WO2010011118A1 - Self-oscillating boost converter for solar applications - Google Patents

Self-oscillating boost converter for solar applications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010011118A1
WO2010011118A1 PCT/MX2008/000094 MX2008000094W WO2010011118A1 WO 2010011118 A1 WO2010011118 A1 WO 2010011118A1 MX 2008000094 W MX2008000094 W MX 2008000094W WO 2010011118 A1 WO2010011118 A1 WO 2010011118A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
circuit
energy
voltage
counter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2008/000094
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergio GARCÍA DE ALBA GARCIN
Original Assignee
Garcia De Alba Garcin Sergio
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Application filed by Garcia De Alba Garcin Sergio filed Critical Garcia De Alba Garcin Sergio
Priority to PCT/MX2008/000094 priority Critical patent/WO2010011118A1/en
Publication of WO2010011118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010011118A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems for energy storage and more specifically with a system for transferring energy to a storage medium, which can store significant amounts of energy very efficiently, and its storage capacity can be increased so that It makes it possible to ignore the use of rechargeable batteries.
  • the scope of the new invention is wide, but it is particularly useful for portable applications with relatively low power consumption, in which it is desired to operate without batteries, and using photocells, for example, TV remote controls, car keys, LED flashlights, electronic paper (portable OLED displays), wireless sensors, etc.
  • photocells for example, TV remote controls, car keys, LED flashlights, electronic paper (portable OLED displays), wireless sensors, etc.
  • the circuit that is technically more similar to innovation is a "boost" DC-DC converter.
  • the boost converter usually requires an oscillator
  • the new proposal uses feedback to generate the oscillation, instead of using an external oscillator, and the voltage gain does not It is a fixed relationship, but it increases as necessary to store more energy, taking advantage of the fact that in a capacitor the stored energy is 1 A CV.
  • Other devices that can be considered similar are the so-called “solar engines”, but these do not have the ability to increase the voltage in the capacitor to store more and more energy. Rather, such devices are characterized in that they charge a capacitor at a fixed voltage, to subsequently discharge it, and repeat the operation, or else store the energy in rechargeable type batteries.
  • the tiny power circuit can operate with input voltages lower than 0.3 volts with high efficiency allowing designers to solve the barrier of low voltage designs by incorporating these alternative energy sources into applications such as mobile phones, portable medical devices and players media.
  • the drawback of this device is that it handles a fixed voltage gain ratio which does not appropriate for storing significant amounts of energy in a capacitor.
  • a DC-DC auto-oscillation converter circuit which includes a first transistor electrically connected with a positive input terminal, a second transistor electrically connected with the first transistor and operable to pass a part of a base current of the first transistor, and a circuit to stabilize the output voltage, electrically connected between the second transistor and a positive output terminal.
  • the negative output terminal is directly connected to the negative input terminal.
  • the DC-DC auto-oscillation converter circuit does not use an auxiliary turn, thus allowing the use of NPN transistors.
  • the positive regeneration is obtained by a change of the Y cel voltage of the first transistor from a saturation state to a non-saturation state.
  • the second transistor In the non-saturation state, the second transistor is turned on, the first transistor is turned off and auto-oscillation is reached.
  • the DC-DC auto-oscillation converter works normally when the input voltage is lower than 5V ⁇ C.
  • Nerone US Patent No. 6,525,488 proposes a self-oscillating boost converter that includes a resistor starter network configured to initiate a converter load.
  • a resonant regeneration circuit is designed to generate an oscillating signal immediately after the circuit starts through the resistor start-up network.
  • a complementary switching network has a pair of complementary switches connected to a common source configured to receive the oscillation signal generated by the resonant regeneration circuit. The oscillation signal determines a switching index, or a service cycle of the pair of complementary switches.
  • a boost inductor is in operational connection with the torque of complementary switches. The switching speed of the complementary switching network acts to determine the boost voltage supplied to a load.
  • this converter does not include a memory element and is not designed to gradually store energy at increasing voltages.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,657,419 refers to a micro-solar isolation circuit that has a boost regulator or DC-DC converter used to transfer available energy from a solar cell source, at a value close to optimal, at a load.
  • the micro-solar isolation circuit comprises a comparator to generate an error signal based on a reference voltage of the solar cell where a modulator controller receives the error signal and changes its duty cycle based on the error signal.
  • the modulator controller controls a high-speed switch in association with a synchronous rectifier to limit the current without causing loss.
  • the circuit of this patent seeks to transfer the energy of solar cells to a load in the most efficient way in real time, however, it is not designed to store said energy.
  • the main object of the present invention is to propose a novel system for transferring energy or load to a medium (Je storage of charge in a circuit, by taking advantage of the internal resistance of certain energy sources, for example photocells, so that together with certain logic is achieved a self-oscillation that allows the structure type converter "boost" to charge the capacitor at increasing voltages as necessary. This is achieved by the way the work cycle is self-adjusting.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a converter that, unlike those currently used, does not require an oscillator, since it uses feedback to generate the self-oscillation. This has the advantage of reducing the cost of the device.
  • the invention consists of a self-oscillating boost converter for solar applications of the type that can be used to operate low energy consumption devices, and which makes it possible to dispense with the use of rechargeable batteries, said converter is characterized by a circuit that makes use of feedback to generate the oscillation, instead of using an external oscillator, in addition said circuit is characterized in that it handles a non-fixed voltage ratio, which varies in increment so that it can gradually increase its storage capacity.
  • the new self-oscillating converter comprises: a) an autonomous or self-contained energy source; b) a boost type voltage converter that is powered by the power source to increase the voltage of said power source; c) an energy storage device that can store energy at different voltages that is connected to the output of the converter; and d) a logic feedback circuit that is connected to the input node of the boost converter and its switching element, which serves to generate the necessary oscillation for said converter; further said logic circuit allows a dynamic relationship in the voltage gain produced by the boost converter; said logic circuit includes a memory element to allow operation with hysteresis.
  • the converter may also include a restorative circuit that goes into operation to restore or restart the operation of the converter when a fault occurs, caused for example by noise or electromagnetic interference.
  • a method for transferring energy to an energy storage medium in a self-oscillating circuit is also described, which can gradually increase its energy storage capacity.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of a conventional boost converter, in which we can see that the oscillation is usually generated by an oscillator or an external logic medium, for example a microcontroller, and the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is set. for the work cycle of the swing.
  • the oscillation is usually generated by an oscillator or an external logic medium, for example a microcontroller, and the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is set. for the work cycle of the swing.
  • Figure 2 corresponds to a typical circuit commonly used in devices supplied with solar energy.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are circuit diagrams of a low-energy boost converter of the prior art, wherein the circuit of Figure 3 corresponds to the external connection of the integrated circuit and Figure 4 to its internal structure.
  • Figure 5 is an exemplary schematic representation of a structured auto-oscillatory boost converter according to the new invention.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of a test of the new concept developed under ideal conditions.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram of the previous figure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the new converter with the difference that in this mode a restorative circuit is included to reset said converter if a fault occurs.
  • Figure 9 is representative of a diagram of a simulation of the circuit of Figure 8, under non-ideal conditions.
  • Figure 10 is an enlargement of the diagram of the previous figure.
  • Figure 11 is a flow chart describing the charging procedure of the energy storage element of the new converter.
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart describing the operation of the restorative circuit.
  • Figure 13 is a diagram of a simulation of the operation of the converter restorative circuit.
  • the invention consists of a self-oscillating boost converter that is suitable for application where the energy source has an internal resistance / impedance, similar to photocells and in which the energy is stored in capacitors or other suitable energy storage medium.
  • the new converter is characterized in that it uses the internal resistance of the power source, together with the inductor and the logic components, to create the oscillation necessary to increase the input voltage and in which the frequency and duty cycle are self adjust to increase the voltage on the capacitor of storage and, consequently, the amount of energy that is stored in it.
  • the internal resistance / impedance of the energy source is used to materialize the converter of the present invention.
  • the reason why the present innovation allows to store significant amounts of energy (eg solar energy) in a capacitor is because it causes the voltage in the capacitor to increase as necessary, and the energy stored in a capacitor is given by the formula: E ⁇ and 2 C v 2 where:
  • C is the capacitance
  • V is the voltage on the capacitor.
  • the system is characterized by the following basic elements: photocells (F) with the negative terminal connected to ground and the positive terminal connected to the identified node Vx, an inductor (Ll) with a terminal connected to the node Vx and the other connected to the collector of a NPN (M3) Mosfet transistor.
  • Said transistor (M3) has its emitter connected to ground, and its base to the identified node Vsw.
  • diode (Dl) with its positive terminal connected to the inductor terminal (Ll) that is connected to the transistor collector (M3), and with its negative terminal connected to the storage capacitor (C), which has its Another grounded terminal.
  • a second diode (D2) has its positive terminal connected to the Vx node, and its negative terminal to a capacitor terminal (C2) and pins 0 (CLRBAR) and 3 (PREBAR) of the memory element (Ul), said node is identified as Vref.
