WO2010022387A1 - Procédé et appareil de lutte contre les maladies chroniques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de lutte contre les maladies chroniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010022387A1
WO2010022387A1 PCT/US2009/054747 US2009054747W WO2010022387A1 WO 2010022387 A1 WO2010022387 A1 WO 2010022387A1 US 2009054747 W US2009054747 W US 2009054747W WO 2010022387 A1 WO2010022387 A1 WO 2010022387A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
individual
blood glucose
glucose level
processor
physical activity
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Application number
PCT/US2009/054747
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas W. Hubbard
Eric Gyuricsko
Marta Satin-Smith
Mark W. Scerbo
Hector M. Garcia
Frederic D. Mckenzie
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Eastern Virginia Medical School
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Publication date
Application filed by Eastern Virginia Medical School filed Critical Eastern Virginia Medical School
Publication of WO2010022387A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010022387A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1112—Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1118—Determining activity level
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/30—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/06—Children, e.g. for attention deficit diagnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2505/00—Evaluating, monitoring or diagnosing in the context of a particular type of medical care
    • A61B2505/07—Home care
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to management of chronic diseases, and in particular to a method and apparatus for predicting the blood glucose level of a diabetic patient based upon periodic measurements of blood glucose levels after meals, quantifying physical exertions, physical activity, incentivizing the proper maintenance of blood glucose levels and physical activity within the predicted levels, and providing patient-specific disease management advice to the patient.
  • Obesity is pandemic. Over 1 billion people worldwide are obese with this number rising rapidly. This trend is clearly established in youth, with the number of overweight children tripling within the last 30 years. It is now estimated that 1 in 3 U.S. children are overweight or obese. Unfortunately, at least two-thirds of obese children 10 years and older will become obese adults.
  • Type 2 diabetes is now one of the most rapidly growing forms of diabetes in the United States and perhaps worldwide. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or loses its ability to efficiently use insulin. High or low blood glucose can harm blood vessels, cause heart attacks or strokes, and causes other health problems. There is no doubt that the driving force behind this obesity/diabetes trend is sedentary lifestyle, more unhealthy foods and larger portion sizes.
  • Consequences of poorly monitored and supervised therapies are several. Hypoglycemia is the most feared given its immediate potential for harm, including altered consciousness or loss of consciousness, and seizures. Hyperglycemia poses long-term risk of kidney, eye, nerve, and cardiovascular disease. Consequences can also be immediate including severe dehydration and coma.
  • Past practices for long-term monitoring of glucose control in patients relied on calendar information, which requires manually recording the blood glucose level of the individual through each day (and over many days) after meals and exercise.
  • the body uses more of the glucose in the blood, which results in a blood glucose concentration decrease and a risk that hypoglycemia may be encountered. Therefore, it is important for diabetics to plan their physical activity carefully to avoid serious complications.
  • the effect of exercise varies from one person to another, and depends on several factors, such as: duration of exercise, intensity of exercise, glucose level at the beginning of the exercise, level of hydration or dehydration and some other factors.
  • the present invention helps teenagers make healthy food choices, eat the right amounts of food, be active, stay at a healthy weight, and take glucose readings as planned with their doctors.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and method for receiving periodic measurements of the blood glucose level of an individual, as well as periodic measurements of the type, duration and intensity of the physical activity of the individual. Using this information, the apparatus and method of the present invention forms a predicted blood glucose level of the individual, which may be recursively refined as additional measurements are received. Upon further receiving measurements of the blood glucose level of the individual, the apparatus and method of the present invention determines whether the received measurement conforms to the predicted blood glucose value and provides feedback to the individual. According to preferred embodiments of the present invention, feedback may include an indication that the measured blood glucose level is too high or too low as well as provide encouragement for maintaining a blood glucose level within an predicted healthy range.
  • the apparatus and method of the present invention may provide, based upon the determination whether the received measurement conforms to the predicted blood glucose value, indications how to conform the individual's blood glucose level to the prediction, such as eating more at the next meal, eating less at the next meal, indicating to the individual to take insulin or indicating to the user to modify exercise.
  • Preferred embodiments of the apparatus and method of the present invention determine and provide rewards for maintenance a blood glucose level within a predetermined threshold of a predicted blood glucose level and for achieving certain levels of physical activity. Rewards may be determined based upon the amount of time the individual has conformed their blood glucose level to the predicted blood glucose values. Rewards may also be provided for performing physical activity and for compliance with providing timely measurements of blood glucose.
