WO2010007576A1 - Lampe aux halogénures métalliques - Google Patents

Lampe aux halogénures métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010007576A1
WO2010007576A1 PCT/IB2009/053033 IB2009053033W WO2010007576A1 WO 2010007576 A1 WO2010007576 A1 WO 2010007576A1 IB 2009053033 W IB2009053033 W IB 2009053033W WO 2010007576 A1 WO2010007576 A1 WO 2010007576A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iodide
mol
metal halide
salt filling
halide lamp
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2009/053033
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Theodorus G. M. M. Kappen
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2010007576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010007576A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal halide lamp comprising a ceramic discharge vessel, which discharge vessel encloses a discharge volume, comprises two electrodes and contains a salt filling.
  • Metal halide lamps are known in the art and are described, for example, in EP0215524, WO2006/046175, and WO05088675. Such lamps operate under high pressure and comprise ionizable gas fillings of, for example, NaI (sodium iodide), TlI (thallium iodide), CaI 2 (calcium iodide), and/or REI n .
  • REI n refers to rare earth iodides. Characteristic rare earth iodides for metal halide lamps are CeI 3 , PrI 3 , NdI 3 , DyI 3 , and LuI 3 .
  • An important class of metal halide lamps are ceramic discharge metal halide lamps (CDM-lamps), which are described in the above-mentioned documents.
  • EP0215524 discloses a high-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp having a discharge vessel of gas-tight radiation-transmitting ceramic material, provided with a filling comprising a rare gas, mercury, sodium halide and thallium halide.
  • the wall load has a value of at least 25 W/cm 2 .
  • the ratio between the effective internal diameter of the discharge vessel and the spacing between two electrodes is in a specific range.
  • WO2006/046175 discloses a metal halide lamp comprising a discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space containing an ionizable gas filling comprising Hg in a quantity of mass and at least a metal halide, wherein in said discharge space two electrodes are arranged whose tips have a mutual interspacing so as to define a discharge path between them, the discharge space having a length, measured along the discharge path, and a largest diameter square thereto, wherein the ratio of the discharge space and the largest diameter is in a specific range.
  • WO05088675 discloses a metal halide lamp comprising a discharge vessel surrounded by an outer envelope with clearance and having a ceramic wall which encloses a discharge space filled with a filling comprising an inert gas, such as xenon (Xe), and an ionizable salt, wherein in said discharge space two electrodes are arranged whose tips have a mutual interspacing so as to define a discharge path between them, with the special feature that said ionizable salt comprises NaI, TlI, CaI 2 and X-iodide wherein X is selected from the group comprising rare earth metals.
  • X is one or more elements selected from the group comprising Ce, Pr, Nd.
  • metal halide lamp preferably with improved (photometric) properties with respect to state of the art metal halide lamps, such as for instance described above. It is especially desired to provide a metal halide lamp that has a substantially stable colour point during operation, especially during nominal operation.
  • the invention provides a metal halide lamp (a Ceramic Discharge Metal halide (CDM) lamp) comprising a ceramic discharge vessel, which discharge vessel encloses a discharge volume, comprises two electrodes (enclosed by the discharge vessel), and contains a salt filling, the salt filling comprising sodium iodide, thallium iodide, calcium iodide, cerium iodide, and a colour point stabilizing additive selected from the group consisting of caesium iodide, rubidium iodide, potassium iodide, barium iodide, strontium iodide, neodymium iodide, ytterbium iodide and lanthanum iodide, especially barium iodide, wherein the salt filling comprises not more than about 45 mol% sodium iodide and not more than about 8 mol % cerium iodide, based on
  • Such lamps according to the invention are found to be a good alternative to existing high-pressure discharge lamps.
  • such lamps surprisingly have a relatively stable colour point at nominal operation, such as a shift or modulation of the colour point at nominal operation within about 10 SDCM (standard deviation of colour matching), especially within about 5 SDCM.
  • Such lamps further also have photometric properties that are substantially independent of their spatial orientation and/or ambient temperature.
  • All molar percentages (mol%) herein relate to the total amount of moles salt filling.
  • the salt filling only includes iodides as halides.
