WO2010016420A1 - Power distribution system - Google Patents

Power distribution system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010016420A1
WO2010016420A1 PCT/JP2009/063553 JP2009063553W WO2010016420A1 WO 2010016420 A1 WO2010016420 A1 WO 2010016420A1 JP 2009063553 W JP2009063553 W JP 2009063553W WO 2010016420 A1 WO2010016420 A1 WO 2010016420A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
voltage
distribution path
output
solar cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/063553
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
小新　博昭
卓也 香川
清隆 竹原
Original Assignee
パナソニック電工株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by パナソニック電工株式会社 filed Critical パナソニック電工株式会社
Publication of WO2010016420A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010016420A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power distribution system that distributes AC power and DC power.
  • a conventional power distribution system that distributes AC power and DC power to a load installed in a building (see Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-128024).
  • a conventional power distribution system includes a distribution board and an AC power outlet.
  • the AC power outlet is provided with a DC output power terminal.
  • a transformer and a rectifier are disposed in the distribution board.
  • the transformer converts an AC voltage of 100V or 200V into three types of AC voltages of 6V, 3V, and 1.5V.
  • the rectifier rectifies the AC voltage obtained from the transformer and generates three types of DC voltages of 6V, 3V, and 1.5V.
  • Three types of DC voltages generated in the distribution board are applied to the DC output power supply terminal.
  • This in-house power generation system is a distributed power source that converts DC power output from a DC power generation facility into a DC power source using a power regulator.
  • a distributed power transmission system and a commercial power supply (AC power system) transmission system are interconnected to perform grid interconnection.
  • the DC load priority is set to 1 and the AC load priority is set to 2, and the DC power from the solar cells and fuel cells is distributed according to this priority.
  • the priority of the AC power system is set to No. 3. Furthermore, even when the power used by the DC load or the AC load fluctuates, it is necessary to increase or decrease the supply amount of the DC power to each in the above priority order.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution system capable of efficiently distributing AC power and DC power and improving power efficiency.
  • a power distribution system includes a solar cell, a power regulator connected to an AC power distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power, and DC power.
  • a DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a driven DC load; and a distribution path for distributing the output power of the solar cell to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter.
  • the power regulator includes an inverter and a reverse power flow circuit. The inverter generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system using the DC power obtained from the solar cell through the distribution path, and the second AC voltage.
  • the reverse power flow circuit is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power so that surplus power of the solar cell is reversely flowed to the AC power system.
  • the DC / DC converter generates a supply voltage composed of a DC voltage of a predetermined value using DC power obtained from the solar cell through the distribution path, and supplies the supply voltage to the DC distribution path to thereby generate the DC voltage. It is configured to supply DC power to the distribution path.
  • the DC power can be supplied to the DC load by the DC / DC converter without converting the AC power from the power regulator to DC power. Therefore, DC power can be distributed efficiently.
  • the DC power from the solar cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, power from the solar cell is preferentially supplied to the DC load.
  • power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC load.
  • power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC power system. Furthermore, even if the DC load or the AC load fluctuates, the DC power from the solar cell is automatically distributed to the DC load, the AC load, and the AC power system. Therefore, power efficiency is improved.
  • the power regulator includes an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power so that the DC power output from the solar cell is maximized.
  • the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit that maintains the supply voltage constant.
  • the DC power from the solar cell can be maximized.
  • Another power distribution system of the present invention includes a fuel cell, a power regulator connected to an AC power distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power, and DC power.
  • a DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a DC load driven by the power supply, and a distribution path for distributing the output power of the fuel cell to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter.
  • the power regulator uses the DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the distribution path to generate a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system. It is comprised so that 2nd alternating current power may be supplied to the said AC power distribution path by giving an AC voltage to the said AC power distribution path.
  • the DC / DC converter generates a supply voltage composed of a DC voltage of a predetermined value using DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the distribution path, and supplies the supply voltage to the DC distribution path. It is configured to supply DC power to the distribution path.
  • the DC power can be supplied to the DC load by the DC / DC converter without converting the AC power from the power regulator to DC power. Therefore, DC power can be distributed efficiently. Moreover, the DC power from the fuel cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, even if a load change occurs, the electric power from the fuel cell is automatically distributed to the DC load and the AC load. Therefore, power efficiency is improved.
  • the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit for maintaining the supply voltage constant.
  • DC power output from the fuel cell is preferentially supplied to the DC load via the DC / DC converter. Further, when the demand power of the DC load and the AC load exceeds the power from the fuel cell, the power supplied from the AC power system to the AC load by the power regulator increases. As a result, the stability of power supply against load fluctuation is improved.
  • Still another power distribution system includes a solar cell, a fuel cell, and a first AC connected to an AC power distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power.
  • a first distribution path for distributing to the DC / DC converter and a second distribution path for distributing the output power of the fuel cell to the second power regulator and the DC / DC converter.
  • the first power regulator includes an inverter and a reverse power flow circuit.
  • the inverter generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system using the DC power obtained from the solar cell through the first distribution path, and the second AC voltage. It is comprised so that 2nd alternating current power may be supplied to the said AC power distribution path by giving an AC voltage to the said AC power distribution path.
  • the reverse power flow circuit is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power so that surplus power of the solar cell is reversely flowed to the AC power system.
  • the second power regulator generates a third AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage using DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the second distribution path, and It is comprised so that 3rd alternating current power may be supplied to the said AC distribution path by giving an AC voltage to the said AC distribution path.
  • the DC / DC converter uses a DC power obtained from the solar cell through the first distribution path and a DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the second distribution path to supply a supply voltage composed of a predetermined DC voltage. It is configured to generate and supply DC power to the DC distribution path by applying the supply voltage to the DC distribution path.
  • the DC power can be supplied to the DC load by the DC / DC converter without converting the AC power from the power regulators to DC power. Therefore, DC power can be distributed efficiently.
  • the DC power from the solar cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, power from the solar cell is preferentially supplied to the DC load.
  • power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC load.
  • power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC power system. Furthermore, even if the DC load or the AC load fluctuates, the DC power from the solar cell is automatically distributed to the DC load, the AC load, and the AC power system.
  • the DC power from the fuel cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter.
  • the first power regulator includes an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power so that the DC power output from the solar cell is maximized.
  • the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit that maintains the supply voltage constant.
  • the DC power from the solar cell can be maximized.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution system according to a first embodiment.
  • (A), (b) is operation
  • FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the output characteristic of a fuel cell. It is the schematic of the power distribution system of Embodiment 3. It is operation
  • the power distribution system according to the present invention can be applied not only to a detached house but also to a building such as each dwelling unit of an apartment house or an office.
  • the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a solar cell 10, a relay terminal box (also referred to as “connection box”) 20, a power conditioner (power conditioner) 30, and a DC / DC converter ( Converter) 40, a distribution board (AC distribution board) 50, and a distribution path 60 that distributes the DC power output from the solar cell 10 to the power regulator 30 and the converter 40.
  • the power conditioner 30 is connected through the distribution board 50 to an AC distribution path 70 for supplying AC power (first AC power) from an AC power system (commercial power) AC to an AC load 80 driven by AC power. Is done.
  • the converter 40 is connected to a DC distribution path 71 for supplying power to a DC load 81 driven by DC power.
  • the solar cell 10 includes a plurality (three in the illustrated example) of solar cell modules 101.
  • Each solar cell module 101 has a plurality (8 in the illustrated example) of solar cells 102.
  • the solar battery cell 102 is enclosed in an envelope (not shown).
  • Such a solar cell 10 is installed on the roof of a house, for example.
  • Each solar cell module 101 is connected to the relay terminal box 20 by an output cable 103.
  • the relay terminal box 20 is a sealed box in which a plurality of string output sides and load sides are relayed with terminals, and a backflow prevention element, a DC switch, etc. are accommodated as required (see JIS C8960).
  • the relay terminal box 20 combines the DC outputs from the solar cell modules 101 into one.
  • the power regulator 30 includes a boost chopper circuit 301, an inverter 302, an inverter control circuit (control circuit) 303, and a protection device (system interconnection protection device) 304.
  • the step-up chopper circuit 301 generates a DC voltage of a predetermined value using the DC output obtained from the solar cell 10 via the distribution path 60.
  • the inverter 302 converts the DC voltage obtained from the boost chopper circuit 301 into an AC voltage (second AC voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the AC voltage (first AC voltage) of the AC power system AC.
  • the inverter 302 supplies the second AC voltage to the output line 305.
  • the output line 305 is drawn into the box of the distribution board 50.
  • the output line 305 is electrically connected to the AC power system AC within the box of the distribution board 50. Thereby, the solar cell 10 is paralleled in AC power system AC.
  • the inverter 302 generates the second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system AC using the DC power obtained from the solar cell 10 through the distribution path 60.
  • the inverter 302 supplies AC power (second AC power) to the AC distribution path 71 by applying the second AC voltage to the AC distribution path 71.
  • the control circuit 303 adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power by controlling the inverter 302.
  • the control circuit 303 causes the operating point of the solar cell 10 to follow the maximum output point of the solar cell 10 that changes due to changes in the output voltage and output current of the solar cell 10 due to changes in temperature of the solar cell 10 and changes in solar radiation intensity.
  • Maximum output tracking control MPPT control
  • the control circuit 303 functions as an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power from the inverter 302 so that the DC power output from the solar cell 10 is maximized.
  • control circuit 303 functions as a reverse power flow circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power from the inverter 302 so that the surplus of the DC power from the solar cell 10 flows back to the AC power system AC.
  • the protection device 304 monitors the system voltage and gives a command to the control circuit 303 to stop the maximum output follow-up control when it rises above an appropriate value. As a result, the output of the inverter 302 is reduced, and as a result, an increase in the system voltage is suppressed.
  • a curve F11 in FIG. 2A shows the output characteristics of the solar cell 10 under certain solar radiation conditions.
  • the electric power P11 is electric power (demand electric power of the DC load 81) supplied from the converter 40 to the DC load 81 via the DC distribution path 71.
  • the operating point X11 of the solar cell 10 when the control circuit 303 is in the initial state is determined by the power P1.
  • the magnitude of the second AC power is adjusted so that the operating point of the solar cell 10 coincides with the maximum output point X12.
  • the operating point of the solar cell 10 coincides with the maximum output point X12 of the output characteristics (curve F11), and the power of the solar cell 10 becomes maximum (maximum power P12).
  • the difference (P12 ⁇ P11) between the maximum power P12 and the DC power P11 is supplied to the AC load 80 via the AC distribution path 70.
  • the second AC power (P12-P11) that is the power supplied to the power regulator 30 is lower than the power consumption of the AC load 80, the first AC power from the AC power system AC passes through the AC distribution path 70. To the AC load 80.
  • the second AC power (P12-P11) exceeds the power consumption of the AC load 80, the surplus of the second AC power (P12-P11) flows backward to the AC power system AC.
  • the solar radiation becomes weak and the output characteristics of the solar cell 10 change from the curve F11 to the curve F12 as shown in FIG. 2 (b).
  • the maximum power (maximum output power) P13 of the solar cell 10 exceeds the power (DC demand power) P11.
  • the control circuit 302 shifts the operating point from X12 to X13 and decreases the output of the solar cell 10. Thereafter, the control circuit 302 performs maximum output follow-up control again, thereby matching the operating point of the solar cell 10 with the operating point (maximum output point) X14 that matches the peak of the output characteristics (curve B). Therefore, the power of the solar cell 10 becomes the maximum (maximum power P13). Even when the electric power P11 fluctuates, the output of the solar cell 1 is maximized when the control circuit 302 performs the maximum output follow-up control again in the same manner as when the amount of solar radiation is changed.
  • the DC load 81 may be supplied with power from an auxiliary power source (storage battery or the like) provided separately.
  • the power regulator 30 converts the DC power output from the solar cell 10 into AC power (second AC power) synchronized with the phase of the AC power system AC, and converts the second AC power into the AC power system. Supply to AC.
  • the distribution board 50 includes a main breaker (not shown) and a plurality of branch breakers (not shown) in a box (not shown) with a door, similar to a so-called residential distribution board (housing board).
  • the power supply terminal of the main breaker is connected to the AC power system AC.
  • the power supply terminal of each branch breaker is connected to the load terminal of the main breaker via a conductive bar (not shown).
  • An AC distribution path 70 is connected to the load terminal of the branch breaker.
  • the first AC power from the AC power system AC and the second AC power from the power regulator 30 are supplied to the AC load 80 in the home via the AC distribution path 70.