  • an embodiment means “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the present invention(s)" unless expressly specified otherwise.
  • the enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive.
  • the enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are collectively exhaustive of anything, unless expressly specified otherwise.
  • the enumerated listing of items does not imply that the items are ordered in any manner according to the order in which they are enumerated.
  • the present invention allows for the control and management of the blood glucose concentration of an individual and the prevention of many diabetic complications. This is achieved by calculating a model or predicted value of the blood glucose level of an individual through the day (or longer); the model based on one or both of periodic measurements of the blood glucose level of the individual at prescribed times during the day and the measurements of the physical activity level of the individual. Using this model, the individual can determine whether his or her current blood glucose level is within an acceptable range or tolerance, and using this information, determine whether to eat or drink , what to eat or drink, whether to exercise, how to exercise, and how long to exercise.
  • the model may be updated in a recursive manner; using the period measurements of blood glucose level and physical activity to refine the model or predicted blood glucose level over time.
  • the present invention is able to track and predict the glucose level at different times of the day and suggest certain recommendations if the level is not in the safe range or there is not any improvement noticed.
  • the application would be able to generate alarms or reminders when the glucose concentration exceeds the normal range threshold or when readings were not provided or missed. It is significant that the application helps the patient prevent reaching certain unsafe glucose levels, such as, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
  • Hypoglycemia occurs when levels of glucose in the blood are too low. It happens when the diabetic takes too much insulin, does not eat enough food, exercises vigorously without eating a snack, or waits too long between meals. Hyperglycemia develops when there is too much sugar in the blood; it can be caused by eating too much food or the wrong food, increased stress, or decreased activity and exercise.
  • apparatus of the present invention will now be described in detail. While separate components are described, one of ordinary skill will understand that the apparatus of the present invention may be a unified device containing all of the components in one housing or may be provided as separate components coupled in a wired or wireless manner, for example, USB, infrared, Bluetooth, etc.
  • a glucometer is provided for measuring the blood glucose level of an individual.
  • Blood glucose may be measured according to the understanding of one of ordinary skill, including but not limited to piercing the skin to directly sample the blood, continuous blood glucose monitoring using an implantable sensor, near IR detection, ultrasound and dielectric spectroscopy.
  • the glucometer may be integrated into a single device with other components of the present invention or it may be a separate device coupled to other components in a wired or wireless manner.
  • an accelerometer is provided for measuring the physical activity of the individual.
  • the accelerometer is a three-axis accelerometer capable of measuring both acceleration and gravity by sensing the amount of inertial force in a given direction.
  • the accelerometer may be integrated with other components of the present invention or it may be a separate device coupled to other components of the present invention in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the apparatus is provided with a clock.
  • the current time is provided to the apparatus of the present invention through an external source, for example, a cellular network, a Bluetooth connection, etc.
  • the clock may be periodically updated by connection to computer or docking station or over a wireless network, such as a Wi-Fi network, cellular network, etc.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is provided with a screen for displaying information visually to a user.
  • the screen may be color or black and white and may a liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, CRT display, etc.
  • the apparatus is provided with speakers and/or an audio output jack to allow a user to connect headphones.
  • processors are provided. Each processor is provided with associated memory for storing received data and calculations performed by the processor.
  • the processor may be an application specific processor or a general purpose processor running software enabling the processor to perform the functions of the present inventive method.
  • the processor is configured to receive periodic measurements of the blood glucose level from the glucometer and periodic measurements of the physical activity level of the individual from the accelerometer. Calculations or determinations made by the processor may be performed by one or more processors in an individual or shared manner.
  • Measurements from one or both of the glucometer and the accelerometer may be received by the processor in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the glucometer, the accelerometer and the processor may be directly connected and communicate in a wired manner or over a network.
  • the glucometer and accelerometer may also be operated as separate components and provide measurements when the components are physically connected or are joined on a network.
  • measurements from the glucometer and/or the accelerometer are provided to the processor at the time the measurement is taken, while in other embodiments, measurements are stored and provided at a later time.
  • the processor of the present invention is provided with stored measurements taken with an accelerometer during known exercises, such as cycling, running, walking, elliptical trainer, etc. Collected data movements for different types of exercises are used to characterize movements of different exercises.
  • the processor is configured to calculate the type, duration and intensity of the physical activity of the individual using measurements received from the accelerometer by comparison to these stored measurements. For example, being able to characterize the change of the Cartesian coordinates of a movement will allow the apparatus of the present invention to determine the type of exercise the individual is performing as well as the intensity.