  • the second capacitor terminal (C2) is grounded.
  • the circuit also includes a PNP (Ml) Mosfet transistor with its base connected to the node Vx 5 thereof connected to the node Vret emitter and its collector connected to a terminal of the impedance (Zl) and to one input of the gate (XNOR) and said node is identified as Va.
  • the other impedance terminal (Zl) is grounded.
  • the Mosfet NPN type transistor (M2) has its base connected to node Vx 5 its emitter connected to ground, and its collector connected to an impedance terminal (Z2) as well as to a gate input (XNOR) and said node is identified as Vb.
  • the other impedance terminal (Z2) is connected to the Vref node.
  • the output of the XNOR, identified as Logical, is connected to pin 2 (CLK) of the memory element (Ul).
  • the rest of the pins of the memory element (Ul) are connected as follows: pin 5 (QBAR) connected to pin 1 (D) and node Vsw, and pin 4 (Q) is left offline.
  • the voltage Vx 5 at the node between the photocells (F) and the inductor Ll decreases when the transistor M3 is closed (Vsw high). Eventually, this causes Va and Vb to have a logical voltage of 1, and a pulse is generated at the output of the XNOR gate (Vlogic), changing the output state of the memory element (Ul), which in turn it opens the transistor M3, and causes Vx to start increasing. Eventually, both Va and Vb have a logical O voltage, which changes the state of the memory element (Ul) again, and the entire process described above is repeated.
  • the diode Dl is arranged to prevent the storage capacitor C from discharging.
  • the way the voltage in the capacitor goes increasing is the same as in a conventional "boost" converter, that when the transistor (M3) is opened, the energy that was stored in the inductor causes the voltage in it to increase and the polarity that it had when the transistor is reversed It was closed, so that they end up adding the source and inductor voltage, thus charging the capacitor to a higher voltage.
  • D is the duty cycle, that is, the relationship between the time that transistor M3 is on of the total cycle time.
  • transistor M3 The longer the transistor M3 is closed, the more energy is stored in the inductor Ll, and when there is less time (transistor M3 open) to discharge (charging the capacitor) the inductor voltage is forced to increase (to respect the energy conservation).
  • the voltage Vx is increased at a rate influenced by the internal resistance of the solar cells, the value of the inductor Ll and the size of the capacitor C. At this moment, the voltage Vsw is low and the transistor M3 is open. State 5:
  • Bl voltage Vx approaches the reference voltage Vref, changing the voltage Va from logic 1 to logic 0, the logic voltage generates a pulse and the memory element (Ul) switches status. At this time, it invert the voltage state Vsw, going from low Vsw to high Vsw, and the transistor (M3) changes to closed state.
  • the repetition of the previous cycle causes the amount of energy accumulated in the storage medium C provided in the circuit to be gradually increased for that purpose.
  • FIG 7 shows a partial representation of a simulation test of the operation of the circuit illustrated in Figure 5, which shows how the voltage increases in the storage capacitor (Vo) and the oscillation is also appreciated in the voltage Vx which is related to the charge and discharge of the inductor (Ll). Furthermore, in said diagram Vsw represents the voltage at the output of the memory element (Ul), which controls the switching of transistor M3.
  • this corresponds to the circuit of an alternative system to that of figure 5, which is characterized in that a circuit (M4, Z3, C3, XOR) has been incorporated to restore or put the converter back into operation. in the event of a failure, for example, by noise or electromagnetic interference.
  • the restorative circuit includes an analog counter (Z3, C3), which is being periodically reset by the transistor (M4) which in turn is activated by the oscillation of the memory element (Ul) when the device is working correctly; when a fault occurs, this counter exceeds a certain threshold and produces an inversion in the output of the XOR gate which in turn reverses the state of the switching element (M3), reactivating the system and allowing the converter to function normally again.
  • the impedance Z3 is the medium that controls the charging speed of the capacitor C3.
  • the restorative circuit comprises the capacitor (C3) that during the normal operation of the system is cyclically charged and unloaded from partially so that when the size is presented left ⁇ e be downloading to said capacitor, so the voltage on it exceeds a threshold which in turn inverts the output of the XOR 3 gate which reactivates the system and makes continue functioning as described here in advance.
  • the collector of transistor M4 which in the illustrated case consists of a Mosfet transistor type PNP 5 is grounded and its emitter is connected to a reference voltage through the impedance Z3, as well as to a C3 capacitor terminal and an XOR gate input.
  • the second terminal of capacitor C3 is grounded and the base of transistor M4 is connected to the non-denied output of the memory element (Ul).
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to propose a method for transferring energy to an electric charge storage medium in a self-oscillating circuit, which can gradually increase its energy storage capacity.
  • the method comprises the steps of: a) supply energy from a self-contained autonomous source at an auto-oscillatory circuit input; b) during a first interval, store energy in an inductor and monitor the loading progress of said inductor and, when a predetermined level of the inductor charging process is reached, generate a signal that changes the state of a memory element and cause the inductor to stop charging; c) during a second interval, the inductor transfers the energy to a variable voltage storage device, and the progress of energy transfer from the inductor to the storage device is monitored, and when a predetermined advance in the transfer process is achieved of energy, changes the state of said memory element and returns to the first interval.
  • the diagram in Figure 12 refers to the operation of the restorative circuit in which, from the initialization of the system, a variable or counter (analog or digital) will be increasing and periodically this variable will be reset whenever the circuit It is working properly. So when a fault occurs this will cause the value of the variable to exceed a certain threshold which will invert the voltage Vsw, as described above, so that the operation of the system will be reactivated.
  • a variable or counter analog or digital
  • the converter reset circuit operates as follows: a) during a first interval, the counter value '(M4, Z3, C3) is increased; b) during a second interval, it is verified if the value of said counter has exceeded a predetermined value, where: bl) if this has been exceeded, the state of a switching element is reversed whereby the operation of the auto-oscillating circuit is restored and the counter is reset; and b2) if said value has not exceeded the predetermined value, it is verified if the memory element is oscillating: i) if the memory element is oscillating, the counter is reset and returns to the first interval, ii) if the memory element it is not oscillating, it returns to the first interval where the counter is increased.
  • Figure 13 corresponds to the simulation of the operation of the converter under non-ideal conditions; specifically, a fault in the circuit is simulated within a preselected time range, and the voltage that is used as the analog counter of the restorative circuit (Vreinicio) is shown, when the fault occurs it is seen as said voltage begins to increase notably.
  • the restorative circuit reverses the voltage Vsw which in turn reverses the switching element (M3) to try to reset the circuit, which is successfully achieved until the second attempt (since during the first attempt the induced fault was still present) as described in the previous paragraph.
  • the value of the analog counter (Vreinicio) is reset when it exceeds said threshold.
  • a high performance, low power consumption type D flip flop has been proposed as a memory element.
  • said element can be replaced by someone else who performs the same function.
  • some other components such as analog filters and shielding elements can be added to the circuit or decoupling, to mitigate the effects of electrical noise or electromagnetic interference.

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-oscillating circuit for transferring power to an electric charge storage means in a circuit, which can store large quantities of power, whereby the storage capacity thereof can be increased gradually. The self-oscillating circuit is particularly suitable for portable applications using photocells and having relatively low power consumption requirements, e.g. TV remote controls, car keys, LED lamps, electronic paper (portable OLED type displays), wireless sensors and other portable applications for which batteries are not to be used.

Description

UN CONVERTIDOR BOOST AUTO-OSCILATORIO PARA APLICACIONES SOLARES A SELF-OSCILLATING BOOST CONVERTER FOR SOLAR APPLICATIONS
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Campo de la Invención.Field of the Invention
La presente invención se relaciona con sistemas para almacenamiento de energía y mas específicamente con un sistema para transferir energía a un medio de almacenamiento, el cual puede almacenar cantidades importantes de energía de forma muy eficiente, y su capacidad de almacenamiento puede irse incrementando de forma que hace posible obviar el uso de pilas recargables.The present invention relates to systems for energy storage and more specifically with a system for transferring energy to a storage medium, which can store significant amounts of energy very efficiently, and its storage capacity can be increased so that It makes it possible to ignore the use of rechargeable batteries.
El campo de aplicación de la nueva invención es extenso, pero resulta particularmente útil para aplicaciones portátiles con consumos relativamente bajos de energía, en las que se desee operar sin baterías, y utilizando fotoceldas, por ejemplo, controles remotos de TV, llaves de coches, linternas de LEDs, papel electrónico (pantallas tipo OLED portátiles), sensores inalámbricos, etc.The scope of the new invention is wide, but it is particularly useful for portable applications with relatively low power consumption, in which it is desired to operate without batteries, and using photocells, for example, TV remote controls, car keys, LED flashlights, electronic paper (portable OLED displays), wireless sensors, etc.