  • the distribution board 50 branches the 2nd alternating current power output from the power regulator 30, and distributes it to the alternating current load 81 in a house via a some branch breaker.
  • the AC distribution path 70 is provided with an outlet (not shown) for connecting the AC load 80.
  • the converter 40 converts the voltage level of the DC power output from the solar cell 10 into a desired voltage level. That is, the converter 40 uses the direct current power obtained from the solar cell 10 through the distribution path 60 to generate a supply voltage including a predetermined direct current voltage.
  • the converter 40 supplies DC power to the DC distribution path 71 by applying a supply voltage to the DC distribution path 71.
  • the converter 40 is a switching regulator, for example.
  • the converter 40 also includes a constant voltage control circuit 401 that keeps the supply voltage constant.
  • the constant voltage control circuit 401 performs control (feedback control) to detect the output voltage (that is, supply voltage) of the converter 40 and to increase or decrease the output voltage so that the detected output voltage matches the target voltage.
  • the converter 40 converts the voltage level of the DC power output from the solar cell 10 into a desired voltage level by the constant voltage control method.
  • the DC power from the converter 40 is supplied to the DC load 81 via the DC distribution path 71.
  • the DC distribution path 71 is provided with an outlet (not shown) for connecting the DC load 81.
  • the AC load 80 is supplied to the AC load 80 from the AC power system AC (first AC power) or the power regulator 30 via the distribution board 50 as in the conventional case.
  • Distribute AC power (second AC power) second AC power
  • the DC load 81 is supplied with DC power from the solar cell 10 that has been converted to a constant voltage by the converter 40. Therefore, it is not necessary to convert AC power from the power regulator 30 into DC power, and DC power can be distributed efficiently.
  • the power regulator 30 and the converter 40 are connected in parallel to the solar cell 10. For this reason, when the amount of solar radiation or the demand power of the DC load 81 varies, the distribution of the power from the solar cell 10 to the DC load 81 and the AC load 80 is automatically adjusted. As a result, power from the solar cell 10 is preferentially supplied to the DC load 81. Next, power from the solar cell 10 is supplied to the AC load 80. Finally, the power from the solar cell 10 is supplied to the AC power system AC. Even when the DC load 81 or the AC load 80 fluctuates, the power from the solar cell 10 is automatically distributed to the DC load 81, the AC load 80, and the AC power system AC. As a result, power efficiency is improved.
  • the solar cell 10 can be used with maximum efficiency even if the amount of solar radiation and the demand power of the DC load 81 fluctuate.
  • the power distribution system of the present embodiment converts the output power of the fuel cell 11, the power regulator 31, the converter 40, the distribution board 50 ⁇ / b> A, and the fuel cell 11 with the power regulator 31. And a distribution path 61 that distributes to the container 40.
  • the power regulator 31 is connected to the AC distribution path 70 through the distribution board 50A.
  • the converter 40 is connected to the DC distribution path 71.
  • symbol is attached
  • the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a supply amount adjusting device 90 that adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel cell 11, and an output control device 91 that controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 and the power adjuster 31.
  • the fuel cell 11 is, for example, a solid polymer type.
  • the fuel cell 11 continuously generates power by an electrochemical reaction between fuel (hydrogen) obtained by reforming city gas or natural gas and oxidant (oxygen).
  • Curves F21, F22, and F23 in FIG. 4 indicate output characteristics (voltage-power characteristics) of the fuel cell 11. As the amount of fuel supplied increases, the output characteristics change from the curve F21 to the curve F22 and from the curve F22 to the curve F23, and the output (generated power) increases. Therefore, the power generation amount (output characteristic) of the fuel cell 11 can be increased or decreased by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel cell 11 from the supply amount adjusting device 90.
  • the distribution board 50A is different from the distribution board 50 of the first embodiment in that it includes a current sensor 501.
  • the current sensor 501 is configured to detect a system current (a current amount supplied from the AC power system AC).
  • the power regulator 31 includes a step-up chopper circuit 311, an inverter 312, an inverter control circuit (control circuit) 313, and a protection device (system interconnection protection device) 314.
  • the step-up chopper circuit 311 generates a DC voltage having a predetermined value by using the DC output obtained from the fuel cell 11 through the distribution path 61.
  • the inverter 312 converts the DC voltage obtained from the step-up chopper circuit 311 into an AC voltage (second AC voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system AC.
  • the inverter 312 supplies the second AC voltage to the output line 315.
  • the output line 315 is drawn into the box of the distribution board 50A.
  • the output line 315 is electrically connected to the AC power system AC within the box of the distribution board 50A. Thereby, the fuel cell 11 is arranged in parallel with the AC power system AC.
  • the inverter 312 generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system AC using the DC power obtained from the fuel cell 11 through the distribution path 61.
  • the inverter 312 supplies the second AC power to the AC distribution path 70 by applying the second AC voltage to the AC distribution path 70.
  • the control circuit 313 controls the inverter 312 to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power.
  • the control circuit 313 is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power based on the instruction value from the output control device 91.
  • the protection device 314 monitors the system voltage and gives a command to the control circuit 313 when the system voltage rises above an appropriate value, and reduces the output of the inverter 312 so that the system voltage does not rise above the appropriate value.
  • the output control device 91 monitors the system current with the current sensor 501.
  • the output control device 91 controls the power adjuster 31 and the supply amount adjusting device 91 so that the system current is always zero.
  • the output control device 91 gives an instruction value to the power regulator 31 so that the system current becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power.
  • the output power of the fuel cell 11 is the power demand of the AC load 80 by the output control by the power regulator 31 and the output control of the fuel cell 11 by the output control device 91 (control for adjusting the fuel supply amount).
  • the demand power of the DC load 81 is made equal to the sum.
  • the output characteristic of the fuel cell 11 at a certain time is a curve F21.
  • the power adjuster 31 performs output control according to an instruction from the output control device 91. If the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero (that is, the system current is zero) when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P21, the power regulator 31 has the operating point at that time (the peak of the curve F21). Operates at point X21).
  • the output control device 91 controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 to increase the fuel supply amount to the fuel cell 11. Thereby, for example, the output characteristics of the fuel cell 11 shift from the curve F21 to the curve F22. If the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P22, the power adjuster 31 performs output control in accordance with an instruction from the output control device 91, and then At the operating point (peak point X22 of the curve F22).
  • the output control device 91 controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 to increase the fuel supply amount to the fuel cell 11. Thereby, for example, the output characteristics of the fuel cell 11 shift from the curve F22 to the curve F23.
  • the power regulator 31 performs output control in accordance with an instruction from the output control device 91, and if the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P23, then At the operating point (for example, the peak point X23 of the curve F23).
  • the output control device 91 detects whether or not a reverse power flow has occurred based on the output of the current sensor 501. When the output control device 91 detects that the reverse power flow has occurred, the output control device 91 immediately controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 to reduce the fuel supply amount to the fuel cell 11. The output control device 91 reduces the fuel supply amount until the reverse power flow is eliminated. Thereby, for example, the output characteristics of the fuel cell 11 shift from the curve F23 to the curve F22.
  • the power adjuster 31 performs output control according to an instruction from the output control device 91, and the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power (for example, P22). For example, it operates at the operating point at that time (for example, the peak point X22 of the curve F22).
  • the output control device 91 reduces the output of the power regulator 31. As a result, power (DC power) is preferentially supplied from the fuel cell 11 to the DC load 81. In this case, power to the AC load 80 is insufficient. A portion that is less than the power demand of the AC load 80 (shortage) is supplied from the AC power system AC.
  • the converter 40 stops. Therefore, when constructing a power distribution system, it is necessary to prevent the demand power of the DC load 81 from exceeding the maximum supply power of the fuel cell 11. However, unexpectedly, the demand power of the DC load 81 may exceed the maximum supply power of the fuel cell 11. Therefore, it is desirable to provide some auxiliary power (such as a storage battery) separately so that the DC load 81 can be fed even when the converter 40 is stopped.
  • some auxiliary power such as a storage battery
  • the AC load 80 is supplied to the AC load 80 from the AC power system AC (first AC power) or the power regulator 31 via the distribution board 50A as in the conventional case.
  • Distribute AC power second AC power
  • the DC load 81 is supplied with DC power from the fuel cell 11 that has been made constant voltage by the converter 40. Therefore, it is not necessary to convert AC power from the power regulator 31 into DC power, and DC power can be distributed efficiently.
  • the power regulator 31 and the converter 40 are connected in parallel to the fuel cell 11. Therefore, the DC power of the fuel cell 11 is automatically distributed to the DC load 81 and the AC load 80 even when the load fluctuates. As a result, power efficiency is improved.
  • the DC power output from the fuel cell 11 is preferentially supplied to the DC load 81 via the converter 40.
  • the power regulator 31 performing the grid connection operation supplies the AC load 80 to the AC load 80. Power to be increased. Therefore, there is an advantage that the stability of power supply with respect to load fluctuation is improved.
  • the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a solar cell 10, a fuel cell 11, a power regulator (hereinafter referred to as “first power regulator”) 30, and a power regulator (hereinafter referred to as “ (Referred to as “second power regulator”) 31, a converter 40, a distribution board 50B, and a distribution path (hereinafter referred to as “second power regulator”) that distributes the output power of the solar cell 11 to the first power regulator 30 and the converter 40.
  • 60A a distribution path (hereinafter referred to as “second distribution path”) 61A for distributing the output power of the fuel cell 11 to the second power regulator 31 and the converter 40, and a supply amount adjusting device 90 and an output control device 91A.
  • the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes the solar cell 10 and the fuel cell 11 as DC power generation equipment.
  • symbol is attached
  • 60 A of 1st distribution paths are the 1st path
  • a rectifying element (diode) D1 is inserted such that the anode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the relay terminal box 20 and the cathode is electrically connected to the input terminal of the converter 40.
  • the second distribution path 61A converts a first path 611 that connects an output terminal (not shown) of the fuel cell 11 to an input terminal (not shown) of the second power regulator 31, and an output terminal of the fuel cell 11. And a second path 612 connected to the input terminal of the device 40.
  • a rectifying element (diode) D2 is inserted such that the anode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the fuel cell 11 and the cathode is electrically connected to the input terminal of the converter 40.
  • the two diodes D1 and D2 prevent the operating point of the solar cell 10 and the operating point of the fuel cell 11 from interfering with each other.
  • the first power regulator 30 is a solar battery power regulator, and includes the step-up chopper circuit 301, the inverter 302, the control circuit 303, the protection device 304, and the output line 305 as described in the first embodiment.
  • the inverter 302 of the first power regulator 30 uses the DC power obtained from the solar cell 10 through the first distribution path 60A to use an AC voltage (second voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system. AC voltage).
  • the inverter 302 supplies AC power (second AC power) to the AC distribution path 70 by applying the second AC voltage to the AC distribution path 70.
  • the second power regulator 31 is a power regulator for a fuel cell, and includes the step-up chopper circuit 311, the inverter 312, the control circuit 313, the protection device 314, and the output line 315 as described in the second embodiment.
  • the inverter 312 of the second power regulator 31 uses the DC power obtained from the fuel cell 11 through the second distribution path 61A to generate an AC voltage (third AC voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage.
  • AC power (third AC power) is supplied to the AC distribution path 70 by generating and applying the third AC voltage to the AC distribution path 70.
  • the distribution board 50B detects a current sensor (second current) that detects an alternating current (hereinafter referred to as “solar cell current”) output from the first power regulator 30. Sensor) 502.
  • the first current sensor 501 detects the current (total value of the system current and the solar cell current) supplied to the AC load 80. The outputs of the current sensors 501 and 502 are taken into the output control device 91A.
  • the output control device 91A controls the second power regulator 31 and the supply amount adjustment device 91A so that the system current is always zero. To do.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a control operation by the output control device 91A.
  • the output control device 91A monitors whether or not DC power is normally supplied from the converter 40 (step S2). If DC power is not normally supplied from the converter 40, the output control device 91A increases the output of the fuel cell 11 by increasing the amount of fuel supplied from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 (step S3). . Therefore, the output control device 91A continues to increase the fuel supply amount from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 until the DC power is normally supplied from the converter 40.
  • the output control device 91A compares the output V1 of the first current sensor 501 with the output V2 of the second current sensor 502 (step S4). If the output V1 of the first current sensor 501 is equal to or higher than the output V2 of the second current sensor 502 (V2 ⁇ V1), the output control device 91A determines that power is supplied from the AC power system AC. In this case, the output control device 91A increases the output of the fuel cell 11 by increasing the amount of fuel supplied from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 (step S5).