  • the total amount of moles salt filling herein does not include mercury (Hg), and, in a specific embodiment, (thus) only relate to iodides. This does not exclude the presence of mercury, but mercury is not taken into account because it is the purpose here to indicate the relative molar amounts of the iodides mentioned herein.
  • the lamps according to the invention comprise at least sodium iodide, thallium iodide, calcium iodide, and cerium iodide, and are also indicated herein, and known in the art as, 'TSfTCC" lamps.
  • the salt filling provides an ionisable gas.
  • the salt filling is sometimes also indicated as “ionisable gas filling" or "ionisable salt filling”.
  • the salt filling comprises sodium iodide in an amount of about 5-45 mol%, even more preferably in an amount of about 15-45 mol%, still more preferably in an amount of about 15-30 mol%.
  • the salt filling comprises thallium iodide in an amount of about 1-10 mol%, even more preferably in an amount of about 1.5-5 mol%.
  • the salt filling comprises calcium iodide in an amount of about 10-93.5 mol%, even more preferably in an amount of about 20- 75 mol%, still more preferably in an amount of about 40-75 mol%.
  • the salt filling comprises cerium iodide in an amount of about 0.2-8 mol%, preferably 0.5-8 mol%, still more preferably in an amount of about 1-6 mol%.
  • the salt filling comprises the colour point stabilizing additive, especially barium iodide, in an amount of about 0.3-3.5 mol%, more preferably in an amount of about 0.6-1.8 mol%.
  • Metal halide lamps containing such fillings may show better photometric optics, especially in terms of stability of the colour point, than state of the art metal halide lamps and/or lamps not fulfilling the above criteria, and especially in comparison to metal halide lamps not comprising barium iodide (in the indicated range).
  • colour point stabilizing additive used herein may also refer to a combination of colour point stabilizing additives, such as mentioned herein.
  • the metal halide lamp according to an embodiment of the invention contains a salt filling comprising sodium iodide in an amount of about 15-45 mol% (more preferably in an amount of about 15-30 mol%), thallium iodide in an amount of about 1.5-5 mol%, calcium iodide in an amount of about 20-75 mol% (more preferably in an amount of about 40-75 mol%), cerium iodide in an amount of about 1-6 mol%, and a colour point stabilizing additive, preferably barium iodide, in an amount of about 0.6-1.8 mo 1%.
  • a salt filling comprising sodium iodide in an amount of about 15-45 mol% (more preferably in an amount of about 15-30 mol%), thallium iodide in an amount of about 1.5-5 mol%, calcium iodide in an amount of about 20-75 mol% (more preferably in an amount of about 40-75 mol%), cerium i
  • the invention provides a metal halide lamp having a colour point (correlated colour temperature, T c ) in the range of about 2500-4500 K.
  • a metal halide lamp having a colour point (correlated colour temperature, T c ) in the range of about 2500-4500 K.
  • the colour point stabilizing additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of caesium iodide, rubidium iodide, potassium iodide, barium iodide, strontium iodide, neodymium iodide, ytterbium iodide and lanthanum iodide.
  • colour point stabilizing additives selected from the group consisting of barium iodide, strontium iodide and ytterbium iodide.
  • the colour point stabilizing additive comprises barium iodide.
  • the colour stabilizing additive comprises strontium iodide.
  • the colour stabilizing additive comprises barium iodide.
  • the invention also provides the use of an additive selected from the group consisting of caesium iodide, rubidium iodide, potassium iodide, barium iodide, strontium iodide, neodymium iodide, ytterbium iodide and lanthanum iodide, in NTCC lamps to stabilize the colour point during use of the lamp, especially during nominal use.
  • an additive selected from the group consisting of caesium iodide, rubidium iodide, potassium iodide, barium iodide, strontium iodide, neodymium iodide, ytterbium iodide and lanthanum iodide, in NTCC lamps to stabilize the colour point during use of the lamp, especially during nominal use.
  • the salt filling further comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cs, Rb, K, Sr, Nd, Yb and La, especially Sr (i.e. comprises one or more iodides or one or more elements, respectively).
  • the salt filling further comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Sc, Y, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Lu, In, Sn and Zn.
  • ionizable salt filling further comprises one or more elements which especially indicates that iodides of such elements are comprised by the salt filling.
