WO2010015723A1 - Alliages de titane bon marché et procédé permettant de préparer ces alliages - Google Patents

Alliages de titane bon marché et procédé permettant de préparer ces alliages Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010015723A1
WO2010015723A1 PCT/ES2009/070320 ES2009070320W WO2010015723A1 WO 2010015723 A1 WO2010015723 A1 WO 2010015723A1 ES 2009070320 W ES2009070320 W ES 2009070320W WO 2010015723 A1 WO2010015723 A1 WO 2010015723A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alloy
weight
titanium
powder
cost
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2009/070320
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Pablo Garcia Esteban
Leandro Bolzoni
Elisa Maria Ruiz Navas
Elena Gordo Oderiz
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Universidad Carlos Iii De Madrid
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Carlos Iii De Madrid filed Critical Universidad Carlos Iii De Madrid
Publication of WO2010015723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010015723A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of knowledge and techniques corresponding to Materials Science and Engineering, with direct application in products manufactured by the consumer industry.
  • the invention relates to a low-cost titanium alloy with a particular content of iron and chromium that is obtained by powder metallurgy using stainless steel as an alloying powder.
  • Said alloy has, in addition to low material and processing costs, good mechanical resistance and corrosion resistance properties.
  • titanium alloys have a high cost due mainly to the cost of the base material and the processing cost.
  • the most commonly used titanium alloy is Ia T ⁇ -6AI-4V, which has 10% by weight of alloying elements.
  • Vanadium is the lightest isomorphic bitumen alloy element, so it is a good choice to stabilize the beta phase of titanium while maintaining the density of the alloy.
  • vanadium is an expensive element, even more than titanium, so its introduction increases the final cost of the alloy.
  • the cost of the alloy elements must first be taken into account.
  • three groups of materials are distinguished depending on their cost: (a) very high cost materials such as tantalum and high purity molybdenum, ferro-molybdenum or vanadium-iron alloys, for example; (b) high cost materials such as nickel, cobalt, titanium sponge or vanadium pentoxide, for example; and (c) low cost materials such as aluminum, manganese, steel, silicon and iron, for example.
  • the group of low cost base materials is delimited by the price of aluminum and is the most suitable for the selection of alloy elements in low cost titanium alloys.
  • the alloy elements represent a very low percentage of the weight of the alloy, the price of the final alloy is significantly affected if they have very high prices.
  • a T ⁇ -6AI-4V alloy has a weight content of 4% vanadium, but this content contributes to increasing the cost of the alloy by around 10%.
  • the low cost elements however have a lower cost than titanium, so that their introduction contributes to lowering the price of the final alloy.
  • the replacement of 4% vanadium with 4% iron would contribute to lowering the cost of the alloy by around 15%.
  • the present authors propose the addition of stainless steels as a method of adding low-cost alloy elements, which allows obtaining, by conventional powder metallurgy, low-cost titanium alloys with good mechanical properties. More particularly, by adjusting the iron and chromium content to approximately 1-9% and 0.2-3%, respectively, by weight with respect to the total weight of the alloy, titanium alloys with homogeneous microstructures are obtained, eliminating the refusion stages associated with conventional metallurgy and in which no intermetallic compounds have been detected. In this way the cost of the alloy is reduced with respect to those obtained by conventional techniques, reaching mechanical properties that make it viable for commercial use.
  • the addition of stainless steels with said iron and chromium contents, and which also contain other alloying elements of interest such as nickel, for example, allows obtaining a series of various alternative titanium alloys that are suitable for its use in the consumer industry with a lower final cost. Therefore, the titanium alloy of the present invention, which comprises approximately 1-9% iron and 0.2-3% chromium by weight with respect to the total weight of the alloy and which is obtained by powder metallurgy from of mixing titanium powders with stainless steel powders, it has lower processing costs and starting materials, and maintains mechanical properties similar to those obtained in the standard alloys Ti-
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for obtaining said low-cost titanium alloy.
  • the present invention provides a low-cost titanium alloy comprising iron and chromium as major alloying elements of composition.
  • low titanium alloy Cost refers to a titanium alloy as the base material, in which low cost alloy elements are used, and which is suitable for processing by low cost techniques.
