WO2010017682A1 - 新型海水淡化装置和方法 - Google Patents

新型海水淡化装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010017682A1
WO2010017682A1 PCT/CN2009/000148 CN2009000148W WO2010017682A1 WO 2010017682 A1 WO2010017682 A1 WO 2010017682A1 CN 2009000148 W CN2009000148 W CN 2009000148W WO 2010017682 A1 WO2010017682 A1 WO 2010017682A1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
water
fresh water
seawater
negative pressure
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PCT/CN2009/000148
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王俊坤
Original Assignee
Wang Junkun
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Publication of WO2010017682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010017682A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/041—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by means of vapour compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/10—Vacuum distillation
    • B01D3/103—Vacuum distillation by using a barometric column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B01D5/0048—Barometric condensation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
    • C02F2301/063—Underpressure, vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of seawater desalination, and in particular relates to a novel seawater desalination device and method.
  • Desalination is the only way for humans to solve the shortage of fresh water.
  • the existing desalination process is not practically applied and widely promoted due to high production costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel seawater desalination apparatus and method.
  • the present invention does not use a vacuum pump to obtain a vacuum state and maintain a vacuum state, so that seawater desalination is produced almost without direct production cost, and the production of seawater desalination is greatly reduced.
  • the cost can make the desalination project universally applicable.
  • a novel seawater desalination device is characterized in that: a negative pressure chamber is installed, a water injection valve is installed on the negative pressure chamber, and a partition plate is arranged in the negative pressure chamber, and the lower middle portion of the negative pressure chamber can be divided into a fresh water chamber and a sea water chamber, and a fresh water chamber
  • the freshwater chamber is tilted with a rotating shaft and extends out of the fresh water outdoor;
  • a rotating wheel is mounted, and a plurality of conical spiral tubes which are vertically wound and have a small upper port and a small lower port which can rotate with the rotating shaft are installed.
  • the novel seawater desalination apparatus is characterized in that the fresh water chamber and the facilities therein can be provided with one or more, with or without oil injection passages.
  • the novel seawater desalination apparatus is characterized in that a sea water heater is installed between the water storage tank and the seawater chamber.
  • A. Set a negative pressure chamber with a water injection port on the upper part. There is a partition in the negative pressure chamber to divide it into a fresh water chamber and a sea water chamber.
  • the fresh water chamber is inclined with a rotatable upper port and a small lower port that can rotate with the rotating shaft.
  • Parallel a plurality of braided spiral tubes are arranged, a drain port is arranged at the bottom of the fresh water chamber, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged at the bottom of the seawater chamber, and a seawater storage tank is connected in parallel;
  • the gas in the negative pressure chamber is mainly composed of water vapor.
  • the upper end of the spiral tube exceeds the water surface of the fresh water chamber, and the water vapor vaporized by the sea water chamber is continuously swallowed into the spiral. Tube, and under the action of the rotation of the spiral tube, compress and move down to liquefy into fresh water, enter the fresh water chamber. Since the drain port communicates with the outside world, the external atmospheric pressure should be equal to the sum of the pressure formed by the liquid level of the fresh water chamber and the pressure inside the negative pressure chamber.
  • the plate has a sufficient height to separate the seawater chamber from the freshwater chamber, so the liquefied fresh water will continuously overflow from the drain;
  • the negative pressure chamber continuously depressurizes, and the seawater in the seawater chamber is continuously vaporized, the seawater in the seawater storage tank is continuously replenished, and fresh water is continuously discharged from the fresh water chamber.
  • the seawater can be continuously vaporized. Converted to fresh water.
  • the present invention is designed to utilize the basic characteristic that water has a reduced boiling point under negative pressure conditions, and the vacuum state is created by the principle of a water of ten meters, three waters and three waters at atmospheric pressure.