Arte Previo.Previous Art
El circuito técnicamente más similar a la innovación viene a ser un convertidor DC-DC tipo "boost". Sin embargo, entre ambos existen claras diferencias ya que el convertidor "boost" normalmente requiere de un oscilador, en tanto que la nueva propuesta hace uso de retroalimentación para generar la oscilación, en lugar de utilizar un oscilador externo, y la ganancia de voltaje no es una relación fija, sino que se va incrementando conforme es necesario para almacenar mayor energía, aprovechando que en un capacitor la energía almacenada es 1A CV . Otros dispositivos que se pueden considerar similares son los denominados "solar engines", pero estos no tienen la capacidad de ir incrementando el voltaje en el capacitor para ir almacenando cada vez más energía. Más bien, tales dispositivos se caracterizan en que cargan un capacitor a un voltaje fijo, para posteriormente descargarlo, y repetir la operación, o bien almacenan la energía en baterías de tipo recargable.The circuit that is technically more similar to innovation is a "boost" DC-DC converter. However, there are clear differences between the two since the boost converter usually requires an oscillator, while the new proposal uses feedback to generate the oscillation, instead of using an external oscillator, and the voltage gain does not It is a fixed relationship, but it increases as necessary to store more energy, taking advantage of the fact that in a capacitor the stored energy is 1 A CV. Other devices that can be considered similar are the so-called "solar engines", but these do not have the ability to increase the voltage in the capacitor to store more and more energy. Rather, such devices are characterized in that they charge a capacitor at a fixed voltage, to subsequently discharge it, and repeat the operation, or else store the energy in rechargeable type batteries.
Los productos que funcionan a base de energía solar actualmente almacenan energía en baterías recargables o bien almacenan pequeñas cantidades de energía en capacitores para luego liberarla en ráfagas como en el caso del dispositivo solar de Miller. Sin embargo, en este último caso, la cantidad de energía almacenada en el capacitor es tan pequeña que no garantiza una autonomía de carga suficiente como para redituar en una utilización prolongada del dispositivo solar por lo que necesariamente recurre al uso de baterías recargables. Existen otros dispositivos similares de buena eficiencia que coadyuvan a hacer que las aplicaciones con base en energía solar sean mas prácticas, sin embargo, tienen el inconveniente de que la ganancia de voltaje es fija. Por ejemplo, Texas Instruments Incorporated ha introducido en el mercado el convertidor boost DC/DC de voltaje de entrada más bajo de la industria, el cual permitirá que los equipos portátiles electrónicos extraigan energía de nuevas fuentes de energía, tales como celdas solares y microceldas de combustible. El diminuto circuito de energía puede operar con voltajes de entrada inferiores a 0.3 volts con una alta eficiencia permitiendo que los diseñadores resuelvan la barrera de diseños de bajo voltaje de incorporar estas fuentes de energía alternativas en aplicaciones tales como teléfonos móviles, dispositivos médicos portátiles y reproductores de medios. Sin embargo, el inconveniente de este dispositivo es que maneja una relación de ganancia de voltaje fija lo cual no lo hace apropiado para almacenar cantidades importantes de energia en un capacitor.Solar-powered products currently store energy in rechargeable batteries or store small amounts of energy in capacitors and then release it in bursts as in the case of Miller's solar device. However, in the latter case, the amount of energy stored in the capacitor is so small that it does not guarantee sufficient charging autonomy to result in prolonged use of the solar device so it necessarily uses rechargeable batteries. There are other similar devices of good efficiency that help make applications based on solar energy more practical, however, they have the disadvantage that the voltage gain is fixed. For example, Texas Instruments Incorporated has introduced the industry's lowest input voltage DC / DC boost converter in the market, which will allow electronic portable equipment to extract energy from new energy sources, such as solar cells and microcell cells. fuel. The tiny power circuit can operate with input voltages lower than 0.3 volts with high efficiency allowing designers to solve the barrier of low voltage designs by incorporating these alternative energy sources into applications such as mobile phones, portable medical devices and players media. However, the drawback of this device is that it handles a fixed voltage gain ratio which does not appropriate for storing significant amounts of energy in a capacitor.
En la patente norteamericana No. 6,597,155 de Huang, se describe un circuito convertidor de auto-oscilación DC-DC que incluye un primer transistor eléctricamente conectado con un terminal positivo de entrada, un segundo transistor conectado eléctricamente con el primer transistor y operable para pasar una parte de una corriente de base del primer transistor, y un circuito para estabilizar el voltaje de salida, conectado eléctricamente entre el segundo transistor y un terminal positivo de salida. El terminal negativo de salida está conectado directamente con el terminal negativo de entrada. El circuito convertidor de auto-oscilación DC-DC no utiliza una vuelta auxiliar, permitiendo así el uso de transistores tipo NPN. La regeneración positiva se obtiene por un cambio del voltaje Ycel del primer transistor desde un estado de saturación hasta un estado de no-saturación. En el estado de no-saturación, se enciende el segundo transistor, se apaga el primer transistor y se alcanza la auto-oscilación. Con esta estructura, el convertidor de auto-oscilación DC-DC funciona normalmente cuando el voltaje de entrada es más bajo que 5V¿C.In US Patent No. 6,597,155 to Huang, a DC-DC auto-oscillation converter circuit is described which includes a first transistor electrically connected with a positive input terminal, a second transistor electrically connected with the first transistor and operable to pass a part of a base current of the first transistor, and a circuit to stabilize the output voltage, electrically connected between the second transistor and a positive output terminal. The negative output terminal is directly connected to the negative input terminal. The DC-DC auto-oscillation converter circuit does not use an auxiliary turn, thus allowing the use of NPN transistors. The positive regeneration is obtained by a change of the Y cel voltage of the first transistor from a saturation state to a non-saturation state. In the non-saturation state, the second transistor is turned on, the first transistor is turned off and auto-oscillation is reached. With this structure, the DC-DC auto-oscillation converter works normally when the input voltage is lower than 5V ¿ C.
Por su parte, la patente Norteamericana No. 6,525,488 de Nerone propone un convertidor boost auto-oscilante que incluye una red de arranque de resistores configurada para iniciar una carga del convertidor. Un circuito de regeneración resonante está diseñado para generar una señal oscilante enseguida del arranque del circuito por medio de la red de arranque de resistores. Una red de conmutación complementaria tiene un par de interruptores complementarios conectados a una fuente común configurados para recibir la señal de oscilación generada por el circuito de regeneración resonante. La señal de oscilación determina un índice de conmutación, o un ciclo de servicio del par de interruptores complementarios. Un inductor boost está en conexión operativa con el par de interruptores complementarios. La velocidad de conmutación de la red de conmutación complementaria actúa para determinar el voltaje boost suministrado a una carga. Entre las diferencias que existen con el nuevo convertidor están que los componentes para generar la autooscilación son analógicos y no digitales, este convertidor no incluye elemento de memoria y tampoco está diseñado para ir almacenando energía progresivamente a voltajes cada vez mayores.For its part, Nerone US Patent No. 6,525,488 proposes a self-oscillating boost converter that includes a resistor starter network configured to initiate a converter load. A resonant regeneration circuit is designed to generate an oscillating signal immediately after the circuit starts through the resistor start-up network. A complementary switching network has a pair of complementary switches connected to a common source configured to receive the oscillation signal generated by the resonant regeneration circuit. The oscillation signal determines a switching index, or a service cycle of the pair of complementary switches. A boost inductor is in operational connection with the torque of complementary switches. The switching speed of the complementary switching network acts to determine the boost voltage supplied to a load. Among the differences that exist with the new converter are that the components to generate the self-oscillation are analog and not digital, this converter does not include a memory element and is not designed to gradually store energy at increasing voltages.
La patente Norteamericana No. 6,657,419 de Renyolds refiere a un circuito de aislamiento micro-solar que tiene un regulador boost o un convertidor DC-DC usado para transferir la energía disponible desde una fuente de celda solar, en un valor cercano al óptimo, a una carga. El circuito de aislamiento micro-solar comprende un comparador para generar una señal de error basada en un voltaje de referencia de la celda solar en donde un controlador modulador recibe la señal de error y cambia su ciclo de trabajo basado en la señal de error. El controlador modulador controla a un interruptor de alta velocidad en asociación con un rectificador síncrono para limitar la corriente sin ocasionar pérdida. Bl circuito de esta patente busca transferir la energía de las celdas solares a una carga de la forma más eficiente en tiempo real, sin embargo, no está diseñado para almacenar dicha energía.Renyolds U.S. Patent No. 6,657,419 refers to a micro-solar isolation circuit that has a boost regulator or DC-DC converter used to transfer available energy from a solar cell source, at a value close to optimal, at a load. The micro-solar isolation circuit comprises a comparator to generate an error signal based on a reference voltage of the solar cell where a modulator controller receives the error signal and changes its duty cycle based on the error signal. The modulator controller controls a high-speed switch in association with a synchronous rectifier to limit the current without causing loss. The circuit of this patent seeks to transfer the energy of solar cells to a load in the most efficient way in real time, however, it is not designed to store said energy.