  • Fig. 1 schematically depicts an embodiment of a lamp according to the invention in a side elevation
  • Fig. 2 schematically depicts an embodiment of the discharge vessel of the lamp of Fig. 1 in more detail
  • Fig. 3 schematically depicts an embodiment having an alternatively shaped discharge vessel
  • Fig. 4 shows the correlated colour temperature (CCT) behaviour as a function of time (t) in hours of a plurality of lamps;
  • Fig. 5 shows the correlated colour temperature (CCT) behaviour as a function of time (t) in hours of a lamp.
  • the lamp of the invention comprises a ceramic discharge vessel.
  • the walls of the ceramic discharge vessel preferably comprise a translucent crystalline metal oxide, like monocrystalline sapphire and densely sintered polycrystalline alumina (also known as PCA), YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) and YOX (yttrium aluminium oxide), or translucent metal nitrides like AlN.
  • the vessel wall may consist of one or more (sintered) parts, as known in the art (see also below).
  • Lamp 1 may be a high-intensity discharge lamp.
  • discharge vessels In Figs. 1-3, discharge vessels
  • the current lead-through conductors 20, 21 are sealed with two respective seals 10 (sealing frits, as known in the art). However, the invention is not limited to such embodiments. Lamps wherein one or both of the current lead-through conductors 20, 21 are, for example, directly sintered into the discharge vessel 3 may also be considered. Herein, specific embodiments are described in more detail, wherein both current lead-through conductors 20, 21 are sealed into discharge vessel 3 by means of seals 10 (see also Figs. 1-3). Two electrodes 4, 5, for example tungsten electrodes, with tips 4b, 5b at a mutual distance EA are arranged in the discharge space 11 so as to define a discharge path between them.
  • the cylindrical discharge vessel 3 has an internal diameter D at least over the distance EA.
  • Each electrode 4, 5 extends inside the discharge vessel 3 over a length forming a tip to bottom distance between the vessel wall 31 (i.e. reference signs 33a, 33b (see also below), respectively) and the electrode tip 4b, 5b.
  • the discharge vessel 3 may be closed at either side by means of end wall portions 32a, 32b forming end faces 33a, 33b of the discharge space.
  • the end wall portions 32a, 32b may each have an opening in which a respective ceramic projecting plug 34, 35 is fitted in a gastight manner in the end wall portion 32a, 32b by means of a sintered joint S.
  • the discharge vessel 3 is closed by means of these ceramic projecting plugs 34, 35, each of which encloses, with a narrow interspace, a current lead-through conductor 20, 21 (in general including respective components 40, 41; 50,51, which are explained in more detail below) to the electrode 4, 5 positioned in the discharge vessel 3 and is connected to this conductor in a gastight manner by means of a melting- ceramic joint 10 (further indicated as seal 10) at an end remote from the discharge space 11.
  • the ceramic discharge vessel wall 30 comprises vessel wall 31, ceramic projecting plugs 34, 35, and end wall portions 32a, 32b.
  • the discharge vessel 3 is surrounded by an outer bulb 100 which is provided with a lamp cap 2 at one end.
  • a discharge will extend between the electrodes 4 and 5 when the lamp 1 is operating.
  • the electrode 4 is connected via a current conductor 8 to a first electrical contact forming part of the lamp cap 2.
  • the electrode 5 is connected via a current conductor 9 to a second electrical contact forming part of the lamp cap 2.
  • the ceramic projecting plugs 34, 35 each narrowly enclose a current lead- through conductor 20, 21 of a relevant electrode 4, 5 having electrode rods 4a, 5a which are provided with tips 4b, 5b, respectively.
  • Current lead-through conductors 20, 21 enter discharge vessel 3.
  • the current lead-through conductors 20, 21 may each comprise a halide-resistant portion 41, 51, for example in the form of a Mo-Al 2 O 3 cermet, and a portion 40, 50 which is attached to a respective end plug 34, 35 in a gas-tight manner by means of seals 10.
  • Seals 10 extend over some distance, for example approximately 1-5 mm, over the Mo cermets 41, 51 (during sealing, ceramic sealing material penetrates into the free space within the respective end plugs 34, 35). It is possible for the parts 41, 51 to be formed in an alternative manner instead of from a Mo-Al 2O3 cermet.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the lamp according to the invention. Lamp parts corresponding to those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 have been given the same reference numerals.
