WO2010005785A2 - Packing element for heat and mass transfer towers - Google Patents
Packing element for heat and mass transfer towers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010005785A2 WO2010005785A2 PCT/US2009/048417 US2009048417W WO2010005785A2 WO 2010005785 A2 WO2010005785 A2 WO 2010005785A2 US 2009048417 W US2009048417 W US 2009048417W WO 2010005785 A2 WO2010005785 A2 WO 2010005785A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- packing element
- element according
- packing
- peripheral wall
- elements
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/30223—Cylinder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/30246—Square or square-derived
- B01J2219/30249—Cube
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/30276—Sheet
- B01J2219/30292—Sheet rolled up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/30416—Ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/308—Details relating to random packing elements filling or discharging the elements into or from packed columns
- B01J2219/3081—Orientation of the packing elements within the column or vessel
- B01J2219/3085—Ordered or stacked packing elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/318—Manufacturing aspects
- B01J2219/3188—Extruding
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to towers for effecting heat transfer or chemical reactions and, more particularly, to packing elements for such towers and to the towers containing such packing elements.
- the large surface area created by the randomly arranged packing elements facilitates the chemical reaction.
- the individual packing elements used for heat transfer are relatively small, while those used for mass transfer may be large or small.
- Saddle-shaped packing elements impart a good measure of resistance to the flow of fluids in a tower and cause a corresponding pressure drop.
- the operators of some towers have turned to wafer-shaped elements, which reduce the pressure drop, yet maintain large surface areas for enhancing heat transfer or facilitating chemical reactions.
- the typical wafer-shaped element possesses a circular shape, but its diameter is considerably greater than its length.
- the element has septa that divide it into a multitude of small passages that extend through the element. The septa provide considerable surface area which is desirable. But the passages, being small, tend to restrict the flow of fluid and fail to capture the cross flow of fluid over the upstream faces of the elements.
- That cross flow derives from the random orientation of the wafer- shaped elements. While the elements tend to orient themselves generally horizontally when dumped into a tower, many are inclined slightly. As a consequence, a void develops between any inclined element and a more horizontal element below or above it, so a packing comprised of numerous wafer-shaped elements will contain a multitude of voids between its elements. A fluid flowing through the tower tends to follow the voids as cross flow and not the small passages through the elements, inasmuch as the short margins that border the passages on the upstream faces fail to capture much of the cross flow. As a result, the large surface areas created by the septa are rendered less effective.
- the packing elements take the form of blocks stacked one upon the other.
- the blocks each contain a multitude of cells that are isolated from each other, so the air flow within any cell stays within that cell and cannot distribute across the block.
- the pressure drop and flow through the cells are not uniform, and this, in turn, results in poor utilization of the heat or mass transfer characteristics of the block-like elements.
- Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partially broken away, of a tower containing packing elements constructed in accordance with and embodying the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of one of the packing elements
- Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the packing element
- Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the packing element taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 2;
- Fig. 5 is a plan view of a slightly modified packing element with webs
- Fig. 6 is a plan view of another slightly modified packing element with webs
- Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 6;
- Fig. 8 is a sectional view of another slightly modified packing element; and Fig. 9 is a perspective view of packing elements in the form of a blocks constructed in accordance with the present invention. Best Modes For Carrying The Invention
- a tower A (Fig. 1 ) contains a bed or packing B created by a multitude of packing elements 2 arranged randomly, but otherwise generally horizontally in the tower A.
- the packing B may serve to transfer heat between the packing B and gases that flow through the tower
- the tower A may serve in a mass transfer capacity to enhance chemical reactions between the fluids that flow through the tower A simultaneously.
- the tower A has a shell 4 that confines the packing B and at least one port 6 at each end of the shell 4, and where the tower A is used for mass transfer, usually more than one port 6. so that different fluids may be introduced separately but simultaneously into the tower A.
- Each packing element 2 possesses a unitary construction, that is to say it is formed as a single piece. It includes (Figs. 2 - 4) a peripheral wall 10 that is circular or otherwise closes upon itself, thus establishing an axis X for -A-
- the element 2 has a convoluted interior wall 12 that creates and borders a convoluted passage 14 through the element 2.
- the interior wall 12 emerges from the peripheral wall 10 at a thickened region 16 of the peripheral wall 2 and spirals inwardly, terminating near the axis X of the element 2.
- the peripheral wall 10 and the convoluted interior wall 12 provide end surfaces 18 on the element 2, and those end surfaces 18 lie in planes that are parallel, the spacing between which represents the length of the element 2.
- the aspect ratio of element 2, that is the ratio of its diameter to its length (axial dimension), should range between about 2 and 6.
- the element 2 may be provided in a variety of sizes from about 1 .5 inches in diameter up to about 8.0 inches in diameter.