SUMARIO DE LA INVENCIÓNSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
El objeto principal de la presente invención es proponer un novedoso sistema para transferir energía o carga a un medio (Je almacenamiento de carga en un circuito, mediante el aprovechamiento de la resistencia interna de ciertas fuentes de energía, por ejemplo fotoceldas, para que junto con cierta lógica se logre una auto-oscilación que permita a la estructura tipo convertidor "boost" ir cargando el capacitor a cada vez mayores voltajes conforme vaya siendo necesario. Esto se consigue por la forma en que se va auto-ajustando el ciclo de trabajo.The main object of the present invention is to propose a novel system for transferring energy or load to a medium (Je storage of charge in a circuit, by taking advantage of the internal resistance of certain energy sources, for example photocells, so that together with certain logic is achieved a self-oscillation that allows the structure type converter "boost" to charge the capacitor at increasing voltages as necessary. This is achieved by the way the work cycle is self-adjusting.
Otro objetivo de la invención es proponer un convertidor que, a diferencia de los que se utilizan actualmente, no requiere un oscilador, ya que utiliza retroalimentación para generar la auto-oscilación. Esto tiene la ventaja de reducir el costo del dispositivo.Another object of the invention is to propose a converter that, unlike those currently used, does not require an oscillator, since it uses feedback to generate the self-oscillation. This has the advantage of reducing the cost of the device.
En una modalidad preferida de realización, la invención consiste en un convertidor boost auto-oscilatorio para aplicaciones solares del tipo que puede usarse para operar dispositivos de bajo consumo de energía, y que permite prescindir del uso de baterías recargables, dicho convertidor se caracteriza por un circuito que hace uso de retroalimentación para generar la oscilación, en lugar de utilizar un oscilador externo, además dicho circuito se caracteriza porque maneja una relación de voltaje no fija, la cual varía en incremento de manera que puede gradualmente aumentar su capacidad de almacenamiento. El nuevo convertidor auto-oscilatorio comprende: a) una fuente de energía autónoma o autocontenida; b) un convertidor de voltaje tipo boost que es alimentado por la fuente de energía para incrementar el voltaje de dicha fuente de energía; c) un dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía que puede almacenar energía a diferentes voltajes que está conectado a la salida del convertidor; y d) un circuito lógico de retroalimentación que está conectado al nodo de entrada del convertidor boost y a su elemento de conmutación, el cual sirve para generar la oscilación necesaria para dicho convertidor; además dicho circuito lógico permite una relación dinámica en la ganancia de voltaje que produce el convertidor boost; dicho circuito lógico incluye un elemento de memoria para permitir un funcionamiento con histéresis. En una modalidad de realización alterna, el convertidor puede además incluir un circuito restaurador que entra en operación para restaurar o reiniciar el funcionamiento del convertidor cuando se presenta una falla, ocasionada por ejemplo por ruido o interferencia electromagnética.In a preferred embodiment, the invention consists of a self-oscillating boost converter for solar applications of the type that can be used to operate low energy consumption devices, and which makes it possible to dispense with the use of rechargeable batteries, said converter is characterized by a circuit that makes use of feedback to generate the oscillation, instead of using an external oscillator, in addition said circuit is characterized in that it handles a non-fixed voltage ratio, which varies in increment so that it can gradually increase its storage capacity. The new self-oscillating converter comprises: a) an autonomous or self-contained energy source; b) a boost type voltage converter that is powered by the power source to increase the voltage of said power source; c) an energy storage device that can store energy at different voltages that is connected to the output of the converter; and d) a logic feedback circuit that is connected to the input node of the boost converter and its switching element, which serves to generate the necessary oscillation for said converter; further said logic circuit allows a dynamic relationship in the voltage gain produced by the boost converter; said logic circuit includes a memory element to allow operation with hysteresis. In an alternate embodiment, the converter may also include a restorative circuit that goes into operation to restore or restart the operation of the converter when a fault occurs, caused for example by noise or electromagnetic interference.
En otro aspecto de la invención, se describe también un método para transferir energía a un medio de almacenamiento de energía en un circuito auto-oscilatorio, que puede ir incrementando gradualmente su capacidad de almacenamiento de energía.In another aspect of the invention, a method for transferring energy to an energy storage medium in a self-oscillating circuit is also described, which can gradually increase its energy storage capacity.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1 es un diagrama de un convertidor boost convencional, en el que podemos observar que la oscilación se genera usualmente mediante un oscilador o un medio lógico externo, por ejemplo un microcontrolador, y la proporción del voltaje de salida al voltaje de entrada es fijada por el ciclo de trabajo de la oscilación.Figure 1 is a diagram of a conventional boost converter, in which we can see that the oscillation is usually generated by an oscillator or an external logic medium, for example a microcontroller, and the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is set. for the work cycle of the swing.
La figura 2 corresponde a un circuito típico comúnmente empleado en dispositivos abastecidos con energía solar.Figure 2 corresponds to a typical circuit commonly used in devices supplied with solar energy.
Las figuras 3 y 4 son diagramas del circuito de un convertidor boost de bajo consumo de energía del arte previo, en donde el circuito de la figura 3 corresponde a la conexión externa del circuito integrado y la figura 4 a su estructura interna. La figura 5 es una representación esquemática ejemplifϊcativa de un convertidor boost auto-oscilatorio estructurado conforme a la nueva invención.Figures 3 and 4 are circuit diagrams of a low-energy boost converter of the prior art, wherein the circuit of Figure 3 corresponds to the external connection of the integrated circuit and Figure 4 to its internal structure. Figure 5 is an exemplary schematic representation of a structured auto-oscillatory boost converter according to the new invention.
La figura 6 es un diagrama de una prueba del nuevo concepto desarrollada bajo condiciones ideales. La figura 7 es una vista ampliada de una parte del diagrama de la figura anterior.Figure 6 is a diagram of a test of the new concept developed under ideal conditions. Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram of the previous figure.
La figura 8 es un diagrama esquemático del nuevo convertidor con la diferencia de que en esta modalidad se incluye un circuito restaurador para reinicializar dicho convertidor si se llega a presentar una falla.Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the new converter with the difference that in this mode a restorative circuit is included to reset said converter if a fault occurs.
La figura 9 es representativa de un diagrama de una simulación del circuito de la figura 8, bajo condiciones no ideales.Figure 9 is representative of a diagram of a simulation of the circuit of Figure 8, under non-ideal conditions.
La figura 10 es una ampliación del diagrama de la figura anterior.Figure 10 is an enlargement of the diagram of the previous figure.
La figura 11 es un diagrama de flujo que describe el procedimiento de carga del elemento de almacenamiento de energía del nuevo convertidor.Figure 11 is a flow chart describing the charging procedure of the energy storage element of the new converter.
La figura 12 es un diagrama de flujo que describe el funcionamiento del circuito restaurador.Figure 12 is a flow chart describing the operation of the restorative circuit.
La figura 13 es un diagrama de una simulación del funcionamiento del circuito restaurador del convertidor.Figure 13 is a diagram of a simulation of the operation of the converter restorative circuit.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA MODALIDAD PREFERIDADETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODE
DE LA INVENCIÓNOF THE INVENTION
La invención consiste en un convertidor boost auto-oscilatorio que es apropiado para aplicarse donde la fuente de energía cuenta con una resistencia/impedancia interna, similar a las fotoceldas y en el que la energía se almacena en capacitores u otro medio de almacenamiento de energía adecuado. El nuevo convertidor se caracteriza porque utiliza la resistencia interna de la fuente de energía, en conjunto con el inductor y los componentes lógicos, para crear la oscilación necesaria para ir incrementando el voltaje de entrada y en el que la frecuencia y ciclo de trabajo se auto ajustan para ir incrementando el voltaje en el capacitor de almacenamiento y, en consecuencia, la cantidad de energía que se almacena en el mismo. De esta manera, se aprovecha la resistencia/impedancia interna de la fuente de energía para materializar al convertidor de la presente invención. La razón por la que la presente innovación permite almacenar cantidades significativas de energía (e.g. energía solar) en un capacitor, es porque hace que el voltaje en el capacitor se vaya incrementando conforme es necesario, y la energía almacenada en un capacitor está dada por la fórmula: E^ y2 C v2 en donde:The invention consists of a self-oscillating boost converter that is suitable for application where the energy source has an internal resistance / impedance, similar to photocells and in which the energy is stored in capacitors or other suitable energy storage medium. . The new converter is characterized in that it uses the internal resistance of the power source, together with the inductor and the logic components, to create the oscillation necessary to increase the input voltage and in which the frequency and duty cycle are self adjust to increase the voltage on the capacitor of storage and, consequently, the amount of energy that is stored in it. In this way, the internal resistance / impedance of the energy source is used to materialize the converter of the present invention. The reason why the present innovation allows to store significant amounts of energy (eg solar energy) in a capacitor, is because it causes the voltage in the capacitor to increase as necessary, and the energy stored in a capacitor is given by the formula: E ^ and 2 C v 2 where:
C es la capacitancia; yC is the capacitance; Y
V es el voltaje en el capacitor.V is the voltage on the capacitor.