  • titanium alloys have so far been used exclusively in high value-added applications (aerospace, medical or military, for example) due to the high cost of this material.
  • the alloy of the invention being low cost and presenting a good combination of properties, allows expanding the market where titanium can provide advantages not only over traditional Ti alloys.
  • the alloys of the invention have notable advantages such as a lower weight and a greater resistance to corrosion.
  • the alloy of the invention therefore, is of special interest in the consumer industry, such as the motor and transport industry.
  • the weight ratio between iron and chromium varies between 1, 5 and 8.5.
  • the iron content is 6.4-7% and the chromium content is 1-2%, percentages expressed by weight with respect to the total alloy weight.
  • the weight ratio between iron and chromium of the alloy of the invention also varies between 1, 5 and 8.5.
  • stainless steels can be used by adjusting the proportions used so that at the end the optimum percentages of iron and chromium indicated above in the indicated relationship are obtained.
  • the use of stainless steels due to their purity, allows obtaining low-cost titanium alloys of high purity.
  • Stainless steels also contain other alloying elements in a smaller proportion such as nickel, manganese, silicon or molybdenum that could be of interest to obtain a series of low-cost titanium alloys with different properties and, therefore, with diverse applications.
  • the use of stainless steels allows reducing the cost of the final alloy since they are materials commonly used in powder metallurgy and, therefore, despite having a large chromium content, their cost is relatively low.
  • commercial stainless steels such as 316 stainless steel and 430 stainless steel can be used.
  • the iron content is 6.7% and the chromium content is 1.6%, percentages expressed by weight with respect to the total alloy weight (Example 1).
  • this comprises the following alloying elements in the following percentages by weight with respect to the total alloy weight:
  • the alloy of the invention also comprises nickel as a major alloying element in a proportion of the
  • the weight ratio between iron and nickel of the alloy of the invention varies between 1 and 20.
  • the alloy of the invention comprises the following alloys in the following percentages by weight with respect to the total alloy weight: faithful 6.53%
  • the alloy of the invention is obtained by the powder metallurgy or powder metallurgy method which is a manufacturing process in which, starting from fine powders of the metal or mixture of metals and after compaction to give them a certain shape, they are heated in an atmosphere controlled (sintering) to obtain the metal part.
  • the invention provides a method for the preparation of the low cost titanium alloy previously described by powder metallurgy and comprising the step of mixing titanium powder with stainless steel powder in a proportion such that, in the final alloy, the iron content is 1 -9% and the chromium content is 0.2-3%, percentages expressed by weight with respect to the total weight of alloy, hereinafter "method of the invention”.
  • the method of the invention comprises the step of mixing titanium powder with stainless steel powder in a proportion such that, in the final alloy, the iron content is 6.4-7% and the content of chrome is 1-2%, percentages expressed by weight with respect to the total alloy weight.
  • the method of the invention comprises the step of mixing titanium powder with stainless steel powder in a proportion such that, in the final alloy, in addition to the iron and chromium contents previously indicated, the nickel content is 0.15% -2% by weight with respect to the total alloy weight.
  • This mixing stage can be carried out in a conventional mixer, such as, for example, a turbo for laboratory quantities, or a V industrial mixer.
  • the method of the invention after the mixing stage of the titanium powder and the stainless steel powder, comprises the steps of:
  • the compaction of the mixture of titanium powder and stainless steel powder is carried out at a pressure of 500 MPa; and the sintering of the compacted mixture at a temperature of 1200 -C.
  • the compaction or pressing can be performed in single or double acting uniaxial presses, or in isostatic presses, for example, and at room temperature or hot. Also, sintering can be carried out, for example, in a high vacuum oven.
  • alloy parts of the invention are obtained with a shape close to the final ("near-neat-shape"), which allows to save raw material and, in addition, reduce the costs, times and waste of machining, which is especially difficult in the case of titanium.
  • the alloys of the invention by their particular composition and by powder metallurgical processing thereof, therefore, have the following advantages: - Reduction of the cost of the base material by the use of stainless steels (instead of vanadium and molybdenum).
  • the mixture was pressed in a 500 MPa uniaxial press, lubricating the walls of the matrix with zinc stearate.
