WO2010006464A1 - 一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺 - Google Patents

一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010006464A1
WO2010006464A1 PCT/CN2008/001320 CN2008001320W WO2010006464A1 WO 2010006464 A1 WO2010006464 A1 WO 2010006464A1 CN 2008001320 W CN2008001320 W CN 2008001320W WO 2010006464 A1 WO2010006464 A1 WO 2010006464A1
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Prior art keywords
carbon
carbon disulfide
fluidized bed
solid matter
riser
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PCT/CN2008/001320
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔庆然
卢春喜
王祝安
王捷
刘梦溪
康和平
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上海百金化工集团有限公司
中国石油大学(北京)
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Application filed by 上海百金化工集团有限公司, 中国石油大学(北京) filed Critical 上海百金化工集团有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2008/001320 priority Critical patent/WO2010006464A1/zh
Publication of WO2010006464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010006464A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/70Compounds containing carbon and sulfur, e.g. thiophosgene
    • C01B32/72Carbon disulfide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a compound containing carbon and sulfur, and more particularly to a process for preparing carbon disulfide in a circulating fluidized bed.
  • Carbon disulfide is an important chemical raw material widely used in the production sectors of man-made fibers, pesticides, rubber, metallurgical beneficiation and so on.
  • Equipment corrosion and environmental pollution are very serious, basically eliminated in the country, there are still some small devices in operation in foreign countries; the second is the traditional reaction ⁇ -type batch method production route, using sulfur and coke (formerly using charcoal) as raw materials, High consumption, high labor intensity, low production efficiency of single equipment, short equipment life and serious environmental pollution are also the production routes that will be eliminated.
  • the patent inventor Kong Qingran has developed and obtained five patents in 2002, including the catalytic activation method for the production of carbon disulfide (patent number: ZL03111890.9), the method for producing carbon disulfide (patent number. . ZL03111889.5), carbon disulfide reactor (patent number: ZL 03112067.9), carbon disulfide reactor (patent number: ZL03112138.1), semi-coke-sulfur method for producing carbon disulfide (patent number: ZL02147678.0), but the above
  • the process and equipment belong to the fixed fluidized bed process technology, which has certain limitations in actual production, such as low production capacity and production confirmation. A series of problems such as discontinuous process and relatively serious environmental pollution.
  • the invention provides a process for preparing carbon disulfide in a circulating fluidized bed in order to solve the problems of high energy consumption, high labor intensity, low production efficiency, discontinuous production process, equipment corrosion and serious environmental pollution in the existing carbon disulfide production process and equipment.
  • the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a process for preparing carbon disulfide in a circulating fluidized bed, conveying the carbon-containing solid matter to a fluidized bed heating furnace through a silo and a feeder, and burning a part after being fluidized by air combustion Carbon-containing solid matter, while releasing heat to heat the remaining carbon-containing solid matter; the heated carbon-containing solid material enters the pre-lifter through the hot carbon line, and flows upward along the riser under the action of the gas medium under the pre-lifter; sulfur is sprayed by the nozzle Sprayed into the riser, contacted with high temperature carbon-containing solid matter and reacted to form gaseous carbon disulfide; a quick-distribution device disposed at the upper end of the riser separates gaseous carbon disulfide from unreacted carbonaceous solid matter, and the separated entrained portion contains The gaseous carbon disulfide of the carbon solid material enters the settler, and then enters the cyclone separator to separate the entrained
  • the stripping process of the stripping section is to replace the carbon disulfide gas entrained between the semi-coke particles and the carbon disulfide gas adsorbed in the micropores of the semi-coke particles with an inert gas, so as to prevent the carbonaceous solid matter entraining a large amount of carbon disulfide gas into the heating furnace, Produces a large amount of so x while reducing product yield.
  • the temperature in the fluidized bed heating furnace is controlled at 700-1200 Torr, and the temperature in the riser is controlled at 500-900 °C.
  • the mass flow rate of the carbonaceous solid matter entering the riser from the hot carbon inclined tube is 5 to 15 times the mass flow rate of the sulfur feed.
  • a fluidized bed layer may be added in the middle of the riser tube, and the carbonaceous solid matter and sulfur in the riser tube are fully reacted through the fluidized bed to enter the settler.
  • the gas medium under the pre-lifter is mixed with inert gas or carbon disulfide gas riser
  • the apparent velocity of the combined gas is 4 to 20 m/s.
  • the role of the gaseous medium is to lift the carbonaceous solids from the hot carbon line to move up and form the desired plug flow to increase the efficiency of contact with the atomized liquid sulfur from the nozzle.