Con referencia a la figura 5, el sistema se caracteriza por los siguientes elementos básicos: fotoceldas (F) con la terminal negativa conectada a tierra y la terminal positiva conectada al nodo identificado Vx, un inductor (Ll) con una terminal conectada al nodo Vx y la otra conectada al colector de un transistor Mosfet tipo NPN (M3). Dicho transistor (M3) tiene conectado su emisor a tierra, y su base al nodo identificado Vsw. También se tiene un diodo (Dl) con su terminal positiva conectada a la terminal del inductor (Ll) que está conectada al colector del transistor (M3), y con su terminal negativa conectada al capacitor de almacenamiento (C), el cual tiene su otra terminal conectada a tierra. Un segundo diodo (D2) tiene su terminal positiva conectada al nodo Vx, y su terminal negativa a una terminal del capacitor (C2) y los pines 0 (CLRBAR) y 3 (PREBAR) del elemento de memoria (Ul), dicho nodo está identificado como Vref. La segunda terminal del capacitor (C2) está conectada a tierra.With reference to Figure 5, the system is characterized by the following basic elements: photocells (F) with the negative terminal connected to ground and the positive terminal connected to the identified node Vx, an inductor (Ll) with a terminal connected to the node Vx and the other connected to the collector of a NPN (M3) Mosfet transistor. Said transistor (M3) has its emitter connected to ground, and its base to the identified node Vsw. There is also a diode (Dl) with its positive terminal connected to the inductor terminal (Ll) that is connected to the transistor collector (M3), and with its negative terminal connected to the storage capacitor (C), which has its Another grounded terminal. A second diode (D2) has its positive terminal connected to the Vx node, and its negative terminal to a capacitor terminal (C2) and pins 0 (CLRBAR) and 3 (PREBAR) of the memory element (Ul), said node is identified as Vref. The second capacitor terminal (C2) is grounded.
El circuito también incluye un transistor Mosfet tipo PNP (Ml) con su base conectada al nodo Vx5 su emisor conectado al nodo Vret, y su colector conectado a una terminal de la impedancia (Zl) así como a una de las entradas de la compuerta (XNOR) y dicho nodo está identificado como Va. La otra terminal de la impedancia (Zl) está conectada a tierra. Por su parte, el transistor Mosfet tipo NPN (M2) tiene su base conectada al nodo Vx5 su emisor conectado a tierra, y su colector conectado a una terminal de la impedancia (Z2) así como a una entrada de la compuerta (XNOR) y dicho nodo está identificado como Vb. La otra terminal de la impedancia (Z2) está conectada al nodo Vref. La salida del XNOR, identificada como Vlógico, está conectada al pin 2 (CLK) del elemento de memoria (Ul). El resto de los pines del elemento de memoria (Ul) están conectados de la siguiente forma: el pin 5 (QBAR) conectado al pin 1 (D) y al nodo Vsw, y el pin 4 (Q) se deja sin conexión.The circuit also includes a PNP (Ml) Mosfet transistor with its base connected to the node Vx 5 thereof connected to the node Vret emitter and its collector connected to a terminal of the impedance (Zl) and to one input of the gate (XNOR) and said node is identified as Va. The other impedance terminal (Zl) is grounded. For its part, the Mosfet NPN type transistor (M2) has its base connected to node Vx 5 its emitter connected to ground, and its collector connected to an impedance terminal (Z2) as well as to a gate input (XNOR) and said node is identified as Vb. The other impedance terminal (Z2) is connected to the Vref node. The output of the XNOR, identified as Logical, is connected to pin 2 (CLK) of the memory element (Ul). The rest of the pins of the memory element (Ul) are connected as follows: pin 5 (QBAR) connected to pin 1 (D) and node Vsw, and pin 4 (Q) is left offline.
De acuerdo con la modalidad preferida de la invención, representada en la figura 5, el voltaje Vx5 en el nodo entre las fotoceldas (F) y el inductor Ll, disminuye cuando el transistor M3 está cerrado (Vsw en alto). Eventualmente, esto hace que Va y Vb tengan un voltaje de 1 lógico, y que se genere un pulso a la salida de la compuerta XNOR (Vlogic), cambiando el estado de salida del elemento de memoria (Ul), lo que a su vez abre el transistor M3, y origina que Vx comience a incrementarse. Eventualmente, tanto Va como Vb tienen un voltaje de O lógico, lo que vuelve a cambiar el estado del elemento de memoria (Ul), y se repite todo el proceso antes descrito.In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in Figure 5, the voltage Vx 5 at the node between the photocells (F) and the inductor Ll decreases when the transistor M3 is closed (Vsw high). Eventually, this causes Va and Vb to have a logical voltage of 1, and a pulse is generated at the output of the XNOR gate (Vlogic), changing the output state of the memory element (Ul), which in turn it opens the transistor M3, and causes Vx to start increasing. Eventually, both Va and Vb have a logical O voltage, which changes the state of the memory element (Ul) again, and the entire process described above is repeated.
La repetición del proceso anterior va generando un incremento gradual de la carga que se almacena en el capacitor, la cual se puede utilizar para abastecer un dispositivo sin necesidad de las tradicionales baterías.The repetition of the previous process generates a gradual increase in the load stored in the capacitor, which can be used to supply a device without the need for traditional batteries.
El diodo Dl está dispuesto para evitar que el capacitor C de almacenaje se descargue. La forma en que el voltaje en el capacitor va aumentando es la misma que en un convertidor tipo "boost" convencional, que cuando el transistor (M3) se abre, la energía que quedó almacenada en el inductor hace que el voltaje en éste se incremente y se invierta la polaridad que tenía cuando el transistor estaba cerrado, de forma que se terminan sumando el voltaje de la fuente y del inductor, cargando así el capacitor a un voltaje mayor.The diode Dl is arranged to prevent the storage capacitor C from discharging. The way the voltage in the capacitor goes increasing is the same as in a conventional "boost" converter, that when the transistor (M3) is opened, the energy that was stored in the inductor causes the voltage in it to increase and the polarity that it had when the transistor is reversed It was closed, so that they end up adding the source and inductor voltage, thus charging the capacitor to a higher voltage.
La relación entre el voltaje de entrada (Vdc) y el voltaje al que se carga el capacitor (Vo), esta dada por la fórmula:The relationship between the input voltage (Vdc) and the voltage at which the capacitor is charged (Vo) is given by the formula:
V0 _ 1 Vi 1 - D en donde:V 0 _ 1 Vi 1 - D where:
D es el ciclo de trabajo, es decir, la relación entre el tiempo que el transistor M3 está encendido del tiempo total de ciclo.D is the duty cycle, that is, the relationship between the time that transistor M3 is on of the total cycle time.
Entre más tiempo está el transistor M3 cerrado, más energía se almacena en el inductor Ll, y al haber menos tiempo (transistor M3 abierto) para que se descargue (cargando el capacitor) el voltaje del inductor se ve obligado a incrementarse (para respetar la conservación de energía).The longer the transistor M3 is closed, the more energy is stored in the inductor Ll, and when there is less time (transistor M3 open) to discharge (charging the capacitor) the inductor voltage is forced to increase (to respect the energy conservation).
A diferencia de un circuito tipo "boost" tradicional, en el que la relación Vo/Vi está fija (o semifija, ya que se tendría que ir generando y modificando artificialmente la señal del oscilador), con la presente invención se busca que dicha relación se vaya incrementando conforme va siendo necesario, de forma más dinámica, económica y sencilla. Esto se logra al ser un circuito auto^-oscilatorio, de forma que el ciclo de trabajo se va auto-ajustando para ir generando el voltaje necesario para ir cargando el capacitor de almacenaje.Unlike a traditional "boost" type circuit, in which the Vo / Vi ratio is fixed (or semi-fixed, since the oscillator signal would have to be generated and modified artificially), with the present invention it is sought that said relationship It increases as it becomes necessary, in a more dynamic, economical and simple way. This is achieved by being an auto-oscillatory circuit, so that the work cycle is self-adjusting to generate the voltage necessary to charge the storage capacitor.