  • the boiling point of water is controlled to boil and vaporize at normal temperature or slightly higher than normal temperature, and then a special device is used to capture and reduce vaporized water molecules into liquid water. Thereby completing the desalination process.
  • a special device designed by the present invention is adopted: a conical spiral tube is greatly reduced compared with the conventional vacuum pump vacuum extraction.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a negative pressure chamber of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the negative pressure chamber of the present invention after being filled with water.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vacuum chamber in the negative pressure chamber of the present invention after a partial water loss.
  • 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tapered spiral tube of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • valve 1 Before working, first open the valve 1 and close the 2, 3, 4, 12 valves. Fill the building with fresh water from the valve 1. After filling, first close the valve 1 and then open the gate 2, after stabilization. Valves 3 , 4 and valve 12 are then opened so that as much fresh water as possible is recycled to the fresh water channel. At this time, the state inside the building is as shown in the figure, and a certain amount of oil is injected into the system from the outlet 17 before the system is operated. Then, start the spiral tube rotation, the rotation speed of the spiral tube should not be too fast, preferably 1 - 10 rpm. Since the speed of rotation of the spiral tube is very low, the power can use wind energy and solar energy. Seawater heaters use solar collectors, one of which is to promote the circulation of seawater.
  • the invention provides a method for seawater desalination:
  • the dissolved air molecules are ignored. Mainly vaporized water molecules occupy the entire upper space.
  • the water temperature is the ambient temperature.
  • the internal vacuum and the liquid level of the water are determined by the temperature of the water. When the temperature of the water is 20 ° C, the degree of vacuum is 97.62%.
  • the boiling point of water is also 20 degrees. According to this physical common sense, it is temporarily considered that the amount of air molecules dissolved in water affects the internal vacuum. It can be inferred that the water temperature gradually increases. The vacuum in the upper part of the building gradually decreased, and the 7j gradually decreased. The boiling point of water will also gradually increase.
  • the water temperature gradually decreases, the saturated vapor pressure decreases, the internal water molecules liquefy, the degree of vacuum increases, the water level rises, and the boiling point decreases.
  • the height limit of the water level rise is ten meters three three.
  • the water temperature is kept at a normal temperature, the degree of vacuum is relatively constant, and the water level is kept constant.
  • the state of Figure 3 as described above. This state is defined in the present invention as the initial state of the system. It is also ignored here to consider the dissolution rate of the outside air dissolved in water and its diffusion rate.
  • the ambient temperature is assumed to be 20 degrees. According to the state of Figure 3. If you inject a hot water above 20 degrees from the right side of the figure to the right side of the figure, the heat is enough. Since the density of the hot water is slightly higher, the hot water naturally rises along the passage 8. After the hot water rises to the level of channel 8, the boiling point of the water is 20 degrees. The heat it brings will be converted into heat of vaporization to vaporize some of the water molecules. At this time, the physical parameters of the upper space 10 are newly changed, the degree of vacuum is lower than the vacuum of the initial state of the system, and the water level will be lower than the water level of the initial state of the system. The boiling point of water also approaches the temperature of this rising hot water infinitely, and the entire system will maintain this new balance.
  • One of the methods is to discharge the internal vaporized water molecules to reduce the negative pressure and eliminate the change of system parameters caused by the rising vaporization of the hot water.
  • the invention designs a machine, which is a plurality of hollow conical spiral tube assemblies similar to conch, which are twisted together by a plurality of conical spiral tubes, and the shape is as shown in FIG.
  • the invention designs the spiral body as a hollow porous spiral body, and the porous function can increase the unit trapping amount of the gas molecules, and the second is to stabilize the dynamic balance of the spiral body rotation.
  • Design hole number It can be more than three.
  • the six-hole spiral body should be independent and non-intersecting at the front end, but after rotating 270 degrees downward, the holes can be connected in close proximity. Finally through a channel to the tail.
  • the conical spiral tube has a shape in which the upper end is large and the lower end is small and hollow spiral.