  • the duration of the physical activity is provided to the processor with the measurements from the accelerometer. In other embodiments, the duration of the physical activity may be determined by the processor using the provided clock or an external time source.
  • the processor is configured to form a prediction of the blood glucose level of the individual.
  • the prediction can be based on one or more of baseline blood glucose values of the individual, periodic measurements of the blood glucose level of the individual received by the processor, periodic measurements of the physical activity of the individual as well as previous predictions of the individual's blood glucose level.
  • measurements of the blood glucose level can be received by the processor after the individual has eaten.
  • the time of the meal can be determined by the processor using the time provided by an internal clock or an external source.
  • the processor may be provided with periodic measurements of the physical activity level of the individual. Again, the time of the physical activity can be determined by the processor using the time provided by an internal clock or an external source. Since the amount of calories burned depends on the type and intensity of exercise, the processor determines the type, duration and intensity of the physical activity of the individual using the periodic measurements received from the accelerometer. By knowing the information concerning a certain physical activity (time duration, intensity of exercise, and calories or carbohydrates burned), the prediction of the exercise effect on glucose level will be more accurate. The change in blood glucose after exercise is going to be unique for each patient.
  • the prediction may be refined over time by using previous predictions as an input for future predictions.
  • Previous predictions of blood glucose level may be stored in memory associated with the processor. Additional embodiments envision storing predictions of blood glucose level of the individual external to the apparatus of the present invention, for example, using removable memory, a home computer or a server.
  • the processor is further configured to compare the predicted blood glucose level with one or more of the received blood glucose levels.
  • the comparison can include one or more of a subtraction of the received blood glucose level from the predicted blood glucose level to determine a difference value, division or multiplication to determine a percentage difference, etc.
  • the difference (or percentage difference) value may be used by the processor for various determinations. For example, if the processor determines, based upon the difference value, that received blood glucose measurement is lower or higher than a predetermined threshold, the processor may generate an alarm or reminder either visually or aurally to the user to respond accordingly. For example, if the processor determines that the received blood glucose level is below a certain threshold or lower than the predicted blood glucose level for that time of day, the user may be reminded to eat or drink to raise their blood glucose level to safe levels. The reminder may be provided in an audio fashion through a recording, visually or both. The user may also be reminded to eat more at their next meal.
  • the processor determines that the user's blood glucose level is higher than a certain threshold or higher than the predicted blood glucose level for that time of day, the user may be instructed to eat less at their next meal, or warned not too eat as much of the type of food consumed at their previous meal.
  • Different recommendations or suggestions may given to the patient by the apparatus according to the actual glucose level and the difference between predicted glucose level and the actual glucose level; for instance, if the glucose level goes below 60mg/dL, the apparatus will remind the patient about the "rule of 15," which is making sure to have 15 grams of sugar.
  • comments or compliments will be provided depending on the improvement and control of the glucose level.
  • alarms and alerts will be provided if any serious dangerous stage is encountered or for any irregular glucose behavior.
  • the apparatus is provided with a global positioning system device to locate the position of the individual.
  • the global positioning device may be used in conjunction with the accelerometer to determine the type, duration and intensity of the physical activity of the individual.
  • a transmitter is provided, such that if the processor determines that the blood glucose level is higher or lower than a predetermined threshold, the position of the user may be transmitted to the individual's physician or local emergency services for medical attention.
  • the transmitter may be used to transmit information for storage or analysis at another location. For example, the model or predicted blood glucose level may be transmitted to the physician of the user for tracking over time.
  • the last blood glucose measurement may be transmitted to the user's physician for analysis, in response to which the physician could send a message providing instructions to eat, rest, take insulin, etc. received by a provided antenna.
  • Glucometer information may be transmitted to a caretaker and can be entered into a data base to track patients' trends. It will be recognized that this also allows particular data indicating danger to be acted on emergently.
  • the present invention incentivizes proper maintenance of blood glucose level and can be used as a tool to help train individuals what and when to eat at as well how to exercise, for how long and at a particular intensity.
  • the processor is configured to determine whether the blood glucose level of the individual is within a certain threshold of a predicted value at a certain time.
  • the processor is configured to further determine an appropriate reward to be provided to the user based upon whether the blood glucose level is within the threshold. For example, the processor may provide predetermined encouraging remarks, stored music, games, provide access to websites, dispense points or credits, etc.
