WO2010020702A1

WO2010020702A1 - Transmission device

Info

Publication number: WO2010020702A1
Application number: PCT/ES2009/070345
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pedro Manuel LIBRERO MARTÍN
Original assignee: Librero Martin Pedro Manuel
Priority date: 2008-08-18
Filing date: 2009-08-18
Publication date: 2010-02-25

Abstract

Comprising three epicyclic gear trains: a differential train (1) splits the input torque into a speed vector and a torque vector; a torque step-down train (2) amplifies the torque vector; a balancing train (3), with a transmission ratio of one, combining in the secondary the speed vector and the amplified torque vector. The differential train (1) includes a first ring gear (11), connected to the primary, first sun gear (12), connected to the secondary, and first planet gears (13) connected to a first planet gear carrier (4). The torque train (2) includes the second sun gear (12), actuated by the first planet gear carrier (4), a second ring gear (21) and some second planet gears (23) connected to a second planet gear carrier (5) that drives a third sun gear (32). The balancing train (3) includes the third sun gear (32), a third ring gear (31) and a third planet gear carrier (6) connected to the secondary. It incorporates a synchronism system (7) to switch between idling in the second ring gear (21) and the third (31) and movement with equal and opposite speeds.

Description

TRANSMISSION DEVICE

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can be included within the technical field of transmissions. In particular, the object of the invention refers to a transmission device of reduced dimensions, which allows the staggered transmission of torque with very high energy efficiency and without periods of disconnection of the transmission.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The types of transmissions known today include gearboxes, gearboxes, Hector clutches, etc. and its operation can be very varied, both electrical and mechanical, hydraulic or even combinations of any of the mentioned operations.

Engines that drive vehicles, or that drive other machines capable of using a transmission mechanism, do not deliver a linear or constant torque throughout their range of turning speeds. Additionally, the torque needs are variable throughout the entire operating range of each machine in question.

Said characteristic of the operation of the machines that incorporate transmissions implies the need to implement transmissions that allow the selection of a plurality of transmission relations between the engine (primary of the transmission) and the output of the machine.

(secondary of the transmission), in order to obtain a set of operating positions that offer adequate relationships between speed and torque.

The gearboxes, both manual and sequential and automatic, are a solution to this need, which combined with a clutch, offer a very high energy efficiency, due to its operation by gears. They have, however, the disadvantage that, except for the automatic ones, they require the user's action to select the desired relationship at each moment, as well as all of them require the momentary disconnection of the transmission (idle rotation of the engine) every time that such selection occurs. Additionally, gearboxes are bulky and therefore heavy, as well as expensive and require careful maintenance.

On the other hand, transmissions based on hydrodynamic engines and pumps allow to dispense with the step change. In return, they offer relatively poor energy efficiency, around 75%, as well as being costly to manufacture and maintain.

The technical problem that arises, in the light of what has been expressed above, is that of providing a mechanical transmission device based on gears, which ensures a very high energy efficiency, and that additionally presents a staggered application of par- speed of rotation, without the need for actuation by the user.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention solves the technical problem posed by means of a transmission device incorporating 3 epicyclic gear trains and a clutch system. The differential train is a reducing train and is responsible for dividing the engine torque into two vectors: torque vector and speed vector. The velocity vector is acting on the primary, as will be explained below and the torque vector will be transmitted to the torque train.

The differential train comprises a first crown, a first planetarium and first satellites. The first crown is driven by the drive motor, whereby said first crown is part of the primary of the transmission. The first planetarium is connected to an output shaft, with which it is part of the secondary of the transmission. The first satellites mesh with the first planetarium and with the first crown and said first satellites are linked together by means of a first satellite carrier which, in turn, drives a second planetarium of the torque train.

The torque train is a reducing train and produces an increase in the torque vector it receives from the differential train. The pair train comprises a second crown, a second planetarium and a few second satellites. The second planetarium constitutes the input of the torque train, since it is operated by the first satellite carrier as an output of the differential train. The conditions of movement of the second crown, as well as the means to maintain these conditions, will be explained later. However, it is anticipated that, under transmission conditions, the second crown is a static element. In this way, the second satellites are driven by the second planetarium with a movement of rotation around themselves and of translation through the interior of the second crown, said second satellites constituting the output of the torque train. The second satellites are linked together by means of a second satellite carrier which, in turn, drives a third planetary of the balance train.

In cases where it is necessary to obtain a high multiplication of the torque vector, it is possible to employ a plurality of torque trains connected consecutively, so that said multiplication is obtained satisfactorily without the need for very high transmission ratios within each torque train. In cases where an especially high extension is not necessary, the invention works satisfactorily regardless of the torque train, since the differential train is a reducing train and produces a certain increase in torque that may be sufficient in certain applications.