- the smaller sizes are preferred for heat transfer, whereas both small and large sizes are suitable for mass transfer.
- the material from which the element 2 is formed depends to a large measure on the fluids that pass through the packing B of which the element 2 is a part and the temperature of the fluids.
- the element 2 may be formed from a ceramic, from a metal, or from a polymer.
- the element 2 will be formed from a ceramic in an extrusion procedure. That procedure produces an extruded form from a suitable material.
- the form upon emerging from the extrusion die, is cut with a blade or wire into individual green elements that are subsequently fired in a kiln or oven to produce the packing elements 2. Where a blade is used, it should enter the extruded form where the form is thickest, that is at the thickened region 16.
- the extrusion procedure is particularly suited for producing the elements 2 in smaller diameters, but it is also useful for larger diameters. However, in larger diameters, the green elements may be also produced by casting or molding, which from a technical perspective is preferred because it produces more accurate dimensions. However, it is more expensive than extruding.
- each element 2 may be provided with webs 22 (Fig. 5) that span the convoluted passage 14 transversely from the thickened region 16 where the blade enters the extruded form.
- the webs 22 connect the peripheral wall 10 with the largest convolution of the interior wall 12 as well as successive convolutions as of the interior wall 12.
- the webs 22 may be offset angularly in successive convolutions of the passage 16 so that they do not align across the element 2 (Figs. 6 & 7).
- the webs 22 when so arranged strengthen the element 2. While the webs 22 still divide the passage 14 into segments, the segments are longer than when the webs 22 align across the element 2.
- the elements 2 upon being dumped into the shell 4 of the tower A mostly assume horizontal or near horizontal orientations. Even so, many will be inclined slightly. Typically, an inclined element 2 will lie over a more horizontal element 2 or vice versa, creating a void between the end surfaces 18 on the two elements 2. Notwithstanding the void, fluids in that void upon encountering the convoluted wall 12 of the downstream element 2 will deflect at the edges along the upstream edges of the wall 12 and flow into the convoluted passage 14 bordered by the wall 12, inasmuch as the passage 14 extends for considerable length without interruption. It has its maximum length when it spirals all the way to the center of the element 2. Moreover, the fluid will tend to swirl through the passage 14, thereby enhancing contact between the fluid and the element 2, all with minimal pressure loss.
- the peripheral wall 10 of the element 2 need not be cylindrical, although cylindrical is preferred. It may take an elliptical or other oblong configuration. Moreover, it may assume a polygonal configuration. In any one of those variations, the individual convolutions of the interior wall 4 and the passage 6 could assume the general shape of the peripheral wall 2. Moreover, the element 2 may have two or more interior walls 12 and corresponding passages 14 that spiral inwardly from different locations along the peripheral wall 10 - basically, one spiral within another.
- its interior wall 12 may have curved edges 24 (Fig. 8) at the end surfaces 18 and further may taper downwardly from the mid-region of the wall 4 to those edges 24, so that the wall 12 enlarges the ends of the convoluted passage 14, enabling the passage 14 to capture and direct more flow through the element 2.
- peripheral wall 10 may be discontinuous, that is to say, it may have a short opening or slot in it.
- the packing element 2 would more closely resemble a pure coil.
- polygonal configurations are suitable for monolith/structured packings C.
- monolith/structured packings typically include packing elements in the form of blocks 28 (Fig. 9) that are stacked one upon the other and side by side with little or no spacing between adjacent blocks 28, irrespective of whether they are over or under or to the side of another block 28.
- each block 28 has a peripheral wall 30 of polygonal shape and a convoluted interior wall 32 that establishes a convoluted passage 34 through the block 28.
- the convoluted passages 34 in the blocks 28 enable fluids to flow freely through the blocks 28 and further even out the pressure drop through different areas of the blocks 28, this in contrast to the typical monolith/structured blocks, which have separated passages or cells extending through them, with the cells being isolated from each other.