  • the apparent velocity refers to the flow velocity of the gas inside when there is no solid material in the riser. This velocity can reflect the residence time of the reactants in the riser to ensure complete reaction.
  • At least one section of the hot carbon pipeline and the cold charcoal pipeline are filled with carbon-containing solid matter to ensure sufficient flow driving force and material seal, so that carbon disulfide gas does not break into the fluidized bed heating furnace or the air does not break into Lift the tube.
  • the carbonaceous solid matter in the riser, the hot carbon line, the cold carbon line, and the fluidized bed heating furnace is granular, and has a particle diameter of 20 mm.
  • the apparent velocity of the inert gas in the stripping section is 0.1 to 0.5 m/s
  • the stripping process is an inert gas to adsorb carbon disulfide gas between the carbonaceous solid matter and the carbon disulfide gas adsorbed in the micropores of the carbonaceous solid matter particles.
  • Displacement, and the apparent velocity of the inert gas is mainly to ensure the stripping efficiency, to ensure that most of the carbon disulfide gas is displaced, rather than being brought into the fluidized bed furnace to burn.
  • the carbonaceous solid matter is one or more of semi-coke coke, coke breeze, anthracite, and bituminous coal.
  • the carbon-containing solids here play a triple role: one as a reactant; the second as a fuel to provide heat for the reaction; and the third as a heat carrier.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the pre-lifter and the riser are used to make the carbonaceous solid material fully contact with the liquid or gaseous sulfur in the riser and react, and at the same time, the fluidized bed in the middle of the riser makes the reaction proceed more thoroughly, greatly improving the reactants. Contact efficiency increases the yield of the product;
  • the sulfur of the present invention can be liquid, not only requires lower temperature, low energy consumption, but also requires simple equipment and small footprint. , reduce production costs;
  • the stripping section is set such that the two fluidized carbon gas entrained in the unreacted carbonaceous solid matter is Stripping off, effectively avoiding a large amount of carbon disulfide gas entering the furnace to burn, generating a large amount of so x , thereby reducing pollution, protecting the environment, and improving product yield;
  • the whole device has simple structure, low material saving, low cost and easy production, which is conducive to continuous and automatic production, and is conducive to environmental protection of the production process;
  • a wide range of applicable raw materials can be used not only for semi-coke coke and coke breeze, but also for carbonaceous solid materials such as cheaper anthracite or bituminous coal, which are beneficial to reduce raw material costs;
  • the invention greatly shortens the residence time of the reactants in the reactor and solves the problem of heat balance.
  • the production of carbon disulfide by the process of the present invention is technically and economically the best choice, and truly achieves the goals of energy saving, consumption reduction, cleaning, and environmental protection.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention
  • a process for preparing carbon disulfide in a circulating fluidized bed as shown in Fig. 1, the specific steps are as follows: (1) conveying the solid matter containing carbon through the silo 1 and the feeder 2 into the fluidized bed heating furnace 3, the fluidized bed The temperature in the heating furnace 3 is controlled at 700-1200 Torr, and a part of the carbon-containing solid matter is burned after being fluidized by air, and heat is released to heat the remaining carbon-containing solid matter; (2) the heated carbon-containing solid matter is passed through the hot carbon pipeline.
  • the temperature in the riser 6 is controlled at 500-900 ° C, preferably 700-850 ° C, the pre-lifter 5
  • the gas medium below is made of inert gas or carbon disulfide gas.
  • the apparent velocity of the mixed gas in the riser 6 is 4 ⁇ 20 m/s, preferably 3 ⁇ 4 6 ⁇ 10 m/s; (3) sulfur in liquid or gaseous state is from the nozzle 7 Spray lift In the tube, contact with high temperature carbonaceous solid matter and react to form gaseous carbon disulfide.
  • the carbonaceous solid matter and sulfur in the riser 6 are fully reacted through the fluidized bed 13 and then enter the settler 9; (4)
  • the quick-distribution device 8 disposed at the outlet of the upper end of the riser 6 separates the gaseous carbon disulfide from the unreacted carbonaceous solid matter, and the separated entrained portion of the gaseous carbon disulfide containing the carbon solid matter enters the settler 9, and then enters the cyclone 10 Separating the entrained carbonaceous solid matter, and discharging it from the pipeline at the top of the settler 9.