The balance train performs the sum on the secondary axis of the amplified torque vector from the torque train and the differential train speed vector. The balance train comprises a third crown, a third planetarium and third satellites. The balance train entrance is the third planetarium powered by the second satellite carrier. The conditions of movement of the third crown, as well as the means to maintain these conditions, will be explained later. However, it is anticipated that, under transmission conditions, the third crown is a static element, as is the second crown. Consequently, the output of the balance train is constituted by the third satellites, which are connected to a third satellite carrier.

The balance train is a train with a one-to-one transmission ratio between the third planetarium and the third satellite carrier. To achieve this one-to-one relationship, several solutions can be adopted. One of them consists in arranging the third satellites according to a determined number of chain-operated sets, so that the successive transmission relations between the sets is adequate to achieve a global unitary relationship, as just indicated.

According to a preferred embodiment, the arrangement of the third satellites is according to four sets: first set, second set, third set and fourth set, arranged as explained in continuation:

- the first set is powered by the third planetarium. According to a preferred embodiment, the actuation of the first set by the third planetarium is produced by means of a chain. According to another alternative preferred embodiment, said actuation of the first set by the third planetarium is produced by means of direct engagement.

- The rotation of the second set is integral to the rotation of the first set, since both share the same rotation tree.

- The third set is driven by the second set. According to a preferred embodiment, the drive of the third set by the second set is produced by means of a chain. According to another alternative preferred embodiment, said actuation of the third set by the second set is produced by means of direct engagement.

- The turn of the fourth set is in solidarity with the turn of the third set, since both share the same rotation tree. The fourth set meshes with the third crown.

The first, second, third and fourth sets are joined by a third satellite carrier, which rotates driven by said first set, second set, third set and fourth set. Said third satellite carrier is connected to the secondary axis of the transmission.

For both the torque train and the balance train, it is known that the value of the output torque is independent of the use of satellites or crowns for the output. Satellites are used as output and crowns as static elements for simplicity of construction.

The invention allows third satellites to rotate and move without the need for movement in the third crown or in the third planetarium. As previously mentioned, the staticity of the second and third crowns is a requirement for torque transmission. The invention incorporates a synchronization system that allows switching between rotation with equal speed and opposite directions for the second and third crowns or resting of both. In the case of resting of both second and third crowns, torque transmission occurs as explained above. In case of rotation of both second and third crowns with equal speed and opposite directions, the transmission stops and the first and second crowns act as clutch of the transmission.

The synchronization system can have any of the constructions usually used in the technique. In particular, the synchronization system may be constituted by spring-type elastic elements, properly governed, or by a hydraulic mechanism. According to a preferred embodiment, the synchronization system causes the rotation movement in the opposite direction of the second and third crowns by means of a series of bevel gears that engage with both second and third crowns. Said second and third crowns are preferably arranged concentrically and have radial teeth in their faces, engaging said teeth with the mentioned bevel gears, which are located between both second and third crowns. In order to keep the second and third crowns at rest, any hydraulic or elastic fixation and release system is used, as mentioned above.

At the beginning of the operation of the transmission, the resistance torque on the secondary axis is usually greater than the torque transmitted by the first set of satellites on the first planetarium, so that said first satellites cannot rotate the first planetarium attached to the secondary axis. As a consequence, the first satellites move around said first planetarium while they rotate About themselves In this way, the torque transmitted by the first crown on the first satellites is not transmitted in turn to the first planetarium completely, but only partially, in the form of a velocity vector, as indicated above. The rest, called the torque vector, is transmitted by turning the first satellite carrier powered by the first satellites in their displacement around the first planetarium. This is why the differential train is called differential, because it divides the input torque into two vectors.

In order to drive the resistance in the secondary axis, it is necessary to increase the available torque. This is carried out in the torque train, by reducing the speed of rotation. The second planetarium, powered by the first satellite carrier, drives the second satellites. At this time, there is a velocity vector acting on the secondary in the differential train and an extended torque vector in the torque train.

In the balance train, the sum of the velocity vector and the torque vector is produced. The second satellites, torque train output, are connected to the third planetarium, balance train input. The third planetarium operates the third satellites in the manner explained above and said third satellites actuate the third satellite carrier, which in turn is attached to the secondary. In this way, the velocity vector and the amplified torque vector and transferred to the secondary act simultaneously, whereby the developed torque is sufficient to overcome the secondary resistance and initiate movement.