  • the discharge vessel 3 has a shaped wall 30 enclosing the discharge space 11.
  • the shaped wall 30 forms an ellipsoid in the case shown here.
  • the wall 30 is a single entity, in fact comprising wall 31, end plugs 34, 35, and end wall portions 32a, 32b (shown as separate parts in Fig. X).
  • a specific embodiment of such a discharge vessel 3 is described in more detail in WO06/046175.
  • other shapes, like for example spheroidal, are equally possible.
  • wall 30, which in the embodiment schematically depicted in Fig. 2 may include ceramic projecting plugs 34, 35, end wall portions 32a, 32b, and wall 31, or wall 30, as schematically depicted in Fig. 3, is a ceramic wall, which is to be understood to mean a wall of translucent crystalline metal oxide or translucent metal nitrides like AlN (see also above). According to the state of the art, these ceramics are well suited to form translucent discharge vessel walls of vessel 3. Such translucent ceramic discharge vessels 3 are known, see for example EP215524, EP587238, WO05/088675, and WO06/046175.
  • the discharge vessel 3 comprises translucent sintered AI2O3, i.e. wall 30 comprises translucent sintered AI 2 O 3 .
  • wall 30 may also comprise sapphire.
  • the filling in the lamp 1 of the invention may comprise NaI, TlI, CaI 2 , and CeI 3 and BaI 2 (herein also indicated as "NTCC-Ba"), but may also further comprise other salt filling components such as especially InI, Dyl3, H0I3, Tml3 and SnI 2 , for instance for obtaining a specific colour temperature and/or colour rendering index.
  • other salt filling components such as especially InI, Dyl3, H0I3, Tml3 and SnI 2 , for instance for obtaining a specific colour temperature and/or colour rendering index.
  • the salt filling may further comprise strontium iodide and/or ytterbium iodide.
  • the discharge space 11 contains Hg (mercury) and a starter gas such as Ar (argon) or Xe (xenon), as known in the art.
  • Hg compoundcury
  • a starter gas such as Ar (argon) or Xe (xenon)
  • Characteristic Hg amounts are between about 1 and 100 mg/cm 3 , especially in the range of about 5-20 mg/cm 3 ; characteristic pressures are in the range of about 2-50 bar.
  • the amount of mercury in the discharge vessel 3 is chosen to provide a mercury gas that, under nominal use, is without condensation of mercury, i.e. the mercury vapour is unsaturated.
  • Mercury and a starter gas are implied, as known to those skilled in the art, and are not further discussed.
  • the lamp of the invention may also be operated free of mercury, but Hg is present in the discharge vessel 3 in the preferred embodiments.
  • long-arc lamps in general have a pressure of a few bar, whereas short-arc lamps may have pressures in the discharge vessel of up to about 50 bar.
  • Characteristic powers of the lamp are between about 10 and 1000 W, preferably in the range of about 20-600 W.
  • Nominal operation in this description means operation at the maximum power and under conditions for which the lamp has been designed to be operated.
  • Preferred discharge vessel concentrations of the NTCC-Ba components are: at least about 6 mg/cm 3 NaI but preferably not more than about 35 mg/cm 3 , at least about 0.8 mg/cm 3 TlI but preferably not more than about 4.5 mg/cm 3 , at least about 7 mg/cm 3 CaI 2 but preferably not more than about 40 mg/cm 3 , at least about 0.5 mg/cm 3 CeI 3 but preferably not more than about 15 mg/cm 3 , and at least about 0.25 mg/cm BaI 2 but preferably not more than about 5 mg/cm .
  • the invention provides a metal halide lamp 1 comprising a ceramic discharge vessel 3, which discharge vessel 3 encloses a discharge volume 11, comprises two electrodes 4, 5, and contains an salt filling, the salt filling comprising sodium iodide, thallium iodide, calcium iodide, cerium iodide, and a colour point stabilizing additive, wherein the discharge vessel concentrations of the NTCC-Ba components are at least about 6 mg/cm NaI but preferably not more than about 35 mg/cm , at least about 0.8 mg/cm TlI but preferably not more than about 4.5 mg/cm , at least about 7 mg/cm 3 CaI 2 but preferably not more than about 40 mg/cm 3 , at least about 0.5 mg/cm 3 CeI 3 but preferably not more than about 15 mg/cm 3 , and at least about 0.25 mg/cm 3 colour point stabilizing additive (especially BaI 2 ) but preferably not more than about 5 mg/
  • one or more other iodides may in addition be present in the discharge vessel 3.