MODO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL CONVERTIDOR: Con base en el diagrama de flujo de la figura 11, enseguida se describe el funcionamiento de dicho convertidor: Estado 1:CONVERTER OPERATION MODE: Based on the flowchart of Figure 11, the operation of this converter is described below: State 1:
Al arrancar el convertidor, el voltaje Vx tiende a disminuir a una velocidad determinada, principalmente por los valores del inductor Ll y de la resistencia/impedancia interna de las celdas solares. En este momento, el voltaje Vsw está en su valor alto y el transistor M3 está cerrado. Estado 2:When starting the converter, the voltage Vx tends to decrease at a certain speed, mainly due to the values of the inductor Ll and the resistance / internal impedance of the solar cells. At this time, the voltage Vsw is at its high value and the transistor M3 is closed. State 2:
Vx continua disminuyendo, ahora a cierta distancia del voltaje de referencia Vref, en tanto que el voltaje Va cambia a lógico 1. Estado 3:Vx continues to decrease, now at a certain distance from the reference voltage Vref, while the voltage Va changes to logical 1. State 3:
A medida que Vx se aproxima a OV, el voltaje Vb cambia de lógico 0 a lógico 1, entonces el voltaje Vlógico produce un pulso y el elemento de memoria (Ul) conmuta de estado por lo que, en este momento, se invierte el estado del voltaje Vsw, pasando de Vsw alto a Vsw bajo, y el transistor (M3) cambia a estado abierto. Estado 4:As Vx approaches OV, the voltage Vb changes from logic 0 to logic 1, then the logic voltage produces a pulse and the memory element (Ul) switches state so that, at this time, the state is reversed of the voltage Vsw, going from high Vsw to low Vsw, and the transistor (M3) changes to open state. State 4:
El voltaje Vx se incrementa a una razón influenciada por la resistencia interna de las celdas solares, el valor del inductor Ll y el tamaño del capacitor C. En este instante, el voltaje Vsw es bajo y el transistor M3 está abierto. Estado 5:The voltage Vx is increased at a rate influenced by the internal resistance of the solar cells, the value of the inductor Ll and the size of the capacitor C. At this moment, the voltage Vsw is low and the transistor M3 is open. State 5:
El voltaje Vx continúa incrementándose, ahora a una distancia de los OV, en tanto que el voltaje Vb cambia a lógico 0. Estado 6:The voltage Vx continues to increase, now at a distance from the OVs, while the voltage Vb changes to logical 0. State 6:
Bl voltaje Vx se aproxima al voltaje de referencia Vref, cambiando el voltaje Va de lógico 1 a lógico 0, el voltaje Vlógico genera un pulso y el elemento de memoria (Ul) conmuta de estado. En este momento, se invierte el estado del voltaje Vsw, pasando de Vsw bajo a Vsw alto, y el transistor (M3) cambia a estado cerrado.Bl voltage Vx approaches the reference voltage Vref, changing the voltage Va from logic 1 to logic 0, the logic voltage generates a pulse and the memory element (Ul) switches status. At this time, it invert the voltage state Vsw, going from low Vsw to high Vsw, and the transistor (M3) changes to closed state.
La repetición del ciclo anterior hace que se vaya incrementando gradualmente la cantidad de energía acumulada en el medio de almacenamiento C provisto en el circuito para ese propósito.The repetition of the previous cycle causes the amount of energy accumulated in the storage medium C provided in the circuit to be gradually increased for that purpose.
En la figura 7 se muestra una representación parcial de una prueba de simulación del funcionamiento del circuito ilustrado en la figura 5, en el que se observa cómo se va incrementando el voltaje en el capacitor de almacenamiento (Vo) e igualmente se aprecia la oscilación en el voltaje Vx la cual está relacionada con la carga y descarga del inductor (Ll). Además, en dicho diagrama Vsw representa el voltaje en la salida del elemento de memoria (Ul), el cual controla la conmutación del transistor M3.Figure 7 shows a partial representation of a simulation test of the operation of the circuit illustrated in Figure 5, which shows how the voltage increases in the storage capacitor (Vo) and the oscillation is also appreciated in the voltage Vx which is related to the charge and discharge of the inductor (Ll). Furthermore, in said diagram Vsw represents the voltage at the output of the memory element (Ul), which controls the switching of transistor M3.
Con referencia a la figura 8, ésta corresponde al circuito de un sistema alternativo a aquél de la figura 5, el cual se caracteriza porque se ha incorporado un circuito (M4, Z3, C3, XOR) para restaurar o poner en funcionamiento nuevamente al convertidor en caso de que se presente una falla, por ejemplo, por ruido o interferencia electromagnética. Para ese propósito, el circuito restaurador incluye un contador (Z3, C3), analógico, que está siendo reseteado periódicamente por el transistor (M4) que a su vez es activado por la oscilación del elemento de memoria (Ul) cuando el dispositivo está trabajando correctamente; cuando se presenta una falla dicho contador supera cierto umbral y produce una inversión en la salida de la compuerta XOR que a su vez invierte el estado del elemento de conmutación (M3), reactivando el sistema y permitiendo que el convertidor vuelva a funcionar normalmente. La impedancia Z3 es el medio que controla la velocidad de carga del capacitor C3.With reference to figure 8, this corresponds to the circuit of an alternative system to that of figure 5, which is characterized in that a circuit (M4, Z3, C3, XOR) has been incorporated to restore or put the converter back into operation. in the event of a failure, for example, by noise or electromagnetic interference. For that purpose, the restorative circuit includes an analog counter (Z3, C3), which is being periodically reset by the transistor (M4) which in turn is activated by the oscillation of the memory element (Ul) when the device is working correctly; when a fault occurs, this counter exceeds a certain threshold and produces an inversion in the output of the XOR gate which in turn reverses the state of the switching element (M3), reactivating the system and allowing the converter to function normally again. The impedance Z3 is the medium that controls the charging speed of the capacitor C3.
En esta implementación alterna, representada a título de ejemplo en la figura 8, el circuito restaurador comprende al capacitor (C3) que durante el funcionamiento normal del sistema se carga y descarga cíclicamente de forma parcial de modo que cuando se presenta la talla se deja αe estar descargando a dicho capacitor, por lo que el voltaje en éste sobrepasa un umbral que a su vez invierte la salida de la compuerta XOR3 lo cual reactiva el sistema y hace que continúe funcionando como se ha descrito aquí con antelación.In this alternate implementation, represented by way of example in Figure 8, the restorative circuit comprises the capacitor (C3) that during the normal operation of the system is cyclically charged and unloaded from partially so that when the size is presented left αe be downloading to said capacitor, so the voltage on it exceeds a threshold which in turn inverts the output of the XOR 3 gate which reactivates the system and makes continue functioning as described here in advance.
Como se observa en la ejemplificación mostrada en la figura 8, el colector del transistor M4, que en el caso ilustrado consiste en un transistor Mosfet tipo PNP5 está puesto a tierra y su emisor está conectado a un voltaje de referencia a través de la impedancia Z3, así como a una terminal del capacitor C3 y una entrada de la compuerta XOR. La segunda terminal del capacitor C3 se encuentra conectada a tierra y la base del transistor M4 está conectada a la salida no negada del elemento de memoria (Ul).As seen in the exemplification shown in Figure 8, the collector of transistor M4, which in the illustrated case consists of a Mosfet transistor type PNP 5 is grounded and its emitter is connected to a reference voltage through the impedance Z3, as well as to a C3 capacitor terminal and an XOR gate input. The second terminal of capacitor C3 is grounded and the base of transistor M4 is connected to the non-denied output of the memory element (Ul).
Con referencia al diagrama de la figura 10, que corresponde a la simulación del funcionamiento del convertidor bajo condiciones no ideales, en específico, se simula una falla en el circuito dentro de un rango de tiempo preseleccionado y en él se observa que el circuito restaurador hace un primer intento de reinicializar la operación del convertidor sin conseguirlo, ya que la falla/interferencia aún estaba presente, y en una segunda oportunidad dicho circuito consigue restaurar exitosamente la operación del circuito. También se puede observar en este diagrama que durante el periodo de la falla se interrumpe la carga del capacitor, lo cual se puede observar en el voltaje Vo que deja de aumentar. De igual manera, se puede observar que durante el periodo de la falla se interrumpe la oscilación de Vx y Vsw. Otro aspecto de la presente invención es proponer un método para transferir energía a un medio de almacenamiento de carga eléctrica en un circuito auto-oscilatorio, que puede ir incrementando gradualmente su capacidad de almacenamiento de energía. El método comprende las etapas de: a) alimentar energía de una fuente autónoma autocontenida en una entrada del circuito auto-oscilatorio; b) durante un primer intervalo, almacenar energía en un inductor y monitorear el progreso de carga de dicho inductor y, cuando se alcance un nivel predeterminado del proceso de carga en el inductor, generar una señal que cambie el estado de un elemento de memoria y ocasione que el inductor deje de cargarse; c) durante un segundo intervalo, el inductor transfiere la energía a un dispositivo de' almacenamiento de voltaje variable, y se monitorea el progreso de transferencia de energía del inductor al dispositivo de almacenamiento, y cuando se alcance un avance predeterminado en el proceso de transferencia de energía, cambia el estado de dicho elemento de memoria y se regresa al primer intervalo. El diagrama de la figura 12 refiere a la operación del circuito restaurador en la que a partir de la inicialización del sistema se va a estar incrementando una variable o contador (analógico o digital) y periódicamente se va a estar reseteando dicha variable siempre que el circuito esté funcionamiento correctamente. De forma que al producirse una falla esto ocasionará que el valor de la variable sobrepase de un umbral determinado lo que invertirá el voltaje Vsw, como se describe antes, de manera que se reactivará el funcionamiento del sistema.With reference to the diagram of Figure 10, which corresponds to the simulation of the operation of the converter under non-ideal conditions, specifically, a circuit fault is simulated within a pre-selected time range and it is observed that the restorative circuit makes a first attempt to reinitialize the operation of the converter without achieving it, since the fault / interference was still present, and on a second occasion said circuit manages to successfully restore the operation of the circuit. It can also be seen in this diagram that during the fault period the capacitor load is interrupted, which can be observed in the Vo voltage that stops increasing. Similarly, it can be seen that during the fault period the oscillation of Vx and Vsw is interrupted. Another aspect of the present invention is to propose a method for transferring energy to an electric charge storage medium in a self-oscillating circuit, which can gradually increase its energy storage capacity. The method comprises the steps of: a) supply energy from a self-contained autonomous source at an auto-oscillatory circuit input; b) during a first interval, store energy in an inductor and monitor the loading progress of said inductor and, when a predetermined level of the inductor charging process is reached, generate a signal that changes the state of a memory element and cause the inductor to stop charging; c) during a second interval, the inductor transfers the energy to a variable voltage storage device, and the progress of energy transfer from the inductor to the storage device is monitored, and when a predetermined advance in the transfer process is achieved of energy, changes the state of said memory element and returns to the first interval. The diagram in Figure 12 refers to the operation of the restorative circuit in which, from the initialization of the system, a variable or counter (analog or digital) will be increasing and periodically this variable will be reset whenever the circuit It is working properly. So when a fault occurs this will cause the value of the variable to exceed a certain threshold which will invert the voltage Vsw, as described above, so that the operation of the system will be reactivated.