  • the output control device 91A determines that a surplus has occurred in the power of the solar cell 10. In this case, the output control device 91A decreases the output of the fuel cell 11 by reducing the fuel supply amount from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 (step S6).
  • FIG. 6 represents the output power (PV power) of the solar cell 10.
  • a broken line B represents the output power (FC power) of the fuel cell 11.
  • Line C represents the total value of PV power and FC power.
  • FIG. 6 shows four bar graphs T1 to T4.
  • G1 indicates power consumption (DC load power) in the DC load 81.
  • G2 indicates the power consumption (AC load power) at the AC load 80.
  • G3 indicates the power (reverse power flow) that flows backward from the first power regulator 30 to the AC power system AC.
  • the power supplied from the AC power system AC increases.
  • the output V1 becomes larger than the output V2. That is, the shortage of the AC load power G2 is compensated by the power from the AC power system AC.
  • the output control device 91A starts supplying fuel from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 when the output V2 falls below the output V1, and operates the second power regulator 31.
  • the output control device 91A performs output control of the second power regulator 31 so that the grid current becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power. Therefore, the shortage of the AC load power G2 is compensated by the output power (FC power) of the fuel cell 11 (see bar graph T3).
  • the output V2 of the second current sensor 502 further decreases and the output V1 of the first current sensor 501 further increases.
  • the output control device 91A further increases the fuel supply amount from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11. Thereby, the shortage of the AC load power G2 and the shortage of the DC load power G1 are compensated with the FC power (see the bar graph T4).
  • the power distribution system of the present embodiment when the PV power alone cannot supply sufficient power to the AC load 80 or the DC load 81, the shortage of the AC load power 80 or the DC load power 81 is reduced by the FC power. To compensate. Therefore, it is not necessary to receive power from the AC power system AC. Moreover, according to the power distribution system of this embodiment, the effect similar to the power distribution system of Embodiment 1, 2 is acquired.

Abstract

A power distribution system comprises a solar cell (10), a power regulator (30) connected to an AC power distribution channel (70) for feeding first AC power from an AC power system (AC) to an AC load (80), a D/D converter (40), and a distribution channel (60) for distributing the power outputted from the solar cell (10) to the power regulator (30) and the D/D converter (40).  The power regulator (30) has an inverter (302) and a control circuit (303).  The inverter (302) generates a second AC voltage having a phase in synchronization with the phase of a first AC voltage of the AC power system (AC) by using the DC power supplied from the solar cell (10) to give the second AC voltage to the AC power distribution channel (70), whereby second AC power is supplied.  The control circuit (303) controls the magnitude of the second AC power so that the dump power of the solar cell (10) may reversely flow to the AC power system (AC).  The D/D converter (40) generates a supply voltage which is a DC voltage having a predetermined value by using the DC power supplied from the solar cell (10) to give the supply voltage to a DC power distribution channel (71), whereby the DC power is supplied.

Description

配電システムPower distribution system
　本発明は、交流電力および直流電力を配給する配電システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a power distribution system that distributes AC power and DC power.
　従来から、建物に設置された負荷に交流電力および直流電力を配給する配電システムがある（日本国公開実用新案公報４－１２８０２４参照）。従来の配電システムは、分電盤と、交流電源用コンセントとを有する。交流電源用コンセントには、直流出力電源端子が設けられている。分電盤内には、変圧器と整流器とが配設されている。変圧器は、１００Ｖまたは２００Ｖの交流電圧を６Ｖ、３Ｖ、１．５Ｖの３種類の交流電圧に変換する。整流器は、変圧器より得た交流電圧を整流して、６Ｖ、３Ｖ、１．５Ｖの３種類の直流電圧を生成する。分電盤内で生成された３種類の直流電圧は、直流出力電源端子に与えられる。 Conventionally, there is a power distribution system that distributes AC power and DC power to a load installed in a building (see Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-128024). A conventional power distribution system includes a distribution board and an AC power outlet. The AC power outlet is provided with a DC output power terminal. A transformer and a rectifier are disposed in the distribution board. The transformer converts an AC voltage of 100V or 200V into three types of AC voltages of 6V, 3V, and 1.5V. The rectifier rectifies the AC voltage obtained from the transformer and generates three types of DC voltages of 6V, 3V, and 1.5V. Three types of DC voltages generated in the distribution board are applied to the DC output power supply terminal.
　一方、地球環境保護の観点から、住宅に自家発電システム（太陽光発電システムや燃料電池発電システム）を設置することが普及しつつある。この自家発電システムは、住宅に設置される自家発電用の太陽電池や燃料電池などの直流発電設備と、直流発電設備より出力される直流電力を交流電力に電力調整器を用いて変換する分散電源とを備える。このシステムは、分散電源の送電系統と商用電源（交流の電力系統）の送電系統とを相互に連絡して系統連系を行う。 On the other hand, from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment, it is becoming popular to install private power generation systems (solar power generation systems and fuel cell power generation systems) in houses. This in-house power generation system is a distributed power source that converts DC power output from a DC power generation facility into a DC power source using a power regulator. With. In this system, a distributed power transmission system and a commercial power supply (AC power system) transmission system are interconnected to perform grid interconnection.
　ここで、太陽光発電システム（系統連系形太陽光発電システム）においては、住宅内の負荷で消費される電力を超える電力が太陽電池から供給されている場合、電力の余剰分が電力系統に逆潮流される。これにより電力会社に電力を売ること（いわゆる、売電）が可能となっている。 Here, in a solar power generation system (system-connected solar power generation system), when power exceeding the power consumed by the load in the house is supplied from the solar cell, the surplus power is transferred to the power system. Reverse tide. This makes it possible to sell power to the power company (so-called power sale).
　ところで、上記日本国公開実用新案公報に記載された配電システムを太陽光発電システムや燃料電池発電システムに組み合わせた場合、直流電力を得るためには、太陽電池や燃料電池から出力される直流電力を電力調整器において交流電力に変換した後、再度交流電力から直流電力に変換しなくてはならない。そのため、電力変換による損失が増えてしまうという問題がある。 By the way, when the power distribution system described in the above Japanese utility model publication is combined with a solar power generation system or a fuel cell power generation system, in order to obtain direct current power, the direct current power output from the solar cell or fuel cell is After converting to AC power in the power regulator, the AC power must be converted again to DC power. Therefore, there is a problem that loss due to power conversion increases.
　また、電力効率を向上させるためには、太陽電池や燃料電池からの直流電力を、直流負荷に優先的に供給する必要がある。つまり、直流負荷の優先順位を１番、交流負荷の優先順位を２番とし、この優先順位で太陽電池や燃料電池からの直流電力を振り分ける。なお、太陽光発電システムの場合は、売電が可能であるから、交流電力系統の優先順位を３番とする。さらに、直流負荷や交流負荷で使用される電力が変動した際でも、上記の優先順位でそれぞれへの直流電力の供給量を増減させる必要がある。 Also, in order to improve power efficiency, it is necessary to preferentially supply DC power from solar cells or fuel cells to the DC load. In other words, the DC load priority is set to 1 and the AC load priority is set to 2, and the DC power from the solar cells and fuel cells is distributed according to this priority. In the case of a solar power generation system, since power can be sold, the priority of the AC power system is set to No. 3. Furthermore, even when the power used by the DC load or the AC load fluctuates, it is necessary to increase or decrease the supply amount of the DC power to each in the above priority order.
　本発明は上記事情に鑑みて為された。本発明の目的は、交流電力と直流電力とを効率よく配給するとともに電力効率を向上できる配電システムを提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. An object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution system capable of efficiently distributing AC power and DC power and improving power efficiency.
　本発明に係る配電システムは、太陽電池と、交流電力により駆動される交流負荷に交流電力系統からの第１交流電力を供給するための交流配電路に接続される電力調整器と、直流電力により駆動される直流負荷に給電するための直流配電路に接続される直流直流変換器と、上記太陽電池の出力電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する分配路と、を備える。上記電力調整器は、インバータと、逆潮流回路とを有する。上記インバータは、上記分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成し、上記第２交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第２交流電力を供給するように構成される。上記逆潮流回路は、上記太陽電池の余剰電力が上記交流電力系統に逆潮流されるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整するように構成される。上記直流直流変換器は、上記分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成し、上記供給電圧を上記直流配電路に与えることで上記直流配電路に直流電力を供給するように構成される。 A power distribution system according to the present invention includes a solar cell, a power regulator connected to an AC power distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power, and DC power. A DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a driven DC load; and a distribution path for distributing the output power of the solar cell to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. . The power regulator includes an inverter and a reverse power flow circuit. The inverter generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system using the DC power obtained from the solar cell through the distribution path, and the second AC voltage. Is supplied to the AC power distribution path so that the second AC power is supplied to the AC power distribution path. The reverse power flow circuit is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power so that surplus power of the solar cell is reversely flowed to the AC power system. The DC / DC converter generates a supply voltage composed of a DC voltage of a predetermined value using DC power obtained from the solar cell through the distribution path, and supplies the supply voltage to the DC distribution path to thereby generate the DC voltage. It is configured to supply DC power to the distribution path.
　この発明によれば、上記電力調整器からの交流電力を直流電力に変換しなくても、上記直流直流変換器により直流負荷に直流電力を供給できる。そのため、直流電力を効率よく配給できる。しかも、上記太陽電池からの直流電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配している。そのため、上記太陽電池からの電力が上記直流負荷に優先的に供給される。上記直流負荷の次に、上記太陽電池からの電力が上記交流負荷に供給される。上記交流負荷の次に、上記太陽電池からの電力が上記交流電力系統に供給される。さらに、直流負荷や交流負荷が変動しても、上記太陽電池からの直流電力が、上記直流負荷、上記交流負荷、上記交流電力系統に自動的に振り分けられる。したがって、電力効率が向上する。 According to the present invention, the DC power can be supplied to the DC load by the DC / DC converter without converting the AC power from the power regulator to DC power. Therefore, DC power can be distributed efficiently. In addition, the DC power from the solar cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, power from the solar cell is preferentially supplied to the DC load. Next to the DC load, power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC load. Next to the AC load, power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC power system. Furthermore, even if the DC load or the AC load fluctuates, the DC power from the solar cell is automatically distributed to the DC load, the AC load, and the AC power system. Therefore, power efficiency is improved.
　好ましくは、上記電力調整器は、上記太陽電池から出力される直流電力が最大になるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整する出力制御回路を備える。上記直流直流変換器は、上記供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路を備える。 Preferably, the power regulator includes an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power so that the DC power output from the solar cell is maximized. The DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit that maintains the supply voltage constant.
　この場合、上記太陽電池からの直流電力を最大にできる。 In this case, the DC power from the solar cell can be maximized.
　本発明の別の配電システムは、燃料電池と、交流電力により駆動される交流負荷に交流電力系統からの第１交流電力を供給するための交流配電路に接続される電力調整器と、直流電力により駆動される直流負荷に給電するための直流配電路に接続される直流直流変換器と、上記燃料電池の出力電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する分配路と、を備える。上記電力調整器は、上記分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成し、上記第２交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第２交流電力を供給するように構成される。上記直流直流変換器は、上記分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成し、上記供給電圧を上記直流配電路に与えることで上記直流配電路に直流電力を供給するように構成される。 Another power distribution system of the present invention includes a fuel cell, a power regulator connected to an AC power distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power, and DC power. A DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a DC load driven by the power supply, and a distribution path for distributing the output power of the fuel cell to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Prepare. The power regulator uses the DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the distribution path to generate a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system. It is comprised so that 2nd alternating current power may be supplied to the said AC power distribution path by giving an AC voltage to the said AC power distribution path. The DC / DC converter generates a supply voltage composed of a DC voltage of a predetermined value using DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the distribution path, and supplies the supply voltage to the DC distribution path. It is configured to supply DC power to the distribution path.
　この発明によれば、上記電力調整器からの交流電力を直流電力に変換しなくても、上記直流直流変換器により上記直流負荷に直流電力を供給できる。そのため、直流電力を効率よく配給できる。しかも、上記燃料電池からの直流電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配している。そのため、負荷変動が生じても、上記燃料電池からの電力が直流負荷と交流負荷とに自動的に振り分けられる。したがって、電力効率が向上する。 According to the present invention, the DC power can be supplied to the DC load by the DC / DC converter without converting the AC power from the power regulator to DC power. Therefore, DC power can be distributed efficiently. Moreover, the DC power from the fuel cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, even if a load change occurs, the electric power from the fuel cell is automatically distributed to the DC load and the AC load. Therefore, power efficiency is improved.