  • Example 1 Example of a lamp / discharge vessel according to the invention
  • a lamp 1 with a discharge vessel 3 having a volume of 0.18 cm3 was made.
  • the discharge vessel 3 contained the following filling: 1.1 mg NaI, 0.26 mg TlI, 6.63 mg CaI 2 , 0.44 mg CeI 3 , 0.08 mg BaI 2 (i.e. 23.3 mol% NaI, 2.4 mol% TU, 71 mol% CaI 2 , 2.7 mol% CeI 3 en 0.6 mol% BaI 2 ), 8 mg Hg, and 300 mbar Ar.
  • the lamp was operated at 220 V, 50 Hz, in a room temperature environment.
  • the colour point was 3,000 K; the efficacy 100 lm/W; and Ra 85.
  • the wall load was approximately. 30 W/cm 2 .
  • a test operation of the lamp 1 of this example is shown in Figure 4, curve 4.
  • Example 2 Example of a lamp / discharge vessel according to the invention
  • a lamp 1 with discharge vessel 3 having a volume of 0.2 cm 3 was made.
  • the discharge vessel 3 contained the following filling: 1.15 mg NaI, 0.31 mg TlI, 6.81 mg CaI 2 , 0.22 mg CeI 3 , 0.3 mg BaI 2 (i.e. 23.3 mol% NaI, 2.8 mol% TU, 70.3 mol% CaI 2 , 1.3 mol% CeI 3 en 2.3 mol% BaI 2 ), 10 mg Hg, and 300 mbar Ar.
  • the lamp was operated at 220 V, 50 Hz, in a room temperature environment.
  • the colour point was 3,800 K; the efficacy 100 lm/W; and Ra 90.
  • the wall load was approximately 30 W/cm 2 .
  • Example 3 comparative examples Similar lamps as described in example 1 were made, with the following fillings:
  • Example 4 comparative examples
  • lamps with the claimed salt fillings have a superior colour point stability, while lamps with other fillings and/or other molar filling quantities have less preferred colour point stability values.
  • Figure 4 shows that especially Yb and Ba provide desired colour point stability as a function of time.
  • the adverb substantially may also be removed.
  • the term “substantially” may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, even more especially 99.5% or higher, including 100%.
  • the term “comprise” includes also embodiments wherein the term “comprises” means "consists of. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
  • the use of the verb "to comprise” and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim.
  • the article “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. In the device claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une lampe aux halogénures métalliques qui comprend une enceinte de décharge en céramique. L'enceinte de décharge renferme un volume de décharge, comprend deux électrodes et contient un remplissage de sel. Le remplissage de sel comprend de l'iodure de sodium, de l'iodure de thallium, de l'iodure de calcium, de l'iodure de cérium et de l'iodure de baryum en tant qu'additifs de stabilisation de point de couleur. Le remplissage de sel ne comprend pas plus de 45 % molaire d'iodure de sodium et pas plus de 8 % molaire d'iodure de cérium, sur la base du pourcentage molaire total du remplissage de sel.
PCT/IB2009/053033 2008-07-17 2009-07-13 Lampe aux halogénures métalliques WO2010007576A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08160601.4 2008-07-17
EP08160601 2008-07-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010007576A1 true WO2010007576A1 (fr) 2010-01-21

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PCT/IB2009/053033 WO2010007576A1 (fr) 2008-07-17 2009-07-13 Lampe aux halogénures métalliques

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030102808A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-05 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp
US20050194908A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp with optimal shape
US20060164016A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Rintamaki Joshua I Ceramic metal halide lamp
EP1705688A2 (fr) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à halogénure métallique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030102808A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-05 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp
US20050194908A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp with optimal shape
US20060164016A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Rintamaki Joshua I Ceramic metal halide lamp
EP1705688A2 (fr) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à halogénure métallique

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