  • the 30 degree angle is still on the left side of the building. Rotating in the direction of the large opening along its own central axis, as shown in Fig. 5, the upper position is: When the upper end opening is rotated to the highest position, the lower edge of the opening coincides with or slightly lower than the liquid surface.
  • the working state and principle are as follows: When the spiral tube is rotated about the central axis X, the upper end of the spiral tube rotates back and forth on the liquid surface. When the opening is above the liquid level, the opening is vaporized water molecules, and when the opening is rotated to Below the water surface, the vaporized water molecules in the opening will enter the spiral tube and move downward along the spiral line due to the rotation of the spiral tube in the spiral tube. The upper space is trapped and removed by the spiral tube due to the limited vaporized water molecules. The degree of vacuum will increase, the water level will rise, and the boiling point will decrease. Its role will offset the change in the initial state of the system caused by the rising vaporization of hot water.
  • the state reaches equilibrium when the number of vaporized water molecules trapped by the spiral tube is equal to the number of vaporized water molecules generated by the heat generated by the rising hot water.
  • the system parameters will remain near the initial state of the system and will be in a dynamic state.
  • the conical spiral tube that traps the vaporized water molecules is a conical spiral tube with a large upper end and a small lower end.
  • the vaporized water molecules will inevitably occur under the dual effects of space reduction and pressure increase. Liquefaction, release heat, and reduce to liquid water molecules.
  • the generated liquefied water cannot raise the water level of the passage 11, and can only discharge the system from the overflow port 5. There is still air left in the spiral tube, which is precipitated when the dissolved air molecules in the seawater are under negative pressure.
  • the invention is designed to add a filling port 17 on the side of the passage 11, as shown in Fig. 5, when the water filling process is finished at the beginning of the work, after the valves 2, 3, 4, 12 are opened, the input from the oil filling port to the passage 11 is certain.
  • a quantity of oil, such as salad oil because the density of salad oil is less than the density of water, boiling The point is greater than the boiling point of water, and the oil rises through the passage 13 to the level of the passage 11, thereby blocking the possibility of evaporation and vaporization of the entire surface of the passage 11.
  • the passage 8 has no heat, as long as the spiral tube rotates, the water in the passage 8 is cooled and vaporized to maintain the balance of the vacuum in the system.
  • the trapped vaporized water molecules move downward in the spiral tube, and are liquefied by the action of the pressure during the moving process, and are reduced into liquid water, fresh water passage. The extra fresh water is discharged from the overflow.
  • the seawater heater uses solar energy as a heat source. This system does not need to be attended. No other consumption is required.
  • the buoyancy of the vaporized water and the self-weight of the spiral tube in the water should be coordinated, so that the average density of the spiral tube in water is close to 1.
  • the spiral tube When the spiral tube is rotated, it only overcomes the water stagnation force, and the trapping water molecules bring about a negative pressure when the system has a lower vacuum. It can effectively reduce the power required when the spiral tube is working.
  • the system's zero elevation can not use the natural sea level, the natural sea level is affected by the tide and the large difference will affect the working level of the spiral tube in the system.
  • the high water level of the tide can be used to store water, and the zero level of the 6 and 7 in the artificial control chart is stable.