　好ましくは、上記直流直流変換器は、上記供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路を備える。 Preferably, the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit for maintaining the supply voltage constant.
　この場合、上記燃料電池から出力される直流電力が上記直流直流変換器を介して直流負荷に優先的に供給される。また、直流負荷と交流負荷の需要電力が上記燃料電池からの電力を超えた場合に、上記電力調整器によって上記交流電力系統から交流負荷に供給される電力が増加する。そのため、負荷変動に対する電力供給の安定性が向上する。 In this case, DC power output from the fuel cell is preferentially supplied to the DC load via the DC / DC converter. Further, when the demand power of the DC load and the AC load exceeds the power from the fuel cell, the power supplied from the AC power system to the AC load by the power regulator increases. As a result, the stability of power supply against load fluctuation is improved.
　本発明のさらに別の配電システムは、太陽電池と、燃料電池と、交流電力により駆動される交流負荷に交流電力系統からの第１交流電力を供給するための交流配電路に接続される第１電力調整器および第２電力調整器と、直流電力により駆動される直流負荷に給電するための直流配電路に接続される直流直流変換器と、上記太陽電池の出力電力を上記第１電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する第１分配路と、上記燃料電池の出力電力を上記第２電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する第２分配路と、を備える。上記第１電力調整器は、インバータと、逆潮流回路とを有する。上記インバータは、上記第１分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成し、上記第２交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第２交流電力を供給するように構成される。上記逆潮流回路は、上記太陽電池の余剰電力が上記交流電力系統に逆潮流されるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整するように構成される。上記第２電力調整器は、上記第２分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第３交流電圧を生成し、上記第３交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第３交流電力を供給するように構成される。上記直流直流変換器は、上記第１分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力および上記第２分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成し、上記供給電圧を上記直流配電路に与えることで上記直流配電路に直流電力を供給するように構成される。 Still another power distribution system according to the present invention includes a solar cell, a fuel cell, and a first AC connected to an AC power distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power. A power regulator and a second power regulator, a DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a DC load driven by DC power, and the output power of the solar cell to the first power regulator And a first distribution path for distributing to the DC / DC converter, and a second distribution path for distributing the output power of the fuel cell to the second power regulator and the DC / DC converter. The first power regulator includes an inverter and a reverse power flow circuit. The inverter generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system using the DC power obtained from the solar cell through the first distribution path, and the second AC voltage. It is comprised so that 2nd alternating current power may be supplied to the said AC power distribution path by giving an AC voltage to the said AC power distribution path. The reverse power flow circuit is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power so that surplus power of the solar cell is reversely flowed to the AC power system. The second power regulator generates a third AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage using DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the second distribution path, and It is comprised so that 3rd alternating current power may be supplied to the said AC distribution path by giving an AC voltage to the said AC distribution path. The DC / DC converter uses a DC power obtained from the solar cell through the first distribution path and a DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the second distribution path to supply a supply voltage composed of a predetermined DC voltage. It is configured to generate and supply DC power to the DC distribution path by applying the supply voltage to the DC distribution path.
　この発明によれば、上記各電力調整器からの交流電力を直流電力に変換しなくても、上記直流直流変換器により直流負荷に直流電力を供給できる。そのため、直流電力を効率よく配給できる。しかも、上記太陽電池からの直流電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配している。そのため、上記太陽電池からの電力が上記直流負荷に優先的に供給される。上記直流負荷の次に、上記太陽電池からの電力が上記交流負荷に供給される。上記交流負荷の次に、上記太陽電池からの電力が上記交流電力系統に供給される。さらに、直流負荷や交流負荷が変動しても、上記太陽電池からの直流電力が、上記直流負荷、上記交流負荷、上記交流電力系統に自動的に振り分けられる。加えて、上記燃料電池からの直流電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配している。そのため、負荷変動が生じても、上記燃料電池からの電力が直流負荷と交流負荷とに自動的に振り分けられる。したがって、電力効率が向上する。また、上記太陽電池だけでなく上記燃料電池からも直流電力が供給されるから、負荷変動に対する電力供給の安定性がさらに向上する。 According to the present invention, the DC power can be supplied to the DC load by the DC / DC converter without converting the AC power from the power regulators to DC power. Therefore, DC power can be distributed efficiently. In addition, the DC power from the solar cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, power from the solar cell is preferentially supplied to the DC load. Next to the DC load, power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC load. Next to the AC load, power from the solar cell is supplied to the AC power system. Furthermore, even if the DC load or the AC load fluctuates, the DC power from the solar cell is automatically distributed to the DC load, the AC load, and the AC power system. In addition, the DC power from the fuel cell is distributed to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter. Therefore, even if a load change occurs, the electric power from the fuel cell is automatically distributed to the DC load and the AC load. Therefore, power efficiency is improved. In addition, since direct-current power is supplied not only from the solar cell but also from the fuel cell, the stability of power supply against load fluctuation is further improved.
　好ましくは、上記第１電力調整器は、上記太陽電池から出力される直流電力が最大になるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整する出力制御回路を備える。上記直流直流変換器は、上記供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路を備える。 Preferably, the first power regulator includes an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power so that the DC power output from the solar cell is maximized. The DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit that maintains the supply voltage constant.
　この場合、上記太陽電池からの直流電力を最大にできる。 In this case, the DC power from the solar cell can be maximized.
実施形態１の配電システムの概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution system according to a first embodiment. （ａ），（ｂ）は同上の動作説明図である。(A), (b) is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 実施形態２の配電システムの概略図である。It is the schematic of the power distribution system of Embodiment 2. FIG. 燃料電池の出力特性の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the output characteristic of a fuel cell. 実施形態３の配電システムの概略図である。It is the schematic of the power distribution system of Embodiment 3. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上における出力制御装置の動作説明用のフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for operation | movement description of the output control apparatus same as the above.
　以下、本発明に係る配電システムを戸建て住宅に適用した実施形態について図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。但し、本発明に係る配電システムは、戸建て住宅だけではなく、集合住宅の各住戸や事務所等の建物にも適用できる。 Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a power distribution system according to the present invention is applied to a detached house will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the power distribution system according to the present invention can be applied not only to a detached house but also to a building such as each dwelling unit of an apartment house or an office.
　（実施形態１）
　本実施形態の配電システムは、図１に示すように、太陽電池１０と、中継端子箱（「接続箱」とも呼ばれる）２０と、電力調整器（パワーコンディショナ）３０と、直流直流変換器（変換器)４０と、分電盤（交流用分電盤）５０と、太陽電池１０から出力される直流電力を電力調整器３０と変換器４０とに分配する分配路６０とを備える。電力調整器３０は、交流電力により駆動される交流負荷８０に交流電力系統（商用電源）ＡＣからの交流電力（第１交流電力）を供給するための交流配電路７０に分電盤５０を通じて接続される。変換器４０は、直流電力により駆動される直流負荷８１に給電するための直流配電路７１に接続される。 (Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 1, the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a solar cell 10, a relay terminal box (also referred to as “connection box”) 20, a power conditioner (power conditioner) 30, and a DC / DC converter ( Converter) 40, a distribution board (AC distribution board) 50, and a distribution path 60 that distributes the DC power output from the solar cell 10 to the power regulator 30 and the converter 40. The power conditioner 30 is connected through the distribution board 50 to an AC distribution path 70 for supplying AC power (first AC power) from an AC power system (commercial power) AC to an AC load 80 driven by AC power. Is done. The converter 40 is connected to a DC distribution path 71 for supplying power to a DC load 81 driven by DC power.
　太陽電池１０は、複数（図示例では３つ）の太陽電池モジュール１０１を備える。各太陽電池モジュール１０１は、複数（図示例では８）の太陽電池セル１０２を有する。太陽電池セル１０２は、図示しない外囲器に封入される。このような太陽電池１０は、例えば、住宅の屋根に設置される。各太陽電池モジュール１０１は、出力ケーブル１０３により中継端子箱２０に接続される。 The solar cell 10 includes a plurality (three in the illustrated example) of solar cell modules 101. Each solar cell module 101 has a plurality (8 in the illustrated example) of solar cells 102. The solar battery cell 102 is enclosed in an envelope (not shown). Such a solar cell 10 is installed on the roof of a house, for example. Each solar cell module 101 is connected to the relay terminal box 20 by an output cable 103.
　中継端子箱２０は、複数のストリング出力側と負荷側とを端子にて中継し、必要に応じて逆流防止素子・直流開閉器などが収納された密閉箱である（ＪＩＳ　Ｃ８９６０参照）。この中継端子箱２０によって、各太陽電池モジュール１０１からの直流出力が１つにまとめられる。 The relay terminal box 20 is a sealed box in which a plurality of string output sides and load sides are relayed with terminals, and a backflow prevention element, a DC switch, etc. are accommodated as required (see JIS C8960). The relay terminal box 20 combines the DC outputs from the solar cell modules 101 into one.
　電力調整器３０は、昇圧チョッパ回路３０１と、インバータ３０２と、インバータ制御回路（制御回路）３０３と、保護装置（系統連系保護装置）３０４とを有する。 The power regulator 30 includes a boost chopper circuit 301, an inverter 302, an inverter control circuit (control circuit) 303, and a protection device (system interconnection protection device) 304.
　昇圧チョッパ回路３０１は、分配路６０を介して太陽電池１０より得た直流出力を利用して所定値の直流電圧を生成する。 The step-up chopper circuit 301 generates a DC voltage of a predetermined value using the DC output obtained from the solar cell 10 via the distribution path 60.
　インバータ３０２は、昇圧チョッパ回路３０１より得た直流電圧を、交流電力系統ＡＣの交流電圧（第１交流電圧）の位相に同期した位相を有する交流電圧（第２交流電圧）に変換する。 The inverter 302 converts the DC voltage obtained from the boost chopper circuit 301 into an AC voltage (second AC voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the AC voltage (first AC voltage) of the AC power system AC.
　インバータ３０２は、第２交流電圧を出力線３０５に与える。出力線３０５は、分電盤５０のボックス内に引き込まれる。出力線３０５は、分電盤５０のボックス内で、交流電力系統ＡＣに電気的に接続される。これにより、交流電力系統ＡＣに太陽電池１０が並列される。 The inverter 302 supplies the second AC voltage to the output line 305. The output line 305 is drawn into the box of the distribution board 50. The output line 305 is electrically connected to the AC power system AC within the box of the distribution board 50. Thereby, the solar cell 10 is paralleled in AC power system AC.
　したがって、インバータ３０２は、分配路６０を通じて太陽電池１０から得た直流電力を利用して交流電力系統ＡＣの第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成する。インバータ３０２は、第２交流電圧を交流配電路７１に与えることで交流配電路７１に交流電力（第２交流電力）を供給する。 Therefore, the inverter 302 generates the second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system AC using the DC power obtained from the solar cell 10 through the distribution path 60. The inverter 302 supplies AC power (second AC power) to the AC distribution path 71 by applying the second AC voltage to the AC distribution path 71.
　制御回路３０３は、インバータ３０２を制御することで第２交流電力の大きさを調整する。制御回路３０３は、太陽電池１０の温度変化や日射強度の変化に伴う太陽電池１０の出力電圧や出力電流の変動によって変化する太陽電池１０の最大出力点に、太陽電池１０の動作点を追従させる最大出力追従制御（ＭＰＰＴ制御）を行う。つまり、制御回路３０３は、太陽電池１０から出力される直流電力が最大となるように、インバータ３０２からの第２交流電力の大きさを調整する出力制御回路として機能する。 The control circuit 303 adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power by controlling the inverter 302. The control circuit 303 causes the operating point of the solar cell 10 to follow the maximum output point of the solar cell 10 that changes due to changes in the output voltage and output current of the solar cell 10 due to changes in temperature of the solar cell 10 and changes in solar radiation intensity. Maximum output tracking control (MPPT control) is performed. That is, the control circuit 303 functions as an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power from the inverter 302 so that the DC power output from the solar cell 10 is maximized.
　また、制御回路３０３は、太陽電池１０からの直流電力の余剰分が交流電力系統ＡＣに逆潮流されるようにインバータ３０２からの第２交流電力の大きさを調整する逆潮流回路として機能する。 Further, the control circuit 303 functions as a reverse power flow circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power from the inverter 302 so that the surplus of the DC power from the solar cell 10 flows back to the AC power system AC.