- a monolith/structured block 28 would typically measure 6 X 6 X 12 inches, with the longest dimension being in the axial direction and hence representing the length of the convoluted passage 34 through the block 28.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112009001655T DE112009001655T5 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2009-06-24 | Packings for towers for heat and mass transfer |
US13/002,907 US20110114288A1 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2009-06-24 | Packing element for heat and mass transfer towers |
CN2009801262969A CN102089074A (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2009-06-24 | Packing element for heat and mass transfer towers |
MA33485A MA32450B1 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2011-01-03 | PACKING ELEMENT FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER TOWERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8005008P | 2008-07-11 | 2008-07-11 | |
US61/080,050 | 2008-07-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010005785A2 true WO2010005785A2 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
WO2010005785A3 WO2010005785A3 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
Family
ID=41395515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/048417 WO2010005785A2 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2009-06-24 | Packing element for heat and mass transfer towers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110114288A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102089074A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112009001655T5 (en) |
MA (1) | MA32450B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010005785A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130058843A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2013-03-07 | Daniel C. Sherman | Mass transfer packing element and method of making the same |
RU2564727C1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-10-10 | Рафик Мидхатович Бикчентаев | Attachment for heat mass exchange device |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104922942B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of Seal Oil vacuum efficient degassing device of big flow small size |
WO2019191375A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | Norell, Inc. | Multi-channel distillation column packing |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2615832A (en) * | 1943-06-16 | 1952-10-28 | Ici Ltd | Treatment of gases or vapors with liquids |
DE1243152B (en) * | 1963-04-13 | 1967-06-29 | Chemische Maschb Werke Rudisle | Filler |
DE1519668A1 (en) * | 1966-07-06 | 1970-10-29 | Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foeldgaz | Filler for rectification columns |
GB1531918A (en) * | 1976-01-08 | 1978-11-15 | Sulzer Ag | Mass transfer columns |
SU899104A1 (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-01-23 | Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Нефтехимической И Газовой Промышленности Им.И.М.Губкина | Packing for heat mass exchange apparatus |
SU952304A1 (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1982-08-23 | Украинский Ордена "Знак Почета" Научно-Исследовательский Углехимический Институт | Packing assembly |
US4499033A (en) * | 1981-10-08 | 1985-02-12 | Huffman Lowell E | Closely coiled packing element, method of manufacture, and process for purifying gases |
SU1487959A1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-06-23 | Mo Khim T I Im Mendeleeva | Packing bed |
SU1627229A1 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1991-02-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт синтетических и натуральных душистых веществ | Packing for heat-and-mass exchangers |
DE29702670U1 (en) * | 1997-02-15 | 1997-04-17 | Envicon Klaertech Verwalt | Fixed bed |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1588203A (en) * | 1924-08-22 | 1926-06-08 | Stein Louis | Checker brick |
US3506248A (en) * | 1968-02-21 | 1970-04-14 | United Air Specialists | Tower packing unit |
US4195043A (en) * | 1979-01-17 | 1980-03-25 | Norton Company | Randomly dumpable self orienting spiral packing elements |
US4388277A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1983-06-14 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Catalyst device and method |
US6007915A (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 1999-12-28 | Norton Chemical Process Products Corporation | Shaped packing element |
US6699562B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-03-02 | Saint-Gobain Corporation | Ceramic packing element |
-
2009
- 2009-06-24 WO PCT/US2009/048417 patent/WO2010005785A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-06-24 US US13/002,907 patent/US20110114288A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-06-24 DE DE112009001655T patent/DE112009001655T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-24 CN CN2009801262969A patent/CN102089074A/en active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-01-03 MA MA33485A patent/MA32450B1/en unknown
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2615832A (en) * | 1943-06-16 | 1952-10-28 | Ici Ltd | Treatment of gases or vapors with liquids |
DE1243152B (en) * | 1963-04-13 | 1967-06-29 | Chemische Maschb Werke Rudisle | Filler |
DE1519668A1 (en) * | 1966-07-06 | 1970-10-29 | Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foeldgaz | Filler for rectification columns |
GB1531918A (en) * | 1976-01-08 | 1978-11-15 | Sulzer Ag | Mass transfer columns |
SU899104A1 (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-01-23 | Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Нефтехимической И Газовой Промышленности Им.И.М.Губкина | Packing for heat mass exchange apparatus |
SU952304A1 (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1982-08-23 | Украинский Ордена "Знак Почета" Научно-Исследовательский Углехимический Институт | Packing assembly |
US4499033A (en) * | 1981-10-08 | 1985-02-12 | Huffman Lowell E | Closely coiled packing element, method of manufacture, and process for purifying gases |
SU1487959A1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-06-23 | Mo Khim T I Im Mendeleeva | Packing bed |
SU1627229A1 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1991-02-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт синтетических и натуральных душистых веществ | Packing for heat-and-mass exchangers |
DE29702670U1 (en) * | 1997-02-15 | 1997-04-17 | Envicon Klaertech Verwalt | Fixed bed |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130058843A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2013-03-07 | Daniel C. Sherman | Mass transfer packing element and method of making the same |
US9039987B2 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2015-05-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Mass transfer packing element and method of making the same |
RU2564727C1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-10-10 | Рафик Мидхатович Бикчентаев | Attachment for heat mass exchange device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112009001655T5 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
US20110114288A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
CN102089074A (en) | 2011-06-08 |
MA32450B1 (en) | 2011-07-03 |
WO2010005785A3 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
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