  • the zero elevation can be controlled, and it can also reverse the liquid level in the system to make it in the best working condition.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Description

海水淡化装置和方法 技术领域
本发明属于海水淡化领域， 具体是一种新型海水淡化装置和方法。
背景技术
海水淡化是人类解决淡水紧缺的唯一途径，现有的海水淡化工艺，都因生产 成本高而得不到实际应用和普遍推广。
现有的海水淡化工艺有三类， 蒸馏， 电解和渗透， 蒸馏工艺因耗能较大只有 在部分少量用水的场合使用。电解法和渗透法目前也存在着因成本高而不能普遍 推广的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型海水淡化装置及方法，本发明不是使用真空泵 获得真空状态和维持真空状态，使得海水淡化几乎在没有直接生产成本的情况下 产出， 大大降低了海水淡化的生产成本， 能使得海水淡化工程得以普遍应用。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种新型海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 有一个负压室， 负压室上安装有注水 阀门， 负压室内设置有隔板， 能把负压室中下段分成淡水室和海水室， 淡水室底 部有淡水通道阀门， 注油和排气阀门， 海水室底部安装有海水进水通道阀门， 海 水回水通道阀门并与海水储水池连通； 淡水室内倾斜安装有转轴， 并伸出淡水室 外； 转轴上端安装有转动轮， 转轴外固定安装有一个上端口大、 下端口小的能随 转轴转动的并列绕成的多个锥形螺旋管。 .
所述的新型海水淡化装置，其特征在于所述的淡水室及其内的设施可设置一 个或多个， 有 /无注油通道。
所述的新型海水淡化装置，其特征在于所述的储水池与海水室之间安装有海 水加热器。
一种新型海水淡化方法， 其特征在于包抱以下步驟：
A、 设置一个上部有注水口的负压室， 负压室内有隔板将其分为淡水室和海 水室， 淡水室内倾斜设置有可旋转的上端口大、下端口小的能随转轴转动的并列 绕成的多个雉形螺旋管， 淡水室底部设置排水口， 海水室底部设置进水口和出水 口， 并联通海水储水池；
B、 从注水口向负压室注满淡水， 再关闭注水口的阀门， 再开启淡水室底部 的排水口、 海水室底部的进水口、 出水口， 使得负压室内的淡水部分流出室夕卜， 在负压室顶部形成真空， 海水室的淡水也与海水储水池的海水联通；
C、 向淡水室注入一定量的植物油， 使淡水室液面有一层油膜阻止淡水室的 淡水沸腾汽化；
D、 由于负压室处于相对真空状态， 负压室内是以水蒸汽为主的气体分子存 在， 随着螺旋管转动， 螺旋管上端超出淡水室水面， 不断将海水室汽化的水蒸汽 吞入螺旋管， 并在螺旋管旋转作用下压缩并下移液化为淡水， 进入淡水室， 由于 排水口和外界联通，外界大气压应当等于淡水室的液面高度形成的压力与负压室 内气压之和， 隔板有足够高度将海水室与淡水室分隔开， 所以液化的淡水会不断 从排水口溢出；
E、 由于螺旋管不停旋转， 负压室不断降压， 海水室内的海水不断汽化， 则 海水储水池内的海水不断补充， 淡水室内不断有淡水排出， 如此循环， 则可以不 断地将海水汽化转化成淡水。