　なお、最大出力追従制御は従来周知であるから、詳細な説明は省略する。 Since maximum output tracking control is well known in the art, detailed description is omitted.
　保護装置３０４は、系統電圧を監視して適正値よりも上昇した場合に制御回路３０３に指令を与えて最大出力追従制御を停止させる。これによって、インバータ３０２の出力が低下し、その結果、系統電圧の上昇が抑制される。 The protection device 304 monitors the system voltage and gives a command to the control circuit 303 to stop the maximum output follow-up control when it rises above an appropriate value. As a result, the output of the inverter 302 is reduced, and as a result, an increase in the system voltage is suppressed.
　次に、図２を参照して電力調整器３０の動作を説明する。図２（ａ）の曲線Ｆ１１は、ある日射条件における太陽電池１０の出力特性を示している。電力Ｐ１１は変換器４０から直流配電路７１を介して直流負荷８１に供給される電力（直流負荷８１の需要電力）である。電力Ｐ１によって、制御回路３０３が初期状態であるときの太陽電池１０の動作点Ｘ１１が決定される。 Next, the operation of the power regulator 30 will be described with reference to FIG. A curve F11 in FIG. 2A shows the output characteristics of the solar cell 10 under certain solar radiation conditions. The electric power P11 is electric power (demand electric power of the DC load 81) supplied from the converter 40 to the DC load 81 via the DC distribution path 71. The operating point X11 of the solar cell 10 when the control circuit 303 is in the initial state is determined by the power P1.
　制御回路３０３によって最大出力追従制御が開始されると、太陽電池１０の動作点が、最大出力点Ｘ１２に一致するように、第２交流電力の大きさが調整される。その結果、太陽電池１０の動作点が、出力特性（曲線Ｆ１１）の最大出力点Ｘ１２と一致し、太陽電池１０の電力が最大（最大電力Ｐ１２）になる。 When the maximum output tracking control is started by the control circuit 303, the magnitude of the second AC power is adjusted so that the operating point of the solar cell 10 coincides with the maximum output point X12. As a result, the operating point of the solar cell 10 coincides with the maximum output point X12 of the output characteristics (curve F11), and the power of the solar cell 10 becomes maximum (maximum power P12).
　このとき、最大電力Ｐ１２と直流電力Ｐ１１の差分（Ｐ１２－Ｐ１１）が交流配電路７０を介して交流負荷８０に供給される。ここで、電力調整器３０の供給電力である第２交流電力（Ｐ１２－Ｐ１１）が交流負荷８０の消費電力を下回っているとき、交流電力系統ＡＣからの第１交流電力が交流配電路７０を介して交流負荷８０に供給される。一方、第２交流電力（Ｐ１２－Ｐ１１）が交流負荷８０の消費電力を上回っているとき、第２交流電力（Ｐ１２－Ｐ１１）の余剰分が交流電力系統ＡＣに逆潮流される。 At this time, the difference (P12−P11) between the maximum power P12 and the DC power P11 is supplied to the AC load 80 via the AC distribution path 70. Here, when the second AC power (P12-P11) that is the power supplied to the power regulator 30 is lower than the power consumption of the AC load 80, the first AC power from the AC power system AC passes through the AC distribution path 70. To the AC load 80. On the other hand, when the second AC power (P12-P11) exceeds the power consumption of the AC load 80, the surplus of the second AC power (P12-P11) flows backward to the AC power system AC.
　次に、日射が弱くなって、図２（ｂ）に示すように、太陽電池１０の出力特性が曲線Ｆ１１から曲線Ｆ１２に変化したとする。図２（ｂ）に示す曲線Ｆ１２では、太陽電池１０の最大電力（最大出力電力）Ｐ１３が電力（直流需要電力）Ｐ１１を上回っている。 Next, it is assumed that the solar radiation becomes weak and the output characteristics of the solar cell 10 change from the curve F11 to the curve F12 as shown in FIG. 2 (b). In the curve F12 shown in FIG. 2B, the maximum power (maximum output power) P13 of the solar cell 10 exceeds the power (DC demand power) P11.
　このとき、制御回路３０２は、動作点をＸ１２からＸ１３へ移行させて太陽電池１０の出力を減少させる。その後、制御回路３０２は、再度、最大出力追従制御を行い、これによって、太陽電池１０の動作点を、出力特性（曲線ロ）のピークと一致する動作点（最大出力点）Ｘ１４に一致させる。そのため、太陽電池１０の電力が最大（最大電力Ｐ１３）になる。電力Ｐ１１が変動した場合にも、上述した日射量の変動時と同様にして、制御回路３０２が最大出力追従制御を再度行うことによって、太陽電池１の出力が最大になる。 At this time, the control circuit 302 shifts the operating point from X12 to X13 and decreases the output of the solar cell 10. Thereafter, the control circuit 302 performs maximum output follow-up control again, thereby matching the operating point of the solar cell 10 with the operating point (maximum output point) X14 that matches the peak of the output characteristics (curve B). Therefore, the power of the solar cell 10 becomes the maximum (maximum power P13). Even when the electric power P11 fluctuates, the output of the solar cell 1 is maximized when the control circuit 302 performs the maximum output follow-up control again in the same manner as when the amount of solar radiation is changed.
　なお、日射が弱くなって、太陽電池１０の最大電力が需用電力Ｐ１を下回ると、制御回路３０２は動作を停止する。このとき、直流負荷８１の動作も停止する。なお、直流負荷８１には、別途設けられた補助電源（蓄電池など）から給電してもよい。 Note that when the solar radiation becomes weak and the maximum power of the solar cell 10 falls below the power demand P1, the control circuit 302 stops operating. At this time, the operation of the DC load 81 is also stopped. The DC load 81 may be supplied with power from an auxiliary power source (storage battery or the like) provided separately.
　このように、電力調整器３０は、太陽電池１０から出力される直流電力を交流電力系統ＡＣの位相に同期した交流電力（第２交流電力）に変換して、第２交流電力を交流電力系統ＡＣに供給する。 As described above, the power regulator 30 converts the DC power output from the solar cell 10 into AC power (second AC power) synchronized with the phase of the AC power system AC, and converts the second AC power into the AC power system. Supply to AC.
　分電盤５０は、いわゆる住宅用分電盤（住宅盤）と同様に扉付のボックス（図示せず）に主幹ブレーカ（図示せず）と複数の分岐ブレーカ（図示せず）とが内蔵される。主幹ブレーカの電源端子は交流電力系統ＡＣに接続される。各分岐ブレーカの電源端子は、導電バー（図示せず）を介して主幹ブレーカの負荷端子に接続される。分岐ブレーカの負荷端子には、交流配電路７０が接続される。交流電力系統ＡＣからの第１交流電力および電力調整器３０からの第２交流電力は、交流配電路７０を介して宅内の交流負荷８０に供給される。このように、分電盤５０は、電力調整器３０から出力される第２交流電力を分岐して、複数の分岐ブレーカを介して宅内の交流負荷８１に配給する。なお、交流配電路７０には交流負荷８０を接続するためのコンセント（図示せず）が設けられる。 The distribution board 50 includes a main breaker (not shown) and a plurality of branch breakers (not shown) in a box (not shown) with a door, similar to a so-called residential distribution board (housing board). The The power supply terminal of the main breaker is connected to the AC power system AC. The power supply terminal of each branch breaker is connected to the load terminal of the main breaker via a conductive bar (not shown). An AC distribution path 70 is connected to the load terminal of the branch breaker. The first AC power from the AC power system AC and the second AC power from the power regulator 30 are supplied to the AC load 80 in the home via the AC distribution path 70. Thus, the distribution board 50 branches the 2nd alternating current power output from the power regulator 30, and distributes it to the alternating current load 81 in a house via a some branch breaker. The AC distribution path 70 is provided with an outlet (not shown) for connecting the AC load 80.
　変換器４０は、太陽電池１０から出力される直流電力の電圧レベルを所望の電圧レベルに変換する。つまり、変換器４０は、分配路６０を通じて太陽電池１０から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成する。そして、変換器４０は、供給電圧を直流配電路７１に与えることで直流配電路７１に直流電力を供給する。変換器４０は、例えば、スイッチングレギュレータである。また、変換器４０は、供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路４０１を備える。例えば、定電圧制御回路４０１は、変換器４０の出力電圧（すなわち供給電圧）を検出するとともに検出した出力電圧が目標電圧と一致するように上記出力電圧を増減する制御（フィードバック制御）を行う。このように、変換器４０は、定電圧制御方式によって太陽電池１０から出力される直流電力の電圧レベルを所望の電圧レベルに変換する。そして、変換器４０からの直流電力が直流配電路７１を介して直流負荷８１に供給される。なお、直流配電路７１には直流負荷８１を接続するためのコンセント（図示せず）が設けられる。 The converter 40 converts the voltage level of the DC power output from the solar cell 10 into a desired voltage level. That is, the converter 40 uses the direct current power obtained from the solar cell 10 through the distribution path 60 to generate a supply voltage including a predetermined direct current voltage. The converter 40 supplies DC power to the DC distribution path 71 by applying a supply voltage to the DC distribution path 71. The converter 40 is a switching regulator, for example. The converter 40 also includes a constant voltage control circuit 401 that keeps the supply voltage constant. For example, the constant voltage control circuit 401 performs control (feedback control) to detect the output voltage (that is, supply voltage) of the converter 40 and to increase or decrease the output voltage so that the detected output voltage matches the target voltage. Thus, the converter 40 converts the voltage level of the DC power output from the solar cell 10 into a desired voltage level by the constant voltage control method. The DC power from the converter 40 is supplied to the DC load 81 via the DC distribution path 71. The DC distribution path 71 is provided with an outlet (not shown) for connecting the DC load 81.
　上述のように本実施形態の配電システムでは、交流負荷８０には従来と同様に分電盤５０を経由して交流電力系統ＡＣからの交流電力（第１交流電力）または電力調整器３０からの交流電力（第２交流電力）を配給する。一方、直流負荷８１には変換器４０で定電圧化された太陽電池１０からの直流電力を配給する。そのため、電力調整器３０からの交流電力を直流電力に変換しなくて済み、直流電力を効率よく配給できる。 As described above, in the power distribution system according to the present embodiment, the AC load 80 is supplied to the AC load 80 from the AC power system AC (first AC power) or the power regulator 30 via the distribution board 50 as in the conventional case. Distribute AC power (second AC power). On the other hand, the DC load 81 is supplied with DC power from the solar cell 10 that has been converted to a constant voltage by the converter 40. Therefore, it is not necessary to convert AC power from the power regulator 30 into DC power, and DC power can be distributed efficiently.
　しかも、電力調整器３０と変換器４０とが太陽電池１０に対して並列接続されている。そのため、日射量や直流負荷８１の需要電力の変動がすると、直流負荷８１および交流負荷８０への太陽電池１０からの電力の振り分けが自動的に調節される。その結果、太陽電池１０からの電力は、直流負荷８１に優先的に供給される。その次に、太陽電池１０からの電力は、交流負荷８０に供給される。最後に、太陽電池１０からの電力は、交流電力系統ＡＣに供給される。直流負荷８１や交流負荷８０が変動した際でも太陽電池１０からの電力は、自動的に直流負荷８１、交流負荷８０、交流電力系統ＡＣに振り分けられる。その結果、電力効率が向上する。 In addition, the power regulator 30 and the converter 40 are connected in parallel to the solar cell 10. For this reason, when the amount of solar radiation or the demand power of the DC load 81 varies, the distribution of the power from the solar cell 10 to the DC load 81 and the AC load 80 is automatically adjusted. As a result, power from the solar cell 10 is preferentially supplied to the DC load 81. Next, power from the solar cell 10 is supplied to the AC load 80. Finally, the power from the solar cell 10 is supplied to the AC power system AC. Even when the DC load 81 or the AC load 80 fluctuates, the power from the solar cell 10 is automatically distributed to the DC load 81, the AC load 80, and the AC power system AC. As a result, power efficiency is improved.
　また、電力調整器３０は、最大出力追従制御を行うから、日射量や直流負荷８１の需要電力が変動しても、太陽電池１０を最大の効率で使用できる。 Moreover, since the power regulator 30 performs maximum output follow-up control, the solar cell 10 can be used with maximum efficiency even if the amount of solar radiation and the demand power of the DC load 81 fluctuate.