  • the quick-distribution device is a cyclone separator or a trilobal quick-dividing or swirling fast-dividing gas-solid separation device; (5) being fast-distributed device 8
  • the separated unreacted carbonaceous solid matter falls into the stripping section 11 below the settler 9, and the entrained carbon disulfide gas is stripped by the inert gas, and then enters the fluidized bed heating furnace 3 by the cold carbon line 12, and the steam is vaporized.
  • the apparent velocity of the inert gas in the extraction section 11 is 0.1 to 0.5 m/s.
  • the hot carbon line 4 and the cold carbon line 12 are filled with carbon-containing solid matter, which can be realized by a control valve on the hot carbon line and the cold carbon line; the riser 6, the 'hot carbon line 4, the cold carbon line 12 and the flow
  • the carbonaceous solid matter in the chemical bed heating furnace 3 is granular and has a particle diameter of 20 mm; the feeding form of the feeder can be continuously added or intermittently added, and is determined by the consumption of the carbonaceous solid matter in the combustion and the reaction.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Description

一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含碳和硫的化合物的生产方法, 具体为一种循环流化床制 备二硫化碳的工艺。
背景技术
二硫化碳是一种重要的化工原料,在人造纤维、 农药、 橡胶、 冶金选矿等 生产部门都有广泛应用。 目前干法生产二硫化碳的工艺路线主要有三条, 其一 是用古老的电炉法高温间歇式的生产路线, 以硫磺和木炭 (或焦炭) 为原料, 电能耗高、 劳动强度大、 生产效率低, 设备腐蚀和环境污染十分严重, 国内基 本被淘汰, 国外目前还有部分小装置在运行; 其二是传统的反应甑式间歇法的 生产路线, 以硫磺和焦炭(过去采用木炭) 为原料, 能耗高、 劳动强度大、 单 台设备生产效率低, 设备寿命短和环境污染严重, 也属于将被淘汰的生产路线, 但目前国内还有约 55%的生产能力采用该工艺; 其三是较为先进的以天然气为 原料的合成路线, 即 C¾+4S→CS2+2H2S,' 反应速度快, 反应完全, 实现了生 产过程的连续化, 使生产能力大大提高, 但是受到天然气资源不广泛及输送困 难的限制, 而且硫的单程转化率不足 50%, 所产生的大量有毒气体硫化氢, 必 须通过克劳斯系统回收硫, 且硫回收尾气的治理难度大, 投资高, 增加了生产 成本, 并且反应温度在 600'C以上, 对设备腐蚀亦较为严重。
目前在硫磺和焦炭生产工艺中,专利发明人孔庆然于 2002年已研发并获得 了五项专利, 包括催化活化法生产二硫化碳的方法(专利号: ZL03111890.9)、 生产二硫化碳的方法(专利号.. ZL03111889.5)、 二硫化碳反应炉(专利号: ZL 03112067.9)、二硫化碳反应炉(专利号: ZL03112138.1 )、半焦一硫磺法生产二 硫化碳的工艺方法(专利号: ZL02147678.0), 但上述工艺及设备均属于固定流 化床工艺技术, 在实际生产中存在一定的局限性, 比如生产能力较低、 生产过 确认本 程不连续以及环境污染相对比较严重等一系列问题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有二硫化碳生产工艺及设备存在能耗高、 劳动强度大、 生产效率低、 生产过程不连续以及设备腐蚀、 环境污染严重等问题, 提供一种 循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的:一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 