  • the samples were extracted "in green” and sintered at temperatures between 1 100 5 C and 1300 5 C for 1 h in a high vacuum oven. The heating and cooling rates used were 5 Q C / min.
  • the porosity of the alloy obtained was calculated as the difference in density thereof with respect to the theoretical density that said alloy would have completely dense, all expressed as a percentage.
  • the density was determined by the Archimedes method, for which the pieces were sealed with lacquer of known density, and weighed in water. From the weights of the piece without submerging, the weight of the lacquer provided, and the weight of the piece submerged with lacquer, the density of the corresponding material was calculated.
  • the strength and deformation of the alloy obtained was carried out by means of a conventional simple tensile test. The resistance reported is the maximum resistance reached in the tensile test that, generally, was observed to coincide with the breaking stress.
  • the deformation of the alloy obtained was measured with an extensometer attached to the piece during the tensile test. The maximum deformation of the material, measured at the time of its breakage, was considered.
  • the hardness of the alloy obtained was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, with a diamond pyramid and using a load of 300N in the measurements, resulting in the measurements on an HV30 scale.
  • the porosity values obtained are very high, which, in principle, significantly limits the mechanical properties of the material.
  • the strength and hardness values obtained are high for the level of porosity obtained, so that a reduction in the porosity of the material will contribute to the increase of the strength and hardness of the materials, reaching values comparable with those of the T ⁇ alloy -6AI-4V processed conventionally (990 MPa).
  • the deformation obtained in the alloy is low, characteristic characteristic of conventionally processed powder metallurgical materials.
  • the decrease in porosity can be easily achieved by adding stainless steel powder with a smaller particle size.
  • the particle size reduction can be obtained by sieving sieves, or by comminuting in a ball mill of the same 430 stainless steel powder of Table 1. It is also possible to use another commercial 430 stainless steel powder with a smaller particle size
  • the decrease in the particle size of the alloying powder will lead to a lower residual porosity in the sintered materials and thereby the optimization of the mechanical properties of the final material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un alliage de titane bon marché comprenant du fer et du chrome en tant qu'éléments d'alliage majoritaires dont la composition est la suivante Ti-xFe-yCr, dans cette composition, x = 1 -9% et y = 0,2-3%, les pourcentages étant exprimés en poids par rapport au poids total de l'alliage. Cet alliage, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres à partir d'un mélange de poudres de titane et de poudres d'aciers inoxydables, présente des coûts de traitement et de matériaux de départ plus faibles et il conserve des propriétés mécaniques similaires à celles obtenues dans les alliages de titane classiques. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant d'obtenir cet alliage de titane bon marché.
PCT/ES2009/070320 2008-08-08 2009-07-29 Alliages de titane bon marché et procédé permettant de préparer ces alliages WO2010015723A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200802403A ES2341162B1 (es) 2008-08-08 2008-08-08 Aleaciones de titanio de bajo coste y metodo para la preparacion de las mismas.
ESP200802403 2008-08-08

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WO2010015723A1 true WO2010015723A1 (fr) 2010-02-11

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107190178A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-09-22 中南大学 一种钛基复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2718465A (en) * 1950-02-08 1955-09-20 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Iron-chromium titanium base alloys
CN1962913A (zh) * 2006-11-14 2007-05-16 永康市民泰钛业科技有限公司 一种可调节性能的低成本钛合金

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2718465A (en) * 1950-02-08 1955-09-20 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Iron-chromium titanium base alloys
CN1962913A (zh) * 2006-11-14 2007-05-16 永康市民泰钛业科技有限公司 一种可调节性能的低成本钛合金

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ESTEBAN, P.G. ET AL.: "Low-cost titanium alloys?Iron may hold the answers", METAL POWDER REPORT, vol. 63, 1 April 2008 (2008-04-01), pages 24 - 27 *
LIU, Y. ET AL.: "Design of powder metallurgy titanium alloys and composites", MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A, vol. 418, 31 October 2005 (2005-10-31), pages 25 - 35 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107190178A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-09-22 中南大学 一种钛基复合材料及其制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
ES2341162B1 (es) 2011-05-05
ES2341162A1 (es) 2010-06-15

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