　（実施形態２）
　本実施形態の配電システムは、図３に示すように、燃料電池１１と、電力調整器３１と、変換器４０と、分電盤５０Ａと、燃料電池１１の出力電力を電力調整器３１と変換器４０とに分配する分配路６１とを備える。電力調整器３１は、交流配電路７０に分電盤５０Ａを通じて接続される。変換器４０は、直流配電路７１に接続される。なお、本実施形態の配電システムと実施形態１の配電システムとで共通する構成については、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 2)
As shown in FIG. 3, the power distribution system of the present embodiment converts the output power of the fuel cell 11, the power regulator 31, the converter 40, the distribution board 50 </ b> A, and the fuel cell 11 with the power regulator 31. And a distribution path 61 that distributes to the container 40. The power regulator 31 is connected to the AC distribution path 70 through the distribution board 50A. The converter 40 is connected to the DC distribution path 71. In addition, about the structure which is common in the power distribution system of this embodiment, and the power distribution system of Embodiment 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
　さらに、本実施形態の配電システムは、燃料電池１１に供給する燃料の量を調節する供給量調節装置９０と、供給量調節装置９０および電力調整器３１を制御する出力制御装置９１とを備える。 Furthermore, the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a supply amount adjusting device 90 that adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel cell 11, and an output control device 91 that controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 and the power adjuster 31.
　燃料電池１１は、例えば、固体高分子形である。燃料電池１１は、都市ガスや天然ガスを改質して得られる燃料（水素）と酸化剤（酸素）との電気化学反応によって連続的に発電する。図４における曲線Ｆ２１，Ｆ２２，Ｆ２３は、燃料電池１１の出力特性（電圧－電力特性）を示す。燃料の供給量が多いほど、曲線Ｆ２１から曲線Ｆ２２、さらに曲線Ｆ２２から曲線Ｆ２３へと出力特性が変化し、出力（発電電力）が増大する。そのため、燃料電池１１の発電量（出力特性）は、供給量調節装置９０より燃料電池１１に供給する燃料の量を調節することで増減可能である。 The fuel cell 11 is, for example, a solid polymer type. The fuel cell 11 continuously generates power by an electrochemical reaction between fuel (hydrogen) obtained by reforming city gas or natural gas and oxidant (oxygen). Curves F21, F22, and F23 in FIG. 4 indicate output characteristics (voltage-power characteristics) of the fuel cell 11. As the amount of fuel supplied increases, the output characteristics change from the curve F21 to the curve F22 and from the curve F22 to the curve F23, and the output (generated power) increases. Therefore, the power generation amount (output characteristic) of the fuel cell 11 can be increased or decreased by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel cell 11 from the supply amount adjusting device 90.
　分電盤５０Ａは、電流センサ５０１を有している点で、実施形態１の分電盤５０と異なる。電流センサ５０１は、系統電流（交流電力系統ＡＣから供給される電流量）を検出するように構成される。 The distribution board 50A is different from the distribution board 50 of the first embodiment in that it includes a current sensor 501. The current sensor 501 is configured to detect a system current (a current amount supplied from the AC power system AC).
　電力調整器３１は、昇圧チョッパ回路３１１と、インバータ３１２と、インバータ制御回路（制御回路）３１３と、保護装置（系統連系保護装置）３１４とを有する。 The power regulator 31 includes a step-up chopper circuit 311, an inverter 312, an inverter control circuit (control circuit) 313, and a protection device (system interconnection protection device) 314.
　昇圧チョッパ回路３１１は、分配路６１を介して燃料電池１１より得た直流出力を利用して所定値の直流電圧を生成する。 The step-up chopper circuit 311 generates a DC voltage having a predetermined value by using the DC output obtained from the fuel cell 11 through the distribution path 61.
　インバータ３１２は、昇圧チョッパ回路３１１より得た直流電圧を、交流電力系統ＡＣの第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する交流電圧（第２交流電圧）に変換する。 The inverter 312 converts the DC voltage obtained from the step-up chopper circuit 311 into an AC voltage (second AC voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system AC.
　インバータ３１２は、第２交流電圧を出力線３１５に与える。出力線３１５は、分電盤５０Ａのボックス内に引き込まれる。出力線３１５は、分電盤５０Ａのボックス内で、交流電力系統ＡＣに電気的に接続される。これにより、交流電力系統ＡＣに燃料電池１１が並列される。 The inverter 312 supplies the second AC voltage to the output line 315. The output line 315 is drawn into the box of the distribution board 50A. The output line 315 is electrically connected to the AC power system AC within the box of the distribution board 50A. Thereby, the fuel cell 11 is arranged in parallel with the AC power system AC.
　このように、インバータ３１２は、分配路６１を通じて燃料電池１１から得た直流電力を利用して交流電力系統ＡＣの第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成する。インバータ３１２は、第２交流電圧を交流配電路７０に与えることで交流配電路７０に第２交流電力を供給する。 Thus, the inverter 312 generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system AC using the DC power obtained from the fuel cell 11 through the distribution path 61. The inverter 312 supplies the second AC power to the AC distribution path 70 by applying the second AC voltage to the AC distribution path 70.
　制御回路３１３は、インバータ３１２を制御することで第２交流電力の大きさを調整する。特に、制御回路３１３は、出力制御装置９１からの指示値に基づいて、第２交流電力の大きさを調整するように構成される。 The control circuit 313 controls the inverter 312 to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power. In particular, the control circuit 313 is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power based on the instruction value from the output control device 91.
　保護装置３１４は、系統電圧を監視して適正値よりも上昇した場合に制御回路３１３に指令を与えて、系統電圧が適正値よりも上昇ないようにインバータ３１２の出力を低下させる。 The protection device 314 monitors the system voltage and gives a command to the control circuit 313 when the system voltage rises above an appropriate value, and reduces the output of the inverter 312 so that the system voltage does not rise above the appropriate value.
　出力制御装置９１は、電流センサ５０１によって系統電流を監視する。出力制御装置９１は、系統電流が常にゼロとなるように電力調整器３１と供給量調節装置９１を制御する。特に、本実施形態では、出力制御装置９１は、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力となるときに系統電流がゼロとなるように、電力調整器３１に、指示値を与える。 The output control device 91 monitors the system current with the current sensor 501. The output control device 91 controls the power adjuster 31 and the supply amount adjusting device 91 so that the system current is always zero. In particular, in the present embodiment, the output control device 91 gives an instruction value to the power regulator 31 so that the system current becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power.
　ここで、燃料電池発電システムでは、太陽光発電システムのような交流電力系統ＡＣへの逆潮流が許可されていない。そのため、本実施形態では、電力調整器３１による出力制御と出力制御装置９１による燃料電池１１の出力制御（燃料供給量の調整制御）とによって、燃料電池１１の出力電力が交流負荷８０の需要電力と直流負荷８１の需要電力との和と等しくなるようにしている。 Here, in the fuel cell power generation system, reverse power flow to the AC power system AC like the solar power generation system is not permitted. Therefore, in this embodiment, the output power of the fuel cell 11 is the power demand of the AC load 80 by the output control by the power regulator 31 and the output control of the fuel cell 11 by the output control device 91 (control for adjusting the fuel supply amount). And the demand power of the DC load 81 is made equal to the sum.
　例えば、ある時刻における燃料電池１１の出力特性が曲線Ｆ２１であるとする。電力調整器３１は、出力制御装置９１からの指示に応じて出力制御を行う。燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力Ｐ２１となるときに電流センサ５０１の出力がゼロ（つまり系統電流がゼロ）になるのであれば、電力調整器３１は、そのときの動作点（曲線Ｆ２１のピーク点Ｘ２１）で動作する。 For example, assume that the output characteristic of the fuel cell 11 at a certain time is a curve F21. The power adjuster 31 performs output control according to an instruction from the output control device 91. If the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero (that is, the system current is zero) when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P21, the power regulator 31 has the operating point at that time (the peak of the curve F21). Operates at point X21).
　交流負荷８０および直流負荷８１の需要電力が多くなると、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力Ｐ２１に達しても電流センサ５０１の出力がゼロにならないときがある。この場合、出力制御装置９１は、供給量調節装置９０を制御して燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を増大させる。これにより、例えば、燃料電池１１の出力特性が曲線Ｆ２１から曲線Ｆ２２に移行する。電力調整器３１は、出力制御装置９１からの指示に応じて出力制御を行い、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力Ｐ２２となるときに電流センサ５０１の出力がゼロになるのであれば、そのときの動作点（曲線Ｆ２２のピーク点Ｘ２２）で動作する。 When the demand power of the AC load 80 and the DC load 81 increases, the output of the current sensor 501 may not become zero even when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P21. In this case, the output control device 91 controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 to increase the fuel supply amount to the fuel cell 11. Thereby, for example, the output characteristics of the fuel cell 11 shift from the curve F21 to the curve F22. If the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P22, the power adjuster 31 performs output control in accordance with an instruction from the output control device 91, and then At the operating point (peak point X22 of the curve F22).
　交流負荷８０および直流負荷８１の需要電力が更に増大すると、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力Ｐ２２に達しても電流センサ５０１の出力がゼロにならないときがある。この場合、出力制御装置９１は、供給量調節装置９０を制御して燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を増大させる。これにより、例えば、燃料電池１１の出力特性が曲線Ｆ２２から曲線Ｆ２３へ移行する。電力調整器３１は、出力制御装置９１からの指示に応じて出力制御を行い、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力Ｐ２３となるときに電流センサ５０１の出力がゼロになるのであれば、そのときの動作点（例えば、曲線Ｆ２３のピーク点Ｘ２３）で動作する。 When the demand power of the AC load 80 and the DC load 81 further increases, the output of the current sensor 501 may not become zero even when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P22. In this case, the output control device 91 controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 to increase the fuel supply amount to the fuel cell 11. Thereby, for example, the output characteristics of the fuel cell 11 shift from the curve F22 to the curve F23. The power regulator 31 performs output control in accordance with an instruction from the output control device 91, and if the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power P23, then At the operating point (for example, the peak point X23 of the curve F23).
　交流負荷８０および直流負荷８１の需要電力が減少すると、燃料電池１１の出力の余剰分が交流電力系統ＡＣへ逆潮流しようとする。出力制御装置９１は、電流センサ５０１の出力に基づいて逆潮流が生じているか否かを検知する。出力制御装置９１は、逆潮流が生じたことを検知すると、直ちに供給量調節装置９０を制御して燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を減少させる。出力制御装置９１は、逆潮流が解消するまで、燃料供給量を減少させる。これにより、例えば、燃料電池１１の出力特性が曲線Ｆ２３から曲線Ｆ２２へ移行する。電力調整器３１は、出力制御装置９１からの指示に応じて出力制御を行い、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力（例えば、Ｐ２２）となるときに電流センサ５０１の出力がゼロになるのであれば、そのときの動作点（例えば、曲線Ｆ２２のピーク点Ｘ２２）で動作する。 When the demand power of the AC load 80 and the DC load 81 decreases, the excess output of the fuel cell 11 tends to flow backward to the AC power system AC. The output control device 91 detects whether or not a reverse power flow has occurred based on the output of the current sensor 501. When the output control device 91 detects that the reverse power flow has occurred, the output control device 91 immediately controls the supply amount adjusting device 90 to reduce the fuel supply amount to the fuel cell 11. The output control device 91 reduces the fuel supply amount until the reverse power flow is eliminated. Thereby, for example, the output characteristics of the fuel cell 11 shift from the curve F23 to the curve F22. The power adjuster 31 performs output control according to an instruction from the output control device 91, and the output of the current sensor 501 becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power (for example, P22). For example, it operates at the operating point at that time (for example, the peak point X22 of the curve F22).
　交流負荷８０および直流負荷８１の需要電力が燃料電池１１の最大供給電力を超えた場合、出力制御装置９１は、電力調整器３１の出力を低下させる。これによって、直流負荷８１に優先的に燃料電池１１から電力（直流電力）を供給する。この場合、交流負荷８０への電力が不足する。交流負荷８０の需要電力に満たない分（不足分）については交流電力系統ＡＣから供給される。 When the demand power of the AC load 80 and the DC load 81 exceeds the maximum supply power of the fuel cell 11, the output control device 91 reduces the output of the power regulator 31. As a result, power (DC power) is preferentially supplied from the fuel cell 11 to the DC load 81. In this case, power to the AC load 80 is insufficient. A portion that is less than the power demand of the AC load 80 (shortage) is supplied from the AC power system AC.
