为本发明的第二实施例, 在本实施例中主要结构与前一实 施例相似, 不同之处在于该人工牙齿与牙颈 12的接合处设置有一人工牙龈 14, 以使 牙龈的复合还好, 并避免龈沟藏污纳垢。
如图 6本发明第三实施例所示, 该牙颈 12上也可以设置多个的凹穴 121, 让牙龈 结締组织的纤维附着在立体表面上, 与牙颈 12的部分有还好的结合, 使袖口生物学封 闭效果还好, 避免牙槽脊顶吸收, 所造成的生物学宽度往根方后退, 以致于牙根外露 影响美观上的问题。
如图 7A、 图 7B及图 7C所示, 为本发明的第四实施例, 在本实施例中主要结构与 第一实施例相似, 不同之处在于该人工牙床 11由不同形状的肩部 15取代, 该肩部 15 覆盖于牙槽骨的皮质骨上, 其作用有三: 一、 该结构可让结构较坚硬的皮质骨来承担 咬合力。 二、 该结构使牙槽脊骨承受应力而不致萎缩, 三、 可做为牙槽脊骨的替代结 构, 使生物学宽度不致于往根方移动, 造成美观上的问题。
如图 8A与图 8B所示, 为本发明的第五实施例, 在本实施例中主要结构与第四实 施例相似, 不同之处在于该牙颈 12与肩部 15呈波浪起伏状, 以符合原本健康牙齿的 牙槽脊顶的形态。 可避免牙槽脊顶的高度退缩, 所造成的生物学宽度往根方后退, 以 致于牙根外露影响美观上的问题。
如图 9A与图 9B所示, 为本发明的第六实施例, 在本实施例中主要结构与第一实 施例相似, 不同之处在于该人工牙齿两侧的下方, 邻近该牙颈 12 处各凹设有一潜槽 131, 用于容纳牙龈, 通过此可以让牙龈被包覆于该潜槽, 避免龈沟内塞入食物滋生细 菌。
如图 10所示,为本发明的第七实施例,在本实施例中主要结构与第一实施例相似, 不同之处在于该人工牙床 11上设有多个的贯孔 111, 该等贯孔 111 自该人工牙床 11 的顶面贯穿至底面,通过此等贯孔的设置,可以使齿槽骨与人工牙床 11还紧密的结合。
如图 11A与图 11B所示, 为本发明的第八实施例, 在本实施例中主要结构包含有 人工牙根 10、牙颈 12以及人工牙齿 13, 与前述实施例不同之处在于人工牙根 10的下 方横设一螺栓 16, 人工牙根 10承受的压力, 大部分由该螺栓两端结构较坚硬的皮质 骨来承担, 以达到人工牙体植入后立即具备咬合功能的目的。
如图 12所示, 为本发明的第九实施例, 本发明的结构可以运用于单颗、 局部或是 全口缺牙的修复, 且上下颚皆可适用, 此为全口缺牙修复的实施例。
如图 13A及图 13B所示, 为本发明中的试装假牙 20, 该试装假牙设有一通孔 21, 由该人工牙齿 22的顶面贯穿至该人工牙床 23的底面。
该人工牙床 23底面设有人工牙根 24, 其尺寸略小于正式人工牙体中的人工牙根, 该人工牙根 24的顶面设有一柱部 25, 可插设于该通孔 21, 而使该人工牙根 24与人工 牙床 23、 牙颈 26及人工牙齿 22结合在一起而成试装假牙。
本发明除了上述具备立即咬合功能的人工牙体的结构, 结构必须与下列几个关键 性的相关技术结合, 才能一次就完成缺牙修复, 并具立即功能的目的。
(1) .液体取模技术
以往缺牙修复时, 都是以印模的方式来取得口腔内牙齿的立体形状, 但是在印模 时牙龈会受到压迫而变形, 所取得的立体形状较不正确。
为了能够取得完整的齿槽骨与未受到压迫变形的牙龈的立体形状, 本发明是以液 体取模的方式来取得较完整的牙龈形状, 其做法是在进行 CT断层扫描时, 将显影剂含 于口中, 例如硫酸钡等, 使口腔内充满显影剂, 此显影剂会将口中牙龈、 嘴唇及舌部 做明显的区分, 此种液体取模技术, 不但可取得传统印模无法正确表现出来的牙龈表 面形状, 还可通过此取得齿槽骨上各部位的牙龈厚度, 以便在人工牙龈和人工牙床间 预留适当的空间, 利于人工牙体的制造。
该液体取模技术, 是本发明中一次就能完成缺牙修复的第一个关键性因素。
(2) 数字咬合器设计 以液体取模的方式取得口腔的立体影像数据后, 再以这些数据在计算机中建构出 整个立体的口腔模型, 然后将下颚骨后两端的 condylar process的特定点连成一线, 使这一条虚拟的线成为下颚骨摆动的转轴, 而在计算机中建置一虚拟的咬合器, 通过 此来模拟上下颚骨在咬合时牙齿的相对关系和位置。
此数字咬合器设计和传统咬合器不同之处, 在于传统是在体外以模拟的方式, 将 上下牙模置于一般的咬合器上, 所以上下牙间的相对位置与角度以及咬合关系, 难免 跟实际有误差,而数字咬合器直接在计算机 3D影像上设计,非常准确不会有任何误差。