El circuito restaurador del convertidor opera de la siguiente forma: a) durante un primer intervalo, se incrementa el valor del contador ' (M4, Z3, C3); b) durante un segundo intervalo, se verifica si el valor de dicho contador ha excedido un valor predeterminado, en donde: bl) si se ha excedido éste, se invierte el estado de un elemento de conmutación mediante lo cual se restaura la operación del circuito auto-oscilatorio y se reinicializa el contador; y b2) si dicho valor no ha excedido del valor predeterminado, se verifica si el elemento de memoria está oscilando: i) si el elemento de memoria está oscilando, se reinicializa el contador y regresa al primer intervalo, ii) si el elemento de memoria no está oscilando, se regresa al primer intervalo donde se incrementa el contador.The converter reset circuit operates as follows: a) during a first interval, the counter value '(M4, Z3, C3) is increased; b) during a second interval, it is verified if the value of said counter has exceeded a predetermined value, where: bl) if this has been exceeded, the state of a switching element is reversed whereby the operation of the auto-oscillating circuit is restored and the counter is reset; and b2) if said value has not exceeded the predetermined value, it is verified if the memory element is oscillating: i) if the memory element is oscillating, the counter is reset and returns to the first interval, ii) if the memory element it is not oscillating, it returns to the first interval where the counter is increased.
Por su parte, en la figura 13, que corresponde a la simulación del funcionamiento del convertidor bajo condiciones no ideales; en específico, se simula una falla en el circuito dentro de un rango de tiempo preseleccionado, y se muestra el voltaje que se utiliza como el contador analógico del circuito restaurador (Vreinicio), cuando se presenta la falla se ve como dicho voltaje comienza a incrementarse notablemente. Cuando dicho voltaje excede de un valor o umbral predeterminado, el circuito restaurador invierte el voltaje Vsw que a su vez invierte el elemento de conmutación (M3) para intentar reinicializar el circuito, lo cual se logra exitosamente hasta el segundo intento (ya que durante el primer intento la falla inducida todavía se encontraba presente) conforme a lo descrito en el párrafo anterior. También, se resetea el valor del contador analógico (Vreinicio) cuando el mismo excede de dicho umbral.For its part, in Figure 13, which corresponds to the simulation of the operation of the converter under non-ideal conditions; specifically, a fault in the circuit is simulated within a preselected time range, and the voltage that is used as the analog counter of the restorative circuit (Vreinicio) is shown, when the fault occurs it is seen as said voltage begins to increase notably. When said voltage exceeds a predetermined value or threshold, the restorative circuit reverses the voltage Vsw which in turn reverses the switching element (M3) to try to reset the circuit, which is successfully achieved until the second attempt (since during the first attempt the induced fault was still present) as described in the previous paragraph. Also, the value of the analog counter (Vreinicio) is reset when it exceeds said threshold.
Para la presente invención, como elemento de memoria se ha propuesto un flip flop tipo D de alto desempeño y bajo consumo de potencia. Sin embargo, para un experto en la materia se entenderá que dicho elemento puede ser sustituido por algún otro que realice la misma función. Asimismo, se tiene previsto que se pueden agregar al circuito algunos otros componentes como filtros analógicos y elementos de blindaje o desacoplo, para mitigar los efectos del ruido eléctrico o interferencia electromagnética.For the present invention, a high performance, low power consumption type D flip flop has been proposed as a memory element. However, for a person skilled in the art it will be understood that said element can be replaced by someone else who performs the same function. It is also planned that some other components such as analog filters and shielding elements can be added to the circuit or decoupling, to mitigate the effects of electrical noise or electromagnetic interference.
Aunque esta invención ha sido descrita en el contexto de la modalidad o forma de realización preferida, para los especialistas en la materia será evidente que el alcance del concepto ejemplificado se extiende más allá del diseño específicamente descrito e ilustrado a otras posibles modalidades alternas de materialización de la invención que sean factibles o viables. Además, aunque la invención se ha descrito en detalle, cualquier experto en el campo al que pertenece la invención podrá deducir que algunos elementos constitutivos del convertidor pueden ser sustituidos o bien otros distintos incorporados a la luz de la descripción que antecede sin que ello modifique en esencia el resultado para el que ha sido concebido.Although this invention has been described in the context of the preferred embodiment or embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the exemplified concept extends beyond the design specifically described and illustrated to other possible alternative modalities of materialization of the invention that are feasible or viable. In addition, although the invention has been described in detail, any expert in the field to which the invention belongs may deduce that some of the constituent elements of the converter may be substituted or other different elements incorporated in the light of the foregoing description without modifying it in essence the result for which it has been conceived.
Habida cuenta de lo anterior, se entenderá que varios elementos del dispositivo pueden combinarse con otros o sustituirse por otros para conformar modos alternos de realización que conduzcan al mismo resultado. Por consiguiente, se pretende que el alcance de la presente invención no se interprete como limitado por la modalidad particularmente descrita, sino que quede determinado por una interpretación razonable del contenido de las siguientes reivindicaciones. In view of the foregoing, it will be understood that several elements of the device may be combined with others or replaced by others to form alternate embodiments that lead to the same result. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of the present invention not be construed as limited by the particularly described embodiment, but rather be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the content of the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIOMES
1. IJn convertidor boost auto-oscilatorio del tipo que puede usarse para operar dispositivos de bajo consumo de energía, y que permite prescindir del uso de baterías recargables, dicho convertidor se caracteriza por un circuito que hace uso de retroalimentación para generar la oscilación, además dicho circuito se caracteriza porque maneja una relación de voltaje no fija, la cual varía en incremento de manera que puede gradualmente aumentar su capacidad de almacenamiento; el circuito comprende: a) una fuente de energía autónoma o autocontenida; b) un convertidor de voltaje tipo boost que es alimentado por la fuente de energía para incrementar el voltaje de dicha fuente de energía; c) un dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía que puede almacenar energía a diferentes voltajes y que está conectado a la salida del convertidor; y d) un circuito lógico de retroalimentación que está conectado al nodo de entrada del convertidor boost y al elemento de conmutación de dicho convertidor, el cual sirve para generar la oscilación necesaria para dicho convertidor; además dicho circuito lógico permite una relación dinámica Qn la ganancia de voltaje que produce el convertidor boost; dicho circuito lógico incluye un elemento de memoria para permitir un funcionamiento con histéresis.1. IJn auto-oscillatory boost converter of the type that can be used to operate devices with low energy consumption, and that allows to dispense with the use of rechargeable batteries, said converter is characterized by a circuit that makes use of feedback to generate the oscillation, in addition said circuit is characterized in that it handles a non-fixed voltage ratio, which varies in increment so that it can gradually increase its storage capacity; The circuit comprises: a) an autonomous or self-contained energy source; b) a boost type voltage converter that is powered by the power source to increase the voltage of said power source; c) an energy storage device that can store energy at different voltages and that is connected to the output of the converter; and d) a logic feedback circuit that is connected to the input node of the boost converter and the switching element of said converter, which serves to generate the necessary oscillation for said converter; further said logic circuit allows a dynamic relation Qn the voltage gain produced by the boost converter; said logic circuit includes a memory element to allow operation with hysteresis.