将含炭固体物质经料仓、 加料器输送至流化床加热炉内, 经空气流化燃烧后烧 掉一部分含炭固体物质, 同时放出热量加热其余含炭固体物质; 被加热的含炭 固体物质经热炭管线进入预提升器, 在预提升器下方气体介质的作用下沿提升 管向上流动; 硫磺由喷嘴喷入提升管内, 与高温含炭固体物质接触并反应, 生 成气态二硫化碳; 设置在提升管上端出口的快分装置将气态二硫化碳与未反应 完的含炭固体物质进行分离, 分离出的夹带部分含炭固体物质的气态二硫化碳 进入沉降器, 然后进入旋风分离器分离掉夹带的含炭固体物质, 由沉降器顶部 的管线排出; 被快分装置分离下来的未反应完的含炭固体物质落入沉降器下方 的汽提段, 经惰性气体汽提掉夹带的二硫化碳气体后由冷炭管线进入流化床加 热炉内燃烧。 所述汽提段的汽提过程是用惰性气体将半焦颗粒间夹带的二硫化 碳气体和半焦颗粒微孔内吸附的二硫化碳气体置换出去, 避免含炭固体物质夹 带大量二硫化碳气体进入加热炉燃烧, 产生大量 sox, 同时降低产品收率。
所述流化床加热炉内的温度控制在 700-1200Ό , 提升管内的温度控制在 500-900°C。 为了促进反应完全, 由热炭斜管进入提升管的含炭固体物质的质量 流量为硫磺进料质量流量的 5〜15倍。
为了延长反应时间, 也可以在提升管中部加设流化床层, 提升管内的含炭 固体物质和硫磺经过流化床层充分反应后进入沉降器内。
所述预提升器下方的气体介质选用惰性气体或二硫化碳气体 提升管内混 合气体的表观速度为 4〜20 m/s。气体介质的作用是把热炭管线来的含炭固体物 质提升上去, 使之向上运动, 并形成理想的活塞流, 以提高与喷嘴来的雾化液 态硫磺的接触效率。 表观速度指的是提升管内没有任何固体物料时, 气体在里 面的流动速度, 该速度可反映反应物在提升管中的停留时间, 保证反应完全。 在二硫化碳制备过程中至少一段热炭管线和冷炭管线内充满含炭固体物 质, 以保证足够的流动推动力和料封, 使二硫化碳气体不会窜入流化床加热炉 或空气不会窜入提升管中。 '
所述提升管、 热碳管线、 冷碳管线及流化床加热炉内的含炭固体物质为颗 粒状, 其粒径 20mm。
所述汽提段内惰性气体的表观速度为 0.1〜0.5m/s, 汽提过程是用惰性气体 将含炭固体物质间夹带的二硫化碳气体和含炭固体物质颗粒微孔内吸附的二硫 化碳气体置换出去, 而惰性气体的表观速度主要是为了保证汽提效率, 保证绝 大部分二硫化碳气体被置换出去, 而不是被带入流化床加热炉烧掉。 在上述过程中, 所述的含炭固体物质是半焦焦粒、 焦粉、 无烟煤和烟煤中 的一种或几种。 此处含炭固体物质扮演了三重的角色: 一是作为反应物; 二是 作为燃料, 为反应提供热量; 三是作为热载体。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下优点:
1、采用预提升器及提升管使含碳固体物质与液态或气态硫磺在提升管内充 分接触并发生反应, 同时提升管中部的流化床层使得反应进行地更彻底, 大大 提高了反应物的接触效率, 增加了产品的收率;
2、相对于原有流化床工艺所要求的硫磺气化是必须步骤,本发明所述硫磺 可以为液态, 不仅所需温度较低, 能耗低, 而且所需设备简单, 占地较小, 减 少生产成本;
3、汽提段的设置使得未反应完全的含炭固体物质中夹带的二流化碳气体被 汽提掉, 有效避免大量二硫化碳气体进入加热炉燃烧, 产生大量 sox, 从而减少 污染, 保护了环境, 同时提高了产品收率;
4、 整个装置结构简单、 省材料、造价低、 易制作, 有利于实现连续化、 自 动化生产, 并有利于生产过程的环保处理;
5、适用的原料范围较广, 不仅可用半焦焦粒和焦粉, 还可用更廉价的无烟 煤或烟煤等含碳固体物质作原料, 有利于降低原料成本;
6、相对于原有流化床工艺反应物在反应器内停留时间过长、难以维持热平 衡, 本发明大大缩短了反应物在反应器内的停留时间, 解决了热平衡问题。
总之, 采用本发明所述工艺生产二硫化碳, 在技术上和经济上都是最佳的 选择, 真正实现了节能、 降耗、 清洁、 环保的目标。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的工艺流程图
图中: 1-料仓; 2-加料器; 3-流化床加热炉; 4-热炭管线; ' 5-预提升器; 6- 提升管; 7-喷嘴; 8-快分装置; 9-沉降器; 10-旋风分离器; 11-汽提段; 12-冷炭 管线; 13-流化床层。
具体实施方式