The beginning of the movement produces a feedback on the kinematic characteristics of the transmission. The secondary is linked to the first planetarium, therefore, said first planetarium begins to move, with which the movements of the chain are consecutively reduced. the first satellites, the first satellite carrier, the second planetarium, the second satellites, the second satellite carrier, the third planetarium, the third satellites, the third satellite carrier and finally, the secondary. At a given time, said secondary movement is stabilized, so that secondary movement occurs at a speed of equilibrium between the engine rotation regime and the secondary load. At this time, the first satellites enter at rest and the transmission is direct between the first planetary and the secondary, without the intervention of the torque and balance trains.

When the conditions of engine speed and / or load in the secondary vary, the device of the invention will find the new equilibrium situation in the manner that has been explained and without the need for intervention by the user. This has the advantageous consequence of improving the energy efficiency of the transmission, since it is not necessary to use the clutch each time the torque ratio needs to be varied.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for the purposes of illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Shows a scheme of the distribution of the elements of the invention.

Figure 2.- Shows a scheme of the distribution of the elements of the differential train. Figure 3.- Shows a scheme of the distribution of the elements of the torque train.

Figure A - Shows a scheme of the distribution of the elements of the balance train.

Figure 5.- Shows a perspective of the first crown.

Figure 6.- Shows a perspective of the first satellite carrier.

Figure 7.- Shows a perspective of the first planetarium.

Figure 8.- Shows a perspective of the second satellite carrier.

Figure 9.- Shows a perspective of the third satellites.

Figure 10.- Shows a second perspective of the third satellites.

Figure 11.- Shows a perspective of the synchronism system.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The transmission device comprises three epicyclic gear trains: a differential train (1), a torque train (2) and a balance train (3). The invention further incorporates a synchronism system (7).

The differential train (1) divides the input torque into two vectors: a speed vector, retained in the differential train (1), and a torque vector, transmitted to the torque train (2). The differential train (1) comprises a first crown (11), a first planetarium (12) and first satellites (13). The first crown (11) is connected to a drive motor (primary of the transmission), so it constitutes the input of the transmission. The first planetarium (12) is attached to the secondary axis. The first satellites (13) engage with the first planetarium (12) and with the first crown (11), said first satellites (13) being able to make a movement composed of rotation around themselves and circular translation around the first planetarium ( 12).

The first satellites (13) are connected to a first satellite carrier (4) that rotates driven by said first satellites (13).

Initially, the resistant pair in the secondary is greater than the pair transmitted by the first crown (11) to the first satellites (13), whereby said first satellites (13) cannot operate the first planetarium (12) connected to the secondary. Therefore, said first satellites (13) revolve around themselves while moving around the first planetarium (12). This implies a division of the pair transmitted to the first crown (11) into two components: a velocity vector manifested in the contact of the first satellites (13) with the first planetarium (12) and a torque vector transmitted by the first satellites (13) towards the first satellite carrier (4).

The torque train (2) is a reducing train and in turn comprises a second crown (21), a second planetarium (22) and a few second satellites (23). The second planetarium (22) is connected to and is driven by the first satellite carrier (4) by means of a first connecting gear (10), so that the second planetarium (22) constitutes the input of the torque train (2) . Since the second crown (21) is kept static during the transmission by means of a synchronism system (7) that will be explained later, the output of the torque train (2) is the second satellites (23), which are operated by the second planetarium (22). The second satellites (23) perform a rotation movement on themselves and a translation movement, externally around the second planetarium (22) and internally around the second crown (21).

The second satellites (23) are attached to a second satellite carrier

(5) which rotates driven by said second satellites (23). The torque vector introduced in the torque train (2) is multiplied in said torque train (2) by the value of the transmission ratio of the torque train (2) and said torque vector leaves the torque train (2) ) towards the balance train (3).

The balance train (3) comprises a third crown (31), a third planetarium (32) and third satellites. The balance train input (3) is constituted by the third planetarium (32) which is driven by the second satellite carrier (5) by means of a second connecting gear (not shown). Since the third crown (31) is kept static during the transmission by means of a synchronism system (7) that will be explained later, the output of the balance train (3) is the third satellites, which are operated by the third planetarium (32). The third satellites perform a rotation movement on themselves and a translation movement, externally around the third planetarium (32) and internally around the third crown (31).

The third satellites are connected to a third satellite carrier (6) and transmit their movement to said third satellite carrier (6), which in turn is connected to the secondary.

In order to obtain a unitary transmission relationship between the third planetarium (32) and the third satellite carrier (6), the third satellites comprise 4 sets of satellites: first set (33), second set (34), third set (35 ) and fourth set (36), related as follows: - the first set (33) is driven by the third planetarium (32). According to a preferred embodiment, the actuation of the first assembly (33) by the third planetarium (32) is produced by means of a chain. According to another alternative preferred embodiment, said actuation of the first assembly (33) by the third planetarium (32) is produced by means of direct engagement.