本发明是利用水在负压状况下， 其沸点降低的这一基本特性设计， 用一个大 气压下水的十米三三水柱原理制造真空状态。使水的沸点控制在常温或略高于常 温环境下沸腾汽化，再用一特殊装置将汽化水分子捕集还原成液态水。从而完成 海水淡化过程。 由于维持真空状态， 以及在捕集汽态水分子和还原液态水分子过 程中， 采用了本发明设计的一个特殊装置： 一一锥形螺旋管， 与常规的真空泵抽 取真空相比， 大大降低了能耗， 另外， 由于本发明设计的工艺只需要常温的海水 温度或略高于常温的海水温度， 锥形螺旋管的转速低， 功耗也不大， 使得普通太 阳能和风能可以在工艺中作为唯一能源使用，所以本发明的海水淡化的直接生产 成本可以达到几乎为零成本。
附图说明
图 1为本发明装置负压室结构示意图。 图 2为本发明负压室装满水后结构示意图。
图 3为本发明负压室在部分水流失后在其上部形成真空的结构示意图。 图 4为本发明锥形螺旋管结构示意图。
图 5为本发明结构示意图。
具体实施方式
建一个 15米高的 建筑如图 5所示。其中， 1 为注水阀门，初始注水时用， 工作时起密封作用； 2 淡水通道阀门； 3 为海水进水通道阀门； 4 为海水回水通 道阀门； 5 为淡水可调溢流口； 6、 7为海水可调水平面； 8 为海水进水通道； 9 为海水回水通道； 10为真空室， 11 为淡水通道； 12 为注油和排气阀门； 13 为 注油和回油通道； 14 为气体止回堰； 15 为多个并列绕制的锥形螺旋管； 16 为 锥形螺旋管的传动及其基础； 17 为注油和排气口； 18 为海水加热器； 19 风能 获得设备；
工作前， 先将阀门 1打开， 将 2、 3、 4、 12阀门关闭， 从阀门 1处向建筑 内灌入淡水， 灌满后， 先将阀门 1关闭， 再将岡门 2打开， 稳定后再将阀门 3、 4和阀门 12打开， 这样的目的是将尽可能多的淡水回收到淡水通道。 此时， 建 筑内状态如图所示， 系统工作前从出口 17向系统内注入一定量的油。 然后， 启 动螺旋管旋转， 螺旋管的旋转速度不能太快， 以每分钟 1 - 10转为宜。 由于螺旋 管旋转的速度很低， 因此动力可以使用风能和太阳能。 海水加热器使用太阳能集 热器， 功能之一是促进海水的循环。
本发明提供了一种海水淡化的方法：
建一高 15米左右的建筑， 如图 1所示。 将顶部阀门 1打开， 底部两侧阀门 2、 3、 4关闭， 然后往建筑内部注水， 如图 2所示。 水注满后， 先将顶部阀门 1 关闭， 再将底部阀门 2、 3、 4打开， 这时水的状态如图 3所示， 水的液面标高， 受大气压力的作用， 保持在九米与十米之间的高程。 （试猃数据为， 海拔 30米， 环境温度为 20度， 水柱高度为 9. 5米）。 在水面的上部约五米的空间里， 则为汽 化水分子和少量水中溢出的溶解空气充填， 由于溶解空气的溢出量很少，这里先 将溢出的溶解空气分子忽略不计。主要是汽化水分子占据了整个上部空间。 时 的水温为环境温度。 内部的真空度和水的液面高度， 由水的温度决定。 当水的温 度为摄氏 20C度时，真空度为 97. 62%。水的沸点也为 20度。根据这个物理常识， 在暂时不考虑水中溶解的空气分子溢出的量对内部真空度影响的情况下。可以做 这样的推断， 当水温逐渐增高。该建筑内上部的真空度逐渐降低， 7j 立逐渐下降。 水的沸点也会逐渐升高。 水温逐渐降低， 其饱和蒸汽压降低， 内部水分子液化， 真空度提高， 水位上升， 沸点降低。 水位上升的高度极限为十米三三。 在外界对 内部系统不做功的情况下。 水温保持在常温状态， 真空度相对恒定， 水位也保持 恒定状态。 如前述的图 3状态。 这个状态在本发明里定义为系统的初始状态。 这 里也忽略考虑外界空气溶解在水中的溶解速度及其扩散速度。
根据以上物理常识和推理， 现在演绎本发明的工作过程。