一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 如图 1所示, 具体步骤如下: ( 1 )将含炭固体物质经料仓 1、 加料器 2输送至流化床加热炉 3内, 流化 床加热炉 3内的温度控制在 700-1200Ό , 经空气流化燃烧后烧掉一部分含炭固 体物质, 同时放出热量加热其余含炭固体物质; (2)被加热的含炭固体物质经 热炭管线 4进入预提升器 5, 在预提升器下方气体介质的作用下沿提升管 6向 上流动, 提升管 6内的温度控制在 500-900°C, 优选为 700-850°C, 预提升器 5 下方的气体介质选用惰性气体或二硫化碳气体, 提升管 6内混合气体的表观速 度为 4〜20 m/s, 优 ¾ 6〜10 m/s; (3)呈液态或气态的硫磺由喷嘴 7喷入提升 管内, 与高温含炭固体物质接触并反应, 生成气态二硫化碳, 为了延长反应时 间,提升管 6内的含炭固体物质和硫磺经过流化床层 13充分反应后进入沉降器 9内; (4)设置在提升管 6上端出口的快分装置 8将气态二硫化碳与未反应完 的含炭固体物质进行分离, 分离出的夹带部分含炭固体物质的气态二硫化碳进 入沉降器 9, 然后进入旋风分离器 10分离掉夹带的含炭固体物质, 由沉降器 9 顶部的管线排出, 快分装置为旋风分离器或三叶形快分或旋流快分等气固分离 设备; (5)被快分装置 8分离下来的未反应完的含炭固体物质落入沉降器 9下 方的汽提段 11, 经惰性气体汽提掉夹带的二硫化碳气体后由冷炭管线 12进入 流化床加热炉 3内燃烧,汽提段 11内惰性气体的表观速度为 0.1〜0.5m/s。为了 避免流化床加热炉内的含炭固体物质燃烧不充分而产生一氧化碳, 随即直接排 入空气而造成环境污染的问题, 人们可采用多种方法将产生的高温烟气进行处 理, 这些方法是本领域的普通技术人员所公知的。
上述过程中热炭管线 4和冷炭管线 12内充满含炭固体物质,可通过热炭管 线和冷炭管线上的控制阀实现; 提升管 6、 '热碳管线 4、 冷碳管线 12及流化床 加热炉 3内的含炭固体物质为颗粒状,其粒径 20mm;加料器的加料形式可为 连续加入或间歇加入, 由燃烧、 反应中含炭固体物质的消耗量决定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 其特征是将含炭固体物质经料仓 ( 1 )、 加料器(2)输送至流化床加热炉 (3 ) 内, 经空气流化燃烧后烧掉一部 分含炭固体物质, 同时放出热量加热其余含炭固体物质; 被加热的含炭固体物 质经热炭管线(4)进入预提升器(5), 在预提升器下方气体介质的作用下沿提 升管 (6) 向上流动; 硫磺由喷嘴 (7) 喷入提升管内, 与高温含炭固体物质接 触并反应, 生成气态二硫化碳; 设置在提升管 (6) 上端出口的快分装置 (8) 将气态二硫化碳与未反应完的含炭固体物质进行分离, 分离出的夹带部分含炭 固体物质的气态二硫化碳进入沉降器(9), 然后进入旋风分离器 (10) 分离掉 夹带的含炭固体物质, 由沉降器(9)顶部的管线排出; 被快分装置 (8) 分离 下来的未反应完的含炭固体物质落入沉降器(9) 下方的汽提段(11 ), 经惰性 气体汽提掉夹带的二硫化碳气体后由冷炭管线(12)进入流化床加热炉(3) 内 燃烧。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺,其特征是流化 床加热炉 (3 ) 内的温度控制在 700-1200°C, 提升管 (6 ) 内的温度控制在 500-900。C。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺,其特征是 由热炭斜管 (4)进入提升管 (6) 的含炭固体物质的质量流量为硫磺进料质量 流量的 5〜15倍。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 其特征 是提升管(6) 内的含炭固体物质和硫磺经过流化床层(13)充分反应后进入沉 降器 (9) 内。
5、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺,其特征是 进入喷嘴(7) 的硫磺为液态或气态。
6、根据权利耍求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 其特征是 预提升器 (5 ) 下方的气体介质选用惰性气体或二硫化碳气体, 提升管 (6) 内 混合气体的表观速度为 4〜20 m/s。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 其特征 是在二硫化碳制备过程中至少一段热炭管线(4)和冷炭管线(12) 内充满含炭 固体物质。
8、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺, 其特征是 提升管(6)、 热碳管线(4)、 冷碳管线(12)及流化床加热炉(3 ) 内的含炭固 体物质为颗粒状, 其粒径 20mm。
9、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺,其特征是 汽提段(11 ) 内惰性气体的表观速度为 0.1〜0.5m/s。
PCT/CN2008/001320 2008-07-16 2008-07-16 一种循环流化床制备二硫化碳的工艺 WO2010006464A1 (zh)

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CN112279251A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-01-29 太原科技大学 一种二硫化碳气化反应炉液体硫磺输送装置

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