- The rotation of the second set (34) is integral to the rotation of the first set (33), since both share the same rotation tree.

- The third set (35) is driven by the second set (34). According to a preferred embodiment, the drive of the third set (35) by the second set (34) is produced by means of a chain. According to another alternative preferred embodiment, said actuation of the third set (35) by the second set (34) is produced by means of direct engagement. - The turn of the fourth set (36) is integral to the turn of the third set

(35), since both share the same rotation tree. The fourth set (36) meshes with the third crown (31).

As previously mentioned, a synchronism system (7) is used to cause the restrictions necessary for the operation of the transmission in the second (21) and third (31) crowns. The synchronization system (7) comprises known mechanical devices, of elastic or hydraulic type, for example, to cause the stopping of the second (21) and third (31) crowns and allow the transmission to function in the manner explained. The synchronism system (7) also comprises synchronism gears (8) used as a clutch to allow the second (21) and third (31) crowns to simultaneously have rotational movements with equal speed and opposite directions. The second (21) and third (31) crowns are arranged concentrically and synchronized teeth (9) are carved on their opposite faces according to radial direction, between which the gears are arranged. synchronism (8), which engage with said second (21) and third (31) crowns.

In the balance train (3) the sum of the velocity vector and the amplified torque vector is produced, so that the movement begins. Once the equilibrium for torque - speed - resistance has been reached, the transmission occurs directly between the differential train (1) and the secondary one.

Each time there is a change in the equilibrium conditions, the transmission device of the invention adapts in the manner explained without the need for intervention by the user.

Claims

1.- Transmission device, to transmit movement and torque between a primary attached to a motor and a secondary attached to a mechanical resistance, comprising:

- a differential train (1) of epicyclic gears, reducer, which in turn comprises a first crown (11), a first planetarium (12) and first satellites (13), where the first crown (11) is connected in solidarity with the primary, the first planetarium (12) is connected in solidarity to the secondary and the first satellites (13) mesh with the first planetarium (12) and with the first crown (11), producing in the differential train (1) a certain torque multiplication incoming, as well as a division of said incoming pair into a velocity vector applied on the first planetarium (12) and a transmitted torque vector; and - a synchronism system, (7), adapted to alternately allow the rotation or rest of the second crown (21), as needed; characterized in that it additionally comprises:

- a balance train (3) of epicyclic gears, which in turn comprises a third crown (31), a third planetarium (32) and third satellites, where the third planetarium (32) is driven by a second satellite carrier (5) ), which is activated by the movement of the second satellites (23), and the output of the balance train (3) are the third satellites, which are connected by a third satellite carrier (6), attached to the secondary, the ratio of transmission between the third planetarium (32) and the third satellite carrier (6) equal to the unit.

2. Transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one train of pair (2) of epicloidal gears, reducer, which in turn comprises a second crown (21), a second planetarium (22) and a few second satellites (23), where the second planetarium (22) is integral with a first satellite carrier (4), which is driven by the movement of the first satellites (13), and the second satellites (23) mesh with the second crown (21) and with the second planetarium (22), producing a multiplication of the torque train (2) torque vector, for a value equal to that of the transmission ratio between the second planetarium (22) and the second satellite carrier (5); and where the synchronism system (7) is adapted to allow alternately the rest of the third crown (31), or the rotation of the third crown (31) with the same speed and opposite direction as the second crown (21) , according to need, taking place in the balance train (3) the sum of the velocity vector with the torque vector, multiplied in the torque train (2), to overcome the mechanical resistance of the secondary.

3. Transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that the third satellites include a first set (33), actuated by the third planetarium (32); a second set (34), integral to the same axis as the first set (32); a third set (35), actuated by the second set (34); and a fourth set (36), integral to the same axis as the third set (35), meshing the third set (5) with the third crown (31).

4. Transmission device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first set (33) meshes with the third planetarium (32), as well as the second set (34) meshes with the third set (35).

5.-Transmission device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first set (33) is driven by the third planetarium (32) by means of a chain or toothed belt, as well as the third set (35) is driven by the second set by means of a chain or a toothed belt.

6.- Transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that the third crown (31) is concentrically located to the second crown (21) and both second and third crowns have radial synchronization teeth (9) on their facing faces, the synchronism system (7) comprising a plurality of gears of synchronism (8) located between the second crown (21) and the third (31) and that engage with the synchronism teeth (9).