　ところで、直流負荷８１の需要電力が燃料電池１１の最大供給電力を超えると、変換器４０が停止してしまう。そのため、配電システムを構築する際には、直流負荷８１の需要電力が燃料電池１１の最大供給電力を超えないようにする必要がある。しかし、予期せずに、直流負荷８１の需要電力が燃料電池１１の最大供給電力を超えることがある。そのため、変換器４０が停止しても直流負荷８１に給電できるように、何らかの補助電源（蓄電池など）を別途設けておくことが望ましい。 Incidentally, when the power demand of the DC load 81 exceeds the maximum power supply of the fuel cell 11, the converter 40 stops. Therefore, when constructing a power distribution system, it is necessary to prevent the demand power of the DC load 81 from exceeding the maximum supply power of the fuel cell 11. However, unexpectedly, the demand power of the DC load 81 may exceed the maximum supply power of the fuel cell 11. Therefore, it is desirable to provide some auxiliary power (such as a storage battery) separately so that the DC load 81 can be fed even when the converter 40 is stopped.
　上述のように本実施形態の配電システムでは、交流負荷８０には従来と同様に分電盤５０Ａを経由して交流電力系統ＡＣからの交流電力（第１交流電力）または電力調整器３１からの交流電力（第２交流電力）を配給する。一方、直流負荷８１には変換器４０で定電圧化された燃料電池１１からの直流電力を配給する。そのため、電力調整器３１からの交流電力を直流電力に変換しなくて済み、直流電力を効率よく配給できる。 As described above, in the power distribution system according to the present embodiment, the AC load 80 is supplied to the AC load 80 from the AC power system AC (first AC power) or the power regulator 31 via the distribution board 50A as in the conventional case. Distribute AC power (second AC power). On the other hand, the DC load 81 is supplied with DC power from the fuel cell 11 that has been made constant voltage by the converter 40. Therefore, it is not necessary to convert AC power from the power regulator 31 into DC power, and DC power can be distributed efficiently.
　しかも、電力調整器３１と変換器４０とが燃料電池１１に対して並列接続されている。そのため、負荷が変動した際にも燃料電池１１の直流電力が直流負荷８１と交流負荷８０に自動的に振り分けられる。その結果、電力効率が向上する。 In addition, the power regulator 31 and the converter 40 are connected in parallel to the fuel cell 11. Therefore, the DC power of the fuel cell 11 is automatically distributed to the DC load 81 and the AC load 80 even when the load fluctuates. As a result, power efficiency is improved.
　さらに、本実施形態の配電システムでは、燃料電池１１から出力される直流電力を変換器４０を介して直流負荷８１に優先的に供給する。その上、直流負荷８１と交流負荷８０の需要電力が燃料電池１１からの供給電力を超えた場合に、系統連系運転を行っている電力調整器３１によって交流電力系統ＡＣから交流負荷８０へ供給される電力が増加する。そのため、負荷変動に対する電力供給の安定性が向上するという利点がある。 Furthermore, in the power distribution system of the present embodiment, the DC power output from the fuel cell 11 is preferentially supplied to the DC load 81 via the converter 40. In addition, when the demand power of the DC load 81 and the AC load 80 exceeds the supply power from the fuel cell 11, the power regulator 31 performing the grid connection operation supplies the AC load 80 to the AC load 80. Power to be increased. Therefore, there is an advantage that the stability of power supply with respect to load fluctuation is improved.
　（実施形態３）
　本実施形態の配電システムは、図５に示すように、太陽電池１０と、燃料電池１１と、電力調整器（以下、「第１電力調整器」という）３０と、電力調整器（以下、「第２電力調整器」という）３１と、変換器４０と、分電盤５０Ｂと、太陽電池１１の出力電力を第１電力調整器３０と変換器４０とに分配する分配路（以下、「第１分配路」という）６０Ａと、燃料電池１１の出力電力を第２電力調整器３１と変換器４０とに分配する分配路（以下、「第２分配路」という）６１Ａと、供給量調節装置９０と、出力制御装置９１Ａとを備える。このように、本実施形態の配電システムは、直流発電設備として、太陽電池１０と、燃料電池１１とを備える。本実施形態の配電システムと実施形態１，２の配電システムとで共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 3)
As shown in FIG. 5, the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a solar cell 10, a fuel cell 11, a power regulator (hereinafter referred to as “first power regulator”) 30, and a power regulator (hereinafter referred to as “ (Referred to as “second power regulator”) 31, a converter 40, a distribution board 50B, and a distribution path (hereinafter referred to as “second power regulator”) that distributes the output power of the solar cell 11 to the first power regulator 30 and the converter 40. 60A, a distribution path (hereinafter referred to as “second distribution path”) 61A for distributing the output power of the fuel cell 11 to the second power regulator 31 and the converter 40, and a supply amount adjusting device 90 and an output control device 91A. As described above, the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes the solar cell 10 and the fuel cell 11 as DC power generation equipment. About the structure which is common in the power distribution system of this embodiment, and the power distribution system of Embodiment 1, 2, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
　第１分配路６０Ａは、中継端子箱２０の出力端子（図示せず）を第１電力調整器３０の入力端子（図示せず）に接続する第１経路６０１と、中継端子箱２０の出力端子を変換器４０の入力端子（図示せず）に接続する第２経路６０２とで構成される。第２経路６０２には、整流素子（ダイオード）Ｄ１が、アノードが中継端子箱２０の出力端子に、カソードが変換器４０の入力端子にそれぞれ電気的に接続されるように、挿入されている。 60 A of 1st distribution paths are the 1st path | routes 601 which connect the output terminal (not shown) of the relay terminal box 20 to the input terminal (not shown) of the 1st power regulator 30, and the output terminal of the relay terminal box 20 Is connected to an input terminal (not shown) of the converter 40. In the second path 602, a rectifying element (diode) D1 is inserted such that the anode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the relay terminal box 20 and the cathode is electrically connected to the input terminal of the converter 40.
　第２分配路６１Ａは、燃料電池１１の出力端子（図示せず）を第２電力調整器３１の入力端子（図示せず）に接続する第１経路６１１と、燃料電池１１の出力端子を変換器４０の入力端子に接続する第２経路６１２とで構成される。第２経路６１２には、整流素子（ダイオード）Ｄ２が、アノードが燃料電池１１の出力端子に、カソードが変換器４０の入力端子にそれぞれ電気的に接続されるように、挿入されている。２つのダイオードＤ１，Ｄ２によって、太陽電池１０の動作点と燃料電池１１の動作点とが互いに干渉することが防止される。 The second distribution path 61A converts a first path 611 that connects an output terminal (not shown) of the fuel cell 11 to an input terminal (not shown) of the second power regulator 31, and an output terminal of the fuel cell 11. And a second path 612 connected to the input terminal of the device 40. In the second path 612, a rectifying element (diode) D2 is inserted such that the anode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the fuel cell 11 and the cathode is electrically connected to the input terminal of the converter 40. The two diodes D1 and D2 prevent the operating point of the solar cell 10 and the operating point of the fuel cell 11 from interfering with each other.
　第１電力調整器３０は、太陽電池用の電力調整器であり、実施形態１で述べたように昇圧チョッパ回路３０１・インバータ３０２・制御回路３０３・保護装置３０４・出力線３０５を有する。第１電力調整器３０のインバータ３０２は、第１分配路６０Ａを通じて太陽電池１０から得た直流電力を利用して交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する交流電圧（第２交流電圧）を生成する。インバータ３０２は、第２交流電圧を交流配電路７０に与えることで交流配電路７０に交流電力（第２交流電力）を供給する。 The first power regulator 30 is a solar battery power regulator, and includes the step-up chopper circuit 301, the inverter 302, the control circuit 303, the protection device 304, and the output line 305 as described in the first embodiment. The inverter 302 of the first power regulator 30 uses the DC power obtained from the solar cell 10 through the first distribution path 60A to use an AC voltage (second voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system. AC voltage). The inverter 302 supplies AC power (second AC power) to the AC distribution path 70 by applying the second AC voltage to the AC distribution path 70.
　第２電力調整器３１は、燃料電池用の電力調整器であり、実施形態２で述べたように昇圧チョッパ回路３１１・インバータ３１２・制御回路３１３・保護装置３１４・出力線３１５を有する。第２電力調整器３１のインバータ３１２は、第２分配路６１Ａを通じて燃料電池１１から得た直流電力を利用して第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する交流電圧（第３交流電圧）を生成し、第３交流電圧を交流配電路７０に与えることで交流配電路７０に交流電力（第３交流電力）を供給する。 The second power regulator 31 is a power regulator for a fuel cell, and includes the step-up chopper circuit 311, the inverter 312, the control circuit 313, the protection device 314, and the output line 315 as described in the second embodiment. The inverter 312 of the second power regulator 31 uses the DC power obtained from the fuel cell 11 through the second distribution path 61A to generate an AC voltage (third AC voltage) having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage. AC power (third AC power) is supplied to the AC distribution path 70 by generating and applying the third AC voltage to the AC distribution path 70.
　分電盤５０Ｂは、電流センサ（第１電流センサ）５０１に加えて、第１電力調整器３０から出力される交流電流（以下、「太陽電池電流」という）を検出する電流センサ（第２電流センサ）５０２を備える。本実施形態では、第１電流センサ５０１は、交流負荷８０に供給される電流（系統電流と太陽電池電流との合計値）を検出する。各電流センサ５０１，５０２の出力は、出力制御装置９１Ａに取り込まれる。 In addition to the current sensor (first current sensor) 501, the distribution board 50B detects a current sensor (second current) that detects an alternating current (hereinafter referred to as “solar cell current”) output from the first power regulator 30. Sensor) 502. In the present embodiment, the first current sensor 501 detects the current (total value of the system current and the solar cell current) supplied to the AC load 80. The outputs of the current sensors 501 and 502 are taken into the output control device 91A.
　出力制御装置９１Ａは、第１電流センサ５０１の出力と第２電流センサ５０２の出力とに基づいて、系統電流が常にゼロとなるように第２電力調整器３１と供給量調節装置９１Ａとを制御する。 Based on the output of the first current sensor 501 and the output of the second current sensor 502, the output control device 91A controls the second power regulator 31 and the supply amount adjustment device 91A so that the system current is always zero. To do.
　図７は、出力制御装置９１Ａによる制御動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。 FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a control operation by the output control device 91A.
　出力制御装置９１Ａは、燃料電池１１の動作を開始させると（ステップＳ１）、変換器４０から正常に直流電力が供給されているか否かを監視する（ステップＳ２）。変換器４０から正常に直流電力が供給されていなければ、出力制御装置９１Ａは、供給量調節装置９０から燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を増やして燃料電池１１の出力を増大させる（ステップＳ３）。そのため、出力制御装置９１Ａは、変換器４０から正常に直流電力が供給されるまで、供給量調節装置９０から燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を増やし続ける。 When the output control device 91A starts the operation of the fuel cell 11 (step S1), the output control device 91A monitors whether or not DC power is normally supplied from the converter 40 (step S2). If DC power is not normally supplied from the converter 40, the output control device 91A increases the output of the fuel cell 11 by increasing the amount of fuel supplied from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 (step S3). . Therefore, the output control device 91A continues to increase the fuel supply amount from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 until the DC power is normally supplied from the converter 40.
　変換器４０から正常に直流電力が供給されている状態では、出力制御装置９１Ａは、第１電流センサ５０１の出力Ｖ１と第２電流センサ５０２の出力Ｖ２とを比較する（ステップＳ４）。出力制御装置９１Ａは、第１電流センサ５０１の出力Ｖ１が第２電流センサ５０２の出力Ｖ２以上であれば（Ｖ２≦Ｖ１）、交流電力系統ＡＣから電力供給を受けていると判断する。この場合、出力制御装置９１Ａは、供給量調節装置９０から燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を増やして燃料電池１１の出力を増大させる（ステップＳ５）。一方、出力Ｖ１が出力Ｖ２未満であれば（Ｖ２＞Ｖ１）、出力制御装置９１Ａは、太陽電池１０の電力に余剰分が生じていると判断する。この場合、出力制御装置９１Ａは、供給量調節装置９０から燃料電池１１への燃料供給量を減らして燃料電池１１の出力を減少させる（ステップＳ６）。 In a state where DC power is normally supplied from the converter 40, the output control device 91A compares the output V1 of the first current sensor 501 with the output V2 of the second current sensor 502 (step S4). If the output V1 of the first current sensor 501 is equal to or higher than the output V2 of the second current sensor 502 (V2 ≦ V1), the output control device 91A determines that power is supplied from the AC power system AC. In this case, the output control device 91A increases the output of the fuel cell 11 by increasing the amount of fuel supplied from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 (step S5). On the other hand, if the output V1 is less than the output V2 (V2> V1), the output control device 91A determines that a surplus has occurred in the power of the solar cell 10. In this case, the output control device 91A decreases the output of the fuel cell 11 by reducing the fuel supply amount from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 (step S6).