在常温情况下， 假设环境温度为 20度。依据图 3的状态。 如果从图的右边， 在阔门 3附近注入一股高于 20度的热水， 热量为足够多。 由于热水的密度略高， 热水自然顺通道 8上升。 热水上升到通道 8的液面后， 由于水的沸点为 20度。 其所带来的热量将全部转化为汽化热使部分水分子汽化。 此时， 上部空间 10的 物理参数发生新的变化，真空度要低于系统初始状态的真空度， 水位将低于系统 初始状态的水位。 水的沸点也无限趋近这个上升热水的温度值，整个系统将保持 这新的平衡。
如果系统一再的注入高于 点的热水， 并热量足够， 系统的平衡也将不断的 更新， 直到内部负压为零。 沸点达到 100度。
当有热水上升并汽化时，如果要使内部压力保持在系统的初始状态并维持住 这个状态。 方法之一就是将内部汽化水分子排出， 使负压降低， 消除热水上升汽 化带来的系统参数的变化。
本发明设计了一个机械， 为多个类似海螺的中空锥形螺旋管集合体， 由多个 锥形螺旋管一并扭在一起， 形状如附图 4所示。 为了提高本系统的生产效率和降 低螺旋体的能耗， 本发明将螺旋体设计为中空多孔的螺旋体， 多孔的作用， 一是 可以提高气体分子的单位捕集量，二是可以稳定螺旋体旋转的动平衡。设计孔数 为三个以上即可。 六孔的螺旋体， 各孔间在前端应是独立的不相通的通道， 但在 向下旋转 270度后， 各孔间即可就近相连贯通。 最后贯通为一个通道至尾部。
锥形螺旋管为上端大， 下端小的中空螺旋通透的形状。 呈 30度角斜尚在建 筑内的左侧。沿自身的中轴线朝大口开口方向旋转，如附图 5所示，上口位置为： 当上端开口旋转到最高位置时， 其开口的下沿正好与液面重合或略低于液面。
其工作状态和原理是： 让螺旋管以中轴 X为轴心旋转时， 螺旋管上端开口 在液面上下旋转往复， 当开口在液面以上时， 开口内是汽化水分子， 当开口旋转 至水面以下时，开口内汽化水分子将进入螺旋管内， 并在螺旋管内由于螺旋管的 旋转作用而沿螺旋线向下移动，上部空间， 由于有限的汽化水分子被螺旋管捕集 排走， 其真空度将提高， 水位上升， 沸点降低。 其作用将抵消热水上升汽化带来 的对系统初始状态的改变。 直至达到常温状态下的最高真空度值， 当螺旋管捕集 排走的汽化水分子数与上升热水带来的热量产生的汽化水分子数相等时，状态达 到平衡。 系统参数将维持在系统初始状态附近， 处于动平衡状态。
再谈被锥形螺旋管捕集的汽化水分子： 捕集汽化水分子的锥形螺旋管是一 锥形螺旋管， 其上端大， 下端小， 当上部汽化水分子被捕集向下移动后， 在移动 过程中， 汽化水分子的存在空间在逐渐缩小， 内部的压力随着高度的降低也慢慢 增大，汽化水分子在空间缩小和压力增大的双重作用下，将不可避免的发生液化， 释放热量， 还原成液态水分子。 而生成的液化水不可能抬高通道 11的水位， 只 能从溢流口 5处排出系统。 螺旋管内还有剩余的空气， 它是海水中溶解的空气分 子在负压状态时析出的。 它将从螺旋管的下端排出， 垂直升至液面， 在排气孔 17 处排出系统。 而释放的热量， 部分传导在螺旋管内的水中， 移动到螺旋管尾 部排出， 部分传导在螺旋管设备上向四周扩散。
当螺旋管长时间运转的情况下， 通道 11内的温度由于热的传导作用， 不可 避免的将逐渐升高逼进通道 8的温度， 从而使通道 11内的水也发生蒸发和汽化 现象降低系统的工作效率。 本发明设计了在通道 11侧加了一个注油口 17 , 如图 5所示， 当工作开始时的注水工序结束， 2、 3、 4、 12阀门打开后， 从注油口向 通道 11内输入一定量的油， 例如色拉油， 由于色拉油的密度小于水的密度， 沸 点大于水的沸点， 油料通过通道 13上升到通道 11的液面， 从而阻断了通道 11 全部液面蒸发和汽化的可能。 此时， 即使通道 8没有热量， 只要螺旋管旋转， 通 道 8内的水也要降温汽化， 保持系统内真空度的平衡。
当建筑通道 8内注入的带有热量的水是海水，则在通道 11内被转换成蒸榴 水， 海水淡化的过程完成。