而经由这样的检测与核对, 让上下牙的相关位置及角度和咬合关系没有误差, 制 造出来的人工牙体还准确, 不必有试戴的程序, 也可减少事后修磨的麻烦。
该数字咬合器设计, 是本发明中一次就能完成缺牙修复的第二个关键性因素。
(3) 试装假牙的设计
试装假牙是为了能还快速且正确的装设人工牙体而设计。
该试装假牙 20包含: 一上部结构 201 , 由一人工牙齿 22、 一牙颈 26、 一人工牙 床 23组成; 上部结构设有一通孔 21, 由该人工牙齿 22的顶面贯穿至该人工牙床 23 的底面。 以及,
一下部结构 202, 包括一人工牙根 24, 设在该人工牙床 23底面, 一柱部 25, 设 在该人工牙根 24的顶面, 该柱部 25的顶面与人工牙齿 22的顶面形状相符, 如图 13A 所示。
该柱部 25直径与通孔 21—样,可插入通孔 21而使上下两部结构结合在一起成为 试装假牙, 如图 13B所示。
上部结构 201用来测试与牙槽骨表面的适合性,其通孔 21可做为在牙槽骨上钻孔 时的导引孔, 以获得一位置及角度和大小都正确的人工牙根植入孔。
结合后的试装假牙的人工牙根 24, 可用来再一次确认所钻的植入孔的位置及角度 和大小, 该人工牙根 24的尺寸略小于人工牙体中的人工牙根, 以便于试装入植入孔时 容易拔出, 除此之外, 试装假牙的形状、 外观、 大小与该人工牙体完全一样。
通过由该试装假牙的设置, 可以使人工牙体在安置之前, 先由试装假牙来测试, 以进行高度、 咬合面或位置等问题的最后确认并实时修正, 避免人工牙体在安置之后 修正不易。
在试装假牙测试完成之后, 便可换装人工牙体, 以达到快速和正确的安装效果, 免除传统一再取模、 试戴及繁复的修磨手续, 并可避免人工牙体受污染造成缺牙修复 失败。
该试装假牙设计, 是本发明中一次就能完成缺牙修复的第三个关键性因素。
(4)计算机辅助设计软件
本发明的人工牙体是透过计算机辅助设计 (CAD)与计算机控制制造 (CAM), 其做法 是先用一计算机辅助设计软件来设计人工牙体。
该软件的设计步骤如下:
先在计算机数据库中建置下列数据备用: 1.一模型人工牙体上部结构的模型立体 影像。 2.—人工牙体的人工牙根及一试装假牙的人工牙根的立体影像。 3.—贯孔、 固 位螺丝、 试装假牙柱部的虚拟中空圆形切筒。 该人工牙根与所有虚拟切筒的尺寸虽然 都不同, 但都是配对设置, 而互相对应成一组。
在进行计算机辅助设计时, 先取一模型立体影像, 与患者断层扫描所取得的立体 影像数据进行比对, 并做大小、 宽窄、 形状的调整, 通过此在计算机中设计出适合于 患者齿槽骨、 外观一样而能安置其上之上部结构的实体立体影像。
然后, 视病人牙槽骨及该上部结构情况, 在此上部结构实体立体影像底部, 接上 大小尺寸适当的人工牙根, 再用虚拟的贯孔切筒、 固位螺丝切筒, 在人工牙床切出贯 孔和固位螺丝的圆柱形孔洞, 完成计算机设计的人工牙体立体影像的步骤。
另外, 在前述上部结构实体立体影像底部, 接上试装假牙的人工牙根。 再用试装 假牙柱部、 固位螺丝的虚拟圆形切筒, 切出一个有圆柱形通孔的试装假牙上部结构, 以及一个人工牙根和其上端连接有柱部的试装假牙下部结构, 完成计算机设计试装假 牙立体影像的步骤。
该柱部的虚拟圆形切筒的尺寸, 要大于该人工牙根的尺寸, 才能将该人工牙根包 含在虚拟圆形切筒内。
在计算机中完成上述两个立体影像设计后, 再通过由计算机程控车床, 直接而准 确的制造出一组试装假牙, 以及一组人工牙体。
该软件的特点, 是以预先建置的影像及虚拟工具做设计, 免除传统繁复的取模、 制造、 修改手续, 又可精确、 快速、 方便的大量制造大小、 宽窄、 形状不同但外观完 全一样的客制化人工牙体。
该计算机辅助设计软件,是本发明中一次就能完成缺牙修复的第四个关键性因素。 总结上述说明, 本发明具有下列六个特点:
(1)本发明是利用人工牙床底面完全贴附, 并跨坐于齿槽骨表面, 让齿槽骨表面结 构较坚实的皮质骨来承受咬合力, 所以不需骨整合, 人工牙体植入当天即具备咀嚼咬 合功能。
(2)本发明利用液体取模技术、 数字咬合器的设计、试装假牙的设计、 计算机辅助 设计软件的辅助, 做到一次就完成缺牙修复。患者不必因接受冗长而繁复的修复手续, 造成心理和身体上的痛苦及不便。 达到一般人都期望植牙后, 马上就有假牙可用的愿 望。