　次に、図６を参照して本実施形態における出力制御装置９１Ａの動作を説明する。 Next, the operation of the output control device 91A in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　図６の折れ線Ａは、太陽電池１０の出力電力（ＰＶ電力）を表す。折れ線Ｂは、燃料電池１１の出力電力（ＦＣ電力）を表す。線Ｃは、ＰＶ電力とＦＣ電力との合計値を表す。また、図６は、４つの棒グラフＴ１～Ｔ４を示す。Ｇ１は、直流負荷８１での消費電力（直流負荷電力）を示す。Ｇ２は、交流負荷８０での消費電力（交流負荷電力）を示す。Ｇ３は、第１電力調整器３０から交流電力系統ＡＣへ逆潮流される電力（逆潮流電力）を示す。 6 represents the output power (PV power) of the solar cell 10. A broken line B represents the output power (FC power) of the fuel cell 11. Line C represents the total value of PV power and FC power. FIG. 6 shows four bar graphs T1 to T4. G1 indicates power consumption (DC load power) in the DC load 81. G2 indicates the power consumption (AC load power) at the AC load 80. G3 indicates the power (reverse power flow) that flows backward from the first power regulator 30 to the AC power system AC.
　ＰＶ電力が直流負荷電力Ｇ１および交流負荷電力Ｇ２を充分に賄うことができている場合、ＰＶ電力の余剰分が、交流電力系統ＡＣに逆潮流される（棒グラフＴ１参照）。 When the PV power can sufficiently cover the DC load power G1 and the AC load power G2, the surplus PV power is reversely flowed to the AC power system AC (see bar graph T1).
　この状態から、例えば、日射量が減少してＰＶ電力が低下すると、逆潮流電力Ｇ３が小さくなる。やがて、余剰分はゼロ（逆潮流電力Ｇ３がゼロ）になる（棒グラフＴ２参照）。 From this state, for example, when the amount of solar radiation decreases and the PV power decreases, the reverse power flow G3 decreases. Eventually, the surplus will be zero (reverse power flow G3 is zero) (see bar graph T2).
　更にＰＶ電力が減少して直流負荷電力Ｇ１と交流負荷電力Ｇ２との和を下回ると、交流電力系統ＡＣから供給される電力が増大する。その結果、出力Ｖ２よりも出力Ｖ１が大きくなる。つまり、交流負荷電力Ｇ２の不足分が交流電力系統ＡＣからの電力によって補填される。 If the PV power further decreases and falls below the sum of the DC load power G1 and the AC load power G2, the power supplied from the AC power system AC increases. As a result, the output V1 becomes larger than the output V2. That is, the shortage of the AC load power G2 is compensated by the power from the AC power system AC.
　出力制御装置９１Ａは、出力Ｖ２が出力Ｖ１を下回った時点で供給量調節装置９０から燃料電池１１への燃料供給を開始し、第２電力調整器３１を動作させる。出力制御装置９１Ａは、燃料電池１１の出力が最大出力電力となるときに系統電流がゼロとなるように、第２電力調整器３１の出力制御を行う。そのため、交流負荷電力Ｇ２の不足分が燃料電池１１の出力電力（ＦＣ電力）で補填される（棒グラフＴ３参照）。 The output control device 91A starts supplying fuel from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11 when the output V2 falls below the output V1, and operates the second power regulator 31. The output control device 91A performs output control of the second power regulator 31 so that the grid current becomes zero when the output of the fuel cell 11 reaches the maximum output power. Therefore, the shortage of the AC load power G2 is compensated by the output power (FC power) of the fuel cell 11 (see bar graph T3).
　更にＰＶ電力が減少して直流負荷電力Ｇ１を下回ると、第２電流センサ５０２の出力Ｖ２が更に減少して第１電流センサ５０１の出力Ｖ１が更に増大する。出力制御装置９１Ａは、供給量調節装置９０から燃料電池１１への燃料供給量をさらに増やす。これによって、交流負荷電力Ｇ２の不足分と直流負荷電力Ｇ１の不足分とがＦＣ電力で補填される（棒グラフＴ４参照）。 When the PV power further decreases and falls below the DC load power G1, the output V2 of the second current sensor 502 further decreases and the output V1 of the first current sensor 501 further increases. The output control device 91A further increases the fuel supply amount from the supply amount adjusting device 90 to the fuel cell 11. Thereby, the shortage of the AC load power G2 and the shortage of the DC load power G1 are compensated with the FC power (see the bar graph T4).
　このように、本実施形態の配電システムでは、ＰＶ電力だけでは、交流負荷８０や直流負荷８１に十分な電力を供給できない場合、ＦＣ電力によって、交流負荷電力８０や直流負荷電力８１の不足分を補填する。そのため、交流電力系統ＡＣから給電を受けなくて済む。また、本実施形態の配電システムによれば、実施形態１，２の配電システムと同様の効果が得られる。 As described above, in the power distribution system of the present embodiment, when the PV power alone cannot supply sufficient power to the AC load 80 or the DC load 81, the shortage of the AC load power 80 or the DC load power 81 is reduced by the FC power. To compensate. Therefore, it is not necessary to receive power from the AC power system AC. Moreover, according to the power distribution system of this embodiment, the effect similar to the power distribution system of Embodiment 1, 2 is acquired.

Claims (6)

  1. 　太陽電池と、
    　交流電力により駆動される交流負荷に交流電力系統からの第１交流電力を供給するための交流配電路に接続される電力調整器と、
    　直流電力により駆動される直流負荷に給電するための直流配電路に接続される直流直流変換器と、
    　上記太陽電池の出力電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する分配路と、を備え、
    　上記電力調整器は、インバータと、逆潮流回路とを有し、
    　上記インバータは、上記分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成し、上記第２交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第２交流電力を供給するように構成され、
    　上記逆潮流回路は、上記太陽電池の余剰電力が上記交流電力系統に逆潮流されるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整するように構成され、
    　上記直流直流変換器は、上記分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成し、上記供給電圧を上記直流配電路に与えることで上記直流配電路に直流電力を供給するように構成されることを特徴とする配電システム。     Solar cells,
    A power regulator connected to an AC distribution path for supplying first AC power from the AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power;
    A DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a DC load driven by DC power;
    A distribution path for distributing the output power of the solar cell to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter,
    The power regulator includes an inverter and a reverse power flow circuit,
    The inverter generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system using the DC power obtained from the solar cell through the distribution path, and the second AC voltage. Is configured to supply the second AC power to the AC distribution path by providing the AC distribution path with
    The reverse power flow circuit is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power so that surplus power of the solar cell is reversely flowed to the AC power system,
    The DC / DC converter generates a supply voltage composed of a DC voltage of a predetermined value using DC power obtained from the solar cell through the distribution path, and supplies the supply voltage to the DC distribution path to thereby generate the DC voltage. A power distribution system configured to supply DC power to a power distribution path.
  2. 　上記電力調整器は、上記太陽電池から出力される直流電力が最大になるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整する出力制御回路を備え、
    　上記直流直流変換器は、上記供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路を備えることを特徴とする請求項１記載の配電システム。     The power regulator includes an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power so that the DC power output from the solar cell is maximized,
    The power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit that maintains the supply voltage constant.
  3. 　燃料電池と、
    　交流電力により駆動される交流負荷に交流電力系統からの第１交流電力を供給するための交流配電路に接続される電力調整器と、
    　直流電力により駆動される直流負荷に給電するための直流配電路に接続される直流直流変換器と、
    　上記燃料電池の出力電力を上記電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する分配路と、を備え、
    　上記電力調整器は、上記分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成し、上記第２交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第２交流電力を供給するように構成され、
    　上記直流直流変換器は、上記分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成し、上記供給電圧を上記直流配電路に与えることで上記直流配電路に直流電力を供給するように構成されることを特徴とする配電システム。     A fuel cell;
    A power regulator connected to an AC distribution path for supplying first AC power from the AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power;
    A DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a DC load driven by DC power;
    A distribution path for distributing the output power of the fuel cell to the power regulator and the DC / DC converter,
    The power regulator uses the DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the distribution path to generate a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with the phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system. It is configured to supply the second AC power to the AC distribution path by applying an AC voltage to the AC distribution path,
    The DC / DC converter generates a supply voltage composed of a DC voltage of a predetermined value using DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the distribution path, and supplies the supply voltage to the DC distribution path. A power distribution system configured to supply DC power to a power distribution path.
  4. 　上記直流直流変換器は、上記供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路を備えることを特徴とする請求項３記載の配電システム。 4. The power distribution system according to claim 3, wherein the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit for maintaining the supply voltage constant.
  5. 　太陽電池と、
    　燃料電池と、
    　交流電力により駆動される交流負荷に交流電力系統からの第１交流電力を供給するための交流配電路に接続される第１電力調整器および第２電力調整器と、
    　直流電力により駆動される直流負荷に給電するための直流配電路に接続される直流直流変換器と、
    　上記太陽電池の出力電力を上記第１電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する第１分配路と、
    　上記燃料電池の出力電力を上記第２電力調整器と上記直流直流変換器とに分配する第２分配路と、を備え、
    　上記第１電力調整器は、インバータと、逆潮流回路とを有し、
    　上記インバータは、上記第１分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記交流電力系統の第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第２交流電圧を生成し、上記第２交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第２交流電力を供給するように構成され、
    　上記逆潮流回路は、上記太陽電池の余剰電力が上記交流電力系統に逆潮流されるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整するように構成され、
    　上記第２電力調整器は、上記第２分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して上記第１交流電圧の位相に同期した位相を有する第３交流電圧を生成し、上記第３交流電圧を上記交流配電路に与えることで上記交流配電路に第３交流電力を供給するように構成され、
    　上記直流直流変換器は、上記第１分配路を通じて上記太陽電池から得た直流電力および上記第２分配路を通じて上記燃料電池から得た直流電力を利用して所定値の直流電圧よりなる供給電圧を生成し、上記供給電圧を上記直流配電路に与えることで上記直流配電路に直流電力を供給するように構成されることを特徴とする配電システム。     Solar cells,
    A fuel cell;
    A first power regulator and a second power regulator connected to an AC distribution path for supplying first AC power from an AC power system to an AC load driven by AC power;
    A DC / DC converter connected to a DC distribution path for supplying power to a DC load driven by DC power;
    A first distribution path for distributing the output power of the solar cell to the first power regulator and the DC / DC converter;
    A second distribution path for distributing the output power of the fuel cell to the second power regulator and the DC / DC converter;
    The first power regulator includes an inverter and a reverse power flow circuit,
    The inverter generates a second AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage of the AC power system using the DC power obtained from the solar cell through the first distribution path, and the second AC voltage. It is configured to supply the second AC power to the AC distribution path by applying an AC voltage to the AC distribution path,
    The reverse power flow circuit is configured to adjust the magnitude of the second AC power so that surplus power of the solar cell is reversely flowed to the AC power system,
    The second power regulator generates a third AC voltage having a phase synchronized with a phase of the first AC voltage using DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the second distribution path, and It is configured to supply third AC power to the AC distribution path by applying an AC voltage to the AC distribution path,
    The DC / DC converter uses a DC power obtained from the solar cell through the first distribution path and a DC power obtained from the fuel cell through the second distribution path to supply a supply voltage composed of a predetermined DC voltage. A distribution system configured to generate and supply DC power to the DC distribution path by applying the supply voltage to the DC distribution path.
  6. 　上記第１電力調整器は、上記太陽電池から出力される直流電力が最大になるように上記第２交流電力の大きさを調整する出力制御回路を備え、
    　上記直流直流変換器は、上記供給電圧を一定に維持する定電圧制御回路を備えることを特徴とする請求項５記載の配電システム。     The first power regulator includes an output control circuit that adjusts the magnitude of the second AC power so that the DC power output from the solar cell is maximized,
    6. The power distribution system according to claim 5, wherein the DC / DC converter includes a constant voltage control circuit for maintaining the supply voltage constant.
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