锥形螺旋管旋转工作以后， 捕集空间 10存在的汽化水分子， 被捕集的汽化 水分子在螺旋管内向下移动，在移动的过程中受压力的作用液化，还原成液态水， 淡水通道多出的淡水从溢流口排出。
如果螺旋捕集旋转体使用风能做为动力，海水加热器使用太阳能做为热源。 此系统无需有人值守。 也无需其它消耗。
几点说明：
一、 为使螺旋管的能耗尽可能的小，在设计螺旋管时注意将汽化水分 子的浮力和螺旋管在水中的自重相协调，使螺旋管工作时在水中 的平均密度接近 1。 使螺旋管旋转时仅克服水的沾滞力， 和捕集 水分子带来系统更低真空度时的负压压力。可有效降低螺旋管工 作时需要的功率。
二、 系统的零标高不能使用自然海平面， 自然海平面受潮汐影响落差 较大， 将影响系统内螺旋管的工作液面的高低。 可利用潮汐的高 水位蓄水， 人为控制图中 6、 7的零标高的稳定。
三、 零标高的可控， 也可以反过来调控系统内的液面， 使之处于最佳 工作状态。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种新型海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 有一个负压室， 负压室上安装有 注水阀门， 负压室内设置有隔板， 能把负压室中下段分成淡水室和海水室， 淡水 室底部有淡水通道岡门，注油和排气阀门，海水室底部安装有海水进水通道阀门， 海水回水通道阀门并与海水储水池连通； 淡水室内倾斜安装有转轴， 并伸出淡水 室夕卜； 转轴上端安装有转动轮， 转轴外固定安装有一个上端口大、 下端口小的能 随转轴转动的并列绕成的多个锥形螺旋管。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的新型海水淡化装置， 其特征在于所述的淡水室及 其内的设施可设置一个或多个， 有 /无注油通道。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的新型海水淡化装置， 其特征在于所述的储水池与 海水室之间安装有海水加热器。 '
4、 一种新型海水淡化方法， 其特征在于包抱以下步骤：
A、 设置一个上部有注水口的负压室， 负压室内有隔板将其分为淡水室和海 水室， 淡水室内倾斜设置有可旋转的上端口大、下端口小的能随转轴转动的并列 绕成的多个锥形螺旋管， 淡水室底部设置排水口， 海水室底部设置进水口和出水 口， 并联通海水储水池；
B、 从注水口向负压室注满淡水， 再关闭注水口的阀门， 再开启淡水室底部 的排水口、 海水室底部的进水口、 出水口， 使得负压室内的淡水部分流出室外， 在负压室项部形成真空， 海水室的淡水也与海水储水池的海水联通；
C、 向淡水室注入一定量的植物油， 使淡水室液面有一层油膜阻止淡水室的 淡水沸腾汽化；
D、 由于负压室处于相对真空状态， 负压室内是以水蒸汽为主的气体分子存 在， 随着螺旋管转动， 螺旋管上端超出淡水室水面， 不断将海水室汽化的水蒸汽 吞入螺旋管， 并在螺旋管旋转作用下压缩并下移液化为淡水， 进入淡水室， 由于 排水口和外界联通，外界大气压应当等于淡水室的液面高度形成的压力与负压室 内气压之和， 隔板有足够高度将海水室与淡水室分隔开， 所以液化的淡水会不断 从排水口溢出；
E、 由于螺旋管不停旋转， 负压室不断降压， 海水室内的海水不断汽化， 则 海水储水池内的海水不断补充， 淡水室内不断有淡水排出， 如此循环， 则可以不 断地将海水汽化转化成淡水。
PCT/CN2009/000148 2008-08-15 2009-02-11 新型海水淡化装置和方法 WO2010017682A1 (zh)

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