(3)本发明的结构, 是一体成型的构造, 可解决一般缺牙修复中, 基台与牙冠、 种 植体等构件接合处缝隙所造成修复失败的问题
(4)本发明利用牙颈的束腰状、 波浪状、 凹穴设计, 及牙体的潜槽设计、 人工牙床 构造, 可解决牙槽脊顶吸收所造成的生物学宽度往根方后退, 以致于牙根外露影响美 观上的问题。
(5)本发明的人工牙床构造, 可完全覆盖缺牙区的齿槽骨表面, 由齿槽骨表面的皮 质骨平均承受咬合力, 可强化、 增厚皮质骨, 齿槽骨不会功能性萎缩。
(6)本发明的结构,是利用人工牙床、肩部及横设螺丝的设置,将人工牙齿的受力, 转由结构较坚硬的皮质骨来承受,也可用调整人工牙床厚度的方式垫高萎缩的齿槽骨, 所以纵使齿槽骨的高度、 宽度、 骨密度不够, 也可做缺牙修复, 可解决骨质条件限制 的问题。
由上述六项特点, 解决目前所有缺牙修复中普遍存在的问题, 尤其是一般患者最 在意的冗长而繁复的缺牙修复手续, 及缺牙造成美观和无咬合功能的缺点。
本发明是结合特殊的结构与技术, 达成一特殊目的的一系列设计。 发明案中的人 工牙体结构, 需通过助发明案中一系列的相关技术来设计、 制造及安装, 才能达到一 次就完成缺牙修复, 且具立即咬合功能的目的, 结构与技术看似两个不同的事、 物, 但实为一体而无法个别独立成案的发明。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人工 牙体包含有: 一人工牙床, 该人工牙床底面完全贴附并跨坐于齿槽骨表面, 让齿槽骨 表面结构较坚实的皮质骨, 来承受咬合力; 一牙颈, 设于该人工牙床上, 该牙颈呈现 中段窄而上下渐宽的束腰状; 一人工牙齿, 设于该牙颈上; 上述的人工牙床、 牙颈与 人工牙齿是一体成型的结构。
2. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该牙颈与人工牙床顶面呈波浪起伏状的设置, 以符合原本健康牙齿的牙 槽脊顶的形态。
3. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙体还含一人工牙根, 用于植入于齿槽骨。
4. 依据权利要求 3所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙体为一体成型的结构。
5. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙齿两侧的下方、 邻近该牙颈处各凹设有一潜槽。
6. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙齿与牙颈的接合处还设置有一人工牙龈。
7. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙床上设有多个贯孔, 该等贯孔自该人工牙床的顶面贯穿至底面。
8. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该牙颈上设有多个凹穴。
9. 依据权利要求 1所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该一体成型结构的人工牙体还设置有固位螺丝可将人工牙床固定在齿槽 骨上。 '
10. 一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人 工牙体包含有: 一人工牙齿; 一牙颈, 设于该人工牙齿底部, 该牙颈呈现中段窄上下 渐宽的束腰状; 一肩部, 设于牙颈下方。
11. 依据权利要求 10 所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其特征在于, 该肩部与牙颈都呈波浪起伏状的设置, 以符合健康牙齿的牙槽脊顶 的型态。
12. 依据权利要求 10 所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其中该牙颈上设有多个凹穴。 ,
13. 依据权利要求 10 所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙齿两侧的下方、 邻近该牙颈处各凹设有一潜槽。
14. 依据权利要求 10 所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其特征在于, 该肩部下方, 还设有一人工牙根。