  • the processor stores previous recordings and glucose level readings of the patient. Based on the improvement of the glucose level, exercise, and many other factors that help and improve controlling the blood glucose level, the processor will determine a reward for the patient such as points, which can be used to download music, games, videos, and encourage him/her for the desired behavior and control of the glucose concentration.
  • the processor may determine the type or quantity of reward based upon the amount of time the user has maintained their blood glucose level within a threshold of the predicted value. For example, the processor, upon determining the user has maintained his or her blood glucose level within the specified threshold for 1-week will provide a first reward, and upon determining the user has maintained his or her blood glucose level within the specified threshold for 1 -month will award a second reward.
  • the second reward may be different than the first reward and may be a reward of greater value for achieving a longer result.
  • the threshold may be reduced over time to increase the difficulty of maintaining a blood glucose level over time and further train the individual to keep his or her blood glucose level within a smaller range.
  • the predicted blood glucose level itself may change over time as additional measurements are provided to the processor, which will also change the range or threshold the blood glucose of the individual must stay within.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is a portable device that may be carried in a pocket or on a clip attached to the individual.
  • Each of the glucometer, accelerometer and the processor may be contained in a single housing or may be utilized separately.
  • certain embodiments include a detachable accelerometer carried by the individual during exercise or throughout the day that provides measurements of the physical activity of the individual when coupled to the processor at a later time.
  • Various methods can be used for predicting the blood glucose level, such as, Bayesian estimation technique, and neural networks. Glucose level variation during the day can be represented by a theoretical functions, for example, Weibull, Lognormal, Gamma, etc. Weibull function :
  • Lognormal function As will be understood, both functions have the same types of parameters: shape, location, and scale. Using these distributions, the prediction of glucose level with the exercise effect and food intake can be as accurately utilized as the high order polynomial method curve fitting method. According to one embodiment, a theoretical function is applied separately to the intervals between meals such as between breakfast and lunch, between lunch and dinner, and between dinner and breakfast. Accordingly, there will be different parameter values for each interval to best approximate the individual.
  • Blood glucose may be predicted according to the following methods. After any meal during the day, the glucose level increases immediately for the following few minutes, between 30 min to 45 min, and decreases again afterwards. Therefore, it is not recommended to measure blood glucose levels immediately following a meal.
  • Some background information for each user of the application is required for an accurate monitoring of the glucose level; data such as age, gender, and weight. These may be significant factors in determining a safe and normal blood glucose range that can help establish better starting values for our monitor.
  • the patient inputs glucose readings, about two to four times a day which will help the application predict the glucose level variation throughout the day and update the overall glucose prediction for the following days, as it will be discussed in detail later.
  • the prediction and the update of the glucose level also takes into consideration the food intake during the day —breakfast, lunch, and dinner— and any type of workout; these factors significantly affect the glucose concentration.
  • the day is divided into several periods, with predicted meal times for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
  • the predicted meal times provide an accurate prediction because the blood glucose distribution of the individual will be based on that and the time of the glucose reading.
  • the predicted meal times are updated each time a blood glucose measurement is received; where again individualization to a particular patient/user is provided.
  • the accuracy of the predicted blood glucose level improves over time as the number of blood glucose measurements are received and the predicted meal times are more accurately predicted.
  • the predicted meal time will be subtracted by an appropriate amount (such as 10% of assumed time difference).
  • an appropriate amount of time would be added to the assumed meal time.
  • the system will adapted to the individual and will tend over time to have a better prediction.
  • the prediction is still made based on the previous data collected.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé permettant de mesurer la glycémie et l'activité physique d'une personne, et de fournir une prédiction individualisée de la glycémie au fil du temps sur la base de ces mesures. La prédiction individualisée est actualisée d'une manière récurrente au fur et à mesure de la réception de mesures additionnelles. Des stimulants sont déterminés et fournis pour maintenir la glycémie dans les limites de la valeur de la glycémie prédite individualisée et pour obtenir des niveaux de référence en matière d'activité physique et d'effort.
PCT/US2009/054747 2008-08-22 2009-08-24 Procédé et appareil de lutte contre les maladies chroniques WO2010022387A1 (fr)

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WO2013085459A1 (fr) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-13 Dianovator Ab Agencements médicaux et procédé pour la prévision d'une valeur associée à un état médical
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US11406331B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2022-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Model based variable risk false glucose threshold alarm prevention mechanism
US11596330B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2023-03-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods, devices and system for providing diabetic condition diagnosis and therapy

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