2. El convertidor de la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque incluye además un circuito de restauración para reinicializar o restaurar dicho convertidor cuando se presente una falla; dicho circuito restaurador consta de un contador que se está reseteando periódicamente cuando el dispositivo está trabajando correctamente; cuando se presenta una falla dicho contador supera cierto umbral y produce una inversión en el estado del elemento de conmutación, reactivando el sistema y permitiendo que el convertidor vuelva a funcionar normalmente.2. The converter of claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a restoration circuit for resetting or restoring said converter when a fault occurs; said restorative circuit consists of a counter that is being reset periodically when the device is working correctly; when a fault occurs, this counter exceeds a certain threshold and produces an inversion in the state of the element of switching, reactivating the system and allowing the converter to function normally again.
3. El convertidor de la reivindicación 2, en el que el contador es analógico o digital. 3. The converter of claim 2, wherein the counter is analog or digital.
4. El convertidor de la reivindicación 1, que incluye además otros componentes como filtros analógicos y elementos de blindaje o desacoplo, para mitigar los efectos del ruido eléctrico o interferencia electromagnética. 4. The converter of claim 1, which further includes other components such as analog filters and shielding or decoupling elements, to mitigate the effects of electrical noise or electromagnetic interference.
5. Un convertidor boost auto-oscilatorio del tipo que puede usarse para operar dispositivos de bajo consumo de energía, y que permite prescindir del uso de baterías recargables, dicho convertidor se caracteriza por un circuito que hace uso de retroalimentación para generar la oscilación; además dicho circuito se caracteriza porque maneja una relación de voltaje no fija, la cual varía en incremento de manera que puede gradualmente aumentar su capacidad de almacenamiento; el circuito comprende: a) una fuente de energía autónoma o autocontenida; b) un convertidor de voltaje tipo boost que es alimentado por la fuente de energía para incrementar el voltaje de dicha fuente de energía; c) un dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía que puede almacenar energía a diferentes voltajes que está conectado a la salida del convertidor; d) un circuito lógico de retroalimentación que está conectado al nodo de entrada del convertidor boost y a su elemento de conmutación, el cual sirve para generar la oscilación necesaria para dicho convertidor; además dicho circuito lógico permite una relación dinámica en la ganancia de voltaje que produce el convertidor boost; dicho circuito lógico incluye un elemento de memoria para permitir un funcionamiento con histéresis; y e) un circuito de restauración para restaurar o reinicializar dicho convertidor cuando se presente una falla; dicho circuito restaurador consta de un contador que se está reseteando periódicamente cuando el dispositivo está trabajando correctamente; cuando se presenta una falla dicho contador supera cierto umbral y produce una inversión en el estado del elemento de conmutación, reactivando el sistema y permitiendo que el convertidor vuelva a funcionar normalmente.5. A self-oscillating boost converter of the type that can be used to operate devices with low energy consumption, and that allows to dispense with the use of rechargeable batteries, said converter is characterized by a circuit that makes use of feedback to generate the oscillation; furthermore said circuit is characterized in that it handles a non-fixed voltage ratio, which varies in increment so that it can gradually increase its storage capacity; The circuit comprises: a) an autonomous or self-contained energy source; b) a boost type voltage converter that is powered by the power source to increase the voltage of said power source; c) an energy storage device that can store energy at different voltages that is connected to the output of the converter; d) a logic feedback circuit that is connected to the input node of the boost converter and its switching element, which serves to generate the necessary oscillation for said converter; in addition said logic circuit allows a dynamic relationship in the voltage gain produced by the boost converter; said logic circuit includes a memory element to allow operation with hysteresis; Y e) a restoration circuit to restore or reset said converter when a fault occurs; said restorative circuit consists of a counter that is being reset periodically when the device is working correctly; when a fault occurs, this counter exceeds a certain threshold and produces an inversion in the state of the switching element, reactivating the system and allowing the converter to function normally again.
6. El convertidor de la reivindicación 5, en donde el contador es analógico o digital.6. The converter of claim 5, wherein the counter is analog or digital.
7. El convertidor de la reivindicación 5, que incluye además otros componentes como filtros analógicos y elementos de blindaje o desacoplo, para mitigar los efectos del ruido eléctrico o interferencia electromagnética.7. The converter of claim 5, further including other components such as analog filters and shielding or decoupling elements, to mitigate the effects of electrical noise or electromagnetic interference.
8. Un método para transferir energía a un medio de almacenamiento de carga eléctrica en un circuito auto-oscilatorio, que puede ir incrementando gradualmente su capacidad de almacenamiento de energía, dicho método consiste de las etapas de: a) alimentar energía de una fuente autónoma autocontenida en una entrada del circuito auto-oscilatorio; b) durante un primer intervalo, almacenar energía en un inductor y monitorear el progreso de carga de dicho inductor y, cuando se alcance un nivel predeterminado del proceso de carga en el inductor, generar una señal que cambie el estado de un elemento de memoria y ocasione que el inductor deje de cargarse; c) durante un segundo intervalo, el inductor transfiere la energía a un dispositivo de almacenamiento de voltaje variable, y se monitorea el progreso de transferencia de energía del inductor al dispositivo de almacenamiento, y cuando se alcance un avance predeterminado en el proceso de transferencia de energía, cambia el estado de dicho elemento de memoria y se regresa al primer intervalo.8. A method for transferring energy to an electric charge storage medium in a self-oscillating circuit, which can gradually increase its energy storage capacity, said method consists of the steps of: a) feeding energy from an autonomous source self contained in an auto-oscillatory circuit input; b) during a first interval, store energy in an inductor and monitor the loading progress of said inductor and, when a predetermined level of the inductor charging process is reached, generate a signal that changes the state of a memory element and cause the inductor to stop charging; c) during a second interval, the inductor transfers the energy to a variable voltage storage device, and the progress of energy transfer from the inductor to the storage device is monitored, and when a predetermined advance is achieved in the process of transferring energy, change the state of said memory element and the first interval is returned.
9. El método de la reivindicación 8, en donde el voltaje en el dispositivo de almacenamiento va incrementándose a fin de ir almacenando una mayor cantidad de energía en dicho dispositivo.9. The method of claim 8, wherein the voltage in the storage device is increased in order to store a greater amount of energy in said device.
10. El método de la reivindicación 8, que incluye verificar el funcionamiento correcto del circuito auto-oscilatorio y en caso de que se presente una falla restaurarlo o reinicializarlo.10. The method of claim 8, which includes verifying the proper functioning of the auto-oscillatory circuit and in the event of a failure, restore or reset it.
11. El método de la reivindicación 8, en el que el circuito restaurador opera de la siguiente forma: a) durante un primer intervalo, se incrementa el valor de un contador; b) durante un segundo intervalo, se verifica si el valor de dicho contador ha excedido un valor predeterminado, en donde: bl) si se ha excedido éste, se invierte el estado de un elemento de conmutación mediante lo cual se restaura la operación del circuito auto-oscilatorio y se reinicializa el contador; y b2) si dicho valor no ha excedido del valor predeterminado, se verifica si el elemento de memoria está oscilando: i) si el elemento de memoria está oscilando, se reinicializa el contador y regresa al primer intervalo, ii) si el elemento de memoria no está oscilando, se regresa al primer intervalo donde se incrementa el contador. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the restorative circuit operates in the following manner: a) during a first interval, the value of a counter is increased; b) during a second interval, it is verified if the value of said counter has exceeded a predetermined value, where: bl) if this counter has been exceeded, the state of a switching element is reversed whereby the operation of the circuit is restored auto-oscillating and the counter is reset; and b2) if said value has not exceeded the predetermined value, it is verified if the memory element is oscillating: i) if the memory element is oscillating, the counter is reset and returns to the first interval, ii) if the memory element it is not oscillating, it returns to the first interval where the counter is increased.
12. El método de la reivindicación 8, en que el ciclo de trabajo se va auto- ajustando para ir generando el voltaje necesario para ir almacenando cantidades cada vez mayores de energía en el medio de almacenamiento. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the duty cycle is self-adjusting to generate the voltage necessary to store increasing amounts of energy in the storage medium.
PCT/MX2008/000094 2008-07-21 2008-07-21 Self-oscillating boost converter for solar applications WO2010011118A1 (en)

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WO1997049022A1 (en) * 1996-06-21 1997-12-24 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Active power minimizer/maximizer for switching power converters and switching motor drive applications
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EP1544694A1 (en) * 2002-09-24 2005-06-22 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Electronic clock, elctronic apparatus and starting method

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WO1997049022A1 (en) * 1996-06-21 1997-12-24 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Active power minimizer/maximizer for switching power converters and switching motor drive applications
JP2000125578A (en) * 1998-07-02 2000-04-28 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Electrothermic type system
EP1544694A1 (en) * 2002-09-24 2005-06-22 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Electronic clock, elctronic apparatus and starting method

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