15. 依据权利要求 14所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙齿、 牙颈与肩部、 人工牙根为一体成型的结构。 -
16. 一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 该人 工牙体包含有: 一人工牙根, 表面设有凹纹, 用于植入于齿槽骨; 一牙颈, 设于该人 工牙床上, 该牙颈呈现中段窄上下宽的束腰状; 一人工牙齿, 设于该牙颈上, 上述的 人工牙根、 牙颈与人工牙齿是一体成型的结构;
一螺栓, 横向设于齿槽骨, 该螺栓的两端皆设于齿槽骨的皮质层, 该螺栓的设置 位置是在该人工牙根的下方, 使该人工牙根在植入齿槽骨后可以立于该螺栓上, 利用 该螺栓横跨于较硬质的皮质层, 来承受人工牙根向下的下压力。
17. 依据权利要求 16 所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其特征在于, 该束腰状牙颈顶面与底面呈波浪起伏状的设置, 以符合健康牙齿的 牙槽脊顶的形态。
18. 依据权利要求 4所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 所述相关技术包含有一液体取模技术, 方法是在进行 CT断层扫描时, 暂 时将显影剂含于口中使口腔内充满显影剂,然后进行 CT扫描,此显影剂会将口中牙龈、 嘴唇及舌部做明显的区分, 通过此可以取得口腔立体影像与正确且无变形的牙龈形状 及厚度。
19. 依据权利要求 4所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 所述相关技术包含有一虚拟咬合器设计, 在取得口腔的立体影像后, 再 以这些数据在计算机中建构出整个立体的口腔模型, 并且透过将下颚骨后两端的 condylar process连成一线, 使这一条虚拟的线成为下颚骨摆动的转轴, 通过此来模 拟上下颚骨咬合时牙齿的相对位置和咬合关系。
20. 依据权利要求 4所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技术, 其特征在于, 所述相关技术包含有一试装假牙设计, 该试装假牙包含有:
一上部结构, 由一人工牙齿、 一牙颈、 一人工牙床组成; 上部结构设有一通孔由 该人工牙齿的顶面贯穿至该人工牙床的底面;
一下部结构, 包括一人工牙根, 设在该人工牙床底面, 一柱部, 设在该人工牙根 的顶面, 该柱部的顶面与人工牙齿的顶面形状相符, 该柱部直径与通孔一样, 可插入 通孔而使上下两部结构结合在一起成为试装假牙, 试装假牙除了人工牙根的尺寸略小 于人工牙体的人工牙根外, 其形状、 外观、 大小与该人工牙体完全一样。
21. 依据权利要求 4及 20所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关 技术, 其特征在于, 该人工牙体及试装假牙是透过一计算机辅助设计软件来设计, 该 软件的设计步骤如下:
先在计算机数据库中建置下列数据备用: a.—模型人工牙体上部结构的模型立体 影像; b.—人工牙体的人工牙根及一试装假牙的人工牙根的立体影像; c.一贯孔、 固 位螺丝、 试装假牙柱部的虚拟中空圆形切筒;
在进行计算机辅助设计时, 先取一模型人工牙体上部结构的模型立体影像, 与患 者断层扫描所取得的立体影像数据进行比对, 并做大小、 宽窄、 形状的调整, 通过此 在计算机中设计出形状适合于患者齿槽骨,而能安置其上的上部结构的实体立体影像, 然后, 视病人牙槽骨及上部结构情况, 在此上部结构实体立体影像底部, 接上大小尺 寸适当的人工牙根, 再用虚拟的贯孔切筒、 固位螺丝切筒, 在人工牙床切出贯孔和固 位螺丝的圆柱形孔洞, 完成计算机设计的人工牙体立体影像的步骤。
22. 依据权利要求 21 所述一次完成且具立即功能的植入式人工牙体及其相关技 术, 其特征在于, 该上部结构的实体立体影像底部, 接上试装假牙的人工牙根, 再用 试装假牙柱部、 固位螺丝的虚拟切筒, 切出一个有圆柱形通孔的试装假牙上部结构, 以及一个人工牙根和其上端连接有柱部的试装假牙下部结构, 完成计算机设计试装假 牙立体影像的步骤。
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